CN115075604B - Reinforcing method for old plate type balcony bearing structure - Google Patents
Reinforcing method for old plate type balcony bearing structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115075604B CN115075604B CN202210787644.4A CN202210787644A CN115075604B CN 115075604 B CN115075604 B CN 115075604B CN 202210787644 A CN202210787644 A CN 202210787644A CN 115075604 B CN115075604 B CN 115075604B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G23/0237—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of storey floors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0292—Repairing or restoring balconies
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Abstract
A method for reinforcing an old plate type balcony bearing structure comprises the steps of dismantling an original balcony bedplate at the bottommost layer, digging to the bottom surface of an original foundation, and additionally arranging a strip foundation under a frame column and a newly-added balcony bedplate at the bottom layer; selecting an original anode bedplate to be reinforced from other original anode bedplate to be reinforced upwards from the bottom layer, and installing an unloading support device at the lower part of the original anode bedplate; arranging a laser range finder to monitor the deformation of the balcony slab; dismantling a balcony window to be reinforced; binding a balcony frame beam reinforcement cage; binding steel bars of the balcony reinforcing plate, and arranging a steel cylinder with a shear key at the top of the steel pipe support; binding a steel reinforcement cage of the balcony frame column; erecting a template of a balcony frame beam, a balcony frame column and a balcony reinforcing plate; pouring micro-expansion grouting material; after the steel pipe is maintained to the designed strength, the template is dismantled, and the steel pipe support is removed; and finishing the reinforcement of the balcony slab to be reinforced. The reinforcing method can effectively reinforce the old balcony slab with degraded bearing capacity, and is suitable for reinforcing the balcony slabs of local floors and the balcony slabs of all floors of the whole unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building reinforcement, and particularly relates to a method for reinforcing a bearing structure of an old plate-type balcony.
Background
The slab balcony has the advantages of simple design, convenient construction, low cost and the like, and is widely used in buildings of old communities. For some old districts, the construction age is earlier, and the design and construction standards are relatively low, so that the design and construction of the plate type balcony can not meet the requirement of long-term use. In the long-term use process of some plate-type balconies, the problems of long-term weathering, concrete peeling, frequent rib exposure and the like gradually occur, great potential safety hazards are generated, and effective maintenance measures are lacked, so that the bearing capacity of the balcony plate is seriously weakened, and even cracks and inclined deformation can occur. In addition, some residents can stack a large amount of sundries on the balcony, so that the load of the balcony exceeds the expectation in design for a long time, the balcony plate is deformed too much, even the whole plate falls off, and the health and property safety of lives of residents are seriously threatened.
The prior plate type balcony reinforcing method mainly comprises an overlapping method, an additional supporting method and a pouring method. However, the stacking method and the support method need the balcony slab to maintain a certain strength, have a small application range, and are not easy to satisfy the condition that the bearing capacity of the original balcony slab is sufficient. The original balcony slab is required to be dismantled and poured again in the pouring method, and the original balcony slab is limited by times, so that the concrete quality is low, the number of reinforcing bars is small, and the situation that pouring cannot be carried out again is likely to occur once the balcony slab is dismantled. Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a balcony slab reinforcing method with short working period, fast effect, simple construction process and wide application range, which can treat the loss of the bearing capacity of the slab balcony caused by the factors of the design and construction age limit, the lack of maintenance for a long time, the bearing load far exceeding the design expectation and the like, so as to realize simple, efficient and economic reinforcement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at some problems in the prior art, the invention provides a reinforcing method of an old plate type balcony bearing structure, which has the advantages of simple integral implementation process, easy implementation, short reinforcing operation period, quick effect, reliable reinforcing effect, small influence on an upper structure and wide applicability, can effectively reinforce a balcony plate with insufficient bearing capacity, can effectively solve the problems of low bearing capacity of the balcony plate caused by design age limit and long-term lack of maintenance and shedding of the balcony plate caused by actual load exceeding design expectation due to a large amount of sundries stacked by residents, can realize simple, efficient, economic and safe repair and reinforcing operation on the plate type balcony, and can ensure that the reinforced balcony plate has good bearing capacity and stable service life.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for reinforcing a bearing structure of an old plate-type balcony, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: removing the original balcony slab at the bottommost layer, digging to the bottom depth of the original brick wall strip foundation, and additionally arranging a frame column lower strip foundation and a newly-added balcony slab at the bottom layer;
s1: firstly, removing balcony windows on three sides outside the root of the original balcony bedplate at the bottommost layer, and then removing the original balcony bedplate at the bottommost layer;
s2: excavating below the removed original positive bedplate to the buried depth of the strip foundation of the original brick wall, binding a reinforcement cage of a widened strip foundation outside the strip foundation of the original brick wall below the root of the removed original positive bedplate, and binding a reinforcement cage of a strip foundation below the frame column below the side, far away from the root, of the removed original positive bedplate;
s3: respectively binding reinforcement cages of the first frame column around the lower side of the removed original anode bedplate, and fixedly connecting the lower ends of the reinforcement cages of the first two frame columns close to the root of the original anode bedplate with the reinforcement cage of the widened strip foundation, and fixedly connecting the lower ends of the reinforcement cages of the first two frame columns far away from the root of the original anode bedplate with the reinforcement cage of the strip foundation below the frame columns;
s4: binding frame beam reinforcement cages around the position where the original male platen is removed, wherein the two frame beam reinforcement cages perpendicular to the original brick wall are used as reinforcement cages of the two frame beams I, the frame beam reinforcement cage on the outer side and parallel to the original brick wall is used as reinforcement cage of the frame beam II, and the frame beam reinforcement cage close to the root of the original brick wall is used as reinforcement cage of the frame beam III; simultaneously, longitudinal reinforcements in the reinforcement cage I of the first two frame beams are anchored into the original brick wall and are fixedly connected with the ring beam in the original brick wall, stirrups of the reinforcement cage of the third frame beam are fixedly connected with the ring beam in the original brick wall, and the end parts of the reinforcement cage of the third frame beam and the reinforcement cage of the second frame beam are respectively fixedly connected with the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the first two frame beams to form a square frame reinforcement cage; the four corners of the square frame steel reinforcement cage are fixedly connected with the top ends of the steel reinforcement cage of the four frame columns I respectively;
s5: erecting templates outside a reinforcement cage of a widened strip foundation, a reinforcement cage of a strip foundation under a frame column, a reinforcement cage of a frame column I, a reinforcement cage of a frame beam II and a reinforcement cage of a frame beam III, and pouring grouting materials in sequence on the reinforcement cage of the widened strip foundation, the reinforcement cage of the strip foundation under the frame column I, the reinforcement cage of the frame beam II and the reinforcement cage of the frame beam III to form a widened original brick wall strip foundation, a frame column strip foundation, a four frame columns I and a bottom layer newly-added male bedplate positioned at the top ends of the four frame columns I;
s6: removing the template after the poured grouting material is cured to the designed strength;
step two: selecting the next original positive bedplate to be reinforced from other original positive bedplate to be reinforced above the newly-increased positive bedplate at the bottom layer from bottom to top, and mounting an unloading support device at the lower part of the original positive bedplate;
a vertical unloading supporting device is erected below an original male platen to be reinforced, the unloading supporting device is positioned on the inner side of the bearing range of the original male platen and consists of a base plate four, a base plate two, a round steel cylinder with a shearing key, a base plate one, a steel pipe support and a base plate three which are sequentially and tightly abutted from top to bottom, wherein the upper end surface of the base plate four is abutted with the lower end surface of the male platen of the original male platen to be reinforced, and the lower end surface of the base plate three is abutted with the upper end surface of the male platen of the original male platen to be reinforced;
step three: arranging a laser range finder;
taking the central point at the bottom of the original balcony slab and the middle point at the root of the original frame slab adjacent to the original balcony slab as measuring points, and fixedly mounting laser range finders on the surface of the balcony slab and the surface of the original frame slab right below the measuring points;
step four: dismantling a balcony window to be reinforced;
dismantling three sides of the balcony window outside the root of the original balcony slab to be reinforced, and synchronously observing the display numerical value of the laser range finder in the dismantling process to prevent the original balcony slab from being deformed excessively;
step five: binding a balcony frame beam reinforcement cage;
binding frame beam reinforcement cages around the lower side of the original balcony slab to be reinforced, wherein the two frame beam reinforcement cages vertical to the original brick wall are used as reinforcement cages of the two frame beams I, the frame beam reinforcement cage on the outer side and parallel to the original brick wall is used as reinforcement cage of the frame beam II, and the frame beam reinforcement cage close to the root of the original brick wall is used as reinforcement cage of the frame beam III; meanwhile, longitudinal reinforcements at the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the first frame beams are anchored into the original brick wall and are fixedly connected with ring beams in the original brick wall, stirrups of the reinforcement cages of the third frame beams are fixedly connected with the ring beams in the original brick wall, and the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the third frame beams and the reinforcement cages of the second frame beams are respectively fixedly connected with the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the first two frame beams to form a square frame reinforcement cage;
step six: binding steel bars of the balcony reinforcing plate;
binding reinforcing steel bars of a reinforcing plate at the lower side of the original anode plate to be reinforced, surrounding a round steel cylinder with a shear key in the reinforcing steel bars of the reinforcing plate, and fixedly connecting the reinforcing steel bars of the reinforcing plate with a reinforcing steel bar cage of a frame beam I, a reinforcing steel bar cage of a frame beam II and a reinforcing steel bar cage of a frame beam III, and simultaneously anchoring the reinforcing steel bars of the reinforcing plate and the reinforcing steel bars of the original brick wall at vertical parts into the original brick wall and fixedly connecting the reinforcing steel bars with a ring beam in the original brick wall;
step seven: binding a steel reinforcement cage of the balcony frame column II;
binding a reinforcement cage of a second frame column around the lower side of each original male platen to be reinforced, fixedly connecting the top ends of the reinforcement cages of the second four frame columns with the four corners of the square-shaped frame reinforcement cage formed in the fifth step, and simultaneously anchoring stirrups in the reinforcement cages of the second two frame columns close to the root of the original male platen into the original brick wall and fixedly connecting the stirrups with a ring beam in the original brick wall;
step eight: erecting a template;
after the reinforcement cage is bound, firstly erecting a template at the bottom of the reinforcement plate, and supporting the template at the bottom of the reinforcement plate at the top end of a steel pipe supporting position by using a round steel cylinder (19) with a shear key; respectively erecting templates outside the reinforcement cage of the first frame beam, the reinforcement cage of the second frame beam, the reinforcement cage of the third frame beam and the reinforcement cage of the second frame column, and additionally erecting a trapezoidal template outside the reinforcement cage of the second frame beam as a grouting opening;
step nine: pouring grouting material;
pouring grouting materials through the grouting openings in the step eight, wherein the grouting materials are poured into the reinforcement cage of the frame column II, the reinforcement cage of the frame beam I, the reinforcement cage of the frame beam II, the reinforcement cage of the frame beam III and the reinforcement of the reinforcement plate, so that four frame columns II, a frame beam I, a frame beam II, a frame beam III and the reinforcement plate are formed, wherein the frame beam I, the frame beam II, the frame beam III and the reinforcement plate are integrally connected to form a plate type structure, in the pouring process, a backing plate IV, a backing plate II and a round steel cylinder with a shear key are poured into the reinforcement plate, and the upper end face of the reinforcement plate is connected with the lower end face of the original anode plate in a pouring mode;
step ten: removing the template and the steel pipe support after sufficient maintenance time;
removing the template after the grouting material poured in the step nine is cured to the designed strength; cutting off grouting material at a grouting opening, then removing the steel pipe support from the highest layer by layer downwards, comparing and observing the numerical value of the laser range finder before and after removal, recovering the support of the steel pipe support if the numerical value is changed greatly, and performing subsequent removal work of the steel pipe support after the deformation tends to be stable;
step eleven: and repeatedly executing the step two to the step nine: until finishing the strengthening operation of all the original balcony slabs to be strengthened above the newly-increased balcony slab at the bottom layer.
Further, in order to facilitate the operation and improve the operation efficiency of the dismantling operation, in the first step and the fourth step, mechanical equipment is adopted for operation when the balcony window is dismantled.
Preferably, in the second step, the round steel cylinder with the shear key is composed of a round steel cylinder with a diameter of 50-80 mm and four screws with a diameter of 6-10 mm, the outer parts of the screws are welded on the outer surface of the round steel cylinder; in the ninth step, the thickness of the reinforcing plate is matched with the height of the round steel cylinder with the shearing key.
Preferably, in the seventh step, the reinforcement cage of the frame column two is located outside the balcony balustrade on the original balcony board.
Further, in order to improve the reinforcing effect of the original balcony slab and better improve the bearing capacity of the balcony slab, in the fifth step, the reinforcement cage of the first frame beam, the reinforcement cage of the second frame beam and the reinforcement cage of the third frame beam are all attached to the lower end face of the original balcony slab.
Further, in order to better enhance integrity and bearing capacity, in step one, a reinforcement cage of a foundation tie beam is further bound between the lower portions of the reinforcement cages of the two adjacent frame columns, in step one, in step 5, in the process of supporting the formwork, the formwork is further supported outside the reinforcement cage of the foundation tie beam, in the process of pouring grouting material, the reinforcement cage of the foundation tie beam is further poured, and the foundation tie beam is formed.
According to the invention, the original anode bedplate at the bottommost layer is firstly removed, the strip-shaped foundation is arranged below the designed part of the frame column of the original anode bedplate to be reinforced, specifically, the original strip-shaped foundation below the original brick wall and the newly-added strip-shaped foundation below the frame column are widened, then the four first frame columns positioned around the removed original anode bedplate are poured on the upper parts of the widened original strip-shaped foundation and the strip-shaped foundation below the frame column, and the newly-added anode bedplate at the bottom layer is poured on the top ends of the four first frame columns, so that the bearing and supporting functions can be effectively provided in the subsequent reinforcing operation process to effectively bear the load of the upper layer, therefore, the integrity and the bearing capacity can be enhanced, the condition that the subsequent reinforcing construction is influenced by the overlarge foundation settlement can be effectively prevented, and the safety and reliability in the subsequent construction process can be ensured. Before the original balcony slab on the upper layer is reinforced, the unloading support device is arranged on the lower portion of the balcony slab to be reinforced, so that the balcony slab to be reinforced can be guaranteed to be separated from the load to be repaired, and safety and reliability in the subsequent reinforcing construction process can be further guaranteed. In the process of reinforcing the original male bedplate, the balcony windows on three sides outside the root of the original male bedplate are firstly removed, so that enough construction space can be provided for binding the frame beam reinforcement cage around the outside of the original male bedplate to be reinforced, the construction process is more convenient, the work efficiency is favorably improved, and the construction period is shortened. Through the arrangement of the laser range finder, the deformation conditions of the balcony plate surface and the original frame plate can be conveniently observed in real time, the reliable operation of the reinforcing operation is ensured, meanwhile, the reinforced balcony plate is ensured not to deform greatly in the process of removing the unloading supporting device after the reinforcing operation is completed, and the smooth completion of the reinforcing operation is further ensured; in the process of binding the balcony frame beam steel reinforcement cage, stirrups in the steel reinforcement cage close to the third frame beam of the original brick wall are anchored into the ring beam in the original brick wall, so that the horizontal load born by the reinforced balcony can be shared by the main body of the original brick wall, and the stability of the reinforced balcony is improved. In the process of binding the reinforcing steel bars of the balcony reinforcing plate, the balcony reinforcing plate is fixedly connected with the ring beam in the original brick wall in a switching mode, the main body can be used for further sharing the load borne by the reinforced balcony, and the bearing capacity of the reinforced balcony is further improved. A trapezoidal template is additionally erected on the outer side of the reinforcement cage of the frame beam II to serve as a grouting opening, so that grouting operation can be conveniently completed; through ligature additional member steel reinforcement cage and pour, can form the reinforcing plate that is located former positive platen downside and carry out four frame post two that support to former positive platen four corners, can effectual improvement positive platen's bearing capacity to can carry out reliable support to the positive platen. Through the setting of the round steel cylinder of taking the shear key, not only can utilize the round steel cylinder to play the effect of vertical braces, but also can utilize the shear key to come to support the outside template of reinforcing plate reinforcing bar, in addition, at the in-process of pouring the reinforcing plate, can also pour the round steel cylinder of taking the shear key in wherein, and the steel pipe support that can be convenient and below dismantles the separation, thereby can utilize the shear key to increase the contact area of the round steel cylinder of taking the shear key and concrete, very big increase the holistic structural strength of reinforcing plate and bearing capacity. In addition, a first backing plate is arranged between the round steel cylinder with the shearing key and the steel pipe support below, so that the steel pipe cylinder can be conveniently separated from the steel pipe support after the reinforcing plate is solidified.
The method has the advantages that the original balcony board at the bottommost layer is not required to be disassembled except for the need of increasing the foundation under the column, the rest original balcony boards are not required to be disassembled, and the residual bearing capacity of the original balcony boards is not required to be considered. The invention is suitable for reinforcing the balcony slab of a local floor and is also suitable for reinforcing all balcony slabs of all floors of the whole unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional building slab balcony;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the basic plane of the present invention with a strip foundation under the original balcony slab;
FIG. 3 is a basic cross-sectional view of the present invention with a strip foundation disposed below the original balcony slab;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention with an unloading support device supported below the original balcony slab to be reinforced;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a reinforcement cage binding under the original balcony slab to be reinforced according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of the original balcony before reinforcement;
FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of the reinforced original balcony;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the reinforced building structure;
FIG. 11 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view of the add-on beam A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 12 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view of the outward plate A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 13 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view of the A-A addition column of FIG. 2.
In the figure: 1. the steel tube support, 2, the laser range finder, 3, the balcony window, 4, the original balcony slab, 5, the first backing plate, 6, the fourth backing plate, 7, the first frame beam, 8, the second frame beam, 9, the third frame beam, 10, the reinforcing plate, 11, the first frame column, 12, the original brick wall, 13, the balcony breast board, 14, the ring beam, 15, the strip foundation of the original brick wall, 16, the strip foundation under the frame column, 17, the foundation straining beam, 18, the bottom layer newly-increased balcony slab, 19, the round steel tube with the shear key, 20, the second backing plate, 21, the third backing plate, 22, the original frame plate, 23, and the second frame column.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 13, a method for reinforcing a load-bearing structure of an old slab balcony includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the original balcony slab 4 at the bottommost layer is removed, the bottom depth of the original brick wall strip foundation 15 is dug, and a frame column lower strip foundation 16 and a newly added balcony slab 18 at the bottom layer are additionally arranged;
s1: firstly, removing three sides of the balcony windows 3 except the root of the original balcony board 4 at the bottommost layer, and then removing the original balcony board 4 at the bottommost layer;
s2: firstly, excavating below the removed original positive bedplate 4 until the buried depth of the original brick wall strip foundation 15 is reached, binding a reinforcement cage of a widened strip foundation outside the original brick wall strip foundation 15 below the root of the removed original positive bedplate 4, and binding a reinforcement cage of a frame column lower strip foundation 16 below the side, far away from the root, of the removed original positive bedplate 4;
s3: respectively binding reinforcement cages of the first frame column 11 around the lower side of the removed original anode bedplate 4, fixedly connecting the lower ends of the reinforcement cages of the first two frame columns 11 close to the root of the original anode bedplate 4 with reinforcement cages of the widened strip foundation, and fixedly connecting the lower ends of the reinforcement cages of the first two frame columns 11 far away from the root of the original anode bedplate 4 with reinforcement cages of the lower strip foundations 16 of the frame columns;
s4: frame beam reinforcement cages are bound around the position, where the original male platen 4 is removed, of the two frame beam reinforcement cages perpendicular to the original brick wall 12 and used as reinforcement cages of two frame beams I7, the frame beam reinforcement cage on the outer side and parallel to the original brick wall 12 and used as reinforcement cage of a frame beam II 8, and the frame beam reinforcement cage close to the root of the original brick wall 12 and used as reinforcement cage of a frame beam III 9; meanwhile, longitudinal reinforcements in the reinforcement cages I of the two frame beams I7 are anchored into the original brick wall 12 and are fixedly connected with the ring beams 14 in the original brick wall 12, stirrups of the reinforcement cages of the frame beams III 9 are fixedly connected with the ring beams 14 in the original brick wall 12, and the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the frame beams III 9 and the reinforcement cages of the frame beams II 8 are respectively fixedly connected with the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the two frame beams I7 to form square frame reinforcement cages; four corners of the square frame reinforcement cage are fixedly connected with the top ends of the reinforcement cages of the four frame columns I11 respectively;
s5: erecting templates outside a reinforcement cage of the widened strip foundation, a reinforcement cage of the strip foundation 16 under the frame column, a reinforcement cage of the frame column I11, a reinforcement cage of the frame beam I7, a reinforcement cage of the frame beam II 8 and a reinforcement cage of the frame beam III 9, and pouring grouting materials in sequence on the reinforcement cage of the widened strip foundation, the reinforcement cage of the strip foundation 16 under the frame column I11, the reinforcement cage of the frame column I7, the reinforcement cage of the frame beam II 8 and the reinforcement cage of the frame beam III 9 to form a widened original brick wall strip foundation 15, a strip foundation 16 under the frame column, four frame columns I11 and a bottom layer newly-added male mold 18 positioned at the top ends of the four frame columns I11;
s6: removing the template after the poured grouting material is cured to the designed strength;
step two: selecting the next original positive bedplate 4 to be reinforced from other original positive bedplate 4 to be reinforced above the newly added positive bedplate 18 at the bottom layer from bottom to top, and mounting an unloading support device at the lower part of the original positive bedplate 4;
a vertical unloading support device is erected below the original anode bedplate 4 to be reinforced, the unloading support device is positioned at the inner side of the bearing range of the original anode bedplate 4 and consists of a cushion plate four 6, a cushion plate two 20, a round steel cylinder 19 with a shear key, a cushion plate one 5, a steel pipe support 1 and a cushion plate three 21 which are tightly abutted from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the upper end surface of the cushion plate four 6 is abutted with the lower end surface of the anode bedplate of the original anode bedplate 4 to be reinforced above, and the lower end surface of the cushion plate three 21 is abutted with the upper end surface of the anode bedplate of the original anode bedplate 4 to be reinforced below;
step three: arranging a laser range finder 2;
taking the central point at the bottom of the original balcony slab 4 and the middle point at the root of the original frame slab 22 adjacent to the original balcony slab 4 as measuring points, and fixedly installing laser range finders 2 on the surface of the balcony slab right below the measuring points and the surface of the original frame slab 22;
step four: dismantling the balcony window 3 to be reinforced;
dismantling three sides of the balcony window 3 except the root of the original balcony slab 4 to be reinforced, and synchronously observing the display numerical value of the laser range finder 2 in the dismantling process to prevent the situation that the original balcony slab 4 is deformed excessively;
step five: binding a balcony frame beam reinforcement cage;
frame beam reinforcement cages are bound on the periphery of the lower side of the original balcony slab 4 to be reinforced, wherein two frame beam reinforcement cages vertical to the original brick wall 12 serve as reinforcement cages of two frame beams I7, the frame beam reinforcement cage on the outer side and parallel to the original brick wall 12 serves as reinforcement cage of a frame beam II 8, and the frame beam reinforcement cage close to the root of the original brick wall 12 serves as reinforcement cage of a frame beam III 9; meanwhile, the longitudinal bars at the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the first frame beam 7 are anchored into the original brick wall 12 and are fixedly connected with the ring beam 14 in the original brick wall 12, the stirrups of the reinforcement cages of the third frame beam 9 are fixedly connected with the ring beam 14 in the original brick wall 12, and the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the third frame beam 9 and the second frame beam 8 are respectively fixedly connected with the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the first frame beam 7 to form a square frame reinforcement cage;
step six: binding the steel bars of the balcony reinforcing plate 10;
binding reinforcing steel bars of a reinforcing plate 10 at the lower side of an original anode plate 4 to be reinforced, surrounding a round steel cylinder 19 with a shear key inside a reinforcing cage of the reinforcing plate 10, and fixedly connecting the reinforcing steel bars of the reinforcing plate 10 with a reinforcing cage of a frame beam I7, a reinforcing cage of a frame beam II (8) and a reinforcing cage of a frame beam III 9, and meanwhile, anchoring the reinforcing steel bars of the reinforcing plate 10, which are vertical to an original brick wall 12, into the original brick wall 12 and fixedly connecting the reinforcing steel bars with a ring beam 14 in the original brick wall 12;
step seven: binding a reinforcement cage of the second balcony frame column 23;
binding reinforcement cages of the two frame columns 23 around the lower side of each original positive platen 4 to be reinforced, respectively fixedly connecting the top ends of the reinforcement cages of the two frame columns 23 with the four corners of the square frame reinforcement cage formed in the step five, and simultaneously anchoring stirrups in the reinforcement cages of the two frame columns 23 close to the root of the original positive platen 4 into the original brick wall 12 and fixedly connecting the stirrups with the ring beam 14 in the original brick wall 12;
step eight: erecting a template;
after the reinforcement cage is bound, firstly erecting a template at the bottom of the reinforcement plate 10, and supporting the template at the bottom of the reinforcement plate 10 at the top end of the steel pipe support 1 by using a round steel cylinder 19 with a shear key; respectively erecting templates outside the reinforcement cage of the first frame beam 7, the reinforcement cage of the second frame beam 8, the reinforcement cage of the third frame beam 9 and the reinforcement cage of the second frame column 23, and additionally erecting a trapezoidal template outside the reinforcement cage of the second frame beam 8 as a grouting opening;
step nine: pouring grouting material;
pouring grouting materials through the grouting openings in the step eight, wherein the grouting materials are poured into the reinforcement cages of the second frame column 23, the reinforcement cages of the first frame beam 7, the reinforcement cages of the second frame beam 8, the reinforcement cages of the third frame beam 9 and the reinforcements of the reinforcing plate 10 to form four second frame columns 23, the first frame beam 7, the second frame beam 8, the third frame beam 9 and the reinforcing plate 10, wherein the first frame beam 7, the second frame beam 8, the third frame beam 9 and the reinforcing plate 10 are integrally connected to form a plate type structure, in the pouring process, a fourth backing plate 6, a second backing plate 20 and a round steel cylinder 19 with a shear key are poured into the reinforcing plate 10, and the upper end face of the reinforcing plate 10 is connected with the lower end face of the original sun bedplate 4 in a pouring mode;
step ten: after sufficient maintenance time, the template is removed, and the steel pipe support 1 is removed;
removing the template after the grouting material poured in the step nine is cured to the designed strength; cutting off grouting materials at a grouting opening, then removing the steel pipe support 1 from the highest layer by layer, comparing and observing the numerical value of the laser range finder 2 before and after removal, recovering the support of the steel pipe support 1 if the numerical value is changed too much, and performing subsequent removal work of the steel pipe support 1 after the deformation tends to be stable;
step eleven: and repeatedly executing the step two to the step nine: until finishing the reinforcement operation of all the original balcony boards 4 to be reinforced above the newly added balcony boards 18 at the bottom layer.
In order to facilitate the operation and improve the safety and efficiency of the dismantling operation, in the first step and the fourth step, mechanical equipment is used for the operation, for example, an electric pick can be used for the dismantling, and in order to avoid great damage to the building and influence the service life of the building, smashing is prohibited in the process of dismantling the balcony window 3.
Preferably, in the second step, the round steel cylinder 19 with the shear key is composed of a round steel cylinder with a diameter of 50mm to 80mm and four screws with a diameter of 6 mm to 10mm, the four screws are welded on the outer surface of the round steel cylinder; in step nine, the thickness of the reinforcing plate 10 is adapted to the height of the round steel cylinder 19 with the shear key.
Preferably, in step seven, the reinforcement cage of the frame column two 23 is located outside the balcony breast board 13 on the original balcony board 4.
In order to improve the reinforcing effect of the original balcony slab and better improve the bearing capacity of the balcony slab, in the fifth step, the reinforcement cage of the first frame beam 7, the reinforcement cage of the second frame beam 8 and the reinforcement cage of the third frame beam 9 are all attached to the lower end face of the original balcony slab 4.
In order to better enhance the integrity and the bearing capacity, in step S3, a reinforcement cage of the foundation tie beam 17 is further bound between the lower parts of the reinforcement cages of the two adjacent frame columns 11, in step S5, in the process of supporting the formwork, the formwork is further supported outside the reinforcement cage of the foundation tie beam 17, in the process of pouring grouting material, the reinforcement cage of the foundation tie beam 17 is further poured, and the foundation tie beam 17 is formed.
According to the method, the original positive bedplate at the bottommost layer is firstly removed, the strip-shaped foundation is arranged below the design position of the frame column of the original positive bedplate to be reinforced, specifically, the original strip-shaped foundation below the original brick wall and the newly-added strip-shaped foundation below the frame column are widened, then four frame columns I positioned at the periphery of the removed original positive bedplate are poured on the upper parts of the widened original strip-shaped foundation and the strip-shaped foundation below the frame column I, and the newly-added positive bedplate at the bottom layer is poured on the top ends of the four frame columns I, so that a bearing and supporting function can be effectively provided in the subsequent reinforcing operation process to effectively bear the load of the upper layer, the integrity and the bearing capacity can be enhanced, the condition that the foundation settlement is too large to influence the subsequent reinforcing construction can be effectively prevented, and the safety and the reliability in the subsequent construction process can be ensured. Before the original balcony slab on the upper layer is reinforced, the unloading supporting device is arranged on the lower portion of the balcony slab to be reinforced, so that the balcony slab to be reinforced can be guaranteed to be separated from the borne load to be repaired, and safety and reliability in the subsequent reinforcing construction process can be further guaranteed. In the process of reinforcing the original male bedplate, the balcony windows on three sides outside the root of the original male bedplate are firstly removed, so that enough construction space can be provided for binding the frame beam reinforcement cage around the outside of the original male bedplate to be reinforced, the construction process is more convenient, the work efficiency is favorably improved, and the construction period is shortened. Through the arrangement of the laser range finder, the deformation conditions of the balcony plate surface and the original frame plate can be conveniently observed in real time, the reliable operation of the reinforcing operation is ensured, meanwhile, the reinforced balcony plate is ensured not to deform greatly in the process of removing the unloading supporting device after the reinforcing operation is completed, and the smooth completion of the reinforcing operation is further ensured; in the process of binding the balcony frame beam steel reinforcement cage, stirrups in the steel reinforcement cage close to the third frame beam of the original brick wall are anchored into the ring beam in the original brick wall, so that the horizontal load born by the reinforced balcony can be shared by the main body of the original brick wall, and the stability of the reinforced balcony is improved. In the process of binding the reinforcing steel bars of the balcony reinforcing plate, the balcony reinforcing plate and the ring beam in the original brick wall are fixedly connected, so that the main body can be utilized to further share the load borne by the reinforced balcony, and the bearing capacity of the reinforced balcony is further improved. A trapezoidal template is additionally erected on the outer side of the reinforcement cage of the frame beam II to serve as a grouting opening, so that grouting operation can be conveniently completed; through ligature additional member steel reinforcement cage and pour, can form the reinforcing plate that is located former positive platen downside and carry out four frame post two that support to former positive platen four corners, can effectual improvement positive platen's bearing capacity to can carry out reliable support to the positive platen. Through the setting of the round steel section of thick bamboo of taking the shear key, not only can utilize the round steel section of thick bamboo to play vertical braces's effect, but also can utilize the shear key to come to support the outside template of reinforcing plate reinforcing bar, furthermore, at the in-process of pouring the reinforcing plate, can also pour the round steel section of thick bamboo of taking the shear key wherein, and can be convenient with the steel pipe support of below dismantle the separation, thereby can utilize the shear key to increase the area of contact of the round steel section of thick bamboo of taking the shear key and concrete, very big increase the holistic structural strength of reinforcing plate and bearing capacity. In addition, because the first backing plate is arranged between the round steel cylinder with the shearing key and the steel pipe support below, the reinforcing plate can be conveniently separated from the steel pipe support after being solidified.
The method has the advantages that the original balcony board at the bottommost layer is not required to be disassembled except for the need of increasing the foundation under the column, the rest original balcony boards are not required to be disassembled, and the residual bearing capacity of the original balcony boards is not required to be considered. The invention is suitable for reinforcing the balcony boards of local floors and all balcony boards of all floors of the whole unit.
Claims (6)
1. A method for reinforcing a load-bearing structure of an old plate-type balcony is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: removing the original balcony slab (4) at the bottommost layer, digging to the bottom depth of the strip foundation (15) of the original brick wall, and additionally arranging a frame column lower strip foundation (16) and a newly-added balcony slab (18) at the bottom layer;
s1: firstly, removing the balcony windows (3) on the three outer sides of the root of the original balcony slab (4) at the bottommost layer, and then removing the original balcony slab (4) at the bottommost layer;
s2: firstly, excavating below a removed original positive bedplate (4) until the buried depth of an original brick wall strip foundation (15) is reached, binding a reinforcement cage of a widened strip foundation outside the original brick wall strip foundation (15) below the root of the removed original positive bedplate (4), and binding a reinforcement cage of a frame column lower strip foundation (16) below the side, far away from the root, of the removed original positive bedplate (4);
s3: respectively binding reinforcement cages of the first frame columns (11) around the lower side of the removed original male bedplate (4), fixedly connecting the lower ends of the reinforcement cages of the first two frame columns (11) close to the root of the original male bedplate (4) with a reinforcement cage of the widened strip foundation, and fixedly connecting the lower ends of the reinforcement cages of the first two frame columns (11) far away from the root of the original male bedplate (4) with the reinforcement cages of the lower strip foundations (16) of the frame columns;
s4: frame beam reinforcement cages are bound on the periphery of the position where the original balcony slab (4) is removed, wherein two frame beam reinforcement cages perpendicular to the original brick wall (12) are used as reinforcement cages of two frame beams I (7), the frame beam reinforcement cage on the outer side and parallel to the original brick wall (12) is used as a reinforcement cage of a frame beam II (8), and the frame beam reinforcement cage close to the root of the original brick wall (12) is used as a reinforcement cage of a frame beam III (9); meanwhile, longitudinal bars in the reinforcement cages I of the two frame beams I (7) are anchored into the original brick wall (12) and fixedly connected with the ring beams (14) in the original brick wall (12), stirrups of the reinforcement cages of the frame beams III (9) are fixedly connected with the ring beams (14) in the original brick wall (12), and the ends of the reinforcement cages of the frame beams III (9) and the reinforcement cages of the frame beams II (8) are respectively fixedly connected with the ends of the reinforcement cages of the two frame beams I (7) to form a square frame reinforcement cage; wherein, four corners of the square frame reinforcement cage are respectively fixedly connected with the top ends of the reinforcement cages of the four frame columns I (11);
s5: erecting formworks outside the steel reinforcement cage of the widened strip foundation, the steel reinforcement cage of the frame column lower strip foundation (16), the steel reinforcement cage of the frame column I (11), the steel reinforcement cage of the frame beam I (7), the steel reinforcement cage of the frame beam II (8) and the steel reinforcement cage of the frame beam III (9), and pouring grouting materials in sequence on the steel reinforcement cage of the widened strip foundation, the steel reinforcement cage of the frame column lower strip foundation (16), the steel reinforcement cage of the frame column I (11), the steel reinforcement cage of the frame beam I (7), the steel reinforcement cage of the frame beam II (8) and the steel reinforcement cage of the frame beam III (9) to form a widened original brick wall strip foundation (15), a frame column lower strip foundation (16), four frame columns I (11) and a bottom newly-added male bedplate (18) positioned at the top ends of the four frame columns I (11);
s6: removing the template after the poured grouting material is cured to the designed strength;
step two: selecting the next original positive bedplate (4) to be reinforced from other original positive bedplate (4) to be reinforced above the bottom newly added positive bedplate (18) from bottom to top, and mounting an unloading support device at the lower part of the original positive bedplate (4);
a vertical unloading support device is erected below an original male platen (4) to be reinforced, the unloading support device is positioned on the inner side of the bearing range of the original male platen (4) and consists of a cushion plate four (6), a cushion plate two (20), a round steel cylinder (19) with a shear key, a cushion plate one (5), a steel pipe support (1) and a cushion plate three (21), wherein the cushion plate four (6) is tightly abutted to the lower end face of the male platen above the original male platen (4) to be reinforced, and the cushion plate three (21) is abutted to the upper end face of the male platen below the original male platen (4) to be reinforced;
step three: arranging a laser range finder (2);
taking the central point of the bottom of the original anode bedplate (4) and the middle point of the root of the original frame plate (22) adjacent to the original anode bedplate (4) as measuring points, and fixedly installing laser range finders (2) on the anode bedplate surface right below the measuring points and the plate surface of the original frame plate (22);
step four: dismantling the balcony window (3) to be reinforced;
dismantling the balcony windows (3) on three sides outside the root of the original balcony slab (4) to be reinforced, and synchronously observing the display numerical value of the laser range finder (2) in the dismantling process to prevent the situation that the original balcony slab (4) is deformed excessively;
step five: binding a balcony frame beam reinforcement cage;
frame beam steel reinforcement cages are bound on the periphery of the lower side of the original positive bedplate (4) to be reinforced, wherein two frame beam steel reinforcement cages vertical to the original brick wall (12) are used as steel reinforcement cages of two frame beams I (7), the frame beam steel reinforcement cage on the outer side and parallel to the original brick wall (12) is used as a steel reinforcement cage of a frame beam II (8), and the frame beam steel reinforcement cage close to the root of the original brick wall (12) is used as a steel reinforcement cage of a frame beam III (9); meanwhile, longitudinal bars at the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the first frame beam (7) are anchored into the original brick wall (12) and fixedly connected with the ring beam (14) in the original brick wall (12), stirrups of the reinforcement cages of the third frame beam (9) are fixedly connected with the ring beam (14) in the original brick wall (12), and the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the third frame beam (9) and the reinforcement cages of the second frame beam (8) are respectively fixedly connected with the end parts of the reinforcement cages of the first two frame beams (7) to form a square-shaped frame reinforcement cage;
step six: binding steel bars of the balcony reinforcing plate (10);
binding reinforcing steel bars of a reinforcing plate (10) at the lower side of an original balcony slab (4) to be reinforced, surrounding a round steel cylinder (19) with a shear key inside the reinforcing steel bars of the reinforcing plate (10), and fixedly connecting the reinforcing steel bars of the reinforcing plate (10), a reinforcing cage of a frame beam I (7), a reinforcing cage of a frame beam II (8) and a reinforcing cage of a frame beam III (9) with each other, and meanwhile, anchoring the reinforcing steel bars of the reinforcing plate (10) which are vertical to an original brick wall (12) into the original brick wall (12) and fixedly connecting the reinforcing steel bars with a ring beam (14) in the original brick wall (12);
step seven: binding a reinforcement cage of the balcony frame column II (23);
binding reinforcement cages of two frame columns (23) around the lower side of each original male bedplate (4) to be reinforced, respectively fixedly connecting the top ends of the reinforcement cages of the four frame columns two (23) with the four corners of the square frame reinforcement cage formed in the fifth step, and simultaneously anchoring stirrups in the reinforcement cages of the two frame columns two (23) close to the root part of the original male bedplate (4) into the original brick wall (12) and fixedly connecting the stirrups with a ring beam (14) in the original brick wall (12);
step eight: erecting a template;
after the reinforcement cage is bound, firstly erecting a template at the bottom of the reinforcement plate (10), and supporting the template at the bottom of the reinforcement plate (10) at the top end of the steel pipe support (1) by using a round steel cylinder (19) with a shear key; respectively erecting templates outside the reinforcement cage of the frame beam I (7), the reinforcement cage of the frame beam II (8), the reinforcement cage of the frame beam III (9) and the reinforcement cage of the frame column II (23), and additionally erecting a trapezoidal template outside the reinforcement cage of the frame beam II (8) as a grouting opening;
step nine: pouring grouting material;
pouring grouting materials through the grouting openings in the step eight, wherein the grouting materials are poured into the reinforcement cages of the frame column II (23), the reinforcement cages of the frame beam I (7), the reinforcement cages of the frame beam II (8), the reinforcement cages of the frame beam III (9) and the reinforcements of the reinforcing plate (10) to form four frame column II (23), frame beam I (7), frame beam II (8), frame beam III (9) and the reinforcing plate (10), wherein the frame beam I (7), the frame beam II (8), the frame beam III (9) and the reinforcing plate (10) are integrally connected to form a plate type structure, in the pouring process, a backing plate IV (6), a backing plate II (20) and a round steel cylinder (19) with a shear key are poured into the reinforcing plate (10), and the upper end face of the reinforcing plate (10) is connected with the lower end face of the original male bedplate (4) in a pouring mode;
step ten: after sufficient maintenance time, the template is dismantled, and the steel pipe support (1) is removed;
removing the template after the grouting material poured in the step nine is cured to the designed strength; cutting off grouting material at a grouting opening, removing the steel pipe support (1) from the highest layer by layer, comparing and observing the numerical value of the laser range finder (2) before and after removal, recovering the support of the steel pipe support (1) if the numerical value is changed greatly, and performing subsequent removal work of the steel pipe support (1) after the deformation tends to be stable;
step eleven: and repeatedly executing the step two to the step nine: until finishing the reinforcement operation of all the original balcony boards (4) to be reinforced above the newly added balcony board (18) at the bottom layer.
2. A method for strengthening a load-bearing structure of an old balcony according to claim 1, characterised in that in step one and step four, mechanical equipment is used for working in the removal of the balcony windows (3).
3. The method for reinforcing the load-bearing structure of an old plate-type balcony according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the second step, the round steel cylinder (19) with the shear key is composed of a round steel cylinder with a diameter of 50mm to 80mm and eight screws with a diameter of 6 mm to 10mm externally welded on the outer surface of the round steel cylinder; in the ninth step, the thickness of the reinforcing plate (10) is matched with the height of the round steel cylinder (19) with the shearing key.
4. A method for reinforcing an old balcony load-bearing structure, according to claim 3, wherein in step seven, the reinforcement cages of the frame posts two (23) are located outside the balcony balustrade (13) on the original balcony (4).
5. The method for reinforcing the bearing structure of the old balcony according to claim 4, wherein in the fifth step, the reinforcement cage of the first frame beam (7), the reinforcement cage of the second frame beam (8) and the reinforcement cage of the third frame beam (9) are arranged to be attached to the lower end surface of the original balcony slab (4).
6. The method for reinforcing the bearing structure of the old slab balcony according to the claim 5, wherein in the step S3, the reinforcement cage of the foundation tie beam (17) is bound between the lower parts of the reinforcement cages of the two adjacent frame columns I (11), in the step S5, in the process of supporting the formwork, the formwork is supported outside the reinforcement cage of the foundation tie beam (17), in the process of pouring the grouting material, the reinforcement cage of the foundation tie beam (17) is poured, and the foundation tie beam (17) is formed.
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