CN115079345A - Double-conical asymmetric directional coupler-based light polarization beam splitting rotator - Google Patents
Double-conical asymmetric directional coupler-based light polarization beam splitting rotator Download PDFInfo
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- CN115079345A CN115079345A CN202210712496.XA CN202210712496A CN115079345A CN 115079345 A CN115079345 A CN 115079345A CN 202210712496 A CN202210712496 A CN 202210712496A CN 115079345 A CN115079345 A CN 115079345A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/126—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/105—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type having optical polarisation effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1228—Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-tapered asymmetric directional coupler-based light polarization beam splitting rotator, which comprises an input waveguide and an output waveguide; the input waveguide comprises an input guide waveguide, an input conical waveguide, an input curved waveguide and an input straight waveguide; the output waveguide comprises an output conical waveguide, an output curved waveguide and an output straight waveguide; the output tapered waveguide is positioned above the input tapered waveguide and a certain preset distance is reserved between the output tapered waveguide and the input tapered waveguide; the input tapered waveguide narrows linearly along the input direction, the output tapered waveguide widens linearly along the output direction, and the input tapered waveguide and the output tapered waveguide jointly form an asymmetric directional coupler; when TM 0 When the polarization state is input, the effective refractive indexes of the input conical waveguide and the output conical waveguide on a certain section are equal, so that the rotation of the polarization mode is realized.The invention has the characteristics of compact structure, high extinction ratio, large manufacturing tolerance and the like, and has important functions in the fields of light polarization multiplexing and demultiplexing, polarization signal processing, optical communication and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the silicon-based photonic integration and optical device technology, relates to the fields of optical polarization multiplexing and demultiplexing, optical signal multi-dimensional multiplexing and the like, and particularly relates to an optical polarization beam splitting rotator based on a biconical asymmetric directional coupler.
Background
In recent years, due to the characteristics that Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) materials have high refractive index contrast and are compatible with Complementary Metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies in technology, research on Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) has been rapidly developed and has been dominant in the scientific research field. Due to the characteristics of the CMOS process and the materials themselves, SOI-based PIC devices have high birefringence, which causes polarization mode dispersion and polarization dependent loss, making silicon photonic devices very sensitive to polarization. The solution to this problem is to design a small-sized, low-loss, high-extinction-ratio Polarization control device, such as a Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS), a Polarization Rotator (PR), and a Polarization beam Splitter-rotator (PSR) combining the functions of the PBS and the PR, where the PSR is a key device for solving the Polarization sensitivity problem of the optical waveguide device on the SOI platform.
The PSR is a device with the functions of polarization beam splitting and polarization rotation, and two beams of light waves with different polarization states can be output as two beams of mode light with the same polarization state after passing through the PSR. I.e. TE that can be input 0 /TM 0 The rotation of the modes is completed while the modes are separated, and the output end has only one polarization state.
The polarization beam splitter rotator can be divided according to different mode conversion mechanismsTwo mechanisms are mode coupling and mode evolution. Based on the PSR of the mode evolution mechanism, the mode transition needs to be completed in two steps. For example, first the input TM 0 Mode conversion to higher order TE 1 Mode, then with input TE 0 Mode separation and separation of TE 1 Conversion to TE 0 Mode export, i.e. PSR based on mode evolution mechanism, generally from TM 0 -TE 1 Polarization rotator and TE 1 -TE 0 The mode converter is formed by cascading two parts. The related papers include:
1)Dai D X,Wu H.Realization of a compact polarization splitter-rotator on silicon[J].Optics Letters,2016,41(10):2346-2349。
2)Chung H C,Tseng S Y.Ultrashort and broadband silicon polarization splitter-rotator using fast quasiadiabatic dynamics[J].Optics Express,2018,26(8):9655-9665。
3)Wang J,Niu B,Sheng Z,et al.Novel ultra-broadband polarization splitter-rotator based on mode-evolution tapers and a mode-sorting asymmetric Y-junction[J].Optics Express,2014,22(11):13565-13571。
4)Wang J,Qi M H,Xuan Y,et al.Proposal for fabrication-tolerant SOI polarization splitter-rotator based on cascaded MMI couplers and an assisted bilevel taper[J].Optics Express,2014,22(23):27869-27879。
the PSR based on the mode evolution mechanism has the characteristics of large bandwidth and large tolerance, but the structure is complex, so that the structure size is large, the PSR is not easily compatible with other devices, the manufacturing cost is increased, and the PSR is not favorable for compact system-on-chip integration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a polarization beam splitting rotator which utilizes a mode coupling mechanism, has a compact structure and excellent performance. Therefore, the invention provides an optical polarization beam splitting rotator based on a double-cone asymmetric directional coupler.
The invention relates to an optical polarization beam splitting rotator based on a biconical asymmetric directional coupler, which comprises an input waveguide and an output waveguide. The input waveguide comprises an input guide waveguide, an input conical waveguide, an input curved waveguide and an input straight waveguide; the output waveguide comprises an output conical waveguide, an output curved waveguide and an output straight waveguide; the output tapered waveguide is positioned above the input tapered waveguide and is kept at a certain preset distance. The input tapered waveguide narrows linearly along the input direction, the output tapered waveguide widens linearly along the output direction, and the input tapered waveguide and the output tapered waveguide together form the asymmetric directional coupler.
When TM 0 When the polarization state is input, the effective refractive indexes of the input conical waveguide and the output conical waveguide on a certain section are equal, so that the rotation of the polarization mode is realized.
The phase matching conditions of the polarization modes of the input conical waveguide and the output conical waveguide in the waveguide are as follows:
neff 1 (TM 0 )＝neff 2 (TE 0 )
wherein neff is 1 (TM 0 ) TM representing input tapered waveguide in input waveguide 0 Effective refractive index of polarization mode, neff 2 (TE 0 ) TE representing an output tapered waveguide in an output waveguide 0 Effective refractive index of the polarization mode.
When TE 0 TE input into a tapered waveguide at input of polarization state 0 TE of polarization mode and output tapered waveguide 0 The polarization mode is in a state of not satisfying phase matching, TE 0 The polarization state is directly output from the port 2 with lowest loss; when TM 0 TM of input tapered waveguide at input of polarization state 0 TE of polarization mode effective refractive index and output tapered waveguide 0 The effective refractive index of the polarization mode is equal on a certain section, the phase matching condition is met, and TM is realized 0 To the TE 0 Rotation of polarization mode, TE after rotation 0 The polarization state is output from port 3.
Furthermore, the optical polarization beam splitting rotator based on the biconical asymmetric directional coupler adopts silicon materials on an insulating layer, and the basic structure takes silicon as a main body and silicon dioxide as an upper cladding.
Preferably, the width of the input guide waveguide is 510nm, the length of the input tapered waveguide is 30 μm, the etching depth is 70nm, the length of the input curved waveguide is 40 μm, and the length of the input straight waveguide is 30 μm; the preset distance between the input waveguide and the output waveguide, namely the gap, is 340nm, the width of the output tapered waveguide is linearly widened from 100nm to 800nm, the height is 220nm, the length of the output curved waveguide is 40 mu m, the length of the output straight waveguide is 30 mu m, and the length of the asymmetric directional coupler is 30 mu m.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention completes TM by using phase matching condition under the condition of using the structures of the input tapered waveguide and the output tapered waveguide 0 Separation and rotation of polarization modes.
2. The asymmetric directional coupler adopts a biconical structure, so that the manufacturing tolerance of the whole device is improved.
3. The invention provides a double-cone-shaped asymmetric directional coupler-based light polarization beam splitting rotator which solves the problems of low extinction ratio and high loss of a related polarization beam splitting rotator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a silicon-based optical polarization beam splitting rotator.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric directional coupler optical transmission field.
FIG. 3 is TM 0 Optical power distribution at different bandwidths at the input of the polarization mode.
FIG. 4 shows TE 0 Optical power distribution at different bandwidths at the input of the polarization mode.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
The invention discloses a double-cone-shaped asymmetric directional coupler-based light polarization beam splitting rotator. As shown in fig. 1, a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material is used, and the basic structure uses silicon as the main body of the polarization beam splitter rotator and silicon dioxide as the upper cladding.
The device comprises two parts of an input waveguide and an output waveguide: the input waveguide comprises an input guide waveguide 1, an input tapered waveguide 2, an input curved waveguide 3 and an input straight waveguide 4, the input taper isThe height of the waveguide 2 is 70nm, and the effective refractive index of the polarization condition which can be coupled with the output tapered waveguide 5 of the output waveguide is constructed by the tapered waveguide. The output waveguide consists of an output conical waveguide 5, an output curved waveguide 6 and an output straight waveguide 7, the width of the output conical waveguide 5 is linearly widened from 100nm to 800nm, and the output conical waveguide and the input conical etching waveguide 2 in the input waveguide form an asymmetric directional coupler to complete the function of polarization rotation. TE rotated from asymmetric directional coupler 0 The polarization state is output through the output curved waveguide 6 and the output straight waveguide 7.
The main function of the input waveguide is to construct the effective refractive index of polarization condition with the output tapered waveguide 5 in the output waveguide by the tapered etching structure, and form an asymmetric directional coupler with the output tapered waveguide 5 in the output waveguide, thereby realizing TM 0 Separation of polarization modes. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the depth of the etch of the input tapered waveguide 2 depends on the process and TE 0 The requirement of the transmission loss of the polarization mode is set to be 70nm, the etching width is preferably 510nm according to the phase matching condition and the requirement of the manufacturing process, the length of the input curved waveguide 3 is preferably 40 μm according to the transmission efficiency and the requirement of the manufacturing process, the preset distance between the input waveguide and the output waveguide is 340nm, an output tapered waveguide 5 is arranged in the output waveguide and forms an asymmetric directional coupler with the input waveguide, and the width of the output tapered waveguide 5 is set according to TE 0 The requirement of polarization mode transmission phase matching is linearly broadened from 100nm to 800nm, and the length of the output curved waveguide 6 is preferably 40 μm according to the transmission efficiency and the manufacturing process requirement.
Under the condition of implementing the embodiment again, through scanning, calculating and analyzing by a 3D-FDTD (time domain finite difference method), the length of the input tapered waveguide 2 is set to be 30 mu m, the etching depth is 70nm, the width of the output tapered waveguide 5 is linearly widened from 100nm to 800nm, the height is 220nm, and the integral size of the structure is not more than 100 mu m. When light with a wavelength of 1550nm is input from the port 1, the transmission performance of the overall structure of the present invention is as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, including polarization mode field distribution and output spectrum (or optical power variation with wavelength). At TM 0 Under the input condition of a polarization mode, when the wavelength is 1542nm, the polarization extinction ratio can reach 36.4dB. The output spectrum of each port is in the range of C wave band (1535-1565nm), the polarization extinction ratio is larger than 23dB, and the loss is lower than 0.16 dB. In TE 0 Under the condition of polarization mode input, in the range of C wave band (1535-1565nm), the polarization extinction ratio is larger than 14dB, and the loss is lower than 0.2 dB. The device exhibits good polarization splitting characteristics.
In summary of the above statements, the present invention has the following features. 1. And adiabatic taper etching is used in the coupling region, so that the manufacturing tolerance of the whole device is improved. 2. The asymmetry of the structure is constructed by using the structures of the input tapered waveguide and the output tapered waveguide, and the phase matching condition is met, so that TM is finished 0 To the TE 0 Separation and rotation of polarization modes. 3. The overall structure is small in size and has good performance.
Claims (4)
1. A double-tapered asymmetric directional coupler-based light polarization beam splitting rotator is characterized by comprising an input waveguide and an output waveguide; the input waveguide comprises an input guide waveguide (1), an input tapered waveguide (2), an input curved waveguide (3) and an input straight waveguide (4); the output waveguide comprises an output conical waveguide (5), an output curved waveguide (6) and an output straight waveguide (7); the output tapered waveguide (5) is positioned above the input tapered waveguide (2) and is kept a certain preset distance; the input tapered waveguide (2) is linearly narrowed along the input direction, the output tapered waveguide (5) is linearly widened along the output direction, and the input tapered waveguide (2) and the output tapered waveguide (5) jointly form an asymmetric directional coupler;
when TM 0 When the polarization state is input, the effective refractive indexes of the input conical waveguide (2) and the output conical waveguide (5) on a certain section are equal, so that the rotation of the polarization mode is realized.
2. A double-tapered asymmetric directional coupler type optical polarization beam splitting rotator according to claim 1, wherein the polarization mode phase matching conditions of the input tapered waveguide (2) and the output tapered waveguide (5) in the waveguide are as follows:
neff 1 (TM 0 )＝neff 2 (TE 0 )
wherein neff is 1 (TM 0 ) TM representing an input tapered waveguide (2) in an input waveguide 0 Effective refractive index of polarization mode, neff 2 (TE 0 ) TE representing an output tapered waveguide (5) of the output waveguides 0 The effective refractive index of the polarization mode;
when TE 0 TE input into the tapered waveguide (2) at the time of polarization input 0 TE of polarization mode and output tapered waveguide (5) 0 The polarization mode is in a state of not satisfying phase matching, TE 0 The polarization state is directly output from the port 2 with lowest loss; when TM 0 TM of input tapered waveguide (2) at input of polarization state 0 Effective refractive index of polarization mode and TE of output tapered waveguide (5) 0 The effective refractive index of the polarization mode is equal on a certain section, the phase matching condition is met, and TM is realized 0 To the TE 0 Rotation of polarization mode, TE after rotation 0 The polarization state is output from port 3.
3. An optical polarization beam splitting rotator based on double-tapered asymmetric directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein silicon-on-insulator material is adopted, and the basic structure takes silicon as a main body and silicon dioxide as an upper cladding.
4. A double-tapered asymmetric directional coupler-based optical polarization beam splitting rotator according to claim 1, wherein the width of the input guide waveguide (1) is 510nm, the length of the input tapered waveguide (2) is 30 μm, the etching depth is 70nm, the length of the input curved waveguide (3) is 40 μm, and the length of the input straight waveguide (4) is 30 μm; the preset distance between the input waveguide and the output waveguide, namely the gap, is 340nm, the width of the output tapered waveguide (5) is linearly widened from 100nm to 800nm, the height is 220nm, the length of the output curved waveguide (6) is 40 mu m, the length of the output straight waveguide (7) is 30 mu m, and the length of the asymmetric directional coupler is 30 mu m.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115657204A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-01-31 | 宏芯科技(泉州)有限公司 | Polarization filter |
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Patent Citations (8)
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| US20050058386A1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-03-17 | Little Brent Everett | Integrated optics polarization beam splitter using form birefringence |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115657204A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-01-31 | 宏芯科技(泉州)有限公司 | Polarization filter |
| CN115657204B (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2024-02-09 | 宏芯科技(泉州)有限公司 | Polarization filter |
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