CN115076592B - BOG control system and method for liquid hydrogen storage tank and liquid hydrogen storage tank - Google Patents
BOG control system and method for liquid hydrogen storage tank and liquid hydrogen storage tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN115076592B CN115076592B CN202210611357.8A CN202210611357A CN115076592B CN 115076592 B CN115076592 B CN 115076592B CN 202210611357 A CN202210611357 A CN 202210611357A CN 115076592 B CN115076592 B CN 115076592B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 299
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 275
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 275
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 271
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 232
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0337—Granular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0629—Two walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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- F17C2203/0639—Steels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0639—Steels
- F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0626—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0631—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
- F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a BOG control system of a liquid hydrogen storage tank, which comprises the following components: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage system, a refrigeration subsystem II, a data monitoring and control subsystem and a safety management system. The liquid hydrogen storage system is used for storing liquid hydrogen, the refrigeration subsystem is used for generating and delivering cold energy to the liquid hydrogen storage system and taking away waste heat in the liquid hydrogen storage system so as to realize the internal refrigeration process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the data monitoring and controlling subsystem is used for monitoring pressure, temperature, liquid level and other data in the liquid hydrogen storage system and actively controlling the liquid hydrogen refrigerating process in the tank; the safety management system IV is used for treating hydrogen generated in the liquid hydrogen storage system under accident working conditions. The refrigeration subsystem in the invention is an integrated helium refrigeration subsystem. The invention solves the problem of non-destructive storage of liquid hydrogen on the ground in a large scale and long period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature propellant storage, in particular to a BOG control system and method for a liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Background
Liquid hydrogen has been widely used in the aerospace and military fields as a propellant for high thrust rocket engines. With the increasing demand for liquid hydrogen propellants, existing surface storage devices have failed to meet the demand for use. Because the boiling point of liquid hydrogen is extremely low (20K, K is Kelvin is a thermodynamic temperature unit) under normal pressure, when the traditional storage technology is adopted, great economic loss and potential safety hazard are brought by liquid hydrogen evaporation and dissipation, and meanwhile, in order to meet the high-efficiency light-weight requirement of an on-track operation liquid hydrogen storage tank, a supercooled liquid hydrogen propellant is required to be filled in the on-track storage tank so as to realize on-track nondestructive storage and propellant energy density improvement. These all place demands on the surface liquid hydrogen storage technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a BOG control system for a liquid hydrogen storage tank, which adopts an active refrigeration technology to perform cold treatment on liquid hydrogen and solves the problem of large-scale long-period ground nondestructive storage of the liquid hydrogen.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, including:
A liquid hydrogen storage tank BOG control system comprising: a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a refrigeration subsystem;
the liquid hydrogen storage tank is used for storing liquid hydrogen; the refrigerating subsystem is used for generating and delivering cold energy to the liquid hydrogen storage tank so as to realize the internal refrigeration of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen storage tank is provided with a passive heat insulation system for insulating liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank from the outside.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises an inner tank and an outer tank, and a strut is adopted between the inner tank and the outer tank for supporting; hollow glass microspheres are filled in an interlayer of an inner tank and an outer tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the interlayer of the inner tank and the outer tank is in a vacuum state; hollow glass microspheres and vacuum state in an interlayer of an inner tank and an outer tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank form a passive heat insulation system of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Preferably, a supporting piece is arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the upper end part and the lower end part of the supporting piece are connected with the inner wall of the liquid hydrogen storage tank; a plurality of spiral case type heat exchange tube bundles are distributed on the support piece along the length direction of the support piece;
An air inlet of the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle is connected with an output port of the refrigeration subsystem through an air inlet pipe; the air outlet of the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle is connected with the input port of the refrigeration subsystem through an air outlet pipe; the refrigeration subsystem is used for generating cold energy, conveying the cold energy to the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle through the air inlet tube, and bringing back waste heat in the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle through the air outlet tube; the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle exchanges energy between the cold energy generated by the refrigeration subsystem and the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Preferably, the refrigeration subsystem conveys cold energy to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through an air inlet pipe, and simultaneously returns waste heat in the liquid hydrogen storage tank through an air outlet pipe; the air inlet pipe is sequentially provided with a switch valve, a mass flowmeter and a flow regulating valve along the medium transmission direction.
Preferably, the method further comprises: a data monitoring and control subsystem; the data monitoring and controlling subsystem is used for monitoring state data in the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
The data monitoring and control subsystem comprises: the liquid level meter comprises a pressure sensor, a liquid level meter and a plurality of temperature sensors; the liquid level meter is positioned in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and is used for measuring liquid hydrogen liquid level data in the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the temperature sensors are distributed at different liquid level heights in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and are used for measuring temperature data at different liquid levels in the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the pressure sensor is positioned in the gas phase space inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank and is used for monitoring pressure data inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
The data monitoring and control subsystem is also used for controlling each valve in the BOG control system of the liquid hydrogen storage tank so as to control the internal refrigeration process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Preferably, the method further comprises: a security management system; the safety management system is used for treating hydrogen generated in the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the safety management system comprises a safety valve and an emptying system connected with the output end of the safety valve; and the safety valve is opened to exhaust if the state data in the liquid hydrogen storage tank exceeds the upper limit of the safety state, and the discharged hydrogen enters the emptying system.
Preferably, the system design method is as follows:
S11, determining the inner tank size specification of the liquid hydrogen storage tank according to the storage requirement of the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
S12, determining the maximum allowable total heat leakage Qmax of the liquid hydrogen storage tank according to the maximum refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating subsystem:
Wherein, the maximum refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating subsystem is greater than the maximum allowable total heat leakage quantity Q max of the liquid hydrogen storage tank:
S13, calculating the heat leakage quantity Q 3 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank pipeline structure and the heat leakage quantity Q 2 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank supporting structure according to the pipeline structure and the supporting structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
s14, calculating the maximum allowable heat leakage quantity Q 1max,Q1max＝Qmax-Q3-Q2 of the passive heat insulation system;
S15, determining the specification of the passive heat insulation system according to the maximum allowable heat leakage quantity Q 1max of the passive heat insulation system, and further determining the outer tank size specification of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
The invention also provides a BOG control method of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, which is used for supercooling liquid hydrogen to realize densification of the liquid hydrogen and meet the requirement of energy efficiency of the on-orbit liquid hydrogen storage tank.
The BOG control method of the liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises the following specific processes:
s21, filling liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank, measuring the liquid hydrogen level in the liquid hydrogen storage tank by using a liquid level meter positioned in the liquid hydrogen storage tank until the liquid level height in the liquid hydrogen storage tank reaches 90%, and stopping filling the liquid hydrogen;
s22, starting a refrigeration subsystem, wherein the refrigeration subsystem generates cold energy;
S23, measuring the temperature at different liquid levels in the liquid hydrogen storage tank by using a plurality of temperature sensors distributed at different liquid level heights in the liquid hydrogen storage tank; simultaneously, a switch valve on the air inlet pipe is opened, cold energy generated by the refrigeration subsystem is conveyed to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the air inlet pipe, and meanwhile, waste heat in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is brought back through the air outlet pipe;
S24, adjusting the opening of a flow regulating valve on the air inlet pipe according to the temperature data so as to maintain the balance between the heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the refrigerating capacity input to the liquid hydrogen storage tank by the refrigerating subsystem;
And S25, measuring the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank by using a pressure sensor positioned in a gas phase space in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and opening a safety valve on the liquid hydrogen storage tank to discharge the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank reaches the upper limit of the safety pressure.
The invention also provides a liquid hydrogen storage tank which is used for solving the ground liquid hydrogen storage problem, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank can realize passive heat insulation of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and active refrigeration of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
The liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises an inner tank and an outer tank, wherein a strut is adopted between the inner tank and the outer tank for supporting;
Hollow glass microspheres are filled in an interlayer of an inner tank and an outer tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the interlayer of the inner tank and the outer tank is in a vacuum state; the inner tank is internally provided with a supporting piece, and the upper end part and the lower end part of the supporting piece are connected with the inner wall of the inner tank; the support piece is provided with a plurality of spiral case type heat exchange tube bundles along the length direction of the support piece.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the invention, the liquid hydrogen is subjected to sub-cooling through the refrigeration subsystem, so that the liquid hydrogen is densified, and the requirement of high efficiency of propellant storage in the on-orbit storage tank is met.
(2) The invention combines the active control technology with the passive heat insulation method to control the BOG of the large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tank, thereby realizing the long-period nondestructive storage of the large-capacity liquid hydrogen and laying a foundation for the large-scale use of the liquid hydrogen. .
(3) The invention adopts the heat insulation form of vacuum + hollow glass microsphere, the heat insulation form has lower heat conductivity and smaller heat leakage. When the vacuum of the interlayer is lost, compared with the traditional heat insulation mode, the heat insulation mode of the vacuum and glass microspheres can maintain the cold in the liquid hydrogen storage tank for a longer time, and reduce the BOG loss under the accident condition.
(4) The invention adopts the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundles to realize the cold energy transmission of the refrigeration subsystem to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundles are distributed in different liquid level height directions, so that the temperature distribution of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is uniform, and the liquid hydrogen in the tank is prevented from rolling. Meanwhile, the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle is convenient to install and suitable for mass production and use.
(5) The data monitoring and control subsystem can realize real-time monitoring of state data in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and control of each valve in the control system, so that control of the internal refrigeration process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is realized.
(6) The safety management system can discharge the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank under the condition that the refrigeration subsystem fails, and the discharged hydrogen enters the emptying system and is safely discharged into the atmosphere after being processed, so that the safety operation of the whole device can be ensured during the shutdown maintenance of the refrigeration subsystem.
(7) The refrigerating subsystem can generate refrigerating capacity larger than the total heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and can maintain the balance between the heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the refrigerating capacity input by the refrigerating system.
(8) The BOG of the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be controlled, and the large-scale liquid hydrogen long-period nondestructive storage is realized by adjusting the balance between the heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the refrigeration subsystem. When the refrigeration system fails and the cooling capacity supply required by the leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank cannot be ensured, the passive heat insulation system has excellent performance, the BOG quantity generated under the failure working condition is controllable, and the loss of the liquid hydrogen storage quantity can be controlled during the shutdown maintenance of the refrigeration system. In addition, the system has a safety management system, can process BOG quantity generated by the liquid hydrogen storage tank under accident working conditions, ensures the safe operation of the whole system, and meets the requirement of large-scale liquid hydrogen ground nondestructive storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the BOG control system of the large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spiral shell type heat pipe bundle module structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spiral heat pipe bundle module structure according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
I-a liquid hydrogen storage system; II-a refrigeration subsystem; III-a data monitoring and control subsystem; IV-security management system;
1-a liquid hydrogen storage tank; 2-a passive insulation system; 3-a pressure sensor; 4-a liquid level meter; 5-spiral case type heat exchange system; 6-a support; 7, an air inlet pipe; 8-an air outlet pipe; 9-a flow regulating valve; 10-a mass flowmeter; 11-switching a valve; a 12-refrigeration subsystem; 13-a safety valve; 14-an evacuation system; 15-air inlet; 16-an air outlet; 17-a cooling device; T1-T10-temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the present invention, BOG means boil off gas.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, a BOG control system for a liquid hydrogen tank according to the present invention includes: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage system I, a refrigeration subsystem II, a data monitoring and controlling subsystem III and a safety management system IV. The liquid hydrogen storage system I is used for storing liquid hydrogen, the refrigeration subsystem II is used for generating and delivering cold energy to the liquid hydrogen storage system I and taking away waste heat in the liquid hydrogen storage system I to realize the internal refrigeration process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1; the data monitoring and controlling subsystem III is used for monitoring pressure, temperature, liquid level and other data in the liquid hydrogen storage system I and actively controlling the liquid hydrogen refrigerating process in the tank; the safety management system IV is used for treating hydrogen generated by the I in the liquid hydrogen storage system under the accident condition. The refrigerating subsystem II is an integrated helium refrigerating subsystem.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid hydrogen storage system i includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and a passive thermal insulation system 2. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 comprises an inner tank and an outer tank, a support column is adopted between the inner tank and the outer tank for supporting, the design pressure of the inner tank is 0.8MPa (A), and the design temperature is 15K. The inner tank is made of austenitic stainless steel material, the outer tank is made of low-temperature carbon steel material, and the support piece 6 is arranged in the inner tank. The supporting piece 6 is formed by welding austenitic stainless steel sections, the upper end and the lower end of the supporting piece are connected with the inner tank, a plurality of tray structures are distributed in the height direction according to the number of the heat exchange modules 6, and the spiral case type capillary heat exchange tube bundle modules are connected to the tray structures. Hollow glass microspheres are filled in an interlayer of an inner tank and an outer tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the interlayer of the inner tank and the outer tank is in a vacuum state; hollow glass microspheres and vacuum state in an interlayer of an inner tank and an outer tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 form the passive heat insulation system 2 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. The passive heat insulation system 2 is positioned in a spherical tank interlayer, is in the form of vacuum and hollow glass microspheres, the vacuum degree in the interlayer is kept at 0.1MPa, the hollow glass microspheres are filled in the interlayer, the average diameter of the selected glass microspheres is 65um, and the stacking density is 80kg/m 3. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is a double-layer spherical container and comprises an inner ball and an outer ball.
As shown in fig. 1, the refrigeration subsystem ii includes a refrigeration unit 12, a spiral casing type heat exchange system 5, a cooling device 17, a flow regulating valve 9, a mass flowmeter 10, and an on-off valve 11. The refrigerating unit 12 is used for generating cold energy, delivering the cold energy to the spiral case type heat exchange system 5 through the air inlet pipe 7, and bringing waste heat in the spiral case type heat exchange system 5 back through the air outlet pipe 8. The spiral case type heat exchange system 5 exchanges energy between the cold energy generated by the refrigerating unit 12 and the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen storage system I. The refrigeration unit 12 dissipates heat through a cooling device 17. The mass flowmeter 10 and the flow regulating valve 9 cooperate to control the refrigerating subsystem refrigerating capacity. The refrigerating unit 12 in the invention is an integrated helium refrigerating unit, and particularly adopts an inverse brayton cycle helium refrigerating unit.
As shown in fig. 2, the spiral case type heat exchange system 5 of the present invention is composed of a plurality of spiral case type heat exchange tube bundles shown in fig. 2, an air inlet 15 of the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundles is connected with an air inlet pipe 7, and an air outlet 16 is connected with an air outlet pipe 8. The spiral shell type heat exchange tube bundle is made of austenitic stainless steel, and is wholly immersed in a liquid phase space in the liquid hydrogen storage system I. The air inlet pipe 7 is connected with a refrigerating subsystem II, the refrigerating subsystem II conveys cold energy to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the air inlet pipe 7, and the air inlet pipe 7 is sequentially provided with a switch valve 11, a mass flowmeter 10 and a flow regulating valve 9 along the medium transmission direction. The mass flowmeter 10 is used for monitoring helium flow; the flow regulating valve 9 cooperates with the mass flowmeter 10 to regulate the flow of helium.
As shown in fig. 1, the data monitoring and control subsystem iii comprises a liquid level meter 4, a plurality of temperature sensors, i.e., T1 to T10, and a pressure sensor 3. The liquid level meter 4 is positioned in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and is used for measuring the liquid hydrogen level height in the spherical tank; the temperature sensors T1-T10 are distributed at different liquid level heights in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and are used for measuring temperatures at different liquid levels; the pressure sensor 3 is positioned in the gas phase space inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and is used for monitoring the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The data measured by the mass flowmeter 10 in the refrigeration subsystem II will be returned to the data monitoring and control subsystem III. And the data monitoring and controlling subsystem III controls the input cold quantity of the spiral case type heat exchange system 5 through the flow regulating valve 9 and the switching valve 11 of the refrigerating subsystem II according to the data obtained by monitoring.
As shown in fig. 1, the safety management system iv comprises a safety valve 13 and an evacuation system 14 which are installed on the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 exceeds the upper limit of the safety pressure, the safety valve 13 is opened to exhaust. The exhausted hydrogen gas enters the evacuation system 14 and is safely introduced into the atmosphere after being treated.
In the invention, the refrigerating subsystem II can generate refrigerating capacity which is larger than the total heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage system I.
The BOG of the large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tank can be controlled, and the large-scale liquid hydrogen long-period nondestructive storage is realized by adjusting the balance between the heat leakage quantity of the liquid hydrogen storage system I and the refrigeration subsystem II. When the refrigeration subsystem II fails and the cooling capacity supply required by the liquid hydrogen storage system I cannot be ensured, the passive heat insulation system 2 has excellent performance, the BOG quantity generated under the failure working condition is controllable, and the loss of the liquid hydrogen storage quantity can be controlled during the shutdown maintenance of the refrigeration subsystem II. In addition, the system is provided with the safety management system IV, so that the BOG quantity generated by the liquid hydrogen storage system I under the accident condition can be processed, the safe operation of the whole system is ensured, and the requirement of large-scale liquid hydrogen ground nondestructive storage is met.
Example 2
The invention relates to a design method of a BOG control system of a liquid hydrogen storage tank, which comprises the following specific steps:
s11, determining the size specification of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 according to the design condition of the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
S12, determining the maximum allowable total heat leakage Qmax of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 according to the maximum refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating subsystem II: wherein, the maximum refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating subsystem II is greater than the maximum allowable total heat leakage quantity Q max of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1:
S13, calculating the heat leakage quantity Q 3 of the pipeline structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the heat leakage quantity Q 2 of the supporting structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 according to the pipeline structure and the supporting structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1;
S14, determining the maximum allowable heat leakage Q 1max,Q1max＝Qmax-Q3-Q2 of the passive heat insulation system 2 in the liquid hydrogen storage system I;
s15, determining the specification of the passive heat insulation system 2 according to the maximum allowable heat leakage quantity of the passive heat insulation system 2, and further determining the outer tank size specification of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1.
In the invention, the design of a BOG control system of a liquid hydrogen storage tank is as follows:
The internal volume of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is 2000m3, the design pressure is 0.8MPa (A), the design temperature is 15K, the filling medium is liquid hydrogen, an inner and outer double-layer spherical shell structure is adopted, and the diameter of the inner tank is 15.7m. The passive heat insulation system 2 is positioned in a spherical tank interlayer, is in the form of vacuum and hollow glass microspheres, the vacuum degree in the interlayer is kept at 0.1MPa, the hollow glass microspheres are filled in the interlayer, the average diameter of the selected glass microspheres is 65um, and the stacking density is 80kg/m 3.
The total refrigeration capacity of the reverse brayton cycle helium refrigerator selected in the invention at 20K is not less than 880W.
The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 in the invention is a double-layer spherical container, and comprises an inner ball, namely an inner tank, and an outer ball, namely an outer tank, wherein the total heat leakage amount calculation formula of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is as follows:
Q＝Q1+Q2+Q3
Wherein, Q is the total heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, Q 1 is the heat leakage of the passive heat insulation system 2, Q 2 is the heat leakage of the supporting structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and Q 3 is the heat leakage of the pipeline structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1.
The leakage heat of the passive insulation system 2 is mainly composed of solid heat conduction, residual gas heat conduction and heat radiation, and the apparent heat conduction coefficient is generally used for representing the proportionality coefficient between the heat flow and the temperature gradient. When the interlayer vacuum degree of the passive heat insulation system 2 is 0.1MPa, the part of heat leakage is the heat leakage Q 1 of the passive heat insulation system 2, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: r 1 denotes the inner sphere radius; r 0 represents the radius of the outer sphere, and the apparent thermal conductivity λ=0.68×10 -3W/m·K;T1 of the passive insulation system 2 represents the wall temperature of the outer sphere; t 0 represents the inner sphere wall temperature.
The inner ball and the outer ball are supported to form a heat bridge, so that a cold insulation supporting mode is adopted to reduce the heat leakage quantity of the supporting structure, the heat leakage quantity is the heat leakage quantity Q 2 of the supporting structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: n is the number of the struts; lambda 1 is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the support column material; a 1 is the cross-sectional area of the support column; l 1 is the strut length; lambda 2 is the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation material; a 2 is the cross-sectional area of the heat insulating material; l 2 is the length of the heat insulating material; t 1 represents the outer sphere wall temperature; t 0 represents the inner sphere wall temperature.
The inner ball is provided with a liquid filling port, a liquid discharging port, a liquid level meter port, an overflow port, a safety discharge port, an analysis port and a purging port, each connecting pipe is communicated with the outer ball to form an inner ball-outer ball heat bridge, the heat leakage quantity of the inner ball-outer ball heat bridge is the heat leakage quantity Q 3 of the pipeline structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: lambda n is the heat conductivity coefficient of the connecting pipe material; a n is the sectional area of the connecting pipe; l n is the length of the connecting pipe; t 1 represents the outer sphere wall temperature; t 0 represents the temperature of the wall surface of the inner ball; indicating a single take-over leak; /(I) Indicating the sum of the heat leak of each adapter.
Assuming that the interlayer spacing of the passive insulation system 2 is 0.8m, the heat leakage Q 3 =198W of the passive insulation system 2 is calculated according to the calculation of the strut heat loss Q 2 =185W, the pipe heat loss Q 3 =20w, the inner sphere radius r 1 =7.85 m, and the outer sphere radius r 0 =8.65 m.
The total heat leakage quantity Q=403W of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is smaller than the refrigerating capacity which can be generated by the refrigerating subsystem II, and the design of the passive heat insulation system 2 meets the use requirement.
Example 3
The invention discloses a control method of a BOG control system of a liquid hydrogen storage tank, which comprises the following specific steps:
S21, filling liquid hydrogen into a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 of a liquid hydrogen storage system I, and transmitting liquid level height information in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to a data monitoring and control subsystem III through a liquid level meter 4 until the data monitoring and control subsystem III displays that the liquid level height of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 reaches 90%;
s22, starting the refrigerating unit 12 and the cooling device 17 in the refrigerating subsystem II;
S23, the temperature sensors T1-T10 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 transmit liquid hydrogen temperature information to the data monitoring and control subsystem III, meanwhile, the switch valve 11 is opened, cold energy generated by the refrigeration subsystem II is conveyed to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the air inlet pipe 7, and meanwhile, waste heat in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is brought back through the air outlet pipe 8;
s24, adjusting the flow regulating valve 9 according to the liquid hydrogen temperature information so as to maintain the balance between the heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the refrigerating capacity input to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 by the refrigerating subsystem II;
S25, measuring the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 by using the pressure sensor 3 positioned in the gas phase space in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and opening a safety valve on the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to discharge the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 reaches the upper limit of the safety pressure. For example, when refrigeration subsystem ii fails, the internal pressure of liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 reaches the upper safe pressure limit. The upper limit of the safety pressure in the invention is 0.8MPa.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A liquid hydrogen storage tank BOG control system, comprising: a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and a refrigeration subsystem (II);
the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is used for storing liquid hydrogen; the refrigeration subsystem (II) is used for generating and conveying cold energy to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) to realize internal refrigeration of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1);
A passive heat insulation system (2) is arranged on the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and used for insulating liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) from the outside;
further comprises: a data monitoring and control subsystem (III); the data monitoring and control subsystem (III) is used for monitoring state data in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1);
The data monitoring and control subsystem (iii) comprises: a pressure sensor (3), a liquid level meter (4) and a plurality of temperature sensors; the liquid level meter (4) is positioned in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and is used for measuring liquid hydrogen liquid level data in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1); the temperature sensors are distributed at different liquid level heights in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and are used for measuring temperature data at different liquid levels in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1); the pressure sensor (3) is positioned in the gas phase space inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and is used for monitoring pressure data inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1);
the data monitoring and control subsystem (III) is also used for controlling each valve in the BOG control system of the liquid hydrogen storage tank so as to control the internal refrigeration process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1);
the control method of the BOG control system of the liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises the following specific processes:
S21, filling liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), measuring the liquid hydrogen level in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) by using a liquid level meter (4) positioned in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) until the liquid level height in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) reaches 90%, and stopping filling the liquid hydrogen;
S22, starting a refrigeration subsystem (II), wherein the refrigeration subsystem (II) generates cold energy;
S23, measuring the temperature at different liquid levels in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) by using a plurality of temperature sensors distributed at different liquid level heights in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1); simultaneously, a switch valve on the air inlet pipe (7) is opened, and cold energy generated by the refrigerating subsystem (II) is conveyed to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through the air inlet pipe (7) and is brought back to the internal waste heat of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through the air outlet pipe (8);
s24, adjusting the opening of a flow regulating valve (9) on the air inlet pipe (7) according to the temperature data so as to maintain the balance between the heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the refrigerating capacity input to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) by the refrigerating subsystem (II);
S25, measuring the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) by using a pressure sensor (3) positioned in a gas phase space inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), and opening a safety valve on the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) to discharge hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) reaches the upper limit of the safety pressure;
The liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) comprises an inner tank and an outer tank, and a strut is adopted between the inner tank and the outer tank for supporting; hollow glass microspheres are filled in an interlayer of an inner tank and an outer tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), and the interlayer of the inner tank and the outer tank is in a vacuum state; hollow glass microspheres and vacuum states in an interlayer of an inner tank and an outer tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) form a passive heat insulation system (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1);
The system design method is as follows:
s11, determining the size specification of an inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) according to the storage requirement of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1);
s12, determining the maximum allowable total heat leakage Qmax of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) according to the maximum refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating subsystem (II):
the maximum refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating subsystem (II) is larger than the maximum allowable total heat leakage quantity Q max of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1):
S13, calculating the heat leakage quantity Q 3 of the pipeline structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the heat leakage quantity Q 2 of the supporting structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) according to the pipeline structure and the supporting structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1);
S14, calculating the maximum allowable heat leakage quantity Q 1max,Q1max＝Qmax-Q3-Q2 of the passive heat insulation system (2);
S15, determining the specification of the passive heat insulation system (2) according to the maximum allowable heat leakage quantity Q 1max of the passive heat insulation system (2), and further determining the outer tank size specification of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1);
Wherein, the total heat leak amount calculation formula of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is:
Q＝Q1+Q2+Q3
The heat leakage of the passive heat insulation system (2) mainly comprises three parts of solid heat conduction, residual gas heat conduction and heat radiation, the apparent heat conduction coefficient is generally used for representing the proportionality coefficient between heat flow and temperature gradient, and the heat leakage quantity Q 1 of the passive heat insulation system (2) has the following calculation formula:
Wherein: r 1 denotes the inner sphere radius; r 0 represents the radius of the outer sphere, and lambda is the apparent thermal conductivity of the passive heat insulation system (2); t 1 represents the outer sphere wall temperature; t 0 represents the temperature of the wall surface of the inner ball;
The inner ball and the outer ball are supported to form a heat bridge, so that a cold insulation supporting mode is adopted to reduce the heat leakage quantity of the supporting structure, and the heat leakage quantity Q 2 of the supporting structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: n is the number of the struts; lambda 1 is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the support column material; a 1 is the cross-sectional area of the support column; l 1 is the strut length; lambda 2 is the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation material; a 2 is the cross-sectional area of the heat insulating material; l 2 is the length of the heat insulating material; t 1 represents the outer sphere wall temperature; t 0 represents the temperature of the wall surface of the inner ball;
the inner ball is provided with a liquid filling port, a liquid discharging port, a liquid level meter port, an overflow port, a safety discharge port, an analysis port and a purging port, each connecting pipe is communicated with the outer ball to form an inner ball-outer ball heat bridge, and the calculation formula of the heat leakage Q 3 of the pipeline structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is as follows:
Wherein: lambda n is the heat conductivity coefficient of the connecting pipe material; a n is the sectional area of the connecting pipe; l n is the length of the connecting pipe; t 1 represents the outer sphere wall temperature; t 0 represents the temperature of the wall surface of the inner ball; indicating a single take-over leak; /(I) Indicating the sum of the heat leak of each adapter.
2. The BOG control system of the liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein a supporting piece (6) is arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), and the upper end part and the lower end part of the supporting piece (6) are connected with the inner wall of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1); a plurality of spiral case type heat exchange tube bundles are distributed on the support piece (6) along the length direction of the support piece;
An air inlet (15) of the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle is connected with an output port of the refrigeration subsystem (II) through an air inlet pipe (7); an air outlet (16) of the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle is connected with an input port of a refrigeration subsystem (II) through an air outlet pipe (8); the refrigeration subsystem (II) is used for generating cold energy, conveying the cold energy to the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle through the air inlet tube (7), and bringing back waste heat in the spiral case type heat exchange tube bundle through the air outlet tube (8); the spiral-casing type heat exchange tube bundle exchanges energy between the cold energy generated by the refrigeration subsystem (II) and the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1).
3. The BOG control system of a liquid hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that the refrigeration subsystem (ii) delivers cold to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through an air inlet pipe (7) and simultaneously returns internal waste heat of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through an air outlet pipe (8); the air inlet pipe (7) is sequentially provided with a switch valve (11), a mass flowmeter (10) and a flow regulating valve (9) along the medium transmission direction.
4. The BOG control system for a liquid hydrogen tank according to any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising: a security management system (IV); the safety management system (IV) is used for treating hydrogen generated in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1); the safety management system (IV) comprises a safety valve (13) and an emptying system (14) connected with the output end of the safety valve (13); the input end of the safety valve (13) is communicated with the inside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), if the state data in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) exceeds the upper limit of the safety state, the safety valve (13) is opened to exhaust, and the discharged hydrogen enters the emptying system (14).
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