CN115094278A - 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115094278A CN115094278A CN202210506319.6A CN202210506319A CN115094278A CN 115094278 A CN115094278 A CN 115094278A CN 202210506319 A CN202210506319 A CN 202210506319A CN 115094278 A CN115094278 A CN 115094278A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability and a preparation method thereof. The 6-series aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.90-1.20%, Si: 0.90-1.10%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.20%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements, the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurity is less than or equal to 0.15 percent. The content ratio of Mg/Si element is 1.0-1.2, which not only meets the requirement of high strength, but also balances the influence of Si on the thermal stability, so that the aluminum alloy material has good stability in the whole life service cycle, and can be applied to various parts of automobiles, in particular to functional structural parts, such as front beams, energy absorption boxes, longitudinal beams, battery boxes and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The application of the 6-series aluminum alloy material in the automobile body is more and more extensive, and the excellent recyclability, extrudability and heat treatment performance of the material make the material become one of the essential components in the automobile body material, particularly the automobile body structural member material besides the obvious advantage of light weight. An aluminum alloy, which is one of the light metal materials, has high strength (sigma) due to specific characteristics of some alloys, in addition to general characteristics of aluminum, due to differences in the kinds and amounts of alloying elements added b 110-650 MPa), the specific strength is close to high alloy steel, the specific stiffness exceeds steel, the casting property and the plastic processing property are good, the electric conduction and heat conduction properties are good, the corrosion resistance and the weldability are good, the alloy steel can be used as a structural material, and the alloy steel can be widely applied to aerospace, aviation, transportation, construction, electromechanics, lightening and daily necessities.
The 6-series aluminum alloy mainly contains two elements of magnesium and silicon, is a heat treatment type corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, has high strength and corrosion resistance, good uniformity and strong plasticity, can achieve higher hardness through quenching and artificial aging, is widely used as an extruded aluminum material, and is widely applied to automobile products due to the characteristics of recoverability, extrudability, heat treatment and the like. At present, most of 6-series aluminum profiles can not maintain certain mechanical strength in a long-term thermal environment, the high strength of materials and the stability of the mechanical performance of the materials in the whole service period of life are less researched, the mechanical strength of some existing materials is greatly reduced after long-term heat treatment, and the use safety of automobiles is greatly reduced. Therefore, the development of materials with high strength and high strength after long-term heat preservation at a certain temperature has important significance for improving the safety of automobiles.
Chinese patent application document (publication number CN111014332A) discloses a 6-series high alloy component with high long-term thermal stability and a preparation method thereof, wherein the 6-series high alloy component is prepared from the following element components in percentage by weight: si: 0.60-0.65%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.15%, Cu: 0.03-0.08%, Mn: 0.20-0.25%, Mg: 0.55-0.60%, Cr: 0.15 to 0.20%, Ti: 0.03-0.08%, V: 0.07-0.12 percent of the total content of the impurities, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of the individual impurities, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of the total content of the impurities, and the balance of Al, wherein Mg/Si is controlled to be 0.90-1.05, the cast rod adopts a medium-temperature water-cooling homogenization system of 520 ℃ for 6h, the yield strength can be more than or equal to 280MPa after production, but the yield strength is reduced to 265MPa after long-term heat treatment of 150 ℃ for 1000 h.
Chinese patent application document (publication No. CN111440972A) discloses a 6000 series aluminum alloy with high long-term thermal stability and a preparation method thereof, wherein the 6000 series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-0.8% of Si, less than or equal to 0.3% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.3% of Cu, 0.05-0.3% of Mn, 0.6-0.9% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.15% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05% of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity in total, and the balance of Al, wherein the range of Si/Mg is controlled to be 0.7-0.9, and the aluminum alloy material is prepared through smelting, casting, homogenizing annealing, extrusion, online quenching and aging treatment, so that the aluminum alloy material can effectively inhibit Mg from being effectively 2 The coarsening of the Si phase ensures that the yield strength of the alloy is reduced by no more than 10MPa when the alloy is kept at 150 ℃ for 1000h, so that the alloy not only has very good long-term thermal stability, but also has better room temperature mechanical property, good bending forming property, crushing property and the like, but also has lower room temperature strength and cannot be applied to products with high strength requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy extruded section with higher strength in the whole service period of an automobile, aiming at the problem that the mechanical strength of a 6-series aluminum alloy material is insufficient in long-term use.
The 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability in the method comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Mg：0.90-1.20％；
Si：0.90-1.10％；
Mn：≤0.20％；
Cr：≤0.20％；
Cu：≤0.20％；
Fe：≤0.35％；
the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements, the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
Further, the content ratio of Mg/Si element is 1.0-1.2.
The preparation method of the 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability comprises the following steps:
a. adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace, carrying out online refining, online degassing and online filtering on the melt, casting liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy cast rod, cutting off the head and the tail, and carrying out homogenization treatment by high-temperature heat preservation and cooling;
b. preheating the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod, extruding into a profile, quenching and cooling;
c. and carrying out aging treatment on the cooled aluminum alloy section and then cooling.
Further, in the step a, the high-temperature heat preservation temperature is 490-530 ℃, the time is 5-10 h, and the cooling mode is strong wind or water mist cooling.
Further, the preheating temperature in the step b is 480-520 ℃, and the quenching temperature is more than or equal to 515 ℃.
Further, the cooling mode in the step b is water mist or water cooling.
Further, the high temperature heat preservation temperature in the step c is 190-210 ℃, and the time is 1-10 h.
Further, the cooling mode in the step c is air cooling or air cooling.
The evolution law of precipitated phases of the 6 series aluminum alloy in the aging process is as follows: supersaturated solid solution → GP zone → beta "→ beta '(B', U1, U2) → beta, and after 150 ℃ x 1000h aging, the solid solution gradually transforms into the equilibrium phase Mg in the 6-series alloy 2 Si is the only strengthening phase in the alloy material, so Mg 2 The content, distribution and state of Si play an important role in the material performance. The content of Mg and Si determines the strength of the alloy, and the more the content of excess Si in the alloy is, the greater the enrichment probability of the excess Si in grain boundaries is, and the longer the heat preservation time is, the larger the excess Si is. Therefore, the upper limit value of the excess Si is strictly controlled, the Mg/Si ratio is strictly required in the method, the high strength requirement is well met, and the influence of the Si on the thermal stability is well balanced.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the content ratio of Mg/Si elements is strictly controlled, so that the requirement of high strength is well met, and the influence of Si on the thermal stability is well balanced;
(2) the 6-series aluminum alloy material obtained by the invention has the strength of more than or equal to 280Mpa in the whole life service cycle (150 ℃/1000h), and has good stability;
(3) the method is simple and easy to implement, is suitable for industrial large-scale production, and can be applied to various parts of automobiles, in particular to functional structural parts such as front beams, energy absorption boxes, longitudinal beams, battery boxes and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described and illustrated below by specific examples, it should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to be specific limitations of the present invention. The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all those commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the examples are all those conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The preparation method of the 6 series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a. adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace according to the mass ratio of main elements of Mg 0.95%, Si 0.94%, Mn 0.12%, Cr 0.13%, Cu 0.15%, Fe 0.21% and the balance of Al, carrying out online refining, online degassing and online filtering on a melt, and then casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy casting rod;
b. cutting off the head and the tail of the aluminum alloy cast rod, preserving heat for 10 hours at 500 ℃, and cooling with water mist;
c. preheating the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod at 480 ℃, performing extrusion production, quenching at 520 ℃, and performing water mist cooling;
d. and (3) preserving the temperature of the aluminum alloy section bar at 190 ℃ for 8h, and cooling.
Example 2
The preparation method of the 6 series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a. adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace according to the mass ratio of main elements Mg 1.15%, Si 1.18%, Mn 0.13%, Cr 0.12%, Cu 0.14%, Fe 0.22% and the balance of Al, carrying out online refining, online degassing and online filtering on the melt, and then casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy casting rod;
b. cutting off the head and the tail of the aluminum alloy cast rod, preserving heat at 510 ℃ for 8 hours, and cooling by water mist;
c. preheating the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod at 490 ℃, performing extrusion production, quenching at 520 ℃, and performing water mist cooling;
d. and (3) preserving the temperature of the aluminum alloy section bar at 195 ℃ for 6h, and cooling.
Example 3
The preparation method of the 6 series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a. adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace according to the mass ratio of main elements Mg 1.25%, Si 1.05%, Mn 0.15%, Cr 0.12%, Cu 0.15%, Fe 0.18% and the balance of Al, carrying out online refining, online degassing and online filtering on a melt, and then casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy casting rod;
b. cutting off the head and the tail of the aluminum alloy cast rod, preserving heat at 520 ℃ for 6 hours, and cooling by water mist;
c. preheating the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod at 500 ℃, performing extrusion production, quenching at 520 ℃, and performing water mist cooling;
d. and (3) preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy section at 200 ℃ for 4h, and cooling.
Example 4
The preparation method of the 6 series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a. adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace according to the mass ratio of main elements Mg 1.36%, Si 1.15%, Mn 0.13%, Cr 0.11%, Cu 0.13%, Fe 0.20% and the balance of Al, carrying out online refining, online degassing and online filtering on the melt, and then casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy casting rod;
b. cutting off the head and the tail of the aluminum alloy cast rod, preserving heat at 530 ℃ for 5 hours, and cooling by water mist;
c. preheating the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod at 510 ℃, performing extrusion production, quenching at 520 ℃, and performing water mist cooling;
d. and (3) preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy section at 210 ℃ for 3h, and cooling.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the 6-series aluminum alloy profile raw material components are different: 0.47% of Mg, 0.94% of Si, 0.12% of Mn, 0.13% of Cr, 0.15% of Cu, 0.21% of Fe and the balance of Al.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example 2 and the example 1 is that the 6 series aluminum alloy section raw material components are different: mg 1.7%, Si 0.94%, Mn 0.12%, Cr 0.13%, Cu 0.15%, Fe 0.21%, and the balance Al.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example 3 and the example 1 is that the 6-series aluminum alloy profile raw material components are different: 0.95% of Mg, 0.54% of Si, 0.12% of Mn, 0.13% of Cr, 0.15% of Cu, 0.21% of Fe and the balance of Al.
Comparative example 4
The difference between the comparative example 4 and the example 1 is that the 6-series aluminum alloy profile raw material components are different: 0.95% of Mg, 1.9% of Si, 0.12% of Mn, 0.13% of Cr, 0.15% of Cu, 0.21% of Fe and the balance of Al.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the comparative example 5 and the example 1 is that the 6 series aluminum alloy section raw material components are different: 0.45% of Mg, 0.44% of Si, 0.12% of Mn, 0.13% of Cr, 0.15% of Cu, 0.21% of Fe and the balance of Al.
TABLE 1 initial mechanical properties and mechanical properties after long-term use of the aluminum alloy materials obtained in examples and comparative examples
As shown in Table 1, the aluminum alloy materials obtained in examples 1-4 have tensile strength of 310MPa, yield strength of 280MPa and elongation of 10.0%, and can still meet the requirement that the yield strength is more than or equal to 280MPa after being baked at 150 ℃ for 1000 h. The comparative example 1 reduces the Mg content, the strength is obviously reduced after the baking at 150 ℃ for 1000h, the comparative example 2 increases the Mg content, the extrusion property of the material is greatly reduced due to the increase of the Mg, the strength can not be improved in the same ratio, the comparative example 3 reduces the Si content, the strength is obviously reduced after the product is produced, the comparative example 4 increases the Si content, the product strength can be ensured, but the strength is still reduced to be below 280Mpa after the baking at 150 ℃ for 1000h, the comparative example 5 simultaneously reduces the Mg content and the Si content, and the strength can not meet the development requirement. It can be seen that the reasonable Mg/Si ratio not only well meets the high strength requirement, but also well balances the influence of Si on the thermal stability.
Finally, it should be noted that the specific examples described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention and do not limit the embodiments of the invention. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the embodiments described herein will occur to those skilled in the art, without necessarily requiring or implying a full range of embodiments. While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
Mg：0.90-1.20％；
Si：0.90-1.10％；
Mn：≤0.20％；
Cr：≤0.20％；
Cu：≤0.20％；
Fe：≤0.35％；
the balance of Al and other unavoidable impurity elements, the content of single impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
2. The 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability according to claim 1, wherein the content ratio of Mg/Si element is 1.0 to 1.2.
3. A method for producing a 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a. adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace, carrying out online refining, online degassing and online filtering on the melt, casting liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy cast rod, cutting off the head and the tail, and carrying out homogenization treatment by high-temperature heat preservation and cooling;
b. preheating the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod, extruding into a section, quenching and cooling;
c. and (5) cooling the cooled aluminum alloy section after high-temperature heat preservation.
4. The preparation method of the 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability according to claim 3, wherein the high-temperature heat preservation temperature in the step b is 490-530 ℃ for 5-10 h.
5. The method for preparing the 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability according to claim 3, wherein the cooling manner in the step b is strong wind or water mist cooling.
6. The method for preparing a 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preheating temperature in step c is 480-520 ℃.
7. The method for producing a 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability according to claim 3, wherein the quenching temperature in step c is 515 ℃ or higher.
8. The method for preparing the 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability according to claim 3, wherein the cooling manner in the step c is water mist or water cooling.
9. The method for preparing a 6-series aluminum alloy material with good thermal stability as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature for holding the high temperature in step d is 190-210 ℃ for 1-10 h.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115874091A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-31 | 台山市金桥铝型材厂有限公司 | High-strength high-long-term thermal stability Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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| US4909858A (en) * | 1987-07-20 | 1990-03-20 | Norsk Hydro A.S. | Method for producing an aluminum alloy |
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| WO2019090963A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-16 | 江苏大学 | In-situ nanoreinforced aluminum alloy extrusion for car body and preparation method |
| CN111014332A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-17 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | 6-series high alloy component with high long-term thermal stability and preparation method thereof |
| CN111647780A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-09-11 | 军材科技(天津)有限公司 | High-strength 6-series aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112281031A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-29 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Al-Mg-Si series multi-element aluminum alloy plate and preparation method thereof |
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2022
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| US4909858A (en) * | 1987-07-20 | 1990-03-20 | Norsk Hydro A.S. | Method for producing an aluminum alloy |
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