CN115107122B - 一种生物基缠绕复合板及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种生物基缠绕复合板及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN115107122B
CN115107122B CN202210631418.7A CN202210631418A CN115107122B CN 115107122 B CN115107122 B CN 115107122B CN 202210631418 A CN202210631418 A CN 202210631418A CN 115107122 B CN115107122 B CN 115107122B
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array layer
hole array
cylindrical
monomers
composite board
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CN115107122A (zh
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叶柃
翁赟
高昭
高宏兴
叶小明
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Zhonglin Xinzhou Bamboo Winding Development Co ltd
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Zhejiang Xinzhou Bamboo Based Composites Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于生物基缠绕材料技术领域，具体公开了一种生物基缠绕复合板及其制作方法，该复合板包括孔阵层、将所述孔阵层夹于中间的面板以及围合在所述孔阵层四周的侧板，所述面板与所述侧板连接形成封闭的长方体结构；所述孔阵层由多个筒状单体紧密连接形成，各所述单体两端分别与所述面板连接，所述单体采用生物基材料缠绕而成。本发明利用生物基缠绕的筒状单体排布成多孔的孔阵层，并将孔阵层封闭于长方体板块中，从而形成特殊的夹芯结构，在发挥生物基复合材料质轻、隔热、环保等优势的同时，得到自重小、强度大的结构，适用于搭建水陆两用架桥、军事防护设施、临时码头、水上工程平台、船舰甲板、房屋等，应用范围广。

Description

一种生物基缠绕复合板及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物基缠绕材料技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种生物基缠绕复合板及其制作方法。
背景技术
生物基缠绕材料是以竹、木材、麻、秸秆、芦苇等天然生物材料为基体，以树脂为胶黏剂，采用缠绕工艺制作而成的复合材料，这种工艺充分发挥了天然植物轴向拉伸性和抗弯曲性。生物基缠绕材料作为一种新材料，具有原料可再生、质轻高强、成本低、低碳节能、可降解、可循环利用等优势，其应用对人类社会的持续发展意义重大。近年来，随着竹缠绕复合管、竹缠绕管廊等产品相关技术的日益成熟，竹缠绕复合材料已在排水工程、石油化工等领域中逐步取代聚乙烯塑料、玻璃增强纤维塑料、钢筋混凝土、钢材、球墨铸铁等传统高能耗、高污染产品，应用前景广阔。
而目前水上浮动平台、交通运输设施、防护设施、建筑主体、房屋等仍主要以金属材料、钢筋混凝土制作而成，金属材料和钢筋混凝土结构强度高，抗压能力强，但它们存在资源不可再生、能耗高、质量重、易腐蚀、易传热、绝缘性能差、施工不便、成本高等缺点。如何将绿色环保、原料可再生、质量轻的生物基缠绕材料应用于工程建设、交通运输等对材料强度有较高要求的领域是目前亟待解决的难题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种生物基缠绕复合板及其制作方法，旨在解决目前搭建房屋、水上平台等建筑物所采用的金属材料、钢筋混凝土存在资源不可再生、能耗高、质量重、成本高等问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种生物基缠绕复合板，包括孔阵层、将所述孔阵层夹于中间的面板以及围合在所述孔阵层四周的侧板，所述面板与所述侧板连接形成封闭的长方体结构；
所述孔阵层由多个筒状单体紧密连接形成，各所述单体两端分别与所述面板连接，所述单体采用生物基材料缠绕而成。
优选地，所述单体横截面为圆形或多边形。
优选地，各所述单体之间通过胶黏剂胶接。
优选地，所述面板与所述侧板之间通过胶黏剂胶接，所述孔阵层上下表面与所述面板之间通过胶黏剂胶接，所述孔阵层侧面与所述侧板之间通过胶黏剂胶接。
优选地，所述胶黏剂包括树脂、橡胶和硅胶中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述胶黏剂还包括复合碳纤维毡、玻纤毡和竹纤维毡中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述单体外表面设置有第一防护层，所述第一防护层采用防腐防水材料。
优选地，所述生物基材料为竹、麻、木材、秸秆和芦苇中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述面板和所述侧板采用重组板，所述面板和所述侧板的外表面设置有第二防护层，所述第二防护层采用重组板专用防护材料。
按照本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种上述生物基缠绕复合板的制作方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、将浸润树脂的生物基材料缠绕形成筒状，固化定型后得到单体；
S2、将多个单体排布于同一平面、外壁紧密连接形成孔阵层；
S3、将孔阵层的上下表面分别与两块面板连接，孔阵层的侧面分别与四块侧板连接，同时两块面板与四块侧板连接形成封闭的长方体结构，得到复合板。
优选地，所述单体为圆筒状；步骤S2中，将所述单体外壁沿其切线方向切出连接面，相邻两个所述单体通过所述连接面连接。
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的生物基缠绕复合板主要以植物为原材料，通过缠绕技术深加工而成。用生物基缠绕材料制作多孔结构孔阵层，再利用面板和侧板组合成夹芯结构，对孔阵层中的单体两端进行密封，能够提高在局部损坏时多孔结构的有效性，具有较好的抗形变性能。采用标准模块化设计，适用于公路、铁路、海运等多种途径运输，施工现场可自由组合拼接，形成不同规格尺寸的整体平台。
(2)本发明复合板在制作过程中，当单体采用圆筒状时，对圆筒状单体外壁加工连接面，增大相邻两个单体的连接面积，能够保证孔阵层粘接强度，形成承力结构，增加整体强度。
(3)本发明生物基缠绕复合板，相对传统金属材料、钢筋混凝土材料的结构，重量轻、绿色环保、耐腐蚀性能好、成本低，并且设计空间大、可自由组合，应用领域广。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的生物基缠绕复合板的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的孔阵层的俯视示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的孔阵层的侧视示意图；
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构，其中：
1-孔阵层，11-单体，12连接面；2-面板；3-侧板；4-胶黏剂层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，本发明提供的一种生物基缠绕复合板，包括孔阵层1、面板2和侧板3，两块面板2将孔阵层1夹于中间，四块侧板3围合在孔阵层1四周，两块面板2与四块侧板3连接形成封闭的长方体结构；孔阵层1由多个筒状单体11紧密连接形成，各单体11两端分别与面板2连接，单体11采用生物基材料缠绕而成。这里应当理解的是，面板2和侧板3也可以组装成长、宽、高均相等的长方体，即正方体结构。
本发明复合板中的孔阵层包括多个相互紧密连接的生物基缠绕单体，形成整体承力结构，降低了结构整体重量、增加了抗压抗剪能力。上下面板起到复合板的均衡受力；侧板起到了增加复合板内部封闭空间，增加复合板浮力，同时起到便于安装的作用；孔阵层中各单体为全封闭形式，能够减少局部受损时对整体功能的影响。该生物基缠绕多孔结构的复合板，充分发挥了生物基复合材料质轻高强、隔热、防震的材质优势和多孔形式的结构优势，比强度大，在满足应用需求前提下，可有效降低结构体本身的自重，在防护设施、建筑主体、房屋建设等工程建设领域具有广阔的应用前景。
其中，单体11横截面可加工成圆形或多边形等多种形状，当单体11横截面为圆形、菱形或正多边形时，更方便加工与组装，连接更紧凑。优选地，各单体11的轴线均与面板2垂直，且单体11的端面与面板2表面平行，这样连接更牢固，使得复合板强度更高。
本发明复合板的各部件之间，即孔阵层1与面板2之间、孔阵层1与侧板3之间、面板2与侧板3之间以及各单体11之间，可采用胶接、铆接、螺接及复合连接等多种连接方式，在此不做特殊限定。可选地，各单体11之间通过胶黏剂胶接。同时，面板2与侧板3之间也可通过胶黏剂胶接，孔阵层1的上下表面分别与两块面板2之间通过胶黏剂胶接，孔阵层1的侧面与侧板3之间通过胶黏剂胶接。
本发明涉及的胶黏剂可仅采用树脂、橡胶和硅胶中的一种或多种，例如但不限于Pu胶(聚氨酯树脂)、环氧树脂、硅橡胶等弹性密封胶。另外，胶黏剂还可以将树脂、橡胶、硅胶混合复合碳纤维毡、玻纤毡、竹纤维毡等材料同时使用。
一些实施例中，所述生物基材料为竹、麻、木材、秸秆和芦苇中的一种或多种，绿色环保，资源可再生。
一些实施例中，在单体11外表面设置有第一防护层，该第一防护层采用防腐防水材料，该防腐防水材料例如但不限于环氧树脂、聚脲等材料。
一些实施例中，面板2和侧板3宜采用强度较高的重组板，例如重组竹板、重组木板等，以提高复合板的整体强度。进一步地，在面板2和侧板3的外表面涂覆重组板专用防护漆、防护油等作为第二防护层，以增强其防腐、防水性能。
本发明中的单体11的内径宜不超过3m，壁厚不小于1mm，其长度可灵活设计。面板2的厚度宜不小于1mm，以保证复合板轴向压缩承载，面板2的长宽和侧板3的尺寸可以根据实际需要进行设计。
另一方面，本发明还提供一种上述生物基缠绕复合板的制作方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、将浸润树脂的生物基材料缠绕形成筒状，固化定型后得到单体11，进一步可在该单体11外表面喷涂防腐防水材料；
S2、将多个单体11排布于同一平面、外壁紧密连接形成孔阵层1；
S3、将孔阵层1的上下表面分别与两块面板2连接，孔阵层1的侧面分别与四块侧板3连接，同时两块面板2与四块侧板3连接形成封闭的长方体结构，固定成形后得到复合板，并且可在复合板外表面整体涂覆防护漆或防护油。
作为优选实施例，在复合板的制作过程中，所涉及的连接均采用胶接方式，粘接牢固，操作方便，成本低。具体地，所采用的胶黏剂可包含树脂、橡胶或硅胶等一些环境友好型材料。
在一个优选实施例中，步骤S1中，将单体11加工成圆筒状；步骤S2中，孔阵层1中各单体11呈阵列排布，将单体11外壁沿其切线方向切出连接面12，相邻两个单体11通过连接面12连接。当各单体11采用胶接方式进行连接时，在相邻两个单体11的连接面12上涂抹胶黏剂，从而实现将两者胶黏在一起。连接面12的宽度可设置在10mm～40mm范围内为宜，在增大连接面积的同时使得相邻单体11之间连接处保留一定厚度。该连接面12的设计保证了孔阵层1的粘接强度以及整体受力时相互间力的传递。
以下结合具体实施例，对上述技术方案详细说明。
如图1所示，本实施例提供的生物基缠绕复合板包括孔阵层1、两块面板2和四块侧板3，孔阵层1位于上下两块面板2之间且与之平行，面板2和侧板3围合成一个长方体，孔阵层1位于该长方体内部，孔阵层1上下表面与面板2胶接，其侧面与侧板3胶接。其中，孔阵层1包括多个阵列排布的圆筒状单体11，各单体11之间胶接。
单体11为竹缠绕管体，管体内径为300mm，壁厚为4mm，长度为1000mm。面板2和侧板3采用重组竹板。
该生物基缠绕复合板的具体制作过程如下：
(1)将浸润树脂的竹篾缠绕形成圆筒状，固化定型后切割成1000mm长，制备得到单体11，在该单体11外表面喷涂环氧树脂进行防护。
(2)利用刨床将各单体11外壁每转动90度沿切线方向切出一个宽度为20mm的平面，从而在每个单体11上形成四个连接面12，将多个单体11阵列排布，每相邻两个单体11外壁通过连接面12胶接，形成孔阵层1。
(3)将两块面板2相对的表面涂胶黏剂形成胶黏剂层4，分别与孔阵层1的上下表面胶接，同样地，将四块侧板3的相对面涂胶黏剂，分别与孔阵层1的四个侧面胶接，同时面板2与侧板3也胶接形成长方体，加热加压固化，通过重物挤压或压机等方式对粘接表面施加压力，让粘接更牢固，更密实。本实施例中的胶黏剂采用Pu胶。待生物基缠绕复合板固化成型后，使用重组板专用防护漆对复合板表面进行喷涂，增强防腐、防水性能。
经测试，本实施例制作的生物基缠绕复合板每平方米轴向压缩承载≥15t。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种生物基缠绕复合板，其特征在于：包括孔阵层(1)、将所述孔阵层(1)夹于中间的两块面板(2)以及围合在所述孔阵层(1)四周的四块侧板(3)，所述面板(2)与所述侧板(3)连接形成封闭的长方体结构；
所述孔阵层(1)由多个筒状单体(11)紧密连接形成，各所述筒状单体(11)两端分别与所述面板(2)连接；对于各所述筒状单体(11)而言，它是将浸润树脂的生物基材料缠绕形成筒状，然后固化定型形成，并且所述孔阵层(1)中各所述筒状单体(11)为全封闭形式，所述生物基材料为竹、麻、木材、秸秆和芦苇中的一种或多种；多个所述筒状单体(11)排布于同一平面且外壁沿其切线方向切出连接面(12)，相邻两个所述筒状单体(11)通过该连接面(12)紧密连接，由此形成呈多孔结构的所述孔阵层(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物基缠绕复合板，其特征在于：各所述筒状单体(11)横截面为圆形或多边形。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物基缠绕复合板，其特征在于：各所述筒状单体(11)之间通过胶黏剂胶接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物基缠绕复合板，其特征在于：所述面板(2)与所述侧板(3)之间通过胶黏剂胶接，所述孔阵层(1)上、下端面与所述面板(2)之间通过胶黏剂胶接，所述孔阵层(1)侧面与所述侧板(3)之间通过胶黏剂胶接。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的生物基缠绕复合板，其特征在于：所述胶黏剂包括树脂、橡胶和硅胶中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的生物基缠绕复合板，其特征在于：所述筒状单体(11)外表面设置有第一防护层，所述第一防护层采用防腐防水材料。
7.一种根据权利要求1-6任一所述的生物基缠绕复合板的制作方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1、将浸润树脂的生物基材料缠绕形成筒状，固化定型后得到所述单体(11)；
S2、将多个所述单体(11)排布于同一平面、外壁紧密连接形成所述孔阵层(1)；
S3、将所述孔阵层(1)的上、下表面分别与两块所述面板(2)连接，所述孔阵层(1)的侧面分别与四块所述侧板(3)连接，同时两块所述面板(2)与四块所述侧板(3)连接形成封闭的长方体结构，得到复合板。
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