CN115112999A - Medium-voltage distribution network fault section positioning method based on low-voltage side characteristic voltage - Google Patents
Medium-voltage distribution network fault section positioning method based on low-voltage side characteristic voltage Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medium-voltage distribution network fault section positioning method based on low-voltage side characteristic voltage, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring a transformer connection mode and a fault type; acquiring voltage phasor of each measuring point on the low-voltage side and calculating corresponding characteristic voltage; acquiring a suspicious fault path according to the maximum value of the characteristic voltage, and segmenting the suspicious fault path; calculating the characteristic current corresponding to each section according to the characteristic voltage at the two ends of each section in the suspicious fault path; and determining a fault section according to the difference of the characteristic current of the fault upstream and downstream. The method can accurately and effectively realize the positioning of the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network, and the positioning effect is less influenced by the fault resistance and the fault distance neutral point grounding mode and is not influenced by the fault type. The voltage measuring point is positioned on the low-voltage side, so that the installation, operation and maintenance costs are low, and the ferromagnetic resonance risk is favorably reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power distribution network fault location, in particular to a medium-voltage distribution network fault section location method based on low-voltage side characteristic voltage.
Background
After the distribution network breaks down, the fault location is quickly and accurately realized, the power failure range is favorably reduced, the worker is helped to shorten the troubleshooting time, the maintenance work is quickly completed, the power supply to the user is recovered, and the method has important significance for the safe, stable and efficient operation of the distribution network. With the improvement of the automation degree of the distribution network, the application of a large number of automatic terminal equipment and communication devices lays a foundation for the new fault positioning method. The wide area communication method determines the fault position through multipoint measurement information when the distribution network is in fault, and the method has high requirements on communication.
When the medium-voltage distribution network fails, the voltage amplitude of the whole power grid changes to a certain extent. The distribution characteristic of the voltage when the distribution network is in fault contains various fault information, and fault positioning of the distribution network can be realized by utilizing the fault distribution characteristic of the system voltage. However, most of the existing medium-voltage distribution network fault location technologies are based on location on a medium-voltage side, but the method has the following disadvantages:
1. the cost for installing the measuring points at the medium-pressure side is high, and the later maintenance is difficult;
2. a voltage transformer is required to be additionally arranged for measuring the voltage at the medium-voltage side, so that the cost is increased, and meanwhile, ferromagnetic resonance risk can be brought to a system;
3. most of the existing fault location technologies adopt a single research object to locate different types of faults, however, the same characteristic quantity has great difference when different faults occur in different grounding mode systems, and the location is difficult to realize in practice by adopting a single analysis object;
4. most of existing fault positioning schemes based on the low-voltage side of the distribution network select negative sequence voltage as characteristics to analyze, and three-phase faults cannot be positioned.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the method for positioning the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network based on the low-voltage side characteristic voltage provided by the invention realizes fault positioning through the low-voltage side characteristic voltage.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for positioning the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network based on the low-voltage side characteristic voltage comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a transformer connection mode and a fault type;
s2, acquiring voltage phasors of each measuring point at the low-voltage side and calculating corresponding characteristic voltages based on the transformer connection mode and the fault type;
s3, acquiring a suspicious fault path according to the maximum value of the characteristic voltage, and segmenting the suspicious fault path;
s4, calculating the characteristic current corresponding to each section according to the characteristic voltage at the two ends of each section in the suspicious fault path;
and S5, determining a fault section according to the difference of the characteristic current of the fault upstream and downstream.
Further, the transformer coupling mode in step S1 includes Dyn11 and Yyn 0; the fault types include single-phase earth faults, two-phase short circuits, two-phase short circuit earthed faults, and three-phase short circuit faults.
Further, the specific method of step S2 is:
if the transformer is connected in a Dyn11 mode and the fault type is single-phase earth fault, the characteristic voltage is low-voltage side negative sequence voltage;
if the connection mode of the transformer is Yyn0 and the fault type is single-phase earth fault, the characteristic voltage is low-voltage side negative sequence voltage;
if the connection mode of the transformer is Dyn11 and the fault type is two-phase short circuit, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage side phase voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the connection mode of the transformer is Yyn0 and the fault type is two-phase short circuit, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage lateral line voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the transformer is connected in a Dyn11 mode and the fault type is two-phase short circuit grounding, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage side phase voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the transformer is connected in the Yyn0 mode and the fault type is two-phase short circuit grounding, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage lateral line voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the transformer is connected in a Dyn11 mode and the fault type is a three-phase short-circuit fault, the characteristic voltage is any phase voltage at the low-voltage side;
if the transformer is connected in the Yyn0 mode and the fault type is a three-phase short-circuit fault, the characteristic voltage is any phase voltage on the low-voltage side.
Further, the specific method of step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s3-1, determining a corresponding topology according to the structure of the power distribution network, and acquiring nodes in the power distribution network;
s3-2, obtaining a node where the maximum value of the characteristic voltage in the power distribution network is located, and taking a path between the node where the maximum value of the characteristic voltage is located and the transformer substation as a suspicious fault path;
s3-3, taking a node with a branch and a low-pressure measuring point in the branch as a segment dividing point;
s3-4, taking the path between two adjacent segment dividing points in the suspicious fault path as a segment, and completing the segmentation of the suspicious fault path.
Further, the specific method of step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
s4-1, acquiring low-voltage side negative sequence voltage or low-voltage side phase voltage at the distribution transformer according to the voltage transmission rule of the distribution transformer;
s4-2, acquiring the characteristic voltage value of each section end point in the suspicious fault path: for an end point with a direct-connected transformer and a measuring point at the low-voltage side, the characteristic voltage of the end point is the characteristic voltage of the measuring point; for the end point without the direct-connection transformer, the characteristic voltage of the end point is replaced by the characteristic voltage value of the end point of the node branch circuit;
s4-3, according to the formula:
I C ＝|ΔU/Z C |
obtaining a characteristic current I of a section C C (ii) a Wherein, the delta U is the characteristic voltage phase difference of two end points of the section C; z C The line impedance value for section C.
Further, the specific method of step S4-1 is:
according to the formula:
acquiring a low-voltage side negative sequence voltage or a low-voltage side phase voltage of a Dyn11 type transformer;
or according to the formula:
acquiring a low-voltage side negative sequence voltage or a low-voltage side phase voltage of a Yyn0 type transformer;
wherein U' 1 、U′ 2 And U' 0 Is a low-side voltage sequence component; k is the transformer transformation ratio; u shape 1 、U 2 And U 0 Is the medium voltage side voltage sequence component; e is a natural constant; j is an imaginary unit; u' a 、U′ b And U' c The three-phase voltage at the low-voltage side is respectively; u shape a 、U b And U c Respectively, the three-phase voltage at the medium voltage side.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method realizes the positioning of the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network through the low-voltage side characteristic voltage, solves the problems of high installation and operation and maintenance cost and large workload of a medium-voltage side measuring point, reduces the ferromagnetic resonance risk and realizes the positioning of all short-circuit faults.
2. The method solves the problem that the existing fault positioning method is inaccurate in positioning due to the fact that the analysis object is single and the most sensitive analysis object cannot be selected according to different fault situations.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of positioning a distribution network fault section in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a suspected failure path in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for locating the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network based on the low-voltage side characteristic voltage comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a transformer connection mode and a fault type;
s2, acquiring voltage phasors of each measuring point at the low-voltage side and calculating corresponding characteristic voltages based on the transformer connection mode and the fault type;
s3, obtaining a suspicious fault path according to the maximum value of the characteristic voltage, and segmenting the suspicious fault path;
s4, calculating the characteristic current corresponding to each section according to the characteristic voltage at the two ends of each section in the suspicious fault path;
and S5, determining a fault section according to the difference of the characteristic current of the fault upstream and downstream.
In step S1, the transformer coupling mode comprises Dyn11 and Yyn 0; the fault types include single-phase ground fault, two-phase short circuit ground and three-phase short circuit fault.
The specific method of step S2 is:
if the transformer is connected in a Dyn11 mode and the fault type is single-phase earth fault, the characteristic voltage is low-voltage side negative sequence voltage;
if the connection mode of the transformer is Yyn0 and the fault type is single-phase earth fault, the characteristic voltage is low-voltage side negative sequence voltage;
if the connection mode of the transformer is Dyn11 and the fault type is two-phase short circuit, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage side phase voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the connection mode of the transformer is Yyn0 and the fault type is two-phase short circuit, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage lateral line voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the transformer connection mode is Dyn11 and the fault type is two-phase short circuit grounding, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage side phase voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the transformer is connected in the Yyn0 mode and the fault type is two-phase short circuit grounding, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage lateral line voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the transformer is connected in a Dyn11 mode and the fault type is a three-phase short-circuit fault, the characteristic voltage is any phase voltage at the low-voltage side;
if the transformer connection mode is Yyn0 and the fault type is a three-phase short circuit fault, the characteristic voltage is any phase voltage on the low-voltage side.
The specific method of step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s3-1, determining a corresponding topology according to the structure of the power distribution network, and acquiring nodes in the power distribution network;
s3-2, obtaining a node where the maximum value of the characteristic voltage in the power distribution network is located, and taking a path between the node where the maximum value of the characteristic voltage is located and the transformer substation as a suspicious fault path;
s3-3, taking a node with a branch and a low-voltage measuring point in the branch as a segment dividing point;
s3-4, taking the path between two adjacent segment dividing points in the suspicious fault path as a segment, and completing the segmentation of the suspicious fault path.
The specific method of step S4 includes the following substeps:
s4-1, acquiring low-voltage side negative sequence voltage or low-voltage side phase voltage at the distribution transformer according to the voltage transmission rule of the distribution transformer;
s4-2, acquiring the characteristic voltage value of each section end point in the suspicious fault path: for an end point with a direct-connected transformer and a measuring point at the low-voltage side, the characteristic voltage of the end point is the characteristic voltage of the measuring point; for the end point without the direct-connected transformer, the characteristic voltage of the end point without the direct-connected transformer is replaced by the characteristic voltage value of the end point of the node branch circuit;
s4-3, according to the formula:
I C ＝|ΔU/Z C |
obtaining a characteristic current I of a section C C (ii) a Wherein, the delta U is the characteristic voltage phase difference of two end points of the section C; z C Is the line impedance value of section C; | · | represents taking the magnitude.
The specific method of step S4-1 is: according to the formula:
acquiring a low-voltage side negative sequence voltage or a low-voltage side phase voltage of a Dyn11 type transformer;
or according to the formula:
acquiring a low-voltage side negative sequence voltage or a low-voltage side phase voltage of a Yyn0 type transformer;
wherein U' 1 、U′ 2 And U' 0 Is a low-side voltage sequence component; k is the transformer transformation ratio; u shape 1 、U 2 And U 0 Is the medium voltage side voltage sequence component; e is a natural constant; j is an imaginary unit; u' a 、U′ b And U' c The three-phase voltage at the low-voltage side is respectively; u shape a 、U b And U c Respectively, the three-phase voltage at the medium voltage side.
In an embodiment of the present invention, taking the simple distribution network wiring shown in fig. 2 as an example, when a single-phase ground fault occurs at F, a measured point where a corresponding maximum value of a characteristic voltage (negative sequence voltage) is located is an 11-node low-voltage side measured point, so that a suspected fault path is determined according to the measured point and is shown as a dashed-line frame section in the figure, and the path is divided into 3 subsections according to a branch along the line (the node 2 and the node 3 both have branches and have low-voltage measured points in the branches, so the node 2 and the node 3 are section division points, and the node 10 does not have branches, so the node 10 is not a section division point).
After the fault is locked in the suspected fault path, a further determination is needed as to which segment the fault is located. Because the characteristic currents of the upper and lower sections of the fault are greatly different, the characteristic current of each section on the suspected fault path can be calculated through the characteristic voltage, the amplitude of the characteristic current of each section on the upper side of the fault is consistent and larger, the amplitude of the characteristic current of each section on the lower side of the fault is consistent and extremely small, and the fault section comprises the upper and lower parts of the fault, and the characteristic current of the fault section is located between the upper and lower parts of the fault.
As shown in fig. 3, the voltage at the medium voltage side is measured at the node 1, and the negative sequence voltage at the low voltage side of the distribution transformer needs to be obtained according to the voltage transmission rule of the distribution transformer. The node 11 is directly connected with a transformer (two overlapped circles in the figure represent the transformer), which means that the node 11 has a low-voltage side measuring point, and the negative sequence voltage of the low-voltage side measuring point can be taken as the low-voltage side negative sequence voltage of the node 11. The node 2 is connected with the transformer through the node 9, the condition of directly connecting the transformer is not met, although the node 3 is directly connected with the transformer, no measuring point is arranged at the transformer, so that no low-voltage side measuring point is arranged at the nodes 2 and 3, the low-voltage side data cannot be directly obtained, and the characteristic voltages at the nodes 2 and 3 are subjected to substitution calculation by using the voltages of the measuring points at the tail ends of the corresponding branches, namely: the characteristic voltage of the node 2 is replaced by the voltage value of the end measuring point of the node 9, and the characteristic voltage of the node 3 can be replaced by the voltage value of the end measuring point of the node 5 or the voltage value of the end measuring point of the node 14.
After the characteristic current values of the respective sections are obtained, it is found that the amplitude values of the characteristic currents in the sections 1 and 2 are both consistent and larger, and the difference between the amplitude values of the characteristic current in the section 3 and the amplitude value of the characteristic current in the section 2 is larger (in the specific implementation process, the difference threshold value can be set for judgment), so that the fault point is located in the section 3.
Based on the positioning process, the configuration mode of the measurement points used by the method comprises the following principles:
(1) measuring points need to be configured on the secondary side of the distribution transformer at the tail end of the long branch, and the short branch can be selected not to be installed under the condition of meeting the positioning accuracy;
(2) for a feeder without branch in a large range, in order to meet positioning accuracy, a measuring point should be properly configured on the secondary side of a distribution transformer directly connected to a main line.
In conclusion, the method and the device can accurately and effectively realize the positioning of the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network, and the positioning effect is less influenced by the fault resistance and the fault distance neutral point grounding mode and is not influenced by the fault type. The voltage measuring point is positioned on the low-voltage side, so that the installation, operation and maintenance costs are low, and the ferromagnetic resonance risk is favorably reduced. Because the sensitivity difference of the same characteristic quantity to different fault types in different grounding mode systems is larger, the existing method mostly adopts single characteristic quantity to realize the positioning of various types of faults of various systems, and larger errors can occur in the positioning precision.
Claims (6)
1. A medium-voltage distribution network fault section positioning method based on low-voltage side characteristic voltage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a transformer connection mode and a fault type;
s2, acquiring voltage phasors of each measuring point at the low-voltage side and calculating corresponding characteristic voltages based on the transformer connection mode and the fault type;
s3, obtaining a suspicious fault path according to the maximum value of the characteristic voltage, and segmenting the suspicious fault path;
s4, calculating the characteristic current corresponding to each section according to the characteristic voltage at the two ends of each section in the suspicious fault path;
and S5, determining a fault section according to the difference of the characteristic current of the fault upstream and downstream.
2. The method for locating the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network based on the low-voltage side characteristic voltage is characterized in that the transformer coupling mode in the step S1 comprises Dyn11 and Yyn 0; the fault types include single-phase ground fault, two-phase short circuit ground and three-phase short circuit fault.
3. The method for locating the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network based on the low-voltage side characteristic voltage according to claim 2, wherein the specific method in the step S2 is as follows:
if the transformer is connected in a Dyn11 mode and the fault type is single-phase earth fault, the characteristic voltage is low-voltage side negative sequence voltage;
if the connection mode of the transformer is Yyn0 and the fault type is single-phase earth fault, the characteristic voltage is low-voltage side negative sequence voltage;
if the connection mode of the transformer is Dyn11 and the fault type is two-phase short circuit, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage side phase voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the connection mode of the transformer is Yyn0 and the fault type is two-phase short circuit, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage lateral line voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the transformer connection mode is Dyn11 and the fault type is two-phase short circuit grounding, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage side phase voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the transformer is connected in the Yyn0 mode and the fault type is two-phase short circuit grounding, the characteristic voltage is the low-voltage lateral line voltage corresponding to the fault phase;
if the transformer is connected in a Dyn11 mode and the fault type is a three-phase short-circuit fault, the characteristic voltage is any phase voltage at the low-voltage side;
if the transformer is connected in the Yyn0 mode and the fault type is a three-phase short-circuit fault, the characteristic voltage is any phase voltage on the low-voltage side.
4. The method for locating the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network based on the low-voltage side characteristic voltage is characterized in that the specific method of the step S3 comprises the following sub-steps:
s3-1, determining a corresponding topology according to the structure of the power distribution network, and acquiring nodes in the power distribution network;
s3-2, obtaining a node where the maximum value of the characteristic voltage in the power distribution network is located, and taking a path between the node where the maximum value of the characteristic voltage is located and the transformer substation as a suspicious fault path;
s3-3, taking a node with a branch and a low-voltage measuring point in the branch as a segment dividing point;
s3-4, taking the path between two adjacent segment dividing points in the suspected fault path as a segment, and completing the segmentation of the suspected fault path.
5. The method for locating the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network based on the low-voltage side characteristic voltage according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the step S4 comprises the following sub-steps:
s4-1, acquiring low-voltage side negative sequence voltage or low-voltage side phase voltage at the distribution transformer according to the voltage transmission rule of the distribution transformer;
s4-2, acquiring the characteristic voltage value of each section end point in the suspicious fault path: for an end point with a direct-connected transformer and a measuring point at the low-voltage side, the characteristic voltage of the end point is the characteristic voltage of the measuring point; for the end point without the direct-connection transformer, the characteristic voltage of the end point is replaced by the characteristic voltage value of the end point of the node branch circuit;
s4-3, according to the formula:
I C ＝|ΔU/Z C |
obtaining a characteristic current I of a section C C (ii) a Wherein, the delta U is the characteristic voltage phase difference of two end points of the section C; z C The line impedance value for section C.
6. The method for locating the fault section of the medium-voltage distribution network based on the low-voltage side characteristic voltage is characterized in that the specific method in the step S4-1 is as follows:
according to the formula:
acquiring a low-voltage side negative sequence voltage or a low-voltage side phase voltage of a Dyn11 type transformer;
or according to the formula:
acquiring a low-voltage side negative sequence voltage or a low-voltage side phase voltage of a Yyn0 type transformer;
wherein U' 1 、U′ 2 And U' 0 Is a low-side voltage sequence component; k is the transformer transformation ratio; u shape 1 、U 2 And U 0 Is the medium voltage side voltage sequence component; e is a natural constant; j is an imaginary unit; u' a 、U′ b And U' c The three-phase voltage at the low-voltage side is respectively; u shape a 、U b And U c Respectively, the three-phase voltage at the medium voltage side.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117406032A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-01-16 | 四川大学 | Early fault detection and section positioning method for medium-voltage distribution network cable |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117406032A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-01-16 | 四川大学 | Early fault detection and section positioning method for medium-voltage distribution network cable |
| CN117406032B (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-03-26 | 四川大学 | Early fault detection and section positioning method for medium-voltage distribution network cable |
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