CN115074628B - 一种hb450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板及其生产方法 - Google Patents
一种hb450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
- B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock
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- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Abstract
一种HB450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板及其生产方法,钢中化学成分按重量百分比计为:C0.19%~0.24%、Si1.1%~1.50%、Mn0.7%~1.0%、Nb0.15%~0.25%、Cr0.25%~0.45%、Ni0.4%~0.6%、Al0.040%~0.060%、P≤0.012%、S≤0.002%、[N]≤0.0030%、[H]≤0.00015%、[O]≤0.0015%;余量为Fe及杂质;C*Nb≤0.0006%、1.5%≤Si+Ni≤2.0%。本发明的有益效果是:可连铸生产;表面硬度大于HB450,‑40℃AKV≥40J;耐磨性为同等硬度钢板1.4倍以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料领域,尤其涉及一种HB450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板及其生产方法,可用于工程机械、矿山、冶金、煤机等领域耐磨备件制作。
背景技术
一般低合金耐磨钢采用马氏体基体和Cr、Mo、V、Ti等低硬度碳化物强化耐磨性的设计,采用淬火加低温回火的热处理方式生产,HB450硬度级别普通低合金布氏耐磨钢在工程机械、煤矿机械等领域应用广泛,但冷弯性能相比较差。改善耐磨钢耐磨性一般可通过提高钢板碳含量与合金含量来实现,因此会导致钢材加工性能、焊接性能变差,冷弯成型性能更差。
近年来,在筑路机械、重型矿车、煤机、电厂、水泥等行业的生产过程中,由于物料硬,运动快,对设备磨损非常严重,造成备件磨损快,检修周期短,迫切需要一种高耐磨性HB450级别耐磨钢板,在不增加硬度的情况下延长备件使用寿命。同时部分形状复杂的耐磨备件,制备过程需要经过弯曲成型,普通低合金马氏体耐磨钢冷弯性难以满足其要求。
为提高低合金钢板的耐磨性,近年来国内外一些钢厂在低合金耐磨钢中增加Ti、V含量,利用马氏体基体加高硬度TiC、VC析出增强耐磨性,虽然耐磨性增强,但塑、韧性较差,不能进行冷弯加工,难以大量推广。
检索到国内外高耐磨钢板的生产的多项专利文件,例如以下4个中国专利文件和1个日本专利文件:
中国专利文件1,天津雷公焊接材料有限公司,雷万钧;陈泽荣;徐丽霞;伍珠良;申请的公告号为CN103725976A的发明专利文件“高耐磨双金属复合耐磨板”该发明涉及一种高耐磨双金属复合耐磨板,包括低碳钢板或低碳合金钢板,所述低碳钢板或低碳合金钢板上焊接有耐磨合金层,其特征在于:占耐磨合金层总质量的百分比计,所述耐磨合金层中各成分含量如下:C:0.35~0.55%;Si:2~2.4%;Mn:2.7~3.2%;Cr:11~12.5%;Mo:2.5~2.9%;V:0.7~1.8%;W:2.2~3.6%;B:0.7~1.1%;其余为铁。该发明的优点是能够保证耐磨板表面的平整光滑,耐磨性好。该专利为双金属复合堆焊的工艺生产,工序复杂,成本高,由于堆焊层硬度高,钢板不能成型加工。
中国专利2,柳州凯通新材料科技有限公司,公开(公告)号:CN105695861A的发明专利文件“一种耐磨轧制复合钢板CN201610255354.X”,发明涉及耐磨板材,具体说是一种耐磨轧制复合钢板,其由基材和复材热轧而成,基材为普碳钢板,复材为高强度耐磨钢板;普碳钢板成分的质量百分比为,C:0.1—0.2%、Si:0.15—0.35%、Mn:0.5—1.4%、P:≤0.04%、S:≤0.04%,余量为Fe;高强度耐磨钢板成分的质量百分比为,C:0.20-0.35%、W:1.0-2.0%、Si:0.5-1.5%、Mn:0.8-1.5%、Cr:1.0-2.0%、Ti:1.0-2.0%、S:≤0.04%、P:≤0.04%,余量为Fe。由于普碳钢板整体性能优异,强度、塑形、焊接等性能较高,其成本较低;而高强度耐磨钢板具有高淬透性、高韧性,且具有优良的低温韧性、抗裂性能和焊接性能;该发明将普碳钢板和高强度耐磨钢板热轧复合方法获得高耐磨性,从生产工艺复杂,不具有成型性能。
中国专利3,东北大学,邓想涛;王昭东;王国栋等公开(公告)号:CN105063497A的发明专利文件“一种高耐磨性能易加工低合金耐磨钢板及其制造方法”,发明涉及一种耐磨钢板,所述耐磨钢板的成分按重量百分比计为:C 0.12~0.35%,Si 0.20~0.60%,Mn0.80~1.60%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.004%,Mo 0.00~0.60%,V 0.000~0.040%,Cr0.00~1.20%,Ti 0.08~0.30%,Als 0.02~0.06%,B 0.0008~0.004%,N≤0.0045%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。所述钢板力学性能优秀,其耐磨性能是同等级硬度条件下的1.3~3.0倍。该发明耐磨性好,但Ti含量高,冶炼连铸困难,制造方法稳定可靠但不容易实施。
中国专利4,湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司,汤伟,杨建华,郑健,邓想涛申请的公开号为CN104789881A的发明专利文件“一种高强度高韧性耐磨钢板的生产方法”,发明涉及一种具有良好加工性能的耐磨热轧薄钢板及其制造方法,一种高强度高韧性耐磨钢板的生产方法。钢的化学成分质量百分比为:C=0.15~0.26,Si=0.20~0.55,Mn=1.0~1.60,P≤0.020,S≤0.010,Mo=0.00~0.60,Ni=0.00~0.50,Cr=0.20~1.00,Ti=0.01~0.05,Als=0.02~0.04,B=0.0005~0.004,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。该钢的生产工艺流程:高洁净钢冶炼—铁水脱硫—转炉顶底复合吹炼—真空处理—铸坯。该钢化学成分中无V且无Mo、Ni或少Mo、Ni,合金含量低,韧性良好,能广泛应用于工作条件恶劣,对钢种性能要求高的矿山及工程机械产品上。按以上方法生产的高韧性超高强度耐磨钢板,表面布氏硬度(HB)为420~480,-40℃冲击韧性≥40J,同时具有良好的强韧性匹配及高的耐磨性,碳当量较低,在0.41~0.55之间,具有良好的焊接性能;成分设计采用无V且无Mo、Ni或少Mo、Ni成分体系,从一定程度上节约了成本;该发明为HB450级别普通耐磨钢,不具有高耐磨性。
日本专利1,杰富意钢铁株式会社,寺泽祐介;高山直树;林谦次;长谷和邦的发明专利文件申请公布号CN109072367A,“耐磨损钢板及耐磨损钢板的制造方法”,公开了具有下述成分组成和组织,所述成分组成以质量%计含有:C:0.10~0.23%,Si:0.01~1.0%,Mn:0.30~3.00%,P:0.025%以下,S:0.02%以下,Cr:0.01~2.00%,Al:0.001~0.100%,及N:0.01%以下,余量由Fe及不可避免的杂质构成,所述组织中,距所述耐磨损钢板的表面1mm的深度处的马氏体的体积率为90%以上,所述耐磨损钢板的板厚中心部的原奥氏体粒径为80μm以下,距所述耐磨损钢板的表面1mm的深度处的硬度以布氏硬度计为360~490HBW10/3000耐磨损钢板及耐磨损钢板的制造方法。该钢板合金成分复杂,成本高,只具有普通耐磨性。
可见现有HB450高耐磨冷弯钢板存在以下不足:
1、成分、工艺复杂,需异质复合或堆焊;
2、冶炼连铸困难;
3、不能冷弯成型;
4、耐磨性不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种HB450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板及其生产方法,本发明在低合金耐磨钢的基础上采用新的耐磨理念,合理增加钢中Nb含量,利用弥散析出高硬度碳化铌质点增强耐磨性,具有同等硬度普通耐磨钢板1.4倍以上的耐磨性。采用独特的冶炼、轧制、热处理生产工艺,对钢板表面进行了形成部分脱碳层的止裂处理,加上合理的残余奥氏体含量控制,生产出布氏硬度450HB级别进行冷弯加工的高耐磨性低合金耐磨钢。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种HB450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板,钢中化学成分按重量百分比计为:C 0.19%~0.24%、Si 1.1%~1.50%、Mn 0.7%~1.0%、Nb 0.15%~0.25%、Cr 0.25%~0.45%、Ni 0.4%~0.6%、Al 0.040%~0.060%、P≤0.012%、S≤0.002%、[N]≤0.0030%、[H]≤0.00015%、[O]≤0.0015%;余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质;且C*Nb≤0.0006%、1.5%≤Si+Ni≤2.0%。
本发明钢板化学成分设计以碳、铌、硅微合金化为主要特征,合金含量相对较低,便于冶炼、连铸。通过连铸、控轧控冷后进行低温回火热处理,得到具有良好塑韧性及耐磨性的HB450级别钢板。本发明所设计元素的理由为:
C:为了保证钢板高的强度和硬度,稳定钢中残余奥氏体,需要相当的碳含量做保证。碳可以和Nb形成碳化物析出,增加耐磨性。碳含量过高则焊接性能下降,还影响钢中Nb的固溶和析出,为了保证钢板具有高的耐磨性及良好的焊接性能、成型性能、低温韧性,因此本发明中C含量控制在0.19%~0.24%,同时C*Nb≤0.05;
Si:本发明重点添加元素。是非碳化物形成元素,主要作用是抑制碳化物的析出,稳定钢中残余奥氏体含量,有利于提高钢板的低温韧性和塑性,保证良好的冷弯能力。同时起稳定脱碳层厚度的作用,但Si过多时会使焊接性能下降,因此本发明中Si含量控制在1.1%~1.5%;
Mn:主要作用是提高淬透性,同时促进Nb的固溶。有利于强度和耐磨性的提高,但含量过高时易形成中心偏析,使板坯中心有易发裂纹的倾向;不利于冷成型,因此本发明中Mn含量控制在0.7%~1.0%;
Nb:本发明重要添加元素。主要作用:增加耐磨性和塑性。Nb是强碳和氮化合物形成元素,在钢中与C、N结合可形成NbC、Nb(C,N)等化合物。具有高的化学稳定性、高硬度的特征,可形成普通耐磨钢1.4倍的的耐磨性能,另外Nb元素的添加,使得低温奥氏体组织在轧制过程中应变诱导析出大量的碳氮化物,具有增加淬透性和析出强化的作用;溶解在奥氏体中的Nb,在两阶段轧制过程中抑制奥氏体再结晶,细化奥氏体晶粒。有利于钢板的冷弯性能。但Nb含量过高,则会影响钢板的力学性能。因此,本发明中Nb的加入量为0.15%~0.25%。
Ni:非碳化物形成元素,主要作用是改善钢的韧性和塑性,Ni含量<0.4%则达不到要求的效果,而如果Ni含量大于0.6%,成本过高,在淬火时可能残留奥氏体过多。本发明控制Ni:0.4~0.6%,由于Si和Ni都有促进残余奥氏体含量的作用,本发明控制残余奥氏体含量5~10%,为防止残余奥氏体量过多或过少,对Si+Ni的总量进行控制,因此本发明1.5%≤Si+Ni≤2.0%。
Al:脱氧和固氮的有效元素。可减少钢中氧化物夹杂并纯净钢质,有利于提高钢板的成型性能,含量过高将会造成浇铸困难,会在钢中形成大量Al2O3夹杂物,导致延展性变差,固氮可保证铌主要与碳化合。因此本发明中Al:0.04%~0.06%,
Cr:增加钢的淬透性的作用。铬是强碳化物形成元素,可提高的强度和硬度。Cr过多加入会影响焊接性,因此本发明控制Cr:0.25%~0.45%。
杂质元素:为保证钢板具有良好的塑性和韧性,避免磨损时的破裂、冷弯时裂纹的发生,本发明控制P≤0.012%,S≤0.002%,[H]≤0.00015%,[O]≤0.0015%。
钢中残余奥氏体含量5%~10%,表面部分脱碳层厚度1~2毫米。
在同等实验条件下钢板耐磨性达到同等硬度NM450钢板的1.4倍以上,冷成型性能180°冷弯D=3a。
一种HB450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板的生产方法,本发明生产工艺流程为:冶炼→精炼→板坯连铸→铸坯加热缓冷→加热→控制轧制→控制冷却→回火热处理;包括如下方法:
1)冶炼:本发明精炼时进行了RH脱气时间控制,RH真空循环时间≥15min,通过长时间真空处理,可控制钢水[N]≤0.0040%,[O]≤0.0015%,[H]≤0.00015%。本发明连铸的特征为:适当加大连铸二冷区冷速,采用中等冷却强度模式,连铸二冷区给水量占比60%~80%,同时控制连铸坯拉速为1.1~1.5m/min,目的为避免高温区铌的粗大碳化物过度析出。铸坯厚度200~250mm,连铸时采用电磁搅拌或轻压下,减少中心偏析。本发明控制中心偏析≤B0.5,中间裂纹≤0.5级,目的在于保证冷弯时钢板的内部缺陷最低。连铸后铸坯加热至550~650℃,随炉缓冷大于48小时;可有效去除钢坯中氢含量,同时600℃左右的缓冷有利于铌的细小碳化物充分析出。
2)轧制:采用氧化性气氛加热均热段温度1250~1310℃,均热时间大于2.5小时;较高的加热温度和较长的保温时间目的:1)保证较高的铌能充分固溶;2)利于中心偏析元素的均匀化;3)利于轧后表面形成1-2毫米部分脱碳层的形成,可有效改善轧后钢板冷弯性能。
在轧制时采用粗轧和精轧两阶段控轧,目的在于充分细化和均匀化热轧态组织。粗轧阶段轧制开轧温度≥1100℃,终轧温度控制在≥1050℃;粗轧的单道次压下率不低于15%,保证轧制力的深透和促进碳化铌的析出;精轧开轧温度970~1030℃,变形率不低于70%,目的在于破碎粗大的碳化铌和改善心部缺陷组织,精轧终轧温度900~950℃;
轧后水冷,采用超快冷+层流冷却,超快冷入水温度870~920℃,超快冷冷速≥20℃/s,超快冷终冷温度600~650℃;层流冷速5~10℃/s,返红温度200~250℃,空冷到室温;
前段采用超快冷,入水温度870~920℃,冷速≥20℃/s,前段终冷温度600~650℃,前段快冷可减少铌的碳氮化物缓冷时在晶界的聚集,同时细化奥氏体晶粒有利于塑韧性和耐磨性。后段采用层流冷却,冷速5~10℃/s,返红温度200~250℃,空冷到室温。后段弱冷并控冷到高于200℃,可减少钢板内应力,保留少量残余奥氏体含量,保证板型平直度在5毫米/米以下和冷弯性能。
3)热处理:回火温度为200~250℃,回火保温时间为8~12min/mm。本发明采用高于常规(3~5min/mm)的回火时间,目的在于充分去除淬火内应力,提高钢板的塑性,保证钢板的冷成型性能。
与现有的技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供了一种10~30毫米厚度HB450级别高耐磨钢板及其生产方法。
1、可连铸生产;
2、表面硬度大于HB450,-40℃AKV≥40J;
3、耐磨性为同等硬度钢板1.4倍以上;
4、具有良好冷成型性能180°冷弯D=3a合格。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的实施方式进一步说明:
根据本发明的化学成分及生产工艺,冶炼本发明的钢种实际化学成分如表1,冶炼工艺见表2,本发明钢实例的实际轧制工艺参数如表3,控冷工艺见表4,热处理工艺参数见表5,本发明实物性能检验结果如表6,耐磨性实验结果见表7。
表1本发明钢种的冶炼成分实例,wt%
表2本发明钢种的冶炼工艺
表3本发明钢实例的实际轧制工艺参数
表4本发明钢实例的实际控冷工艺参数
表5本发明钢实例的热处理工艺
表6本发明钢实施例的力学性能
在MLS-225型湿砂橡胶轮式磨损试验机对本发明高耐磨钢板与普通NM450钢板进行对比实验,施加压力为70N,砂轮转速为:200r/min,总转数:2000r,试验时间约10分钟。实验结果见表7。
表7本发明实施例耐磨性对比
钢种 | 磨损量ΔM/g | 耐磨性对比 |
普通NM450 | 0.0425 | 1 |
1-1 | 0.0280 | 1.52 |
1-2 | 0.0280 | 1.52 |
2-1 | 0.0299 | 1.42 |
2-2 | 0.0287 | 1.48 |
3-1 | 0.0291 | 1.46 |
3-2 | 0.0293 | 1.45 |
4-1 | 0.0299 | 1.42 |
4-2 | 0.0297 | 1.43 |
可见本发明钢板的耐磨性达到普通耐磨钢板NM450的1.4倍以上。
Claims (3)
1.一种HB450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板,其特征在于,钢中化学成分按重量百分比计为:C0.19%~0.24%、Si 1.1%~1.50%、Mn 0.7%~1.0%、Nb 0.15%~0.25%、Cr 0.25%~0.45%、Ni 0.4%~0.6%、Al 0.040%~0.060%、P≤0.012%、S≤0.002%、[N]≤0.0030%、[H]≤0.00015%、[O]≤0.0015%;余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质;且C*Nb≤0.0006%、1.5%≤Si+Ni≤2.0%;
HB450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板的生产方法,包括:
1)冶炼:RH真空循环时间≥15min,控制连铸坯拉速为1.1~1.5m/min,连铸二冷区给水量占比60%~80%,钢坯中心偏析≤B0.5,中间裂纹≤0.5级,连铸后铸坯加热至550~650℃,随炉缓冷大于48小时;
2)轧制:采用氧化性气氛加热均热段温度1250~1310℃,均热时间大于2.5小时;
在轧制时采用粗轧和精轧两阶段控轧,粗轧阶段轧制开轧温度≥1100℃,终轧温度控制在≥1050℃;粗轧的单道次压下率不低于15%;精轧开轧温度970~1030℃,变形率不低于70%,精轧终轧温度900~950℃;
轧后水冷,采用超快冷+层流冷却,超快冷入水温度870~920℃,超快冷冷速≥20℃/s,超快冷终冷温度600~650℃;层流冷速5~10℃/s,返红温度200~250℃,空冷到室温;
3)热处理:回火温度为200~250℃,回火保温时间为8~12min/mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种HB450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板,其特征在于,钢中残余奥氏体含量5%~10%,表面部分脱碳层厚度1~2毫米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种HB450级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板,其特征在于,在同等实验条件下钢板耐磨性达到同等硬度NM450钢板的1.4倍以上,冷成型性能180°冷弯D=3a。
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