CN115074985B - 一种纺织品的洗涤方法 - Google Patents
一种纺织品的洗涤方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115074985B CN115074985B CN202210782917.6A CN202210782917A CN115074985B CN 115074985 B CN115074985 B CN 115074985B CN 202210782917 A CN202210782917 A CN 202210782917A CN 115074985 B CN115074985 B CN 115074985B
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- parts
- powder
- washing
- cleaning
- coating
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D06L1/16—Multi-step processes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
一种纺织品的洗涤方法，属于纺织品洗涤技术领域，所述洗涤方法包括：制备初级清洗液，加入植物清洗因子，清洗，后处理；植物清洗因子的制备方法为：将活性炭粉末，椰油粉，碳酸氢钠，壳聚糖混合均匀后得到混合原料粉；在包覆反应釜中使用皂角粉浆料对混合原料粉进行低温包覆，然后向包覆粉中加入明胶粉，高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，薰衣草精油；本发明的洗涤方法的优点包括：在洗涤中不需要加入对人体有影响的有机溶剂，安全环保；在洗涤过程中不需要对衣服进行大量滚动或搅拌，防止对衣服造成破坏；杀菌能力和抑菌能力强等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纺织品的洗涤方法，属于纺织品洗涤技术领域。
背景技术
纺织品的洗涤方式分为干洗和水洗。水洗是以水做为主要原料，洗涤过程中加入一些洗涤剂，而干洗所使用及耗用的包括四氯乙烯及石油溶剂等干洗剂。与干洗相比，水洗的洗净力高，虽然单从水本身的润湿效果而言不如干洗剂，但是水的溶解能力较强，能溶于各种的表面活性剂为主要成份的洗涤剂，在洗涤过程中发挥润湿，乳化，发泡等作用对污垢有良好的去除能力。但是水洗时，易褪色，服装易产生缩水，对于一些服装上衣，存在定型的胶衬，若进行水洗，由于胶内含有一些水溶性树脂，洗后就会导致服装脱胶，起泡现象，而且在水洗过程中需要加入大量洗涤剂，柔顺剂和杀菌剂，很难冲洗。
随着人们环保意识的不断提升，以及衣服材质也越来越多样化，对纺织品的洗涤也提出了更多的要求，现有的干洗方式使用的洗涤剂“四氯乙烯”含有对人体有害的化学物质，刺激皮肤，而且干洗会对有些纺织品造成破坏，例如对于静电植绒面料服装，干洗后绒面会脱落；对于珠饰较多的服装，在干洗时也容易变形等。
虽然现在也开发了很多洗涤方式，从而能够将干洗和水洗的有益效果进行综合，但是在洗涤中不可避免的会加入有机溶剂或者洗涤过程中还通常会带有对衣服的滚动或搅拌，否则很难将衣服清洗干净，但是上述方法很容易对衣服造成损伤，而且杀菌和抑菌能力差，现在还未找到既环保，又能适用于大部分纺织品，杀菌和抑菌力强，还能将对纺织品的损伤降到最低的方法。
专利CN100343441C公开了用于干洗纺织品和/或皮革和/或使之脱脂的含水组合物，该组合物是天然的且可生物降解；本发明的干洗组合物尤其包括精油和表面活性剂，它可醚化且可微粒化，并且其成分完全是植物来源的；本发明还涉及一种利用上述含水组合物来干洗纺织品和/或皮革和/或使之脱脂的方法，该方法包括在密封容器内滚转纺织品和/或皮革的一系列工序，其特征在于其中的一个工序是：在有限的时间周期内，在大约35-45℃的温度下，通过气动式雾化成不大于50微米的少量含水组合物来浸渍纺织品和/或皮革，直到重量增加约为5%-70%；该专利的不足：该方法需要进行大量的搅拌和翻滚，容易造成某些纺织品变形。
专利CN102839518B公开了一种采用含水醚类物质作为干洗剂的干洗方法，采用该干洗剂后，相比四氯乙烯干洗机本发明干洗机无需添加专门碳吸附及检测装置，此外在蒸馏过程中可以降低蒸馏塔内的真空度要求，甚至可以无需真空泵就可以确保在蒸馏过程中的安全，同时，本发明提供的干洗方法对衣物无损伤，对环境无污染，适宜推广使用；该专利的不足：使用的二丙二醇正丙基醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、N-甲基吡咯等对人体有害。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供一种纺织品的洗涤方法，实现以下发明目的：适用于大部分纺织品，洗涤过程中不加入有机溶剂，环保安全，而且用水量少，洗涤过程中不需要进行高温处理，能够将对纺织品的伤害降至最低。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种纺织品的洗涤方法，由以下步骤组成：制备初级清洗液，加入植物清洗因子，清洗，后处理。
所述制备初级清洗液的方法为，将无水乙醇和水混合均匀后得到混合溶剂，向混合溶剂中加入淀粉酶，蛋白酶，柠檬酸，氯化钠，搅拌均匀后静置5-7min后，加入乙酸乙酯，环糊精，海藻酸钠，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，搅拌均匀后得到初级清洗液。
所述制备初级清洗液中的原料，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：5-10份无水乙醇，100-110份水，1-2份淀粉酶，0.5-0.8份蛋白酶，3-5份柠檬酸，2-5份氯化钠，1-1.5份乙酸乙酯，2-4份环糊精，5-8份海藻酸钠，3-6份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠。
所述加入植物清洗因子的方法为，向初级清洗液中植物清洗因子，然后搅拌均匀得到清洗液。
所述植物清洗因子的制备方法为：将活性炭粉末，椰油粉，碳酸氢钠，壳聚糖混合均匀后得到混合原料粉；在包覆反应釜中使用皂角粉浆料对混合原料粉进行低温包覆，所述低温包覆的温度为130-150℃，包覆时间为45-60min，待低温包覆结束后得到包覆粉；向包覆粉中加入明胶粉，高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，薰衣草精油混合均匀后，置于-10℃到-5℃下冷冻处理30-40min，得到植物清洗因子。
所述植物清洗因子的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：1-5份活性炭粉末，8-12份椰油粉，2-5份碳酸氢钠，0.5-1份壳聚糖，35-40份皂角粉浆料，0.1-0.4份明胶粉，1.5-2份高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，0.1-0.3份薰衣草精油。
所述皂角粉浆料的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：30-35份水，5-8份皂角粉，2-3份轻质碳酸钙，0.5-1份聚乙烯醇，0.1-0.5份乙二胺四乙酸二钠。
所述清洗的方法为，将需要清洗的纺织品浸泡入清洗液中，在25-30℃的环境中静置40-50min后，向清洗液中依次加入硫酸钠，硬脂酸钠，然后进行振荡，控制振荡的频率为80-100次/分钟，振荡时间为8-10min，振荡结束后静置20-25min，得到清洗后的纺织品。
所述硫酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.4-0.5：100。
所述硬脂酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.2-0.3：100。
所述后处理的方法为，将洗涤过后的纺织品置于后处理液中浸泡10-12min后取出，然后放入烘干机中，在35-38℃下进行低温烘干。
所述后处理液的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：120-130份水，5-7份无水乙醇，0.2-0.3份羊毛醇，0.1-0.2份酒石酸。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
（1）本发明的纺织品的洗涤方法，在洗涤中不需要加入对人体有影响的有机溶剂，安全环保；
（2）本发明的纺织品的洗涤方法，能够在洗涤时在纺织品上进行高效洗涤，在洗涤过程中不需要对衣服进行大量滚动或搅拌，防止对珠饰多的衣服造成破坏；
（3）本发明的纺织品的洗涤方法，能够减少纺织品中的化学残留，避免多次冲洗对纺织品造成的影响；
（4）本发明的纺织品的洗涤方法，能够提高对纺织品的杀菌能力，经过本发明的洗涤方法对棉布进行洗涤后，能够将对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率提高到99.2-99.6%，对大肠杆菌的杀菌率提高到99.3-99.7%，对白色念珠菌的杀菌率提高到99.2-99.7%；
（5）本发明的纺织品的洗涤方法，能够提高对纺织品的抑菌能力，经过本发明的洗涤方法对棉布进行洗涤，然后在温度为30℃，相对湿度为70%RH的环境中放置10天后，对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率能达到95.7-98.1%，对大肠杆菌的抑菌率能达到97.1-98.3%，对白色念珠菌的抑菌率能达到94.5-96.8%；
（6）本发明的纺织品的洗涤方法，能够提高对不同布料的去污能力，参照GB/T13174-2008《衣物用洗涤剂去污力及循环洗涤性能的测定》标准进行测试，对国标炭黑油污布JB-01的去污值能达到3.21-3.85，对国标蛋白污布JB-02的去污值能达到4.19-4.57，对国标皮脂污布JB-03的去污值能达到3.69-4.05，对食用油污布JB04的去污值能达到3.09-3.49，对淀粉类污布JB05的去污值能达到3.22-3.59；
（7）本发明的纺织品的洗涤方法，能够降低在洗涤时对纺织品的损伤，使用本发明的洗涤方法经过50次连续洗涤后，对真丝的撕裂强度降低率为1.6%-3.7%，对纯棉的撕裂强度降低率为0.2%-0.7%，对麻织物的撕裂强度降低率为0.6%-1.3%，对仿皮革的撕裂强度降低率为0.1%-0.5%，对羊毛织物的撕裂强度降低率为1.8%-3.4%。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
一种纺织品的洗涤方法，具体为：
1.制备初级清洗液：将无水乙醇和水混合均匀后得到混合溶剂，向混合溶剂中加入淀粉酶，蛋白酶，柠檬酸，氯化钠，搅拌均匀后静置5min后，加入乙酸乙酯，环糊精，海藻酸钠，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，搅拌均匀后得到初级清洗液；
所述制备初级清洗液中的原料，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：5份无水乙醇，100份水，1份淀粉酶，0.5份蛋白酶，3份柠檬酸，2份氯化钠，1份乙酸乙酯，2份环糊精，5份海藻酸钠，3份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠。
2.加入植物清洗因子：向初级清洗液中植物清洗因子，然后搅拌均匀得到清洗液。
所述植物清洗因子的制备方法为：将活性炭粉末，椰油粉，碳酸氢钠，壳聚糖混合均匀后得到混合原料粉；在包覆反应釜中使用皂角粉浆料对混合原料粉进行低温包覆，所述低温包覆的温度为130℃，包覆时间为45min，待低温包覆结束后得到包覆粉；向包覆粉中加入明胶粉，高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，薰衣草精油混合均匀后，置于-10℃下冷冻处理30min，得到植物清洗因子。
所述植物清洗因子的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：1份活性炭粉末，8份椰油粉，2份碳酸氢钠，0.5份壳聚糖，35份皂角粉浆料，0.1份明胶粉，1.5份高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，0.1份薰衣草精油。
所述皂角粉浆料的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：30份水，5份皂角粉，2份轻质碳酸钙，0.5份聚乙烯醇，0.1份乙二胺四乙酸二钠。
3.清洗：将需要清洗的纺织品浸泡入清洗液中，在25℃的环境中静置40min后，向清洗液中依次加入硫酸钠，硬脂酸钠，然后进行振荡，控制振荡的频率为80次/分钟，振荡时间为8min，振荡结束后静置20min，得到清洗后的纺织品。
所述硫酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.4：100。
所述硬脂酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.2：100。
4.后处理：将洗涤过后的纺织品置于后处理液中浸泡10min后取出，然后放入烘干机中，在35℃下进行低温烘干。
所述后处理液的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：120份水，5份无水乙醇，0.2份羊毛醇，0.1份酒石酸。
实施例2
一种纺织品的洗涤方法，具体为：
1.制备初级清洗液：将无水乙醇和水混合均匀后得到混合溶剂，向混合溶剂中加入淀粉酶，蛋白酶，柠檬酸，氯化钠，搅拌均匀后静置6min后，加入乙酸乙酯，环糊精，海藻酸钠，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，搅拌均匀后得到初级清洗液；
所述制备初级清洗液中的原料，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：7份无水乙醇，105份水，1.5份淀粉酶，0.7份蛋白酶，4份柠檬酸，3份氯化钠，1.2份乙酸乙酯，3份环糊精，7份海藻酸钠，4份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠。
2.加入植物清洗因子：向初级清洗液中植物清洗因子，然后搅拌均匀得到清洗液。
所述植物清洗因子的制备方法为：将活性炭粉末，椰油粉，碳酸氢钠，壳聚糖混合均匀后得到混合原料粉；在包覆反应釜中使用皂角粉浆料对混合原料粉进行低温包覆，所述低温包覆的温度为140℃，包覆时间为50min，待低温包覆结束后得到包覆粉；向包覆粉中加入明胶粉，高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，薰衣草精油混合均匀后，置于-8℃下冷冻处理35min，得到植物清洗因子。
所述植物清洗因子的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：3份活性炭粉末，10份椰油粉，4份碳酸氢钠，0.8份壳聚糖，37份皂角粉浆料，0.3份明胶粉，1.7份高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，0.2份薰衣草精油。
所述皂角粉浆料的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：32份水，7份皂角粉，2份轻质碳酸钙，0.7份聚乙烯醇，0.3份乙二胺四乙酸二钠。
3.清洗：将需要清洗的纺织品浸泡入清洗液中，在27℃的环境中静置45min后，向清洗液中依次加入硫酸钠，硬脂酸钠，然后进行振荡，控制振荡的频率为90次/分钟，振荡时间为9min，振荡结束后静置22min，得到清洗后的纺织品。
所述硫酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.45：100。
所述硬脂酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.25：100。
4.后处理：将洗涤过后的纺织品置于后处理液中浸泡11min后取出，然后放入烘干机中，在36℃下进行低温烘干。
所述后处理液的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：125份水，6份无水乙醇，0.2份羊毛醇，0.1份酒石酸。
实施例3
一种纺织品的洗涤方法，具体为：
1.制备初级清洗液：将无水乙醇和水混合均匀后得到混合溶剂，向混合溶剂中加入淀粉酶，蛋白酶，柠檬酸，氯化钠，搅拌均匀后静置5-7min后，加入乙酸乙酯，环糊精，海藻酸钠，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，搅拌均匀后得到初级清洗液；
所述制备初级清洗液中的原料，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：10份无水乙醇，110份水，2份淀粉酶，0.8份蛋白酶，5份柠檬酸，5份氯化钠，1.5份乙酸乙酯，4份环糊精，8份海藻酸钠，6份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠。
2.加入植物清洗因子：向初级清洗液中植物清洗因子，然后搅拌均匀得到清洗液。
所述植物清洗因子的制备方法为：将活性炭粉末，椰油粉，碳酸氢钠，壳聚糖混合均匀后得到混合原料粉；在包覆反应釜中使用皂角粉浆料对混合原料粉进行低温包覆，所述低温包覆的温度为150℃，包覆时间为60min，待低温包覆结束后得到包覆粉；向包覆粉中加入明胶粉，高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，薰衣草精油混合均匀后，置于-5℃下冷冻处理40min，得到植物清洗因子。
所述植物清洗因子的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：5份活性炭粉末，12份椰油粉，5份碳酸氢钠，1份壳聚糖，40份皂角粉浆料，0.4份明胶粉，2份高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，0.3份薰衣草精油。
所述皂角粉浆料的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：35份水，8份皂角粉，3份轻质碳酸钙，1份聚乙烯醇，0.5份乙二胺四乙酸二钠。
3.清洗：将需要清洗的纺织品浸泡入清洗液中，在30℃的环境中静置50min后，向清洗液中依次加入硫酸钠，硬脂酸钠，然后进行振荡，控制振荡的频率为100次/分钟，振荡时间为10min，振荡结束后静置25min，得到清洗后的纺织品。
所述硫酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.5：100。
所述硬脂酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.3：100。
4.后处理：将洗涤过后的纺织品置于后处理液中浸泡12min后取出，然后放入烘干机中，在38℃下进行低温烘干。
所述后处理液的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：130份水，7份无水乙醇，0.3份羊毛醇，0.2份酒石酸。
对比例1
采用实施例1所述的纺织品的洗涤方法，其不同之处在于：在制备初级清洗液步骤中不加入环糊精和海藻酸钠。
对比例2
采用实施例1所述的纺织品的洗涤方法，其不同之处在于：在植物清洗因子的制备过程中不使用低温包覆，直接将皂角粉浆料与混合原料粉混合，即将植物清洗因子的制备方法改为：将活性炭粉末，椰油粉，碳酸氢钠，壳聚糖混合均匀后得到混合原料粉；然后向混合原料粉中加入皂角粉浆料，明胶粉，高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，薰衣草精油混合均匀后，置于-10℃下冷冻处理30min，得到植物清洗因子。
对比例3
采用实施例1所述的纺织品的洗涤方法，其不同之处在于：省略后处理步骤中，直接将洗涤后的纺织品置于35℃下进行低温烘干。
去污力测试：
按照实施例1-3和对比例1-3的纺织品的洗涤方法，参照GB/T13174-2008《衣物用洗涤剂去污力及循环洗涤性能的测定》标准，采用国标炭黑油污布JB-01、国标蛋白污布JB-02、国标皮脂污布JB-03、食用油污布JB04、淀粉类污布JB05五种污布进行测试，对去污值的测试结果如下：
对纺织品的损伤测试：
取5种不同的面料，分别为真丝、纯棉、麻织物、仿皮革、羊毛织物，裁剪至尺寸为1m*1m，分别测试5种面料的撕裂强度，然后对5种面料分别进行连续洗涤50次后，测试撕裂强度，计算撕裂强度的降低率，计算结果如下：
撕裂强度的降低率的计算公式为：（洗涤50次前的撕裂强度-洗涤50次后的撕裂强度）/洗涤50次前的撕裂强度。
杀菌能力测试：
配制30ml菌悬液，平均分为7份，然后用7份菌悬液分别将7块大小为1m*1m的棉布打湿后，对7块棉布上的活菌数进行检测并记录，然后分别使用实施例1-3和对比例1-3的方法对其中6块棉布进行洗涤，留下一块不进行洗涤，在测试抑菌率时作为空白对照，对洗涤后的6块棉布上的活菌数进行记录，计算杀菌率；
然后将6块洗涤后棉布和空白对照置于温度为30℃，相对湿度为70%RH的环境中，放置10天后，对棉布上的活菌数进行记录，计算抑菌率。
所述抑菌率的计算公式为：
（10天后空白对照上的活菌数-10天后被测试的棉布上的活菌数）/10天后空白对照上的活菌数
所述菌悬液为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的混合液。
测得的杀菌率如下：
测得的抑菌率如下：
除非另有说明，本发明中所采用的百分数均为质量百分数。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种纺织品的洗涤方法，其特征在于，所述洗涤方法由以下步骤组成：制备初级清洗液，加入植物清洗因子，清洗，后处理；
所述制备初级清洗液的方法为，将无水乙醇和水混合均匀后得到混合溶剂，向混合溶剂中加入淀粉酶，蛋白酶，柠檬酸，氯化钠，搅拌均匀后静置5-7min后，加入乙酸乙酯，环糊精，海藻酸钠，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，搅拌均匀后得到初级清洗液；
所述制备初级清洗液中的原料，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：5-10份无水乙醇，100-110份水，1-2份淀粉酶，0.5-0.8份蛋白酶，3-5份柠檬酸，2-5份氯化钠，1-1.5份乙酸乙酯，2-4份环糊精，5-8份海藻酸钠，3-6份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠；
所述加入植物清洗因子的方法为，向初级清洗液中植物清洗因子，然后搅拌均匀得到清洗液；
所述植物清洗因子的制备方法为：将活性炭粉末，椰油粉，碳酸氢钠，壳聚糖混合均匀后得到混合原料粉；在包覆反应釜中使用皂角粉浆料对混合原料粉进行低温包覆，所述低温包覆的温度为130-150℃，包覆时间为45-60min，待低温包覆结束后得到包覆粉；向包覆粉中加入明胶粉，高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，薰衣草精油混合均匀后，置于-10℃到-5℃下冷冻处理30-40min，得到植物清洗因子；
所述植物清洗因子的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：1-5份活性炭粉末，8-12份椰油粉，2-5份碳酸氢钠，0.5-1份壳聚糖，35-40份皂角粉浆料，0.1-0.4份明胶粉，1.5-2份高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，0.1-0.3份薰衣草精油；
所述皂角粉浆料的组成，按重量份计，包括30-35份水，5-8份皂角粉，2-3份轻质碳酸钙，0.5-1份聚乙烯醇，0.1-0.5份乙二胺四乙酸二钠；
所述清洗的方法为，将需要清洗的纺织品浸泡入清洗液中，在25-30℃的环境中静置40-50min后，向清洗液中依次加入硫酸钠，硬脂酸钠，然后进行振荡，控制振荡的频率为80-100次/分钟，振荡时间为8-10min，振荡结束后静置20-25min，得到清洗后的纺织品；
所述后处理的方法为，将洗涤过后的纺织品置于后处理液中浸泡10-12min后取出，然后放入烘干机中，在35-38℃下进行低温烘干；
所述后处理液的组成，按重量份计，由以下成分组成：120-130份水，5-7份无水乙醇，0.2-0.3份羊毛醇，0.1-0.2份酒石酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纺织品的洗涤方法，其特征在于，所述硫酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.4-0.5：100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纺织品的洗涤方法，其特征在于，所述硬脂酸钠与清洗液的重量比为0.2-0.3：100。
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