CN115095406A - Engine lubricating system, engine and control method - Google Patents
Engine lubricating system, engine and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115095406A CN115095406A CN202210724588.XA CN202210724588A CN115095406A CN 115095406 A CN115095406 A CN 115095406A CN 202210724588 A CN202210724588 A CN 202210724588A CN 115095406 A CN115095406 A CN 115095406A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 270
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010729 system oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/16—Controlling lubricant pressure or quantity
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
An engine lubrication system, an engine, and a control method are provided herein. The engine lubrication system comprises an oil pump; the first oil duct is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump; the cylinder body main oil gallery is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump; the control valve is arranged between the oil outlet and the main oil duct of the cylinder body and is electrically connected with the controller; wherein the controller is configured to adjust an opening degree of the control valve so that the cylinder main gallery reaches a target oil pressure. The engine lubricating system realizes indirect control of the oil pressure of the first oil duct by controlling the oil pressure of the main oil duct of the cylinder body, reduces the requirements on the performance of an oil pump, and can also realize accurate control of the oil pressure of each oil-using component in the lubricating system.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to, but not limited to, the field of vehicle technologies, and in particular, to an engine lubrication system, an engine, and a control method.
Background
In a traditional engine lubricating system, a cylinder main oil passage is not limited, and oil pressure is controlled by a supercharger and a Variable Valve Timing (VVT) under the control of a two-stage variable displacement oil pump, so that the oil pressure exceeds the requirement under partial working conditions of the cylinder main oil passage, but the supercharger and the VVT cannot meet the requirement, and the performance of the two-stage variable displacement oil pump needs to be additionally improved in order to solve the contradiction.
The above description is included in the technical recognition scope of the inventors, and does not necessarily constitute the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide an engine lubricating system, an engine and a control method. The engine lubricating system realizes indirect control of the oil pressure of the first oil duct by controlling the oil pressure of the main oil duct of the cylinder body, reduces the requirements on the performance of an oil pump, and can also realize accurate control of the oil pressure of each oil-using component in the lubricating system.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application is as follows:
an engine lubrication system comprising:
an oil pump;
the first oil duct is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump;
the cylinder body main oil gallery is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump; and
the control valve is arranged between the oil outlet and the main oil duct of the cylinder body and is electrically connected with the controller;
wherein the controller is configured to adjust an opening degree of the control valve so that the cylinder main gallery reaches a target oil pressure.
The control valve is arranged between the oil outlet and the cylinder main oil duct, and the opening of the control valve is adjusted by the controller, so that the cylinder main oil duct reaches a target oil pressure, the indirect control of the oil pressure of the first oil duct is realized, the oil pressures of the cylinder main oil duct and the first oil duct both meet the design requirement, the requirement on the performance of the oil pump is integrally reduced, and the accurate control of the oil pressure of each oil consumption part in the lubricating system can be realized.
In some exemplary embodiments, the opening degree of the control valve is changed from small to large during a change in the engine load from small to large.
In the process of changing the engine load from small to large, the displacement of the engine oil pump is changed from small to large, and the opening of the control valve is controlled to change from small to large, so that the oil pressure requirement of the first oil passage is continuously ensured, and a stable lubricating effect is obtained.
In some exemplary embodiments, the engine lubrication system further comprises a pressure sensor electrically connected to the controller and configured to detect an oil pressure of the main oil gallery of the cylinder block and notify the controller;
and when the controller judges that the oil pressure of the main oil duct of the cylinder body is not equal to the target oil pressure, the controller adjusts the opening of the control valve.
The oil pressure of the main oil gallery of the cylinder body is detected in real time by arranging the pressure sensor, so that the controller adjusts the opening of the control valve in real time according to the obtained real-time oil pressure value, and the oil pressure of the main oil gallery of the cylinder body is ensured to be the target oil pressure.
In some exemplary embodiments, the control valve is a solenoid throttle valve.
The control valve is set as an electromagnetic throttle valve to realize stepless continuous accurate adjustment of the oil pressure of the main oil duct of the cylinder body, so that the oil pressure of each oil using component is accurately controlled.
In some exemplary embodiments, the engine lubrication system further comprises a second oil passage in communication with an oil outlet of the oil pump; and
and the fixed throttle valve is arranged between the oil outlet and the second oil duct and used for limiting the oil pressure of the second oil duct.
Through setting up the second oil duct to the realization is to the accurate subdivision of engine lubricating system internal oil consumption part oil pressure, with the fuel economy who improves the engine.
In some exemplary embodiments, the first oil passage comprises at least one of an oil passage of a supercharger, an oil passage of a variable valve timing system.
The first oil passage is provided as at least one of an oil passage of the supercharger and an oil passage of the variable valve timing system to meet the oil pressure requirements of the supercharger and the variable valve timing system.
An engine fitted with an engine lubrication system as described in any one of the above embodiments.
An oil pressure control method of an engine lubrication system is applied to the engine lubrication system in any one of the embodiments; the control method comprises the following steps: and setting a target oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery according to the load of the engine, and adjusting the opening of the control valve through closed-loop control to enable the cylinder main oil gallery to reach the target oil pressure.
The oil pressure of the main oil gallery of the cylinder body is subjected to closed-loop control, so that the oil pressure of each oil-consuming part in the lubricating system is accurately controlled.
In some exemplary embodiments, the oil pump is a variable-flow oil pump, and the control method further includes: and adjusting the flow of the oil pump according to the load of the engine to change the oil pressure of an oil outlet of the oil pump.
The flow of the oil pump is adjusted according to the load of the engine so as to change the oil pressure of an oil outlet of the oil pump, thereby realizing secondary adjustment of the oil pressure in the lubricating system, reducing the performance loss of the oil pump and improving the utilization rate of energy.
In some exemplary embodiments, the control method further includes: and controlling the oil pressure of the first oil channel to be more than or equal to that of the cylinder body main oil channel, and controlling the oil pressure of the cylinder body main oil channel to be more than or equal to that of the second oil channel.
The oil pressure control device can control oil pressures of different grades to meet the oil pressure requirements of different oil consumption parts and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy.
Other aspects will be apparent upon reading and understanding the attached drawings and detailed description.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art engine lubrication system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an engine lubrication system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of controlling oil pressure in an engine lubrication system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present application.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1-an oil pump, 2-a first oil channel, 21-a supercharger oil channel, 22-a variable valve timing system oil channel, 3-a cylinder body main oil channel, 4-a control valve, 5-a controller, 6-a second oil channel, 7-a fixed throttle valve, 8-a pressure sensor, 9-an oil filter and 10-an oil cooler.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of an existing engine lubrication system, the existing cylinder main oil gallery 3 is not limited, and the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3, the supercharger oil gallery 21 and the variable valve timing system oil gallery 22 are controlled by the oil pump 1 at the same time, which may cause the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 to exceed the requirement under some working conditions, but the supercharger oil gallery 21 and the variable valve timing system oil gallery 22 may not meet the requirement, and in order to solve the contradiction, the performance of the oil pump 1 needs to be additionally improved.
In one embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 2, an engine lubrication system is provided. The engine lubrication system includes an oil pump 1, a first oil gallery 2, and a cylinder main oil gallery 3. The first oil duct 2 is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump 1. The cylinder body main oil gallery 3 is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump 1. The engine lubricating system further comprises a control valve 4, wherein the control valve 4 is arranged between an oil outlet of the engine oil pump 1 and the cylinder body main oil gallery 3 and can control the amount of engine oil flowing into the cylinder body main oil gallery 3. The control valve 4 is electrically connected with a controller 5 of the engine lubrication system, and the controller 5 is used for controlling and adjusting the opening of the control valve 4 so as to control the oil pressure in the cylinder main oil gallery 3, so that the cylinder main oil gallery 3 reaches a target oil pressure, and the indirect control of the oil pressure of the first oil gallery 2 can be realized, so that the oil pressures of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 and the first oil gallery 2 both meet the design requirements.
When the engine is in a low-speed low-load working state, the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is often excessive, the first oil gallery 2 is often insufficient in oil pressure, closed-loop limitation on the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is achieved by arranging the control valve 4, and therefore the requirement for the oil pressure of the first oil gallery 2 is met, intelligent distribution of engine oil pressure is achieved, and accurate control on the oil pressure of each oil-consuming part in a lubricating system is achieved. The requirement on the performance of the oil pump 1 can be reduced on the whole, and the overall fuel economy of the engine is improved.
In some example embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the first oil passage 2 may be provided as only the supercharger oil passage 21, or as only the variable valve timing system oil passage 22, or as two oil passages including the supercharger oil passage 21 and the variable valve timing system oil passage 22. The supercharger oil passage 21 and the variable valve timing system oil passage 22 both belong to high-pressure oil passages in an engine lubricating system, the cylinder body main oil passage 3 is changed into a medium-pressure oil passage by arranging the control valve 4, the oil pressure of the cylinder body main oil passage 3 is limited according to different working conditions of the engine by adjusting the opening degree of the control valve 4, so that the oil pressure requirement of the first oil passage 2, namely the high-pressure oil passage, can be met, meanwhile, the power consumption of the oil pump 1 can be reduced, and the lubricating cost is reduced.
In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the engine lubrication system further comprises a second oil passage 6. The second oil passage 6 is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump 1. The second oil duct 6 can be set as a cylinder cover oil duct and belongs to a low-pressure oil duct. The engine lubricating system further comprises a fixed throttle valve 7, the fixed throttle valve 7 is arranged between an oil outlet of the oil pump 1 and the second oil channel 6, the amount of oil flowing into the second oil channel 6 can be controlled, and the oil pressure of the second oil channel 6 can be limited by the fixed throttle valve 7, so that the second oil channel 6 can obtain stable oil pressure.
The first oil gallery 2, the cylinder main oil gallery 3 and the second oil gallery 6 can meet the requirements of different oil pressures in different oil areas in an engine lubricating system. For example, when the engine is in a low-speed and low-load stage, the opening degree of the control valve 4 is controlled by the controller 5, and the pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is accurately controlled to reach a target value. If the pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is controlled to be 50kPa, the pressure of the first oil gallery 2 is controlled to be 100kPa by the oil pump 1. When the engine is in a medium-speed and medium-load stage, the opening of the control valve 4 is controlled to be increased through the controller 5, and the pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is accurately controlled to reach a target value. If the pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is controlled to be 200kPa, the pressure of the first oil gallery 2 is controlled to be 320kPa by the oil pump 1. When the engine is in a high-speed and high-load stage, the opening of the control valve 4 is controlled by the controller 5 to be further increased, and the pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is accurately controlled to reach a target value. If the pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is controlled to be 320kPa, the pressure of the first oil gallery 2 is controlled to be 320kPa by the oil pump 1. That is, when the engine load is changed from small to large, the controller 5 controls the opening degree of the control valve 4 to be changed from small to large so as to continuously secure the oil pressure of the first oil passage 2 to obtain a stable lubricating effect.
In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the engine lubrication system further includes a pressure sensor 8 electrically connected to the controller 5. The pressure sensor 8 may be installed inside the cylinder main oil gallery 3, or at an inlet of the cylinder main oil gallery 3, or at an outlet of the cylinder main oil gallery 3. The pressure sensor 8 is used for detecting the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 in real time and transmitting the detected pressure value to the controller 5 in real time. The controller 5 is internally provided with a register unit (not shown in the figure) and a comparison unit (not shown in the figure), the target oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is stored in the register unit of the controller 5 in advance, the pressure transmitted by the pressure sensor 8 can be compared with the target oil pressure by using the comparison unit, and when the controller 5 judges that the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is not equal to the target oil pressure, the opening of the control valve 4 is controlled and adjusted, so that the real-time control of the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 is realized, and the stability of the oil pressure in an engine lubricating system is ensured.
In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the control valve 4 may be provided as an electromagnetic throttle valve to achieve stepless continuous precise regulation of the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery 3 to achieve precise control of the oil pressure of each oil-using component of the engine lubrication system.
In some exemplary embodiments, the engine lubrication system further includes a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the oil in the block main oil gallery 3 in real time, and the detected temperature of the oil may be transmitted to the controller 5 in real time. The temperature threshold may be stored in the controller 5 in advance, and when the controller 5 determines that the received temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, the controller may control the alarm module (not shown in the figure) to issue an alarm prompt, which may be a sound or a pop-up window.
In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the engine lubrication system further includes an oil filter 9 and an oil cooler 10. The engine oil flows out from an oil outlet of the engine oil pump 1, sequentially flows into the engine oil cooler 10 and the engine oil filter 9, and then respectively flows into oil using parts such as the first oil duct 2, the cylinder main oil duct 3 and the second oil duct 6. The quality of the engine oil flowing into the engine lubrication system can be improved by the oil filter 9, and the cleanness of the interior of the oil component is improved.
In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the oil pump 1 may be configured as a two-stage variable displacement oil pump, so as to improve the accuracy of oil pressure control on various oil consumption components, and simultaneously reduce the waste of energy consumption of the oil pump 1, thereby improving the overall performance of the engine lubrication system as a whole. When the displacement of the oil pump 1 is high, and oil consumption components such as the first oil duct 2, the cylinder main oil duct 3 and the second oil duct 6 all meet respective target pressure values, the oil discharge amount of the oil pump 1 can be adjusted through a feedback oil path in the oil pump 1, that is, a part of the oil can flow back into the oil pump 1 through the feedback oil path, so that the waste of energy is avoided.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, an engine (not shown) is also provided. The engine is provided with the engine lubricating system of any one of the embodiments, so that all the beneficial effects are achieved, and detailed description is omitted.
In another embodiment of the present application, there is further provided an oil pressure control method for an engine lubrication system, as shown in fig. 3, the control method is applied to the engine lubrication system described in any of the above embodiments. The control method comprises the following steps: the target oil pressure for the block main oil gallery 3 is set in advance according to the load of the engine, and for example, when the engine is at a low load, the target pressure for the block main oil gallery 3 may be set to 50kpa, but is not limited to 50 kpa. When the engine is at a medium load, the target pressure of the block main gallery 3 may be set to 200kpa, and is not limited to 200 kpa. When the engine is at a high load, the target pressure of the block main gallery 3 may be set to 320kpa, and is not limited to 320 kpa.
The opening degree of the control valve 4 is adjusted by closed-loop control using the controller 5 so that the cylinder main gallery 3 reaches a target oil pressure. According to the control method, the oil pressure of the cylinder body main oil gallery 3 is subjected to closed-loop control, so that the oil pressure of each oil consumption part in the lubricating system is accurately controlled, and the energy utilization rate of the whole system is improved.
In some exemplary embodiments, when the oil pump 1 is a variable flow oil pump, the control method further includes adjusting the flow of the oil pump 1 according to the load of the engine to change the oil pressure at the oil outlet of the oil pump 1, so as to achieve secondary adjustment of the oil pressure in the lubrication system, reduce the performance loss of the oil pump 1, and improve the energy utilization rate.
In some exemplary embodiments, the control method further comprises: the oil pressure of the first oil channel 2 is controlled to be larger than or equal to the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil channel 3, and the oil pressure of the cylinder main oil channel 3 is controlled to be larger than or equal to the oil pressure of the second oil channel 6, so that the oil pressures of oil consumption parts of different grades are controlled by an engine lubricating system, the oil pressure requirements of the oil consumption parts of different grades are met, and the comprehensive utilization rate of energy is improved.
In the description herein, the terms "upper", "lower", "one side", "the other side", "one end", "the other end", "side", "opposite", "four corners", "periphery", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the structures referred to have particular orientations, are constructed and operated in particular orientations, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "directly connected," "indirectly connected," "fixedly connected," "mounted," and "assembled" are to be construed broadly and, for example, may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixedly connected" may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms herein can be understood in a specific context to one of ordinary skill in the art.
Although the embodiments disclosed herein are described above, the descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the embodiments and are not intended to limit the disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and that the scope of the disclosure herein is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An engine lubrication system, comprising:
an oil pump;
the first oil duct is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump;
the cylinder main oil gallery is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump; and
the control valve is arranged between the oil outlet and the main oil duct of the cylinder body and is electrically connected with the controller;
wherein the controller is configured to adjust an opening degree of the control valve so that the cylinder main gallery reaches a target oil pressure.
2. The engine lubrication system of claim 1,
in the process of changing the engine load from small to large, the opening degree of the control valve is also changed from small to large.
3. The engine lubrication system of claim 2, further comprising a pressure sensor electrically connected to the controller and configured to detect oil pressure in the main oil gallery of the block and notify the controller;
and when the controller judges that the oil pressure of the main oil duct of the cylinder body is not equal to the target oil pressure, the controller adjusts the opening of the control valve.
4. An engine lubrication system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the control valve is a solenoid throttle valve.
5. The engine lubrication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a second oil passage that communicates with an outlet port of the oil pump; and
and the fixed throttle valve is arranged between the oil outlet and the second oil duct and used for limiting the oil pressure of the second oil duct.
6. The engine lubrication system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first oil passage comprises at least one of an oil passage of a supercharger, an oil passage of a variable valve timing system.
7. An engine characterized by being equipped with the engine lubrication system as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. An oil pressure control method of an engine lubrication system, characterized by being applied to the engine lubrication system according to any one of claims 1 to 6; the control method comprises the following steps: and setting a target oil pressure of the cylinder main oil gallery according to the load of the engine, and adjusting the opening of the control valve through closed-loop control to enable the cylinder main oil gallery to reach the target oil pressure.
9. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the oil pump is a variable-flow oil pump, the control method further comprising: and adjusting the flow of the oil pump according to the load of the engine to change the oil pressure of an oil outlet of the oil pump.
10. The control method according to claim 8, applied to the engine lubrication system according to claim 5 above; the control method further comprises the following steps: and controlling the oil pressure of the first oil channel to be more than or equal to that of the cylinder body main oil channel, and controlling the oil pressure of the cylinder body main oil channel to be more than or equal to that of the second oil channel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210724588.XA CN115095406A (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2022-06-23 | Engine lubricating system, engine and control method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210724588.XA CN115095406A (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2022-06-23 | Engine lubricating system, engine and control method |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0430230U (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-03-11 | ||
| GB201318131D0 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2013-11-27 | Gm Global Tech Operations Inc | Lubrication system for an internal combustion engine |
| WO2014141886A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | 大豊工業株式会社 | Lubricating oil supply mechanism for turbocharger |
| CN109026259A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-18 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of engine lubrication system and its control method |
| CN112112705A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-22 | 福特全球技术公司 | Engine oil pressure regulating system |
-
2022
- 2022-06-23 CN CN202210724588.XA patent/CN115095406A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0430230U (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-03-11 | ||
| WO2014141886A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | 大豊工業株式会社 | Lubricating oil supply mechanism for turbocharger |
| GB201318131D0 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2013-11-27 | Gm Global Tech Operations Inc | Lubrication system for an internal combustion engine |
| CN109026259A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-18 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of engine lubrication system and its control method |
| CN112112705A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-22 | 福特全球技术公司 | Engine oil pressure regulating system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 辽宁省劳动局: "《企业内机动车辆驾驶》", 31 May 1988, 沈阳：东北工学院出版社, pages: 78 * |
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