CN115101940A - Spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna, antenna array and conversion system - Google Patents
Spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna, antenna array and conversion system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115101940A CN115101940A CN202210669344.6A CN202210669344A CN115101940A CN 115101940 A CN115101940 A CN 115101940A CN 202210669344 A CN202210669344 A CN 202210669344A CN 115101940 A CN115101940 A CN 115101940A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna, an antenna array and a conversion system, wherein the antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate, a radiation layer, a ground plate and a coaxial cable, wherein the radiation layer and the ground plate are respectively laid on the upper side and the lower side of the first dielectric substrate, and the radiation layer is a Chinese character 'wang' patch formed by four open-loop resonators back to back; a feed hole which is communicated up and down is formed in the first dielectric substrate, the feed hole is positioned in the center of the radiation layer, a feed layer is laid on the inner wall of the feed hole, and the feed layer is electrically connected with the radiation layer; the grounding plate is provided with an avoidance position close to the feed hole. The inverted-V-shaped radiation layer is formed by the four open-loop resonators back to back, so that the antenna structure integrally has the properties of a single-negative magnetic metamaterial, has good directivity, wide frequency band and small standing-wave ratio, is convenient for impedance matching, can collect electromagnetic energy of more frequency bands, is easy to form impedance matching with a rectification amplification circuit, and meets the requirement of collecting electromagnetic energy in space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna, an antenna array and a conversion system.
Background
With the development of modern society, the technology of internet of things has been developed, the related industry range is also expanded from the traditional logistics industry and retail industry to the meteorological industry, industrial industry, agriculture and medical industry, and even the technology of smart home, automatic driving and the like is built on the basis of the internet of things. As a basic device in the internet of things system, a wireless sensor needs to be able to operate stably for a long time. For a complex and large wireless sensor network, the problem of energy supply of each wireless sensor node is an urgent problem to be solved.
Battery power supply is the most common power supply mode, but wireless sensor node dispersion has the problem that the change degree of difficulty is big, the cost of labor is high and change inefficiency when needing to maintain the change. Therefore, energy collection from the environment is a hot spot in research, and electromagnetic energy collection from space is a non-negligible environmental energy collection technology. The method is that electromagnetic signals in a space are collected through an antenna, then the electromagnetic energy is converted into alternating current, and the alternating current is converted into direct current through steps of rectification, amplification and the like to supply power to the sensor. As the living space is filled with electromagnetic energy of different frequency bands, the collection of the electromagnetic energy can be completed anywhere. The method is green and pollution-free, reduces the discharge amount of carbon dioxide and chemical substances in the battery, and protects the environment.
However, in the process of implementing the technical solution of the invention in the embodiments of the present application, the inventors of the present application find that the above-mentioned technology has at least the following problems:
the existing antenna for collecting electromagnetic energy is mostly large in size, is not beneficial to field installation, influences the use of the wireless sensor, is not high in energy collection efficiency, and cannot guarantee stable work of the wireless sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, and the invention aims to be realized by the following technical scheme:
the spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate, a radiation layer, a connecting floor and a coaxial cable, wherein the radiation layer is laid on the upper side of the first dielectric substrate and is a Chinese character 'wang' patch formed by four open-loop resonators in a back-to-back mode; the first dielectric substrate is provided with a feed hole which is communicated up and down, the feed hole is positioned at the central position of the radiation layer, the inner wall of the feed hole is laid with the feed layer, and the feed layer is electrically connected with the radiation layer; the grounding plate is laid on the lower side of the first dielectric substrate, and an avoidance position is arranged at the position, close to the feed hole, of the grounding plate; the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected with the feed layer, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected with the grounding plate.
Furthermore, the first dielectric substrate is a rectangular plate made of FR4 material, and the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate is 4.4.
Furthermore, the grounding plate is a copper sheet as large as the first dielectric substrate, and the thickness of the grounding plate is 0.017 mm.
Further, the coaxial cable is connected with the SMA connector, and the SMA connector is an N female connector.
The invention also discloses an antenna array with any one of the metamaterial antennas, which comprises a second dielectric substrate and a combiner, wherein the metamaterial antenna array is arranged on the upper side of the second dielectric substrate, the combiner is laid on the lower side of the second dielectric substrate, through holes are formed in the second dielectric substrate, the through holes correspond to the feed holes one by one, and the feed layer penetrates through the through holes and is electrically connected with the combiner.
The invention also discloses a conversion system with the antenna array, which comprises a matching circuit, a rectifying circuit and an electric energy management circuit, wherein the antenna array is electrically connected with the matching circuit, the rectifying circuit is electrically connected with the matching circuit, and the electric energy management circuit is electrically connected with the rectifying circuit.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
the inverted-V-shaped radiation layer is formed by the four open-loop resonators back to back, so that the antenna structure is integrally made to have the property of a single-negative magnetic metamaterial, the directivity is good, the frequency band is wide, the standing-wave ratio is small, and the impedance matching is facilitated, so that electromagnetic energy of more frequency bands can be collected, the impedance matching is easily formed with a rectification amplification circuit, and the requirement of collecting space electromagnetic energy is met.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention in a non-limiting sense.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial antenna in embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a metamaterial antenna in embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a metamaterial antenna in embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of amplitude values of S11 and S21 parameters of a metamaterial antenna in example 1 of the present application;
fig. 5 is a graph of effective dielectric constant of the metamaterial antenna in accordance with the embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph of effective permeability of a metamaterial antenna according to example 1 of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic front view of an antenna array according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an opposite side of an antenna array in embodiment 2 of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conversion system according to embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 10 is a structure diagram of a matching circuit in embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 11 is a structural diagram of a rectifier circuit in embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 12 is a structural diagram of a power management circuit according to embodiment 3 of the present application.
In the drawings, there is shown: 1. a radiation layer; 2. a first dielectric substrate; 3. a ground plate; 31. avoiding the position; 4, a feed hole; 5. a feed layer; 6. a second dielectric substrate; 7. a combiner.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the above technical solutions, the following detailed descriptions will be made in conjunction with the drawings and the detailed description of the present specification, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention aims to provide a metamaterial antenna for collecting spatial electromagnetic energy, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, and the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a radiation layer 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a ground plate 3 and a coaxial cable (not shown). The radiation layer 1 is a copper metal layer laid on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 2, the radiation layer 1 is a Chinese character 'wang' structure formed by four open-loop resonators back to back, and the radiation layer 1 is located at the center of the first dielectric substrate 2. The first dielectric substrate 2 is a rectangular plate made of FR4 material, the first dielectric substrate 2 is provided with a feed hole 4 which is through from top to bottom, the feed hole 4 is located at the center of the radiation layer 1, the inner wall of the feed hole 4 is plated with a conductive feed layer 5, and the feed layer 5 is connected with the radiation layer 1. The grounding plate 3 is a copper sheet laid on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 2, and an avoiding position 31 is arranged at the position, close to the feed hole 4, of the grounding plate 3, so that the grounding plate 3 is not connected with the feed layer 5. The inner conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected with the feed layer 5, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected with the grounding plate 3, the other end of the coaxial cable is connected with the SMA connector, and the SMA connector is an N female connector. And feeding of the metamaterial antenna is realized.
Specifically, the length of the radiation layer 1 is 28.98mm, the width of the radiation layer is 28mm, the gap at the opening of the radiation layer is 2mm, the width of the microstrip line of the radiation layer 1 is 7.02mm, and the lengths of the microstrip line at two sides of the radiation layer 1 are respectively 8mm, 14mm and 8mm from top to bottom; the length of the first dielectric substrate 2 is 57.96mm, the width is 28mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 4.4; the radius of the feed hole 4 is 0.6 mm; the length of the grounding plate 3 is 57.96mm, the width is 28mm, the thickness is 0.017mm, and the evasion position 31 is a circle with the radius of 1.6 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the equivalent circuit of the metamaterial antenna according to the embodiment of the present application is a two-loop mirror symmetric design, and this type of design can make the antenna exhibit metamaterial properties, so that the antenna with the metamaterial properties is beneficial to miniaturization and gain improvement of the antenna.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the amplitude of the input return loss S11 and the forward transmission coefficient S21 of the metamaterial antenna according to the embodiment of the present application. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the resonant frequency of the metamaterial antenna is 2.45GHz, and a wide bandwidth is provided near the resonant frequency. Therefore, the metamaterial antenna has good characteristics, can effectively collect electromagnetic waves in a communication frequency band, and meets the requirement of a wireless energy-taking device on electromagnetic energy collection.
Fig. 5 is a graph illustrating an effective dielectric constant of a metamaterial antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The data are derived through the former S11 and S21 parameters, and then the two parameters are inverted through MATLAB software by a Smith algorithm, so that the effective dielectric constant curve of the antenna is successfully obtained. In fig. 5, the solid line represents the real part and the broken line represents the imaginary part. It is apparent that the imaginary part of the effective dielectric constant is negative around 2.45 GHz.
Fig. 6 is a graph of effective permeability of a metamaterial antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. Similar to the previous method, after inversion of the Smith algorithm, the effective permeability curve of the antenna is successfully obtained. In fig. 6, the solid line represents the real part and the dotted line represents the imaginary part. It is evident that near 2.45GHz, the imaginary part of the effective permeability is negative.
According to the values of the effective dielectric constant and the effective magnetic permeability curve, the property that the antenna of the embodiment of the application accords with the metamaterial antenna can be obtained.
Specifically, the Smith algorithm is as follows:
μ＝n*Z
in the formula: n is the refractive index, Z is the wave impedance, k is the wave number, d is the thickness of the electromagnetic wave through the substrate, epsilon is the effective dielectric constant, and mu is the effective permeability. The effective dielectric constant and the effective magnetic permeability of the antenna can be inverted through the calculation of the formula.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, an antenna array having the metamaterial antenna includes a radiation layer 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a ground plate 3, a second dielectric substrate 6, and a combiner 7, which are sequentially disposed, 16 radiation layers 1 shaped like a Chinese character 'wang' are disposed on the first dielectric substrate 2 in a 4 × 4 array, feed holes 4 are formed in the radiation layer 1, the first dielectric substrate 2, the ground plate 3, and the second dielectric substrate 6, the feed holes 4 are in one-to-one correspondence with centers of the radiation layers 1, conductive feed layers 5 are plated in the feed holes 4, and the feed layers 5 realize electrical connection between the radiation layers 1 and the combiner 7. Wherein, the grounding plate 3 is provided with an avoiding position 31 at the feeding hole 4 to avoid the feeding layer 5 from being electrically connected with the grounding plate 3. The side of the antenna array is provided with a lead-out port, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected with the combiner 7, the outer conductor is connected with the grounding plate 3, the collected energy is combined, and the combined energy is output from the side of the antenna array.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 9, a switching system having the antenna array includes a matching circuit, a rectifying circuit, an electric energy management circuit and a load, the antenna array is electrically connected to the matching circuit, the rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the matching circuit, the electric energy management circuit is electrically connected to the rectifying circuit, and the load is electrically connected to the electric energy management circuit.
As shown in fig. 10, the matching circuit adopts a double-branch structure. The double-branch structure is not limited to a single matching path, but countless matching paths can realize the matching from the initial impedance to the target impedance. This also makes it a certain advantage in flexibility of element parameter selection and operating bandwidth.
As shown in fig. 11, the rectifier circuit employs a single-stage voltage doubler rectifier circuit. Its conversion efficiency is higher and the output is twice of half-wave rectification structure. Meanwhile, the overall output voltage is twice of the input voltage, and low-voltage energy can be better collected.
As shown in fig. 12, the power management circuit employs a TPS6120 low input voltage synchronous boost converter. And connecting the input port of the chip with the output port of the rectifying circuit. At low load currents, the converter can be switched to a power-saving mode, and high efficiency is kept in a large load current range. When the direct current voltage output by the rectifying circuit reaches the lowest threshold value of the input end of the chip, the chip is started, the C2 is charged through the direct current booster circuit in the chip, and when Vout is larger than 1.8V, the OUT port starts discharging until Vout drops to the stop voltage and stops discharging. Can be used for battery power.
The purpose of the matching circuit is to make the characteristic impedance of the transmission line equal to the equivalent load impedance, to achieve maximum energy transfer, and thus to maximize the transfer of the collected energy to the load side. The rectification circuit is responsible for converting the high-frequency alternating current small signal into direct current electric energy with higher voltage. Because the ambient radio frequency energy is usually at a low energy level and cannot be used for a load to continuously work for a long time, the collected electric energy needs to be stored in an energy storage element, such as a super capacitor or a lithium battery, through an electric energy management circuit, and appropriate management is performed to enable the load to periodically work.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
the inverted-V-shaped radiation layer is formed by the four open-loop resonators back to back, so that the antenna structure is integrally made to have the property of a single-negative magnetic metamaterial, the directivity is good, the frequency band is wide, the standing-wave ratio is small, and the impedance matching is facilitated, so that electromagnetic energy of more frequency bands can be collected, the impedance matching is easily formed with a rectification amplification circuit, and the requirement of collecting space electromagnetic energy is met.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as exemplary only and not as a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be discussed further in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the case of not making a reverse description, these directional terms do not indicate and imply that the device or element so indicated must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and unless otherwise stated, the terms have no special meaning, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Space electromagnetic energy collects metamaterial antenna, including first dielectric substrate, radiation layer, ground plate and coaxial cable, its characterized in that: the radiation layer is laid on the upper side of the first dielectric substrate and is a Chinese character 'wang' patch formed by four open-loop resonators in a back-to-back mode; a feed hole which is communicated up and down is formed in the first dielectric substrate, the feed hole is located in the center of the radiation layer, a feed layer is laid on the inner wall of the feed hole, and the feed layer is electrically connected with the radiation layer; the grounding plate is laid on the lower side of the first dielectric substrate, and an avoidance position is arranged at the position, close to the feed hole, of the grounding plate; the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected with the feed layer, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected with the grounding plate.
2. The spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate is a rectangular sheet of FR4 material, and the first dielectric substrate has a relative dielectric constant of 4.4.
3. The spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground plate is a copper sheet as large as the first dielectric substrate, and a thickness of the ground plate is 0.017 mm.
4. The spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna of claim 1, wherein the coaxial cable is connected with an SMA joint, the SMA joint being an N-female joint.
5. An antenna array having the metamaterial antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a second dielectric substrate and a combiner, wherein the metamaterial antenna array is disposed on the upper side of the second dielectric substrate, the combiner is laid on the lower side of the second dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate is provided with through holes, the through holes are in one-to-one correspondence with the feed holes, and the feed layer passes through the through holes and is electrically connected with the combiner.
6. The switching system having the antenna array of claim 5, comprising a matching circuit, a rectifying circuit, and a power management circuit, wherein the antenna array is electrically connected to the matching circuit, the rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the matching, and the power management circuit is electrically connected to the rectifying circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210669344.6A CN115101940A (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna, antenna array and conversion system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210669344.6A CN115101940A (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Spatial electromagnetic energy collection metamaterial antenna, antenna array and conversion system |
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