CN115093855A - Multi-element soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Multi-element soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115093855A CN115093855A CN202210719020.9A CN202210719020A CN115093855A CN 115093855 A CN115093855 A CN 115093855A CN 202210719020 A CN202210719020 A CN 202210719020A CN 115093855 A CN115093855 A CN 115093855A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-element soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil remediation and comprising the following steps: s1, preparing nostoc polysaccharide; s2, modification of nostoc polysaccharide: dissolving nostoc polysaccharide in alkali liquor for reaction, adding ethanol, and filtering to obtain modified nostoc polysaccharide; s3, preparing a nutrient solution: dissolving boric acid, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, ferric chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium phosphate and ammonium nitrate in water to prepare a nutrient solution; s4, enriching nutrition of the modified nostoc polysaccharide; s5, preparing a multi-element soil conditioner: dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution, adding polylactic acid and rich-nutrient polysaccharide, adding genipin, adjusting pH value, solidifying, and drying to obtain the multi-element soil conditioner. According to the invention, the rich-nutrition polysaccharide is fixedly coated in the chitosan-polylactic acid composite cage, so that nutrition immobilization is realized, the effect of releasing nutrient elements for a long time can be achieved, and loss of multi-element nutrient substances is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a multi-element soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
How to effectively control and relieve the heavy metal pollution and harm of soil is an increasingly serious international problem, which is particularly prominent in China. Particularly, the treatment of the heavy metal polluted farmland soil in a large area is difficult to find a technical method with low cost, broad spectrum and strong operability. The farmland with heavy metal combined pollution is particularly difficult to control, and for example, the farmland with arsenic and cadmium combined pollution has more complex environmental effect and more difficult control due to the interaction of the farmland with arsenic and cadmium combined pollution. The pH value of the soil is increased, the bioavailability of the cadmium in the soil and the cadmium content of the rice can be effectively reduced, and the As activity of the soil can be improved. In addition, the flooding treatment can reduce the content of Cd in rice; but the As content of the rice is increased. Therefore, under the condition of As/Cd combined pollution, how to regulate and control the soil process and implement water and fertilizer management is very complicated.
In recent years, farmland heavy metal pollution passivation technology is receiving more and more attention. By applying the soil-friendly conditioner, the heavy metal in the polluted soil is passivated, the absorption of crops to the heavy metal is reduced, the heavy metal-polluted agricultural soil is treated and produced at the same time, and the soil-friendly conditioner is a new idea for controlling the heavy metal in the soil, and is economical and safe. The investment of the soil heavy metal passivation technology is relatively low, the remediation efficiency is high, and the operation is simple; the method has good superiority for repairing large-area medium-low heavy metal polluted soil, and can meet the requirements of the current farmland soil heavy metal pollution treatment in China and the safety guarantee of agricultural products. The soil heavy metal passivator commonly used at present comprises: alkaline substances such as lime, calcium carbonate and fly ash, phosphates such as hydroxyapatite, ground phosphate rock and calcium hydrophosphate, minerals such as natural or modified zeolite and bentonite, silicon-containing fertilizers such as blast furnace slag and steel slag, and organic fertilizers such as grass carbon, farmyard manure, green manure and biomass carbon. The passivators have better passivation effect on soil polluted by certain heavy metal. However, the heavy metal pollution of the soil is often a combined pollution of two or more than two kinds of metals. The physical and chemical properties of different heavy metal ions are greatly different, and the mobility and the environmental behavior of the heavy metal ions in the soil are also greatly different. The single soil passivator is often challenging to repair multi-metal composite contaminated soil, and it is difficult to find a single substance capable of reducing the mobility of all heavy metal ions. Therefore, at present, soil passivation and remediation mainly focuses on the passivation of a single heavy metal element, and a composite additive or multiple remediation methods are usually adopted for multi-metal composite pollution at the same time; if a multifunctional heavy metal passivation material capable of simultaneously passivating a plurality of pollutants can be prepared, the repair cost is inevitably reduced, and the repair efficiency is improved.
The toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil are not only related to the total amount of heavy metals, but are more mainly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil. Iron oxides in soil are key factors for controlling the morphological transformation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. Iron oxides, sulfates, silicates and biochar have been widely used in soil heavy metal passivation; each has better passivation effect on the soil polluted by a certain heavy metal under specific soil conditions. For example, iron oxide has good effect on passivating arsenic-polluted soil, while biochar has special effect on passivating cadmium-polluted acid soil, and sulfate and silicate have good effect on passivating cadmium-polluted acid soil or lead-polluted acid soil. Under the condition of soil polluted by composite heavy metals, the purpose of simultaneously passivating a plurality of heavy metals cannot be achieved by singly applying the conditioner, and two or more passivators are required to be simultaneously applied. Not only does this cause inconvenience to the application; at the same time, iron oxides, sulfates and silicates tend to chemically react, resulting in loss or reduction of the passivation effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-element soil conditioner, a preparation method and application thereof, and the multi-element soil conditioner has a good anti-aging effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a multi-element soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of nostoc polysaccharide: drying Nostoc sphaeroides Kutz, pulverizing, soaking in water, heating to boil, extracting for 2-4 hr, adding equal volume of ethanol into the liquid, and filtering to obtain Nostoc sphaeroides Kutz polysaccharide;
s2, modification of nostoc polysaccharide: dissolving the nostoc polysaccharide prepared in the step S1 in alkali liquor, reacting for 1-2h, adding ethanol with the same volume, and filtering to obtain modified nostoc polysaccharide;
s3, preparation of nutrient solution: dissolving boric acid, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, ferric chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium phosphate and ammonium nitrate in water to prepare a nutrient solution;
s4, enrichment nutrition of the modified nostoc polysaccharide: soaking the modified nostoc polysaccharide prepared in the step S2 in the nutrient solution prepared in the step S3, reacting for 2-3h, concentrating and drying to obtain eutrophic polysaccharide;
s5, preparing a multi-element soil conditioner: dissolving chitosan in 0.1-5 wt% of acetic acid solution, adding polylactic acid and the rich-nutrition polysaccharide obtained in the step S4, stirring for 5-10min, adding genipin according to the proportion of 1-3 wt% of the final concentration, continuously stirring until the system is in a gel state, adjusting the pH value to 6-7, curing at normal temperature for 25-30min, and drying to obtain the multi-element soil conditioner.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the nostoc sphaeroides and water have a mass-to-volume ratio of 1: (5-10) g/mL.
As a further improvement of the invention, the lye in step S2 is a 5 to 12 wt% NaOH solution or KOH solution.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the preparation method of the nutrient solution in step S3 is: 5-10g of boric acid, 1-2g of zinc chloride, 0.5-2g of manganese chloride, 1-2g of ferric chloride, 3-7g of calcium sulfate, 2-3g of magnesium chloride, 10-15g of potassium phosphate and 12-17g of ammonium nitrate are dissolved in 500mL of water to prepare the nutrient solution.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the preparation method of the nutrient solution in step S3 is: 7g of boric acid, 1.5g of zinc chloride, 1.2g of manganese chloride, 1.5g of ferric chloride, 5g of calcium sulfate, 2.5g of magnesium chloride, 12g of potassium phosphate and 15g of ammonium nitrate are dissolved in 500mL of water to prepare the nutrient solution.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mass-to-volume ratio of the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide and the nutrient solution in step S4 is 1: (3-5) g/mL.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mass ratio of the chitosan, the polylactic acid and the nutrient-rich polysaccharide in the step S5 is (5-10): (3-7): (5-10).
As a further improvement of the invention, the drying temperature is 70-100 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 h.
The invention further protects the multi-element soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method.
The invention further protects the application of the multi-element soil conditioner in improving soil fertility.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention prepares a nutrient-rich polysaccharide, which is obtained by modifying nostoc polysaccharide with alkali liquor, and forming a negative charge region after hydroxyl on the molecular chain of the polysaccharide is dehydrogenated, thereby enriching various trace metal elements such as Fe 3+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ca 2+ 、K + 、Mn 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、NH 4 + Meanwhile, the amino group on the polysaccharide chain can also enrich various acid radical ions such as boric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, so that the polysaccharide is rich in carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen and various trace elements, and the soil fertility is improved;
the invention further fixes and wraps the rich-nutrition polysaccharide in the chitosan-polylactic acid composite cage, thereby realizing nutrition immobilization, playing a role in releasing nutrient elements for a long time after being used in soil, avoiding loss of multi-element nutrient substances and having wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a multi-element soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing nostoc polysaccharide: drying and crushing nostoc sphaeroides, and soaking the nostoc sphaeroides in water, wherein the mass volume ratio of the nostoc sphaeroides to the water is 1: heating to boil at 5g/mL, extracting for 2h, adding ethanol with the same volume to the liquid, and filtering to obtain nostoc polysaccharide;
s2, modification of nostoc polysaccharide: dissolving the nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S1 in a 5 wt% NaOH solution, reacting for 1h, adding ethanol with the same volume, and filtering to obtain modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide;
s3, preparation of nutrient solution: dissolving 5g of boric acid, 1g of zinc chloride, 0.5g of manganese chloride, 1g of ferric chloride, 3g of calcium sulfate, 2g of magnesium chloride, 10g of potassium phosphate and 12g of ammonium nitrate in 500mL of water to prepare a nutrient solution;
s4, enrichment and nutrition of the modified nostoc polysaccharide: soaking the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S2 in the nutrient solution prepared in the step S3, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide to the nutrient solution is 1: 3g/mL, reacting for 2h, concentrating, and drying at 70 ℃ for 3h to obtain the nutrient-rich polysaccharide;
s5, preparing a multi-element soil conditioner: dissolving 5g of chitosan in 100mL of 0.1 wt% acetic acid solution, then adding 3g of polylactic acid and 5g of the rich-nutrition polysaccharide obtained in the step S4, stirring for 5min, adding genipin according to the proportion of which the final concentration is 1 wt%, continuously stirring until the system is in a gel state, adjusting the pH value to 6, curing for 25min at normal temperature, drying at the drying temperature of 70 ℃ for 3h, and obtaining the multi-element soil conditioner.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a multi-element soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of nostoc polysaccharide: drying and crushing nostoc sphaeroides, and soaking the nostoc sphaeroides in water, wherein the mass volume ratio of the nostoc sphaeroides to the water is 1: heating to boil at 10g/mL, extracting for 4h, adding ethanol with the same volume to the liquid, and filtering to obtain nostoc polysaccharide;
s2, modification of nostoc polysaccharide: dissolving the nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S1 in a 12 wt% NaOH solution, reacting for 2 hours, adding ethanol with the same volume, and filtering to obtain modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide;
s3, preparation of nutrient solution: dissolving 10g of boric acid, 2g of zinc chloride, 2g of manganese chloride, 2g of ferric chloride, 7g of calcium sulfate, 3g of magnesium chloride, 15g of potassium phosphate and 17g of ammonium nitrate in 500mL of water to prepare a nutrient solution;
s4, enrichment and nutrition of the modified nostoc polysaccharide: soaking the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S2 in the nutrient solution prepared in the step S3, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide to the nutrient solution is 1: 5g/mL, reacting for 3h, concentrating, and drying at 100 ℃ for 5h to obtain the polysaccharide rich in nutrients;
s5, preparing a multi-element soil conditioner: dissolving 10g of chitosan in 100mL of 5 wt% acetic acid solution, then adding 7g of polylactic acid and 10g of the nutrient-rich polysaccharide obtained in the step S4, stirring for 10min, adding genipin according to the proportion of the final concentration of 3 wt%, continuously stirring until the system is in a gel state, adjusting the pH value to 7, curing for 30min at normal temperature, drying at the drying temperature of 100 ℃ for 5h to obtain the multi-element soil conditioner.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a multi-element soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of nostoc polysaccharide: drying and crushing nostoc sphaeroides, and soaking the nostoc sphaeroides in water, wherein the mass volume ratio of the nostoc sphaeroides to the water is 1: 7g/mL, heating to boil, extracting for 3h, adding ethanol with the same volume into the liquid, and filtering to obtain nostoc polysaccharide;
s2, modification of nostoc polysaccharide: dissolving the nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S1 in 8 wt% NaOH solution, reacting for 1.5h, adding ethanol with the same volume, and filtering to obtain modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide;
s3, preparation of nutrient solution: dissolving 7g of boric acid, 1.5g of zinc chloride, 1.2g of manganese chloride, 1.5g of ferric chloride, 5g of calcium sulfate, 2.5g of magnesium chloride, 12g of potassium phosphate and 15g of ammonium nitrate in 500mL of water to prepare a nutrient solution;
s4, enrichment and nutrition of the modified nostoc polysaccharide: soaking the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S2 in the nutrient solution prepared in the step S3, wherein the mass volume ratio of the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide to the nutrient solution is 1: 4g/mL, reacting for 2.5h, concentrating, and drying at 85 ℃ for 4h to obtain the polysaccharide rich in nutrients;
s5, preparing a multi-element soil conditioner: dissolving 7g of chitosan in 100mL of 3 wt% acetic acid solution, then adding 5g of polylactic acid and 7g of the rich-nutrition polysaccharide obtained in the step S4, stirring for 7min, adding genipin according to the proportion of which the final concentration is 2 wt%, continuously stirring until the system is in a gel state, adjusting the pH value to 6.5, curing for 27min at normal temperature, drying at the drying temperature of 85 ℃ for 4h, and obtaining the multi-element soil conditioner.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 3, nostoc polysaccharide is not modified in step S2, and other conditions are not changed.
S1, preparation of nostoc polysaccharide: drying and crushing nostoc sphaeroides, and soaking the nostoc sphaeroides in water, wherein the mass volume ratio of the nostoc sphaeroides to the water is 1: 7g/mL, heating to boil, extracting for 3h, adding ethanol with the same volume into the liquid, and filtering to obtain nostoc polysaccharide;
s2, preparation of nutrient solution: dissolving 7g of boric acid, 1.5g of zinc chloride, 1.2g of manganese chloride, 1.5g of ferric chloride, 5g of calcium sulfate, 2.5g of magnesium chloride, 12g of potassium phosphate and 15g of ammonium nitrate in 500mL of water to prepare a nutrient solution;
s3, enrichment and nutrition of the modified nostoc polysaccharide: soaking the nostoc polysaccharide prepared in the step S1 in the nutrient solution prepared in the step S2, wherein the mass volume ratio of the modified nostoc polysaccharide to the nutrient solution is 1: 4g/mL, reacting for 2.5h, concentrating, and drying at 85 ℃ for 4h to obtain the polysaccharide rich in nutrients;
s4, preparing a multi-element soil conditioner: dissolving 7g of chitosan in 100mL of 3 wt% acetic acid solution, then adding 5g of polylactic acid and 7g of the rich-nutrition polysaccharide obtained in the step S3, stirring for 7min, adding genipin according to the proportion of which the final concentration is 2 wt%, continuously stirring until the system is in a gel state, adjusting the pH value to 6.5, curing for 27min at normal temperature, drying at the drying temperature of 85 ℃ for 4h, and obtaining the multi-element soil conditioner.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 3, the modified nostoc polysaccharide is not subjected to the step of enriching the nutrition in step S4, and other conditions are not changed.
S1, preparation of nostoc polysaccharide: drying and crushing nostoc sphaeroides, and soaking the nostoc sphaeroides in water, wherein the mass volume ratio of the nostoc sphaeroides to the water is 1: 7g/mL, heating to boil, extracting for 3h, adding ethanol with the same volume into the liquid, and filtering to obtain nostoc polysaccharide;
s2, modification of nostoc polysaccharide: dissolving the nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S1 in 8 wt% NaOH solution, reacting for 1.5h, adding ethanol with the same volume, and filtering to obtain modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide;
s3, preparing a multi-element soil conditioner: dissolving 7g of chitosan in 100mL of 3 wt% acetic acid solution, adding 5g of polylactic acid and 7g of the modified nostoc polysaccharide obtained in the step S2, stirring for 7min, adding genipin according to the proportion of which the final concentration is 2 wt%, continuously stirring until the system is in a gel state, adjusting the pH value to 6.5, curing at normal temperature for 27min, drying at the drying temperature of 85 ℃ for 4h, and obtaining the multi-element soil conditioner.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 3, the enriched polysaccharide was not subjected to the coating step of step S5, and other conditions were not changed.
S1, preparation of nostoc polysaccharide: drying and crushing nostoc sphaeroides, and soaking the nostoc sphaeroides in water, wherein the mass volume ratio of the nostoc sphaeroides to the water is 1: 7g/mL, heating to boil, extracting for 3h, adding ethanol with the same volume into the liquid, and filtering to obtain nostoc polysaccharide;
s2, modification of nostoc polysaccharide: dissolving the nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S1 in 8 wt% NaOH solution, reacting for 1.5h, adding ethanol with the same volume, and filtering to obtain modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide;
s3, preparation of nutrient solution: dissolving 7g of boric acid, 1.5g of zinc chloride, 1.2g of manganese chloride, 1.5g of ferric chloride, 5g of calcium sulfate, 2.5g of magnesium chloride, 12g of potassium phosphate and 15g of ammonium nitrate in 500mL of water to prepare a nutrient solution;
s4, enrichment and nutrition of the modified nostoc polysaccharide: soaking the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S2 in the nutrient solution prepared in the step S3, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide to the nutrient solution is 1: 4g/mL, reacting for 2.5h, concentrating, drying at 85 ℃ for 4h to obtain the nutrient-rich polysaccharide which is a multi-element soil conditioner.
Test example 1
1. Test materials:
the test soil is collected from a big Baoshan farmland, a soil sample is air-dried before the test, and is sieved by a 2mm sieve to remove impurities such as plant roots, small stones and the like.
Test objects: the multi-element soil conditioners of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3.
The test method comprises the following steps: each pot of sandy soil is 1500g, 10g of multi-element soil conditioner is mixed into each pot, the same amount of sandy soil is mixed into the blank group, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and each index is measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table above, the multi-element soil conditioner prepared by the invention can obviously improve the soil fertility and reduce the heavy metal content in the soil.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a multi-element soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation of nostoc polysaccharide: drying Nostoc sphaeroides Kutz, pulverizing, soaking in water, heating to boil, extracting for 2-4 hr, adding equal volume of ethanol into the liquid, and filtering to obtain Nostoc sphaeroides Kutz polysaccharide;
s2, modification of nostoc polysaccharide: dissolving the nostoc polysaccharide prepared in the step S1 in alkali liquor, reacting for 1-2h, adding ethanol with the same volume, and filtering to obtain modified nostoc polysaccharide;
s3, preparation of nutrient solution: dissolving boric acid, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, ferric chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium phosphate and ammonium nitrate in water to prepare a nutrient solution;
s4, enrichment and nutrition of the modified nostoc polysaccharide: soaking the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide prepared in the step S2 in the nutrient solution prepared in the step S3, reacting for 2-3h, concentrating, and drying to obtain rich nutrient polysaccharide;
s5, preparing a multi-element soil conditioner: dissolving chitosan in 0.1-5 wt% of acetic acid solution, then adding polylactic acid and the rich-nutrient polysaccharide obtained in the step S4, stirring for 5-10min, adding genipin according to the proportion of 1-3 wt% of the final concentration, continuously stirring until the system is in a gel state, adjusting the pH value to 6-7, solidifying for 25-30min at normal temperature, and drying to obtain the multi-element soil conditioner.
2. The method for preparing the multi-element soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nostoc sphaeroides and the water in the step S1 are in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1: (5-10) g/mL.
3. The method for preparing multi-element soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein said alkali solution in step S2 is 5-12 wt% NaOH solution or KOH solution.
4. The method for preparing the multi-element soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the nutrient solution in step S3 comprises: 5-10g of boric acid, 1-2g of zinc chloride, 0.5-2g of manganese chloride, 1-2g of ferric chloride, 3-7g of calcium sulfate, 2-3g of magnesium chloride, 10-15g of potassium phosphate and 12-17g of ammonium nitrate are dissolved in 500mL of water to prepare the nutrient solution.
5. The method for preparing the multi-element soil conditioner as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method for preparing the nutrient solution in step S3 comprises: 7g of boric acid, 1.5g of zinc chloride, 1.2g of manganese chloride, 1.5g of ferric chloride, 5g of calcium sulfate, 2.5g of magnesium chloride, 12g of potassium phosphate and 15g of ammonium nitrate are dissolved in 500mL of water to prepare the nutrient solution.
6. The method for preparing the multi-element soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass volume ratio of the modified nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide to the nutrient solution in step S4 is 1: (3-5) g/mL.
7. The method for preparing the multi-element soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan, the polylactic acid and the nutrient-rich polysaccharide in step S5 is (5-10): (3-7): (5-10).
8. The method for preparing the multi-element soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 70-100 ℃ and the drying time is 3-5 h.
9. A multi-element soil conditioner prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the multi-element soil conditioner of claim 9 for improving soil fertility.
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