CN115089908B - Gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishment three-phase foam material, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishment three-phase foam material, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
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- A62C5/02—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
- A62C31/12—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing for delivering foam or atomised foam
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention provides a gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material, which comprises the following raw material components: the weight percentage of the coal gangue is 3.7 to 26.6 percent, the weight percentage of the water is 70.4 to 93.2 percent, the foaming agent is 0.2 to 0.8 percent, the foam stabilizer is 0.1 to 0.4 percent and the inert gas is 1.5 to 2.6 percent, and the total weight percentage of each component is 100 percent; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing and grinding coal gangue to obtain coal gangue powder, screening the obtained coal gangue powder by using an electromagnetic vibrating screen, and mixing and stirring the coal gangue powder with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm with water to obtain mixed slurry A; and step two, adding a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer into the prepared mixed slurry A to obtain mixed slurry B, continuing mixing and stirring, and continuously introducing pressurized inert gas into the mixed slurry B in the stirring process to obtain the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material. The three-phase foam material disclosed by the invention is a foam material consisting of a solid-liquid-gas three-phase system, and integrates the advantages of grouting fire prevention and extinguishment and inert gas injection fire prevention and extinguishment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of inorganic nonmetallic materials, relates to solid waste, and in particular relates to a gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishment three-phase foam material, a preparation method and application.
Background
Gangue is a solid waste generated in the coal washing process and accounts for about 10% -15% of the total amount of coal, so that the disposal of the gangue is directly related to the sustainable development of coal mines. The main disposal means of the coal gangue are landfill, underground filling, building material manufacturing and the like, and the pulping filling to a coal mine goaf seems to be widely accepted and adopted in consideration of treatment cost and environmental benefit, but the pulping filling treatment capacity is limited, so that development of more new technology processes is needed to enrich the coal gangue disposal means and increase the coal gangue disposal capacity.
Spontaneous combustion of coal is one of main disasters in the coal mining process, and not only can cause resource waste, but also can cause associated accidents with higher damage degree. The coal spontaneous combustion disaster prevention and control technology mainly adopts water injection, grouting and inert gas injection technologies, wherein the water injection grouting technology has low cost and simple technology, water or slurry is injected into a spontaneous combustion area to achieve the aim of extinguishing fire, but the water or slurry flows towards a place with low topography and is easy to run out and break out, and meanwhile, the two materials have low diffusion covering capacity and can not realize effective covering on the ignition area, and secondary spontaneous combustion is easy to occur in the spontaneous combustion area; compared with grouting or water injection, the injection of the inert gas can quickly separate oxygen from contacting with the spontaneous combustion area, so that fire extinguishment is realized rapidly, the gas has strong penetrating and diffusing capacity, the whole space of the spontaneous combustion area can be filled, the fire extinguishment effect and range are enhanced, but the technical cost is too high, and the fire extinguishment effect still cannot be maintained for a long time. Some scholars put forward to adopt organic foaming material to prevent and extinguish fire, and the material is utilized to realize the blocking of a fire area and realize the aim of high-efficient fire extinguishment for a long time, but the technology has high cost, the possibility of pollution of underground water by organic raw materials, more complex equipment, can not achieve the aim of local material taking and simple operation, and has a barrier in large-area use in mining areas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material, a preparation method and application thereof, and the advantages of grouting fire prevention and extinguishing and inert gas injection fire prevention and extinguishing are combined, a small amount of inert gas is wrapped in the foam and is introduced into a coal mine underground spontaneous combustion area in a grouting mode, so that effective fire prevention and coverage are realized, and the technical problems of difficult taking and complex process existing in the conventional coal mine fire prevention and extinguishing are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material comprises the following raw material components: the weight percentage of the coal gangue is 3.7-26.6%, the weight percentage of water is 70.4-93.2%, the weight percentage of foaming agent is 0.2-0.8%, the weight percentage of foam stabilizer is 0.1-0.4% and the weight percentage of inert gas is 1.5-2.6%, and the total weight percentage of each component is 100%.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
specifically, the gangue comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass 2 55.1～68.3％， Al 2 O 3 14.2～30.7％，Fe 2 O 3 1.4～8.1％，CaO 0.7～4.7％，MgO 0.5～1.3％，K 2 O 2.1～2.9％，TiO 2 0.4 to 0.9 percent, and 1.5 to 2.5 percent of other trace components, wherein the mass percent of each component is 100 percent.
Further, the foam stabilizer is compounded by 30-40% of calcium stearate and 60-70% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate compound surfactant according to mass percent.
Still further, the inert gas includes carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas; the foaming agent comprises two or more of lauric acid, fatty alcohol and rosin soap.
Still further, the inert gas includes carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas.
Further, the apparent density of the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material is 500-1000 kg/m 3 The half life is 30-140 min, the foaming multiple is 2-5 times, the viscosity is 0.1-0.4 mPa.s, and the shearing stress is 0.4-1.2 dyn/cm 2 。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material, which comprises the following steps:
crushing and grinding coal gangue to obtain coal gangue powder, screening the obtained coal gangue powder by using an electromagnetic vibrating screen, and then mixing and stirring the coal gangue powder with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm and water at the speed of 50-100 r/min for 5-10 min to obtain mixed slurry A;
adding a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer into the prepared mixed slurry A to obtain mixed slurry B, continuously mixing and stirring for 5-10 min, and continuously introducing pressurized inert gas into the mixed slurry B in the stirring process to obtain the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material;
wherein, the mass percent of the coal gangue is 3.7 to 26.6 percent, the water is 70.4 to 93.2 percent, the foaming agent is 0.2 to 0.8 percent, the foam stabilizer is 0.1 to 0.4 percent and the inert gas is 1.5 to 2.6 percent.
In the second step, the speed of mixing and stirring is 100-200 r/min, the duration of mixing and stirring is 5-10 min, and inert gas is pumped from the bottom of the stirring container after being pressurized to 0.1Mpa by a compressor.
Optionally, the preparation method specifically includes:
crushing and grinding coal gangue to obtain coal gangue powder, screening the obtained coal gangue powder by using an electromagnetic vibrating screen, and then mixing and stirring the coal gangue powder with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm with water at the speed of 50r/min for 5min to obtain mixed slurry A;
adding a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer into the prepared mixed slurry A, continuously stirring for 10min, and continuously introducing nitrogen which is pressurized to 0.1Mpa by a compressor into the mixed slurry B in the stirring process to obtain a gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material;
wherein, the mass percent is 15.7 percent of gangue, 0.2 percent of foam stabilizer, 2.3 percent of nitrogen, 81.4 percent of water and 0.4 percent of foaming agent.
The invention also protects the application of the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material in underground coal mine fire prevention and extinguishing; or the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material prepared by the preparation method is applied to underground fire prevention and extinguishing of coal mines.
The gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material and the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material prepared by the preparation method of the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material are used for underground fire prevention and extinguishing of coal mines.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the coal gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material disclosed by the invention is a foam material consisting of a solid-liquid-gas three-phase system, integrates the advantages of grouting fire prevention and extinguishing and inert gas injection fire prevention and extinguishing, has low density, high stability and excellent fluidity, is introduced into a coal mine underground spontaneous combustion area in a grouting mode, and can be used for directly using coal mine fire prevention and extinguishing, so that the purpose of in-situ treatment of coal gangue is realized while the coal mine spontaneous combustion area is effectively extinguished.
According to the preparation method of the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material, through modification of gangue powder, the gangue particles are stably loaded on the surfaces of bubbles and kept for a sufficient stable time; the solid waste of the coal gangue is used as a raw material, so that the raw material can be obtained locally, the production of the three-phase material is facilitated, meanwhile, the means of comprehensive utilization of the coal gangue are enriched, and the cost brought by coal mine disposal of the coal gangue can be greatly reduced.
According to the preparation method of the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material, the inert gas and the gangue slurry are coupled into the three-phase foam material by using high-speed stirring and pressurizing bubbling, so that the foaming efficiency is increased, the use amount of the inert gas is reduced, the preparation cost of the three-phase foam material is reduced, the inert gas can use a plurality of inert gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like, and different gas components can be selected at any time according to the fire prevention requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the gangue-based fire preventing and extinguishing three-phase foam material;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the foam half life, expansion ratio and foam integrated value of the three-phase foam obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing foam half-life, expansion ratio and foam integrated value of the three-phase foam obtained in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the foam half life, expansion ratio and foam integrated value of the three-phase foam obtained in example 3;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing foam half-life, expansion ratio and foam integrated value of the three-phase foam obtained in example 4;
FIG. 6 is a rheological profile of the three-phase foam obtained in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a rheological profile of the three-phase foam obtained in example 2;
FIG. 8 is a rheological profile of the three-phase foam obtained in example 3;
FIG. 9 is a rheological profile of the three-phase foam obtained in example 4;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the temperature profile of the fire extinguishing process obtained in comparative example 1;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the temperature profile of the fire extinguishing process obtained in example 1.
The details of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on embodiments of the invention, which are available to one of ordinary skill in the art are within the scope of the invention.
All the raw materials in the present invention are known in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The technical conception of the application is as follows: the coal gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material is prepared from coal gangue, water, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer and inert gas, has low density, high stability and excellent fluidity, can wrap a small amount of inert gas in foam and is injected into a coal mine underground spontaneous combustion area in a grouting mode, and when the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material contacts the spontaneous combustion area, a foam liquid film of the three-phase foam material is heated and ruptured to release moisture, so that the temperature inside and on the surface of the spontaneous combustion area is obviously reduced, and the fire prevention and extinguishing effect is achieved.
In this application, the conditions of the materials used are as follows:
the coal gangue is solid waste produced by coal mining, and the particle size of the coal gangue powder after crushing, grinding and screening mainly comprises 0.297mm, 0.147mm, 0.097mm and 0.075mm.
According to the technical scheme, the invention discloses a gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishment three-phase foam material, which comprises the following raw material components: the weight percentage of the coal gangue is 3.7-26.6%, the weight percentage of water is 70.4-93.2%, the weight percentage of foaming agent is 0.2-0.8%, the weight percentage of foam stabilizer is 0.1-0.4% and the weight percentage of inert gas is 1.5-2.6%, and the total weight percentage of each component is 100%.
Specifically, the gangue comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass 2 55.1～68.3％， Al 2 O 3 14.2～30.7％，Fe 2 O 3 1.4～8.1％，CaO 0.7～4.7％，MgO 0.5～1.3％，K 2 O 2.1～2.9％，TiO 2 0.4 to 0.9 percent, and 1.5 to 2.5 percent of other trace components, wherein the mass percent of each component is 100 percent.
Further, the foam stabilizer is compounded by 30-40% of calcium stearate and 60-70% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate compound surfactant according to mass percent.
Further, the inert gas includes carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas; the foaming agent comprises two or more of lauric acid, fatty alcohol and rosin soap.
Further, the apparent density of the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material is 500-1000 kg/m 3 The half life is 30-140 min, the foaming multiple is 2-5 times, the viscosity is 0.1-0.4 mPa.s, and the shearing stress is 0.4-1.2 dyn/cm 2 。
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material, which comprises the following steps:
crushing and grinding coal gangue to obtain coal gangue powder, screening the obtained coal gangue powder by using an electromagnetic vibrating screen, and mixing and stirring the coal gangue powder with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm with water to obtain mixed slurry A;
and step two, adding a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer into the prepared mixed slurry A to obtain mixed slurry B, continuing mixing and stirring, and continuously introducing pressurized inert gas into the mixed slurry B in the stirring process to obtain the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material.
Wherein, the mass percent of the coal gangue is 3.7 to 26.6 percent, the water is 70.4 to 93.2 percent, the foaming agent is 0.2 to 0.8 percent, the foam stabilizer is 0.1 to 0.4 percent and the inert gas is 1.5 to 2.6 percent.
Specifically, in the second step, the speed of mixing and stirring is 100-200 r/min, the duration of mixing and stirring is 5-10 min, and inert gas is introduced from the bottom of the stirring container after being pressurized to 0.1Mpa by a compressor.
The invention also discloses application of the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishment three-phase foam material in underground coal mine fire prevention and extinguishment; or the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material prepared by the preparation method is applied to underground fire prevention and extinguishing of coal mines.
The following specific embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
eight groups of gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam materials with different proportions are provided in the embodiment, and the foam materials comprise the following raw material components: the mass percentage of the gangue is 15.7%, the foam stabilizer is 0.2%, the nitrogen is 2.3%, the total amount of water and the foaming agent is 81.8%, and the foaming agent accounts for 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7% and 0.8% of the mass of water in the eight groups of gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam materials respectively.
In the embodiment, the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material is prepared by the following method:
crushing and grinding coal gangue to obtain coal gangue powder, screening the obtained coal gangue powder by using an electromagnetic vibrating screen, and then mixing and stirring the coal gangue powder with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm with water at the speed of 50r/min for 5min to obtain mixed slurry A;
and step two, adding a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer into the prepared mixed slurry A to obtain mixed slurry B, continuously stirring for 10min, and continuously introducing nitrogen which is pressurized to 0.1Mpa by a compressor into the mixed slurry B in the stirring process to obtain the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material.
Wherein the foaming agent is formed by compounding 20% of lauric acid, 20% of fatty alcohol and 60% of rosin soap, and the foam stabilizer is formed by compounding 30% of calcium stearate and 70% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
In the embodiment, eight groups of gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam materials with different foaming agent contents are finally obtained, and then curves of foam half-life, foam expansion and foam comprehensive value of the three-phase foam materials are drawn under different foaming agent addition amounts, as shown in fig. 2;
meanwhile, parameters such as fluidity, shear stress, viscosity and the like of the obtained gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material are explored by using a rheology analyzer, a theoretical basis is provided for the actual filling process of the three-phase foam material, and the rheological curves of the three-phase foam material are shown in figure 6 under different finally obtained foaming agent addition amounts.
Wherein, the rheological data is specifically analyzed as follows:
the shear stress and apparent viscosity of the three-phase foam were tested using a Brookfield DV3T rheometer with the SC4-21 rotor selected, and developed according to the following test procedure:
(1) Firstly, the rheometer rotates for 30 seconds at 30 revolutions per second, and finally the revolution is reduced to 0, so that the freshly mixed slurry is in a uniformly distributed state;
(2) Each sample was then tested according to this set test protocol, with each set test revolution remaining for 3 seconds, increasing in 2 revolutions until a maximum shear revolution of 95 per second was reached, starting with 1 revolution per second.
(3) And fitting the shear rate and the shear stress of each group of samples through two rheological models of Bing ham and Herschel-bulk, and selecting a fitting result with better fitting degree in the two models to obtain the yield stress and apparent viscosity experimental result of each group of samples.
And (3) testing fire prevention and extinguishing performance:
the prepared gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material is used for testing fire extinguishing performance, a foam fire extinguishing experiment platform is independently built in a laboratory, a burning coal pile is used as a fire source, thermocouples are respectively arranged on the surface and the upper side of the fire source, the temperature change of the coal pile in the fire extinguishing process is monitored in real time, and meanwhile, a temperature data real-time collection system is equipped.
In the fire prevention and extinguishing performance test, the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material is used for carrying out fire extinguishing experiments on a burning coal pile. And when the temperature is stable and reaches about 700 ℃, the prepared three-phase foam material is injected into the spontaneous combustion coal pile, and besides the temperature data of a fire source are recorded in real time through a thermocouple, the covering effect of the foam on the high-temperature fire source and the coal pile in the fire extinguishing process and the changing process of the foam form are required to be observed in the experiment until the temperature of the coal is stable.
The fire extinguishing effect of the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material is shown in fig. 11, when the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material contacts fire coal, the temperature inside and on the surface of a combustion coal pile show a trend of rapid decrease, which indicates that the foam liquid film is heated and ruptured to release water, and the effect of cooling is instantaneously achieved.
The test of fire prevention and extinguishing performance shows that: in the fire extinguishing process of the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material, the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material has good heat insulation performance and thermal stability, has good water retention property, and can quickly absorb heat to reduce temperature when a large amount of water-containing foam contacts fire coal, so that a good fire extinguishing effect is achieved; after 30min of coal gangue-based three-phase foam material injection, the inside and the surface of the coal pile are basically restored to the ambient temperature.
Example 2:
seven groups of gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam materials with different proportions are provided in the embodiment, and the foam materials comprise the following raw material components: the mass percentage of the gangue is 15.6%, the foaming agent is 0.4%, the inert gas is 2.3%, the total amount of water and the foam stabilizer is 81.7%, and the foam stabilizer accounts for 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7% of the mass of water in the seven groups of gangue-based three-phase foam materials for preventing and extinguishing fire respectively.
The preparation method of the gangue-based fire preventing and extinguishing three-phase foam material of this example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the preparation was performed according to the formulation of this example.
In this example, curves of foam half-life, expansion times and foam integrated values of the three-phase foam material are obtained under different foam stabilizer addition amounts, as shown in fig. 3; meanwhile, parameters such as flowability, shearing stress, viscosity and the like of the three-phase foam material are explored by using a rheology analyzer, a theoretical basis is provided for the actual filling process of the three-phase foam material, and the rheological curves of the three-phase foam material are shown in figure 7 under different addition amounts of foam stabilizer finally obtained.
The specific analysis method of the rheological data is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3:
eight groups of gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam materials are provided in the embodiment, and the foam materials comprise the following raw material components: the foaming agent comprises, by mass, 1.8% of a foaming agent, 1.2% of a foam stabilizer, 12.6% of an inert gas, and 84.4% of coal gangue and water, wherein the coal gangue accounts for 4.7-28.6% of the water.
The preparation method of the gangue-based fire preventing and extinguishing three-phase foam material of this example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the preparation was performed according to the formulation of this example.
The curves of the foam half-life, the foam multiple and the foam comprehensive value of the three-phase foam material obtained in the embodiment are shown in figure 4 under different water-solid ratios; meanwhile, parameters such as flowability, shearing stress, viscosity and the like of the three-phase foam material are explored by using a rheology analyzer, a theoretical basis is provided for the actual filling process of the three-phase foam material, and finally, the rheological curves of the three-phase foam material under different water-solid ratios are shown in figure 8.
The specific analysis method of the rheological data is the same as that of example 1.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material, which comprises the following raw material components: according to the preparation method of the embodiment 1, four mixed slurries with 0.297mm, 0.147mm, 0.097mm and 0.075mm of gangue powder as fillers are respectively obtained, and finally the four gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam materials with different particle sizes of the gangue powder are obtained.
The preparation method of the gangue-based fire preventing and extinguishing three-phase foam material of this example is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the preparation was performed according to the formulation of this example.
The curves of the foam half-life, the foaming times and the foam comprehensive values of the three-phase foam material under different particle size distributions of the coal gangue obtained in the embodiment are shown in figure 5; meanwhile, parameters such as flowability, shearing stress, viscosity and the like of the three-phase foam material are explored by using a rheology analyzer, a theoretical basis is provided for the actual filling process of the three-phase foam material, and the rheological curves of the three-phase foam material under different finally obtained coal gangue particle size distributions are shown in figure 9.
The specific analysis method of the rheological data is the same as that of example 1.
From the 8 sets of experiments shown in fig. 2, it can be seen that as the concentration of the blowing agent increases, the expansion ratio increases, because the increase in the concentration of the blowing agent reduces the gas/liquid interfacial tension, and bubbles are more likely to be generated; the half-life and the comprehensive value of the foam are increased and then reduced, and when the concentration of the foaming agent is 0.3-0.5 wt%, the half-life and the comprehensive value of the foam are relatively better, and the foam performance is optimal.
From the 7 sets of experiments shown in fig. 3, it can be found that as the concentration of the foam stabilizer increases, the foaming multiple, the half-life of the foam and the foam integrated value are increased and then decreased, and when the concentration of the foam stabilizer is 0.1-0.2 wt%, the half-life of the foam and the foam integrated value are relatively better, and the foam performance is optimal. The sample 0 without foam stabilizer is compared, the foam half life is obviously improved by up to 20%, because the introduction of the foam stabilizer changes the surface property of particles, so that the particles are easier to attach to a liquid film of bubbles, and when the foam stabilizer is excessively added (the concentration is more than 0.3 wt%), all the properties of the three-phase foam are obviously reduced.
From the 8 sets of tests shown in fig. 4, it can be found that the three-phase foam expansion ratio and the foam integrated value of the coal gangue increase with the increase of the water-solid ratio, and the half life of the foam increases and then decreases. The water-solid ratio is an index for intuitively representing the solid content carried by the three-phase foam, and although the increase of the water-solid ratio is beneficial to the comprehensive performance of the three-phase foam, the excessively low solid content reduces the solid content carrying capacity of the three-phase foam and reduces the coverage effect of the three-phase material. It can be clearly observed from the physical diagram that as the water-solid ratio increases, the foam color gradually becomes lighter and gradually approaches to the two-phase foam, and when the water-solid ratio is too small, the three-phase foam is difficult to form, because the adsorption of solid phase particles on the interface is saturated due to the too high solid phase concentration, and the redundant solid phase particles exist in the liquid phase to form a space structure with the solid phase particles on the interface, and meanwhile, the viscosity of the liquid phase is increased, and the difficulty of forming the foam is increased, so that the foaming multiple of the three-phase foam, the half-life of the foam and the comprehensive value of the foam are reduced.
From the 7 sets of tests shown in fig. 5, it can be found that the three-phase foam expansion times, the foam half-lives and the foam integrated values of the coal gangue increase with the decrease of the particle size, and the three-phase foam properties gradually stabilize when the particle size is higher than 200 meshes. As the particle size decreases, more gangue particles may be carried by the foam, and the powder and foam combined more uniformly.
(2) Rheological property research of coal gangue-based three-phase foam materials:
from FIGS. 6 and 7, it can be seen that the higher the concentration of the foaming agent and the foam stabilizer, the higher the shear stress, and the viscosity gradually becomes stable when the rheometer speed reaches 50 r/min. It can be seen from fig. 8 that the higher the water-to-solid ratio, the lower the viscosity of the three-phase material, which can lead to foaming difficulties, and that too high a water-to-solid ratio is detrimental to the preparation of the three-phase foam. It can be seen from fig. 9 that the rheological properties of the different gangue particle size distributions are substantially similar, but at low rotational speeds, the smaller the particle size, the greater the viscosity, which is advantageous for rapid preparation of three-phase materials.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a concrete application of the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material for underground fire prevention and extinguishment of a coal mine, when the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material is used, firstly, drilling is completed in a region needing fire prevention and extinguishment treatment, then the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material is directionally injected into a fire source position of a goaf in the coal mine through the drilling, a coal gangue-based three-phase foam material isolation belt is formed in the fire source region, an air leakage channel leading to a loose coal body is blocked, and meanwhile leakage of toxic and harmful gas is reduced. In the embodiment, no repetition occurs after the gas temperature near the fire source is reduced to the normal underground temperature, which indicates that the coal gangue-based three-phase foam material can effectively treat the fire area in the underground goaf of the coal mine.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example adopts the existing fly ash composite colloid fire-preventing and extinguishing material, and the fire-preventing and extinguishing performance test method is the same as that of the example 1.
The final fire extinguishing effect of the comparative example is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen from the figure that when the coal is contacted with the coal-fired composite colloid fire extinguishing material, the temperatures inside and on the surface of the coal pile are rapidly reduced, but in the fire extinguishing process of the coal ash composite colloid fire extinguishing material, the temperatures inside and on the surface of the fire source are obviously raised, mainly because the water retention performance of the coal ash composite colloid fire extinguishing material is poor, a large amount of water is lost, and the continuous cooling effect is poor; in addition, as the grouting amount of the fly ash composite colloid fire prevention and extinguishing material is increased, the temperature of the fire coal is lowered slowly, when the fire extinguishing time reaches 30min, the internal temperature of the fire coal is still above 100 ℃, and the surface temperature is still above 50 ℃.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. The gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material is characterized by comprising the following raw material components: the weight percentage of the coal gangue is 3.7 to 26.6 percent, the weight percentage of the water is 70.4 to 93.2 percent, the foaming agent is 0.2 to 0.8 percent, the foam stabilizer is 0.1 to 0.4 percent and the inert gas is 1.5 to 2.6 percent, and the total weight percentage of each component is 100 percent;
the gangue comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass of SiO 2
55.1～68.3％，Al 2 O 3 14.2～30.7％，Fe 2 O 3 1.4～8.1％，CaO 0.7～4.7％，MgO 0.5～1.3％，K 2 O 2.1～2.9％，TiO 2 0.4 to 0.9 percent, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of other trace components, and the mass percent of each component is 100 percent;
the foam stabilizer is prepared by compounding 30-40% of calcium stearate and 60-70% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate composite surfactant according to mass percent;
the preparation method of the three-phase foam material comprises the following steps:
crushing and grinding coal gangue to obtain coal gangue powder, screening the obtained coal gangue powder by using an electromagnetic vibrating screen, and then mixing and stirring the coal gangue powder with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm and water at the speed of 50-100 r/min for 5-10 min to obtain mixed slurry A;
adding a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer into the prepared mixed slurry A to obtain mixed slurry B, continuously mixing and stirring for 5-10 min, and continuously introducing pressurized inert gas into the mixed slurry B in the stirring process to obtain the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material;
wherein, the mass percent of the coal gangue is 3.7 to 26.6 percent, the water is 70.4 to 93.2 percent, the foaming agent is 0.2 to 0.8 percent, the foam stabilizer is 0.1 to 0.4 percent and the inert gas is 1.5 to 2.6 percent;
in the second step, the speed of mixing and stirring is 100-200 r/min, the duration of mixing and stirring is 5-10 min, and inert gas is introduced from the bottom of the stirring container after being pressurized to 0.1Mpa by a compressor.
2. The coal gangue based fire fighting triphase foam material of claim 1, wherein the inert gas comprises carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas; the foaming agent comprises two or more of lauric acid, fatty alcohol and rosin soap.
3. The coal gangue based fire fighting three phase foam material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the apparent density of the coal gangue based fire fighting three phase foam material is 500-1000 kg/m 3 The half life is 30-140 min, the foaming multiple is 2-5 times, the viscosity is 0.1-0.4 mPa.s, and the shearing stress is 0.4-1.2 dyn/cm 2 。
4. The coal gangue based fire control three-phase foam material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation of the three-phase foam material comprises the following specific steps:
crushing and grinding coal gangue to obtain coal gangue powder, screening the obtained coal gangue powder by using an electromagnetic vibrating screen, and then mixing and stirring the coal gangue powder with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm with water at the speed of 50r/min for 5min to obtain mixed slurry A;
adding a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer into the prepared mixed slurry A to obtain mixed slurry B, continuously stirring for 10min, and continuously introducing nitrogen which is pressurized to 0.1Mpa by a compressor into the mixed slurry B in the stirring process to obtain the gangue-based fire prevention and extinguishing three-phase foam material;
wherein, the mass percent is 15.7 percent of gangue, 0.2 percent of foam stabilizer, 2.3 percent of nitrogen, 81.4 percent of water and 0.4 percent of foaming agent.
5. Use of the coal gangue based fire control three-phase foam material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for fire control downhole in a coal mine.
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