CN115113204B - Satellite-borne InSAR (interferometric synthetic Aperture Radar) implementation method for distributed satellite dual-band split emission - Google Patents
Satellite-borne InSAR (interferometric synthetic Aperture Radar) implementation method for distributed satellite dual-band split emission Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
- G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for realizing satellite-borne InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) with distributed satellite dual-band split emission, wherein dual-frequency radars are simultaneously and respectively installed on two satellites with distributed configurations, dual-frequency radar adopts an integrated and integrated cooperative work design, and dual-frequency beams simultaneously observe the same area. According to the invention, the image quality is improved without increasing the power consumption of each satellite by adopting a mode of transmitting dual-band SAR signals in a split-star manner and simultaneously receiving dual-band echo signals by the two satellites; by adopting the mode that the double-star alternate transmission double-frequency SAR signals and the double-star simultaneous reception double-frequency echo signals are adopted, the length of the interference baseline is increased, and the ground elevation measurement precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) systems, and particularly relates to a satellite-borne InSAR realization method for distributed satellite dual-band split transmission.
Background
An Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is a radar remote sensing technology applied to the field of geographic measurement, and is characterized in that an SAR image pair of a high-resolution target area is acquired by using a synthetic aperture radar system carried by a satellite or an airplane, and ground elevation information of the target area is acquired through interference processing of the image pair.
The method for realizing global topographic mapping by adopting a distributed interference SAR satellite is a common method in the world. Two satellite distributed configurations exist, one is that two satellites are mutually backup, any one of the two satellites can be used as a main satellite to transmit high-power signals, and a one-transmitting-double-receiving mode and an alternate transmitting mode can be realized. The other is a main-auxiliary satellite structure, one satellite is used as a main satellite to transmit high-power signals, the other satellite is used as an auxiliary satellite to passively receive and be synchronized, only a one-transmitting and two-receiving mode can be realized, and the flexibility is not enough.
The dual-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar fuses interference information of two frequency bands, solves the problem of ground height inversion errors caused by incorrect single-frequency InSAR phase unwrapping, and can effectively extract height information of large undulating terrain and steep terrain.
Distributed satellite dual-frequency spaceborne SAR interferometric techniques have been developed in recent years. The distributed satellite dual-frequency InSAR system has the advantages that two radars with different frequency ranges are installed on one satellite, dual-frequency signals are transmitted simultaneously, the dual-satellite dual-frequency radars receive echo signals simultaneously, and the distributed satellite dual-frequency InSAR system has the advantage of integration of the distributed satellite and the dual-frequency. However, if a dual-band high-power signal is transmitted simultaneously on one satellite, a large amount of heat consumption is generated, and a high requirement is put on the thermal control capability of the satellite. In order to reduce the power consumption pressure of each satellite, the transmitting power of the radar in each frequency band needs to be reduced, but the sensitivity of the radar system is reduced, the image quality is reduced, and the elevation measurement precision is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for implementing a distributed dual-band split-transmission satellite-borne InSAR, which is a method for transmitting dual-band signals in a split-transmission manner by using a pair of satellites and simultaneously receiving the dual-band signals by using the pair of satellites. The method divides the requirement of simultaneously transmitting high-power signals by two frequencies on two satellites, namely the two satellites respectively transmit the high-power signals of different frequency bands at the same time, so that the image quality is improved under the condition of not exceeding the power consumption requirement of each satellite. Meanwhile, the method of alternately transmitting double-frequency signals by using double stars doubles the length of a base line, and greatly improves the elevation measurement precision. The invention aims to improve the image signal-to-noise ratio by transmitting signals of different frequency bands at the split position of the double stars, and increase the length of an interference baseline by transmitting the double-frequency signals alternately by the double stars, so that the ground elevation measurement precision is improved by the double-frequency signals and the interference baseline.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing satellite-borne InSAR (interferometric synthetic Aperture Radar) by distributed satellite dual-band split transmission adopts a method for simultaneously receiving dual-band echo signals by a dual-band split dual-satellite transmitting and dual-satellite dual-band radar, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the dual-frequency radar adopts integrated design and synchronous control, and dual-frequency irradiates the same area; pulse repetition frequency of transmitted signalprfThe same, the same duration of the emitted pulse τ; a first satellite transmits a first frequency band signal, a second satellite transmits a second frequency band signal at the same moment, and the first satellite and the second satellite simultaneously receive double-frequency band echo signals of the first frequency band and the second frequency band; after imaging processing, 2 pairs of radar images are acquired simultaneously.
The invention also provides another implementation method of the satellite-borne InSAR for distributed satellite dual-band split transmission, which adopts a method that a dual-satellite dual-frequency radar alternately transmits dual-frequency signals and simultaneously receives the dual-frequency signals, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the dual-frequency radar adopts integrated design and synchronous control, and dual-frequency irradiates the same area; pulse repetition frequency of transmitted signalprfThe same, the same duration of the emitted pulse τ; the method comprises two transmission modes:
the first transmission mode is as follows: when a first pulse signal is transmitted, a first satellite transmits a first frequency band signal, a second satellite transmits a second frequency band signal, and the first satellite and the second satellite simultaneously receive double-frequency band echo signals; when a second pulse signal is transmitted, the first satellite transmits a signal of a second frequency band, the second satellite transmits a signal of a first frequency band, and the first satellite and the second satellite simultaneously receive double-frequency-band echo signals; the third pulse is transmitted according to the first pulse mode, and the cycle is alternated; after imaging processing, 4 pairs of radar image pairs are obtained simultaneously;
the second transmission mode is as follows: when a first pulse signal is transmitted, a first satellite simultaneously transmits signals of a first frequency band and a second frequency band, a second satellite does not transmit signals, and the first satellite and the second satellite simultaneously receive double-frequency echo signals; when the second pulse signal is transmitted, the second satellite simultaneously transmits signals of the first frequency band and the second frequency band, the first satellite does not transmit signals, and the first satellite and the second satellite simultaneously receive double-frequency-band echo signals; the third pulse signal is transmitted according to the first pulse mode, and the steps are alternately circulated; after imaging processing, 4 pairs of radar image pairs are obtained simultaneously; the two pulse signals are in a transmission period, and from the perspective of generalized division, the second transmission mode belongs to the dual-frequency simultaneous division of the two satellites;
the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode have the same requirements on the power consumption of the platform.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a method for realizing a dual-band distributed satellite-borne InSAR, which improves the image quality and reduces the thermal control pressure of a satellite platform under the condition of not increasing the power consumption of each satellite by adopting a mode that a dual-satellite is separately arranged to transmit a dual-band SAR signal and a dual-satellite simultaneously receives a dual-band echo signal; by adopting the mode that the double-star alternate transmission double-frequency SAR signals and the double-star simultaneous reception double-frequency echo signals are adopted, the length of the interference base line is increased, the inter-star base line is doubled, and the ground elevation measurement precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first transmission mode of operation according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second transmission mode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing a distributed satellite dual-band split-transmission satellite-borne InSAR, where a method of dual-band split-transmission in a dual-satellite and dual-satellite simultaneous reception of dual-band echo signals is adopted, so that a requirement on platform power consumption of each satellite can be effectively reduced, and radar image quality and elevation measurement accuracy are improved, specifically including:
the dual-frequency radar adopts integrated design and synchronous control, and dual-frequency irradiates the same area. Pulse repetition frequency of transmitted signalprfThe same, the emission pulse duration τ is the same. The first satellite transmits a first frequency band signal, the second satellite transmits a second frequency band signal at the same moment, and the two satellites simultaneously receive double-frequency band echo signals. Setting the peak power of the radar of the first frequency band toP t1 With a radiation efficiency ofk 1 The power supply has the efficiency ofη 1 The radar of the second frequency band has a transmission peak power ofP t2 With a radiation efficiency ofk 2 The power supply has the efficiency ofη 2 Then, then
Emission power consumption of first frequency band radarP s1 Comprises the following steps:
emission power consumption of second frequency band radarP s2 Comprises the following steps:
the dual-frequency radar transmits simultaneously, the total power consumptionP s ：
In order to improve the radar interferometry accuracy, the larger the radar transmission power consumption is, the better the radar transmission power consumption is, but the power consumption is limited by the limit of the power consumption P of each satellite platform. If the dual-frequency radar transmits a high-power signal on one satellite at the same time, the following requirements are met:
the total radar power consumption for both bands cannot exceed the platform power consumption limit for each satellite.
If the dual-frequency radar is respectively arranged in two different satellites to transmit simultaneously, the transmitting power consumption of each radar only needs to meet the following requirements:
the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is as follows:
whereinσ 0 The backscattering coefficient of the ground object is represented,NEσ 0 indicating the system sensitivity.
WhereinK i Is shown withiSystem constants, wavelength, platform speed, beam slant range, beam incident angle, antenna pattern, resolution, etc. of the frequency band radar,P ti is shown asiThe frequency band radar transmits a peak power,P si is shown asiThe power consumption of the frequency band radar transmission is reduced,k i is shown asiThe radiation efficiency of the frequency band radar is improved,η i is shown asiThe power efficiency of the frequency band radar is improved,i=1,2, indicating a band index.
According to the formula, the allowable transmitting power consumption is improved, the sensitivity of the radar system is improved, the image signal to noise ratio is improved, the image quality is improved, and the elevation measurement precision is improved.
Example one would obtain 4 images simultaneously, constituting 2 pairs of images, namely:
(1) a first frequency band: first satellite transmitting + first satellite receiving, first satellite transmitting + second satellite receiving
(2) A second frequency band: second satellite transmitting + second satellite receiving, second satellite transmitting + first satellite receiving
The relative height measurement accuracy reflects the spread degree of elevation measurement errors of each point in the image, and the relative height measurement accuracyσ h1 The definition is as follows:
wherein:B ⊥ represents the perpendicular baseline component of the interference baseline,θwhich represents the angle of incidence,σ φ1 which is indicative of the phase error of the interference,λwhich represents the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source,Rrepresenting the target's slant range to the transmitting satellite.
The main factors influencing the relative measurement accuracy are interference phase error and base line length, and the longer the base line is, the higher the obtained measurement accuracy is. The interference phase error is related to the correlation coefficient of the interference complex image pair, and the main factors causing the change of the correlation coefficient are signal-to-noise ratio decorrelation, baseline decorrelation, image registration decorrelation, volume scattering decorrelation and the like. The signal-to-noise ratio is improved, the interference phase error is reduced, and the height measurement precision is improved.
The formula can be used for obtaining the image signal to noise ratio, and the measurement precision is improved. After the image pair of each frequency band is subjected to interference processing, the dual-frequency band fusion finishes correct phase unwrapping, and therefore ground elevation information is effectively inverted.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, a second embodiment of the present invention provides another distributed dual-band split-transmission spaceborne InSAR implementation method, and in this embodiment, a method of alternately transmitting dual-band signals by using two satellites and simultaneously receiving dual-band signals is adopted, so that the inter-satellite baseline length is doubled, and the elevation measurement accuracy is improved. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the dual-frequency radar adopts integrated design and synchronous control, and dual-frequency irradiates the same area. Pulse repetition of transmitted signalsComplex frequencyprfIdentical, the emission pulse duration τ is identical. Because the two satellites alternately transmit and each satellite transmits a double-frequency high-power signal, two transmission modes are available, namely: when a first pulse signal is transmitted, a first satellite transmits a first frequency band signal, a second satellite transmits a second frequency band signal, and the two satellites simultaneously receive double-frequency band echo signals; when a second pulse signal is transmitted, the first satellite transmits a second frequency band signal, the second satellite transmits a first frequency band signal, and the two satellites simultaneously receive double-frequency band echo signals; the third pulse is transmitted as the first pulse, and so on in alternating cycles. And the second method comprises the following steps: when a first pulse signal is transmitted, a first satellite simultaneously transmits a first frequency band signal and a second frequency band signal, a second satellite does not transmit a signal, and two satellites simultaneously receive double-frequency echo signals; when the second pulse signal is transmitted, the second satellite simultaneously transmits the first frequency band signal and the second frequency band signal, the first satellite does not transmit the signal, and the two satellites simultaneously receive the double-frequency band echo signal; the third pulse signal is transmitted in the first pulse mode, and the first pulse mode and the second pulse mode are alternately circulated. In this embodiment, two pulses are a transmission period, and from the viewpoint of generalized division, the second transmission mode belongs to dual-frequency simultaneous division on two stars. The two transmission modes have the same requirements on the power consumption of the platform.
Setting the peak power of the radar of the first frequency band toP t1 With a radiation efficiency ofk 1 The power supply has the efficiency ofη 1 The transmitting peak power of the radar in the second frequency band isP t2 With a radiation efficiency ofk 2 The power supply has the efficiency ofη 2 . Since each satellite transmits a dual-frequency signal, for each satellite:
emission power consumption of first frequency band radarP s1 Comprises the following steps:
emission power consumption of second frequency band radarP s2 Comprises the following steps:
the limit of power consumption P of each satellite platform needs to be satisfied as follows:
P s 1 +P s2 ≤P
that is, the total power consumption of the two frequency bands cannot exceed the platform power consumption limit of each satellite. This results in a decrease in the system sensitivity of each radar and a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the image.
The image signal to noise ratio is as follows:
whereinσ 0 The backscattering coefficient of the ground object is represented,NEσ 0 indicating the system sensitivity.
WhereinK i Is shown withiSystem constants, wavelength, platform speed, beam slant range, beam incident angle, antenna pattern, resolution, etc. of the frequency band radar,P ti is shown asiThe frequency band radar transmits a peak power,P si is shown asiThe power consumption of the frequency band radar transmission is reduced,k i is shown asiThe radiation efficiency of the frequency band radar is improved,η i is shown asiThe power efficiency of the frequency band radar is improved,i=1,2, indicating a band index.
According to the formula, after the double-star alternate emission, the sensitivity of the radar system is reduced by one time, but the base line is increased by one time according to the interference principle.
Because of adopting the alternate emission mode of the two stars, the double frequency obtains 8 pairs of images in two PRT periods, form 4 pairs of interference image pairs, two pairs of long baselines, two pairs of short baselines, as follows:
The long base line improves the measurement precision, the short base line increases the fuzzy height, and the long base line and the short base line are jointly used, so that the flexibility of measurement application is improved. It should be noted that the four images in each frequency band have various combinations to form a short baseline interference image pair, such as a first satellite transmitting + a first satellite receiving, a first satellite transmitting + a second satellite receiving, or a second satellite transmitting + a second satellite receiving, a second satellite transmitting + a first satellite receiving.
For a long interference baseline image pair formed by self-emission and self-collection of two satellites, the relative height measurement precision is highσ h2 The following were used:
wherein:B ⊥ representing the vertical baseline component in the interference baseline,θwhich represents the angle of incidence,σ φ2 indicating the interference phase error in the case of a long baseline,λwhich represents the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source,Rrepresenting the target's slant range to the transmitting satellite.
As can be seen from the above formula, the vertical baseline is equivalently doubled, and the relative height measurement precision is improved. The short baseline measurement accuracy is the same as in the first embodiment. After the image pair of each frequency band is subjected to interference processing, the dual-frequency band fusion finishes correct phase unwrapping, and therefore ground elevation information is effectively inverted.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for realizing satellite-borne InSAR of distributed satellite dual-band split emission is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for alternately transmitting the dual-frequency signals and simultaneously receiving the dual-frequency signals by adopting the dual-satellite dual-frequency radar specifically comprises the following steps:
the dual-frequency radar adopts integrated design and synchronous control, and dual-frequency irradiates the same area; pulse repetition frequency of transmitted signalprfIdentical, the emission pulse duration tau is identical; the method comprises two transmission modes:
the first transmission mode is as follows: when a first pulse signal is transmitted, a first satellite transmits a signal of a first frequency band, a second satellite transmits a signal of a second frequency band, and the first satellite and the second satellite simultaneously receive a double-frequency-band echo signal; when a second pulse signal is transmitted, the first satellite transmits a signal of a second frequency band, the second satellite transmits a signal of a first frequency band, and the first satellite and the second satellite simultaneously receive double-frequency-band echo signals; the third pulse is transmitted according to the first pulse mode, and the cycle is alternated; after imaging processing, 4 pairs of radar image pairs are obtained simultaneously;
the second transmission mode is as follows: when a first pulse signal is transmitted, a first satellite simultaneously transmits signals of a first frequency band and a second frequency band, a second satellite does not transmit signals, and the first satellite and the second satellite simultaneously receive double-frequency echo signals; when the second pulse signal is transmitted, the second satellite simultaneously transmits signals of a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the first satellite does not transmit signals, and the first satellite and the second satellite simultaneously receive double-frequency-band echo signals; the third pulse signal is transmitted according to the first pulse signal, and the steps are alternately circulated; after imaging processing, 4 pairs of radar image pairs are obtained simultaneously; the two transmitted pulse signals are a transmission period, and from the perspective of generalized division, the second transmission mode belongs to the dual-frequency simultaneous division of the two satellites;
the first transmission mode and the second transmission mode have the same requirements on the power consumption of the platform.
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| CN112731398A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-30 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Multi-dimensional information detection SAR satellite detection method |
| CN113671504A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-19 | 中国空间技术研究院 | Anti-echo interference difference frequency design method for distributed double-star imaging altimeter |
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| CN112731398A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-30 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Multi-dimensional information detection SAR satellite detection method |
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