CN115088585A - Method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertification areas by using saline waste residue soil - Google Patents
Method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertification areas by using saline waste residue soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115088585A CN115088585A CN202210766717.1A CN202210766717A CN115088585A CN 115088585 A CN115088585 A CN 115088585A CN 202210766717 A CN202210766717 A CN 202210766717A CN 115088585 A CN115088585 A CN 115088585A
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- waste residue
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzimidazol-1-yl]-3-[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]thiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=1C(C)OC(=C(S1)C(N)=O)C=C1N(C1=C2)C=NC1=CC=C2CN1CCN(C)CC1 ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 24
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RDPLOLUNEKBWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;sodium;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RDPLOLUNEKBWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001116389 Aloe Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283007 Cervus nippon Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007696 Kjeldahl method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertification areas by using saline waste residue soil, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 60-85% of salt-containing waste residue soil, 1-8% of water-holding material, 5-20% of organic solid waste and 3-25% of nutrient solution; the soil prepared by the method has the capability of meeting the growth of plants in alpine regions, has the capability of keeping free water required by the growth of the plants at the temperature of-8 to-11 ℃, and has lower water-soluble salt; the soil has higher nutrient element content, meets most basic substances required by the growth of plants, and can meet the normal growth requirement of the plants in extreme environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil utilization of solid wastes in alpine and desertification areas, and particularly relates to a method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertification areas by using salt-containing solid wastes.
Background
Soil characteristics in alpine and desertification areas: 1. in natural geography, higher plants cannot grow due to low temperature and short growing season, partial water in plant bodies is lost after rootstocks of the plants are frozen, and some physiological functions are also lost to freeze, so that cells of the plants are frozen, the inner walls of the cells are cracked, the water in the cells of the plants is quickly lost, and the partial or whole plants are killed. 2. The salinized soil distribution area generally has the characteristics of low precipitation, strong evaporation, low and flat landform, shallow underground water burying depth, high underground water mineralization, salt-containing formed soil matrix and the like. The saline soil has too high soil salt concentration, so that the root system of the crop cannot effectively absorb water and nutrients in the soil, the symptoms of nutrient deficiency appear, the symptoms are shown as weak growth, yellowing, wilting, weak root system and the like, and the root system is dead in severe cases, so that the whole plant is withered. 3. The damage of the ecological system is caused by the influence of natural factors and human activities, so that the change similar to a desert environment appears in the original non-desert area. The desert soil has large day-night temperature difference and violent water freezing-thawing and volatilization behaviors, so that plants cannot grow normally, and the water content and water retention capacity of the desert soil are reduced, so that the plants cannot be planted due to water shortage in the growth process of the plants.
Aiming at the existing high-cold frozen soil restoration technology, the method mainly comprises two types: one of the methods is to add an antifreeze into the soil to reduce the freezing point of water in the soil and achieve flowing water required by the normal growth of plants, and the other method is to spray a chemical agent on the surface of the plants, solidify the chemical agent into a film to inhibit the dissipation of the heat of the plants, and supply nutrition to the plants to play a role of plant building so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of freezing injury; aiming at the existing restoration technology of the salinized soil, the technologies of planting salt-tolerant plants, fertilizing the soil, scientifically irrigating and the like are selected; aiming at the problem of desertification soil, the method in the prior art has the steps of endowing the mechanical state of sand soil, namely applying universal combination constraint between sand particles, so as to change the mechanical state of the sand, ensure that the sand obtains the ecological mechanical property of the soil, ensure that the sand is in a rheological state when being wet and in a solid state when being dry, and can be continuously and stably converted along with the change of the dry and wet states of the soil.
In CN201710490468.7, the inventor provides a multifunctional nutrient soil formula and a preparation method, wherein the formula comprises sandy loam, wormcast, sika deer feces, urea, calcium superphosphate, attapulgite, sodium bicarbonate, high-quality peat, perlite, decomposed straw, edible fungus sticks, plant ash, controlled release fertilizer, vinasse, rice hulls, aloe and deionized water; although the multifunctional nutrient soil is prepared by combining sandy soil and natural animal and plant organic essential fertilizers, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is improved, the air permeability of the soil is effectively improved, and the stress resistance and disease prevention are strong, the fundamental current situation is not changed, the water absorption and retention capacity cannot be fully exerted, the defect of water loss of sandy soil is overcome, and the performance of the multifunctional nutrient soil in an extreme environment cannot be ensured. CN201910364159.4 provides a desert sand modifier and a preparation method thereof, wherein the desert sand modifier is prepared from the following raw materials: fly ash, bentonite, organic fertilizer, humic acid, chitin fiber, seaweed extract, sodium lignosulphonate and microbial agent. The modifier is added into the desert sandy soil, so that the water absorption and retention performance of the sandy soil is improved to a certain extent, but the fundamental current situation is not changed, the water absorption and retention capacity of the modifier cannot fully play a role, the defect of water loss of the sandy soil is overcome, and the performance of the modifier in an extreme environment cannot be ensured.
The existing soil improvement agent and restoration agent related technologies and methods still have great defects in the aspect of solving the problems of water, soil and nutrition conservation under extreme freeze-thaw conditions in alpine and desertification areas, and the existing salinized soil improvement technology has great defects in plateau areas. Such as: 1. perennial or seasonal frozen soil can appear in alpine and high-altitude areas and desertification areas, so that soil hardening, free water solidification and rapid day and night temperature difference change can be caused, the water in the soil can be quickly volatilized, and the related problems can not be solved by the prior art and the method; 2. the high salinity of the saline-alkali soil is not fundamentally changed, and the prior art does not develop and recycle the saline-alkali soil, thereby causing further deterioration of the soil environment.
The recycling of saline soil and saline solid waste in western and northern plateau areas of China, the reduction of frozen soil period and the limitation of desertification are problems to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertification areas by using waste residue soil containing salt, aiming at the problems that the salt washing and improving cost of the existing salinized soil is high, the utilization rate of solid wastes containing salt is low, the cultivation period under the extreme freeze thawing condition in the alpine and desertification areas at high altitude is short, the water and soil and nutrition maintaining performance is poor and the like.
The method comprises the steps of utilizing saline waste residue soil as a soil main body (provided with salts to reduce freezing points, wherein the salt is mainly heavy metal required by plant growth, but has a stabilizing effect on the heavy metal), crushing and screening the saline waste residue soil, fully mixing the crushed and screened saline waste residue soil with an additional material, fermenting the mixture completely in a fermentation tank, and solarizing the fermented mixture to prepare nutrient soil, so that the soil is not frozen and frozen under a natural environment, higher water content can be kept in a high-temperature area, and natural circulation of water in the soil is kept, so that the growth conditions required by plants are met; the soil utilization is realized in a mode of adding materials, and the soil has higher frost resistance, water retention and fertilizer retention performances, so that the purpose of recycling the waste residue soil nearby is realized, and the applicability of the high-nutrition planting soil is greatly improved.
The method for planting soil in the alpine and desertification areas is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 60-85% of salt-containing waste residue soil, 1-8% of water-holding material, 5-20% of organic solid waste and 3-25% of nutrient solution.
The method specifically comprises the steps of mixing salt-containing waste residue soil with the particle size of less than 2.5mm with a water-holding material, organic solid waste and a nutrient solution, pouring the mixture into a fermentation tank, wherein the filling amount of the fermentation tank is 1/3-2/3 of the volume of the mixture, the water content of the mixture is 45% -65%, the fermentation temperature is 30-55 ℃, the fermentation days are 15-25 days, and after the fermentation is finished, the water content of the material is reduced to 20% -32% through solarization, and crushing the material to the particle size of less than 2.5 mm.
The saline waste residue soil is one or more of phosphogypsum, desulfurized gypsum, copper tailings, iron tailings, gold tailings and salinized soil, or sandy soil is added into the saline waste residue soil, wherein the salinized soil comprises bicarbonate sodium soil, bicarbonate soil, sulfate calcium soil and sulfate magnesium sodium soil.
The water holding material is one or more of biochar, rice hull, mushroom dreg, coconut husk, bagasse and sawdust.
The organic solid waste is one or more of municipal domestic sewage sludge, pig manure, cattle manure, landscaping waste and biogas residue.
The nutrient solution per liter contains 0.1-0.8 g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.04-0.3 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.05-0.4 g of ferrous sulfate, 0.05-0.3 g of magnesium sulfate and one or more of zinc sulfate, boric acid and ammonium chloride with the addition amount of 0.01g, and the pH value is 6-8.5.
The planting soil in the alpine and desertification areas fully exerts the economic and environment-friendly values of the planting soil by utilizing the nutrient elements contained in the saline waste residue soil, the heavy metal elements can play a role of reducing the freezing point of water in the soil by sodium salt and an additional antifreeze agent to a certain extent, the effect of reducing the freezing point of free water in the soil is achieved, the water required by plant growth is ensured, and the soil antifreezing mechanism is the ice crystal distortion theory. Pure water freezes at 0 ℃, and water molecules are polymerized into a huge molecular aggregate due to the action of hydrogen bonds, so that the frost heaviness is very strong. The water solution doped with available heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe, Mn, etc.) and salts begins to precipitate ice at the temperature lower than the freezing point, and the precipitated ice crystals are fine and flocculent due to the interference effect of the available heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe, Mn, etc.) and the salts on hydrogen bonds between water molecules, and are very soft in macroscopic view, and the frost heaving stress is greatly reduced. The anti-freezing function has the following action modes: available heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe, Mn, etc.) and salts have very low eutectic temperature with water, and can lower the freezing point of water to make the soil still be hydrated at negative temperature, such as sodium nitrite and sodium chloride.
The application of the water-holding material can improve the water-containing capacity of the prepared soil, protect the soil water from drastic temperature change in alpine desert regions to reduce the reaction and fix free heavy metal ions in the cold-resistant drought soil; the organic solid waste is applied to promote the formation of high-nutrient soil and adjust the physicochemical property of the cultured soil; on one hand, the nutrient solution is used for adding nutrient elements in soil, meeting the requirement of normal growth and development of plants, increasing the water content of the soil and promoting soil fermentation; another aspect is to adjust the physicochemical properties between the water holding material, nutrient solution and spoil soil, such as: the leaching of toxic and harmful substances and the leaching of the excited and solidified heavy metals generated when the substances interact with each other are prevented.
The method has the advantages and the technical effects that:
the saline waste residue soil is used as a main body of the nutrient soil, and some heavy metal ions (heavy metal factors required by plant growth such as Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe, Mn and the like) contained in the saline waste residue soil can play a role in reducing the freezing point of water in the soil by using metal salt to a certain extent, so that the saline waste solidification characteristic is fully utilized, and the capability of reducing the freezing point without adding an antifreezing agent is achieved; the application of the salinization and desertification soil not only leads the salinization and desertification soil to be resource and environment-friendly, but also can utilize the rich salt substances and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, thereby achieving the purposes of promoting the formation of the culture cold-resistant and drought-resistant soil and fully utilizing various effects of the abandoned muck; the high-nutrient soil has the corresponding functions of regulating and protecting the normal growth and development of plants in the extreme environment of high cold and high temperature, has the capabilities of retaining water, gathering water and condensing water, can keep sufficient free water and lasting water-retaining and high-nutrition capabilities, and meets the requirement of normal growth and development of the plants in the extreme environment.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described contents, and the raw materials in the examples are all conventional commercially available raw materials unless otherwise specified;
in the following examples, the leaching content of heavy metals in soil was measured by a heavy metal leaching toxicity detection method, standard No. [ horizontal oscillation method for leaching toxicity of solid waste ]: HJ 557-2010, and measuring the content of free water in the soil below the freezing point by a resistance method. The content of water-soluble salt in the soil is determined by a conductivity method, and the method is used for determining the content of the water-soluble salt (the content of the water-soluble salt in the saline-alkali residue soil is detected before fermentation) by mainly utilizing the relation between the concentrations of metal sodium and magnesium in saline-alkali soil water solution and the conductivity. The total nitrogen is determined by a soil quality Kjeldahl method, and the standard number is as follows: HJ 717-2014. The soil total phosphorus is measured by an alkali fusion-molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometry method, and the standard number is as follows: HJ 632 + 2011. Soil total potassium was determined by soil total potassium assay, standard no: GB/T9836-88.
Performing an experiment on the prepared soil to ensure that the prepared soil fully absorbs water and then is dried, weighing the soil before and after the prepared soil, and then applying the soil water content = (the mass of the aluminum box and the soil sample before drying-the mass of the aluminum box and the soil sample after drying)/(the mass of the aluminum box and the soil sample after drying-the mass of the aluminum box and the soil sample after drying) to 100%; the water content per unit volume of soil can be used as the water retention of the soil.
Example 1: in this example, the method for preparing the planting soil in the alpine and desertification areas from the saline waste residue soil is as follows:
1. the raw materials comprise: 40% of salinized soil (20% of sodium bicarbonate soil and 20% of sodium magnesium sulfate soil) around a salt lake on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, 20% of phosphogypsum, 1% of biochar, 1% of rice husk, 1% of mushroom residue, 1% of coconut residues, 4% of municipal domestic sewage sludge, 6% of pig manure, 3% of landscaping waste and 3% of biogas residues, wherein the nutrient solution is formed by adding 0.3g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.25g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3g of ferrous sulfate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.01g of zinc sulfate and 0.01g of boric acid into 1L of water, and the pH value is 6.8;
2. crushing the salinized soil and the phosphogypsum in a crusher to below 2.5nm, mixing the salinized soil and the phosphogypsum with a water-holding material, organic solid waste and a nutrient solution, pouring the mixture into a fermentation tank, wherein the filling amount of the fermentation tank is 1/2 of the volume of the mixture, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 54%, the temperature of the fermentation tank to 45 ℃, completing fermentation after 17 days of fermentation, taking out a fermentation product, solarizing for 1 day until the water content is 23%, and crushing the fermentation product to a particle size of below 2.5mm to obtain the saline waste residue soil for preparing the planting soil in the alpine and desertification areas;
the detection result is shown in the table, and the table shows that the prepared soil has the capability of meeting the plant growth in alpine regions, has the capability of keeping free water required by the plant growth at the temperature of-8 ℃, and has lower water-soluble salt; the soil has higher nutrient element content, and meets the basic substances required by the growth of most plants; the water content of the prepared soil is improved by 53 percent compared with that of the common soil (the water content is 15 percent).
Example 2: the method for preparing the planting soil in the alpine and desertification areas by using the saline waste residue soil comprises the following steps:
1. the raw materials comprise: 20% of salinized soil (carbonate sodium soil) around a salt lake on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, 5% of copper tailings, 45% of desertified soil, 1% of biochar, 1% of rice hulls, 1% of bagasse, 1% of sawdust, 6% of pig manure, 5% of landscaping waste and 15% of nutrient solution; the nutrient solution is prepared by adding 0.6 g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.25g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.25g of ferrous sulfate, 0.15 g of magnesium sulfate and 0.01g of boric acid into 1L of water, and the pH value is 7.1.
2. Crushing the salinized soil, the copper tailings and the desertification soil in a crusher to below 2.5nm, mixing the salinized soil, the copper tailings and the desertification soil with a water-holding material, organic solid waste and a nutrient solution, pouring the mixture into a fermentation tank, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 65 percent, controlling the temperature of the fermentation tank to be 48 ℃ and the fermentation time to be 22 days, completing fermentation, taking out a fermentation product, solarizing for 1 day until the water content is 20 percent, and crushing the fermentation product to the particle size of below 2.5mm to obtain the saline waste residue soil for preparing the planting soil in the alpine and desertification areas;
the detection result is shown in the table, and the table shows that the prepared soil has the capability of meeting the plant growth in alpine regions, has the capability of keeping free water required by the plant growth at the temperature of-10 ℃, and has lower water-soluble salt; the soil has higher nutrient element content, and meets the basic substances required by the growth of most plants; the water content of the prepared soil is improved by 33 percent compared with that of the common soil (the water content is 15 percent).
Example 3: the method for preparing the planting soil in the alpine and desertification areas by using the saline waste residue soil comprises the following steps:
1. the raw materials comprise: 30% of salinized soil (15% of bicarbonate soil and 15% of calcium sulfate soil) around a salt lake on Qinghai-Tibet plateau, 20% of phosphogypsum, 18% of desertification soil, 2% of biochar, 1% of rice husk, 1% of mushroom dreg, 1% of coconut husk, 1% of bagasse, 1% of sawdust, 4% of domestic sewage sludge, 6% of pig manure, 3% of landscaping waste, 3% of biogas residue and 9% of nutrient solution; the nutrient solution is prepared by adding 0.6 g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.25g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.25g of ferrous sulfate, 0.15 g of magnesium sulfate and 0.01g of boric acid into 1L of water, and the pH value is 7.3.
2. Crushing the salinized soil, the phosphogypsum and the desertification soil in a crusher to below 2.5nm, mixing the salinized soil, the phosphogypsum and the desertification soil with a water-holding material, organic solid waste and nutrient solution, pouring the mixture into a fermentation tank, wherein the filling amount of the fermentation tank is 2/3 of the volume of the fermentation tank, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 60 percent, the temperature of the fermentation tank to 50 ℃, completing fermentation after 20 days of fermentation, taking out a fermentation product, solarizing for 1 day until the water content is 21 percent, and crushing the fermentation product to the particle size of below 2.5mm to obtain the saline waste residue soil for preparing the planting soil in the alpine and desertification areas
The detection result is shown in the table, and the table shows that the prepared soil has the capability of meeting the plant growth in alpine regions, has the capability of keeping free water required by the plant growth at the temperature of-11 ℃, and has lower water-soluble salt; the soil has higher nutrient element content, and meets the basic substances required by the growth of most plants; the water content of the prepared soil is improved by 40 percent compared with that of the common soil (the water content is 15 percent).
Claims (6)
1. The method for preparing the planting soil in the alpine and desertification areas by using the saline waste residue soil is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 60-85% of salt-containing waste residue soil, 1-8% of water-holding material, 5-20% of organic solid waste and 3-25% of nutrient solution.
2. The method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertified areas by using saline waste residue soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the salt-containing waste residue soil is one or more of phosphogypsum, desulfurized gypsum, copper tailings, iron tailings, gold tailings and salinized soil, or desertification soil is added into the salt-containing waste residue soil, and the particle size of the salt-containing waste residue soil is less than 2.5 mm.
3. The method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertified areas by using saline waste residue soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water holding material is one or more of biochar, rice hull, mushroom dreg, coconut husk, bagasse and sawdust.
4. The method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertified regions by using waste saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the organic solid waste is one or more of municipal domestic sewage sludge, pig manure, cattle manure, landscaping waste and biogas residue.
5. The method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertified regions by using waste saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nutrient solution is prepared by adding 0.1-0.8 g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.04-0.3 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.05-0.4 g of ferrous sulfate, 0.05-0.3 g of magnesium sulfate and one or more of zinc sulfate, boric acid and ammonium chloride with the addition amount of 0.01g into 1L of water, and the pH value is 6-8.5.
6. The method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertified regions by using waste saline soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: mixing the crushed saliferous waste residue soil, a water-holding material, organic solid waste and a nutrient solution, pouring the mixture into a fermentation tank, wherein the filling amount of the fermentation tank is 1/3-2/3 of the volume of the fermentation tank, the water content of the mixture is 45-65%, the fermentation temperature is 30-55 ℃, the fermentation days are 15-25 days, and the water content of the material after fermentation is reduced to 20-32% by solarization, and crushing the material to the particle size of below 2.5 mm.
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