CN115092314B

CN115092314B - Ship

Info

Publication number: CN115092314B
Application number: CN202210557140.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 包霖
Original assignee: Guangzhou Shipyard International Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Shipyard International Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-20
Filing date: 2022-05-20
Publication date: 2024-01-19
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-20
Also published as: CN115092314A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ship safety, and discloses a ship. The ship comprises two blank wheels, a bottom side cabin, a detection device and an air exhaust device. The two empty side cabins are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the width direction of the ship, the empty bottom cabins are arranged at the bottom of the ship and are respectively communicated with the two empty side cabins, the detection device can respectively detect the depth of water in the two empty side cabins in real time and identify the empty side cabins with water inflow, the air extractor is electrically connected with the detection device, and the air extractor can extract air from the empty side cabins without water inflow after the detection device identifies the empty side cabins with water inflow. The ship has strong anti-capsizing capability after the cabin breaking and water inflow, good structural strength and low design difficulty.

Description

Ship

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ship safety, in particular to a ship.

Background

Large vessels, especially passenger vessels or mail ships with a large number of people, have higher stability requirements when accidents occur and broken tanks are involved in water intake. On the one hand, after the ship enters water, the buoyancy of the ship is lost, so that the draft of the ship is increased, and the ship is required to have anti-sinking performance; on the other hand, the water entering the broken cabin of the ship is often 'asymmetric water entering', so that the ship is inclined to the broken side, if the inclination angle is too large, the ship is seriously inclined transversely, escape of personnel on the ship is affected, and the ship is easy to overturn, so that the ship is required to have better anti-overturning capability.

In order to ensure that the ship has anti-capsizing capability, the common practice is to communicate the side empty cabins on the left side and the right side of the ship through the empty bottom cabins at the bottom of the ship to form a U-shaped through cabin which traverses the whole ship width range, and when the side empty cabins on one side are damaged, water inflow can traverse the side empty cabins on the other side through the empty bottom cabins, so that the water inflow of the left side empty cabin and the right side empty cabin of the ship is consistent, and the ship is prevented from transversely tilting. However, although the arrangement of the U-shaped through cabin can lead the ship with a single side broken cabin to finally achieve the balance of water inflow on the left side and the right side in theory, when the broken part on one side of the U-shaped through cabin is faster in water inflow and the water inflow can not flow to the other side timely and quickly, the risk that the ship is seriously inclined to one side of the broken cabin and even overturns still occurs.

Aiming at the problems, the prior art generally adopts the modes of enlarging the net flow area of the transverse running water at the bottom of the U-shaped through cabin as much as possible, arranging a large-caliber ventilation pipeline at the top of the hollow side cabin to reduce the blocking of exhaust back pressure to the transverse running water and the like so as to enable the inlet water to flow to the non-damaged side as soon as possible. However, the above method has insignificant effects, and can also affect the structural strength of the empty cabin, and increase the difficulty in designing the structural arrangement of the empty cabin and the side empty cabin.

Therefore, there is a need for a ship to solve the above technical problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ship which has strong anti-capsizing capability after water enters a broken cabin, good structural strength and low design difficulty.

To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a watercraft, comprising:

the two blank tanks are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the ship in the width direction;

the empty bottom cabin is arranged at the bottom of the ship, and two ends of the empty bottom cabin are respectively communicated with the two empty side cabins;

the detection device can respectively detect the depths of water in the two empty side cabins in real time and identify the empty side cabins with water inflow;

the air extracting device is electrically connected with the detecting device, and can extract air from the empty side cabin without water inflow after the detecting device identifies the empty side cabin with water inflow.

Optionally, the detection device includes:

the two water pressure detection probes are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two empty side cabins, and the water pressure detection probes acquire the corresponding depth of water in the empty side cabins through detecting pressure;

and the comparison module can be used for comparing the depths of the water in the two empty side cabins and identifying that the empty side cabins corresponding to the larger depths are subjected to water inflow.

Optionally, when the comparing module compares the depths of the water detected by the two water pressure detecting probes to be equal, the air extracting device does not extract air from any empty side cabin.

Optionally, the air extraction device comprises two air extraction components, and the two air extraction components are respectively used for extracting air from the two air side cabins.

Optionally, the air extraction assembly comprises a fan and a communicating pipe, wherein two ends of the communicating pipe are respectively communicated with the upper end of the corresponding air side cabin and the air inlet of the fan, and the air outlet of the fan is communicated with the outside atmosphere.

Optionally, the side plates at two sides of the width direction of the ship are respectively provided with a first opening, the air outlet of the fan is communicated with the first openings at the corresponding sides, and the positions of the first openings are higher than the non-protection opening limiting waterline of the ship.

Optionally, the ship further comprises an alarm assembly, wherein the alarm assembly is electrically connected with the detection device, and the alarm assembly can give an alarm when the detection device detects that the water depth in any empty side cabin is greater than zero.

Optionally, the ship further comprises two ventilation assemblies, each ventilation assembly is used for enabling one empty side cabin to be equal to external atmospheric pressure when no broken cabin water inflow occurs.

Optionally, the ventilation assembly includes ventilation pipe and self-closing air tube head, ventilation pipe one end with the upper end intercommunication of corresponding blank room, the other end with self-closing air tube head intercommunication, self-closing air tube head can with outside atmosphere intercommunication.

Optionally, the ship is provided with the second opening along the fender of width direction both sides respectively, every self-closing air tube head corresponds with one the second opening intercommunication, the position of second opening is higher than the highest broken cabin waterline of ship.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the ship disclosed by the invention, when the two empty side cabins are not damaged and water is fed, the detection device detects that the depths of the water in the two empty side cabins are zero, and the ship runs in a righted state. When the damaged side cabin is damaged and water enters, the ship starts to incline to one side of the damaged side cabin, and meanwhile the detection device can detect that the depth of water in the damaged side cabin is not zero and is larger than that of water in the undamaged side cabin, and at the moment, the detection device enables the air extractor to extract air from the undamaged side cabin. On the one hand, the air in the undamaged blank capsule is rapidly pumped out, so that the blocking of water which transversely enters the undamaged blank capsule from the damaged blank capsule through the blank capsule is greatly reduced; on the other hand, negative pressure can be formed in the undamaged blank tanks by air suction, so that additional power is provided for transverse water inflow, the transverse water inflow can enter the undamaged blank tanks more quickly, so that the ship cannot incline at a large angle, the water inflow of the blank tanks at the two sides is balanced as soon as possible, the ship can be quickly restored to a straightening state, the risk of overturning the ship is greatly reduced, and the stability of the ship after the ship is damaged and water inflow is improved; in addition, due to the holding of negative pressure, the net flow area of the transverse flowing water at the bottom of the U-shaped through cabin and the caliber of the air-permeable pipeline of the air-side cabin can be set in a proper range, so that the structural strength of the air-side cabin is ensured, and the design difficulty of each structural arrangement in the air-side cabin is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention in a width direction.

In the figure:

1-an empty side cabin;

2-empty bottom cabin;

3-a water pressure detection probe;

4-an air extraction component; 41-a fan; 42-communicating pipe;

5-a ventilation assembly; 51-a gas-permeable conduit; 52-self-closing air pipe head;

61-a first opening; 62-second opening.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.

In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for distinguishing between them.

The present embodiment provides a ship, which is not limited to a passenger ship, a cruise ship, and the like. As shown in fig. 1, the direction X in the figure indicates the width direction of the ship, the ship is provided with empty side tanks 1 on both sides in the width direction, the bottom of the ship is provided with an empty bottom tank 2, both ends of the empty bottom tank 2 in the width direction are respectively communicated with the two empty side tanks 1, so as to form a "U-shaped through tank", and when the empty side tanks 1 on one side break into water, the water can flow into the empty side tanks 1 on the other side through the empty bottom tank 2. Specifically, a partition plate is provided between both ends of the empty bottom compartment 2 in the width direction and the empty side compartments 1 on the corresponding sides, respectively, and communication apertures are provided on the partition plate so that the empty bottom compartment 2 communicates with the empty side compartments 1. As shown in fig. 1, the dashed line L1 in the figure is the highest broken line of the vessel (i.e. the final balance or waterline of the vessel in the worst case). The dashed line L2 is the non-protected opening of the vessel limiting the waterline (i.e. the waterline of the vessel in a state of maximum allowed inclination angle). Wherein the height of L2 is higher than the height of L1, and the highest height of the empty side tanks 1 is lower than the highest broken tank waterline L1 of the ship.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the vessel further comprises two venting assemblies 5, each venting assembly 5 being adapted to equalize the external atmospheric pressure when no broken tank water intake of one of the blank tanks 1 occurs. Specifically, the ventilation assembly 5 comprises a ventilation duct 51 and a self-closing air pipe head 52, one end of the ventilation duct 51 is communicated with the upper end of the corresponding blank capsule 1, the other end is communicated with the self-closing air pipe head 52, and the self-closing air pipe head 52 can be communicated with the external atmosphere. The self-closing air pipe head 52 is a component capable of enabling air to circulate bidirectionally, but capable of blocking water from entering the ventilation duct 51 from the outside, and the self-closing air pipe head 52 is an existing mature component, and the specific structure and working principle thereof are not described herein. The self-closing air pipe head 52 is arranged to ensure that the internal pressure of the blank capsule 1 is kept stable when no capsule breaking water inflow occurs.

As shown in fig. 1, the side plates on two sides of the ship along the width direction are respectively provided with a second opening 62, and each self-closing air pipe head 52 is correspondingly communicated with one second opening 62, so that the self-closing air pipe heads 52 are communicated with the external atmosphere. Preferably, the second opening 62 is located above the highest breaking line L1 of the vessel. Since the self-closing air pipe head 52 can prevent external water from entering the ventilation duct 51, the ventilation duct 51 is not caused to enter water even if the draft of the ship is occasionally higher than the self-closing air pipe head 52 due to the swing of the ship during the normal operation of the ship, so long as the second opening 62 is ensured to be positioned above the highest cabin breaking waterline.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the vessel further comprises a detection device and an air extraction device. The detection device can detect the depths of water in the two empty side tanks 1 in real time respectively, and whether the empty side tanks 1 break into water and which empty side tank 1 in particular breaks into water are identified by comparing the depths of the water in the two empty side tanks 1. The air extractor is electrically connected with the detection device, and can extract air from the empty side cabin 1 which is not subjected to water inflow after the detection device identifies the empty side cabin 1 which is subjected to water inflow.

In the ship of this embodiment, when no damage water inflow occurs to both the empty side tanks 1, the detection device detects that the depths of water in both the empty side tanks 1 are zero, and the ship runs in a regulated state at this time. When the damaged side cabin 1 is in water inflow, the ship starts to incline to the damaged side cabin 1, and the detection device can detect that the depth of water in the damaged side cabin 1 is not zero and is larger than that of water in the undamaged side cabin 1, and at the moment, the detection device enables the air extractor to extract air from the undamaged side cabin 1. On the one hand, the air in the undamaged blank capsule 1 is rapidly pumped out, so that the blocking of transverse water inflow is greatly reduced; on the other hand, negative pressure can be formed in the undamaged blank tanks 1 by air suction, so that additional power is provided for transverse water inflow, the transverse water inflow can enter the undamaged blank tanks 1 more quickly, so that the ship cannot incline at a large angle, the water inflow of the blank tanks 1 at the two sides is balanced as soon as possible, the ship is quickly restored to a straightening state, the risk of overturning the ship is greatly reduced, and the stability of the ship after the water inflow is damaged is improved; in addition, due to the holding of negative pressure, the net flow area of the transverse flowing water at the bottom of the U-shaped through cabin and the caliber of the ventilation pipeline of the air side cabin can be set in a proper range, so that the structural strength of the air bottom cabin 2 is ensured, and the design difficulty of each structural arrangement in the air bottom cabin 2 and the air side cabin 1 is reduced.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the detection means comprises a comparison module (not shown) and two water pressure detection probes 3. The two water pressure detection probes 3 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two empty side cabins 1, and the water pressure detection probes 3 acquire the depth of water in the corresponding empty side cabins 1 by detecting the pressure in the corresponding empty side cabins 1. When no water enters the empty side cabin 1, the water pressure detection probe 3 can not detect the water pressure, and the depth of the corresponding obtained water is zero. When the air side cabin 1 is filled with water, the water pressure detection probe 3 detects the water pressure and can correspondingly calculate the depth of the water in the air side cabin 1. The two water pressure detection probes 3 can send the depth of the detected water to the comparison module in real time, the comparison module can compare the depths of the water in the two empty side tanks 1 and identify that the empty side tanks 1 corresponding to the larger depths are subjected to water inflow, and then the air extractor is used for extracting air from the side where the water inflow is not performed, so that the ship rotates to a straightening state as soon as possible.

Preferably, when the comparison module compares the depths of the water detected by the two water pressure detection probes 3 to be equal, the air extraction device does not extract air from any empty side cabin 1. On the one hand, when the ship does not break the cabin and enter water, the detection probes detect that the depths of the water in the two air side cabins 1 are equal and are zero, at the moment, the air extractor cannot pump the corresponding air side cabins 1, and each air side cabin 1 keeps equal to the external atmospheric pressure under the action of the corresponding ventilation assembly 5. On the other hand, after water inflow occurs in the side tanks 1 on one side of the ship, the air extractor extracts air from the side tanks 1 which are not broken and inflow occurs, so that water quickly traverses and enters the side tanks 1 which are not broken, when the water inflow amounts in the two side tanks 1 are the same, the ship is changed from an inclined state to an aligned state, at the moment, the detection device detects that the depths of the water in the two side tanks 1 are equal, at the moment, the air extractor stops extracting the side tanks 1, and therefore, external water outside due to negative pressure in the side tanks 1 is prevented from entering the ship more.

It should be noted that, after the side tank 1 on one side breaks the tank and water enters, the size relationship between the depth of water in the side tank 1 that breaks the tank and water enters (hereinafter referred to as the first depth) and the depth of water in the side tank 1 that does not break the tank and water enters (hereinafter referred to as the second depth) may be a fluctuating state, that is: the first depth is larger than the second depth; under the action of the air extractor, the second depth is equal to the first depth, and the air extractor stops extracting air at the moment; the first depth is larger than the second depth again because the cabin is continuously broken and water is continuously fed, and the air extractor continuously extracts air; the air extracting device repeatedly extracts air and stops extracting air until the first depth is always equal to the second depth. The final balance of the water inflow in the blank tanks 1 at two sides is realized in a dynamic process after the ship breaks the tanks at one side and enters water through the arrangement of the air exhaust device, so that the condition that the inclination angle of the ship is overlarge is further avoided, and the stability of the ship after breaking the tanks is improved.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the air extractor comprises two air extracting components 4, the two air extracting components 4 are respectively used for extracting air from the two air side cabins 1, and the two air extracting components 4 are respectively arranged for extracting air from the corresponding air side cabins 1, so that the air extracting on-off control is simpler, and the arrangement of the air extractor on a ship is also facilitated.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the air extraction assembly 4 includes a blower 41 and a communicating pipe 42, two ends of the communicating pipe 42 are respectively communicated with the upper end of the corresponding air side cabin 1 and the air inlet of the blower 41, the air outlet of the blower 41 is communicated with the external atmosphere, and the blower 41 extracts air from the air side cabin 1 through the communicating pipe 42 and forms negative pressure in the air side cabin 1. Specifically, the power of the blower 41 may be selectively set according to the specific situation of the ship, which is not limited herein.

As shown in fig. 1, the first openings 61 are provided on the side plates on both sides in the ship width direction, respectively, and the air outlet of the blower 41 communicates with the first openings 61 on the corresponding side, thereby realizing communication between the blower 41 and the outside atmosphere. Preferably, the first opening 61 is located higher than the unprotected opening limit waterline L2 of the vessel. Since the first opening 61 is directly communicated with the external atmosphere without waterproof measures, the arrangement of the first opening 61 above the non-protective opening limiting waterline can prevent water from flowing backward from the first opening 61 into the corresponding empty side tanks 1 during operation of the ship.

It is to be understood that the foregoing examples of the invention are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, since modifications in both the detailed description and the application scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the teachings of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims

1. A marine vessel, comprising:

the two blank tanks (1) are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the ship in the width direction;

the empty bottom cabin (2) is arranged at the bottom of the ship, and two ends of the empty bottom cabin are respectively communicated with the two empty side cabins (1);

the detection device can respectively detect the depth of water in the two empty side cabins (1) in real time and identify the empty side cabins (1) with water inflow;

the air extracting device is electrically connected with the detecting device, and can extract air from the empty side cabin (1) which does not enter water after the detecting device identifies the empty side cabin (1) which enters water.

2. A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the detection means comprises:

the two water pressure detection probes (3) are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two empty side tanks (1), and the water pressure detection probes (3) acquire the depth of water in the corresponding empty side tanks (1) through detecting pressure;

the comparison module can send the depth of the detected water to the comparison module in real time by the two water pressure detection probes (3), and the comparison module can compare the depths of the water in the two empty side cabins (1) and identify that the empty side cabins (1) corresponding to the larger depth are subjected to water inflow.

3. A vessel according to claim 2, wherein the air extraction device does not extract air from either of the blank tanks (1) when the comparison module compares the depths of water detected by the two water pressure detection probes (3) to be equal.

4. A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the suction device comprises two suction assemblies (4), the two suction assemblies (4) being arranged to suction the two side tanks (1) respectively.

5. The ship according to claim 4, wherein the air extraction assembly (4) comprises a fan (41) and a communicating pipe (42), two ends of the communicating pipe (42) are respectively communicated with the upper end of the hollow side cabin (1) and the air inlet of the fan (41), and the air outlet of the fan (41) is communicated with the external atmosphere.

6. A ship as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the side plates on both sides in the width direction of the ship are provided with first openings (61), respectively, the air outlets of the fans (41) being in communication with the first openings (61) on the corresponding sides, the first openings (61) being located above the unprotected opening-limited waterline of the ship.

7. A vessel according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the vessel further comprises an alarm assembly, which alarm assembly is electrically connected to the detection means, which alarm assembly is capable of giving an alarm when the detection means detects that the water depth in any one of the side tanks (1) is greater than zero.

8. A vessel according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the vessel further comprises two gas permeable assemblies (5), each gas permeable assembly (5) being adapted to equalize the external atmospheric pressure of one of the blank tanks (1) when no broken tank water intake is occurring.

9. A ship according to claim 8, characterized in that the ventilation assembly (5) comprises a ventilation duct (51) and a self-closing air pipe head (52), the ventilation duct (51) communicating at one end with the upper end of the corresponding blank space (1) and at the other end with the self-closing air pipe head (52), the self-closing air pipe head (52) being capable of communicating with the external atmosphere.

10. A ship according to claim 9, characterized in that the side plates on both sides of the ship in the width direction are provided with second openings (62), respectively, each of the self-closing air pipe heads (52) being in communication with one of the second openings (62), the second opening (62) being located above the highest breaking line of the ship.