CN115073866A - Biochar-embedded composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biochar-embedded composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
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- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/04—Alginic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, relates to hydrogel preparation, and particularly relates to embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye and a preparation method thereof. The sodium alginate-lanthanum chloride-sodium embedding material is prepared by cross-linking reaction of sodium alginate, activated carbon, polyvinyl alcohol, lanthanum chloride and deionized water, wherein the sodium alginate is used as an embedding agent, the polyvinyl alcohol is used as an adhesive, and the lanthanum chloride is used as a cross-linking agent. The composite hydrogel effectively overcomes the defects of easy migration along with water flow, low mechanical strength, easy agglomeration of carbon powder and the like when the activated carbon is independently used as an adsorbent carrier, and overcomes the problems that in the prior art, the biological carbon-embedded hydrogel is difficult to realize the cyclic utilization of agricultural waste resources containing the biological carbon in the preparation process, and the adsorption capacity of high-molecular organic matters in the activated dye is limited and the adsorption efficiency is generally low. In addition, the preparation process which is green and pollution-free and has simple and convenient flow achieves the triple purposes of efficiently removing the macromolecular organic matters in the reactive dye and treating wastes with wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, relates to hydrogel preparation, and particularly relates to embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the dye industry in China, the number and the types of dyes are more and more, the components are more and more complex, and a large amount of water resources are consumed in the dyeing process, so that a large amount of industrial wastewater containing the dyes is inevitably generated in the dye production and use process, and the ecological system is seriously damaged. Because the dye has the characteristics of acid resistance, light resistance, alkali resistance and the like due to the complex and extremely stable molecular structure, especially in recent years, due to the continuous pursuit of people for high-quality life, the requirements on printing and dyeing products are higher and higher, the dyeing process is also upgraded continuously, and the dye, the auxiliary agent and the like added in the dyeing process are more and more complex, so that the treatment difficulty of the dye wastewater is higher and higher. How to treat printing and dyeing wastewater efficiently has become an important social problem.
At present, common methods for treating organic dye wastewater at home and abroad comprise an adsorption method, a biological treatment method, a chemical oxidation method and the like. The adsorption method has special status in the field of wastewater treatment because of the advantages of selective enrichment of specific compounds, convenient operation, environmental friendliness, low cost, recoverability and the like. The biochar has rich pore structures and larger specific surface area, and becomes a good adsorbent for treating organic pollutants. However, in the practical application process, the carbon powder has small particle size, so that the carbon powder is not easy to separate in time after adsorbing pollutants, is easy to cause secondary pollution along with water loss, and is not beneficial to recycling.
The hydrogel has a three-dimensional network structure, is large in specific surface area, can absorb a large amount of pollutants, contains a large amount of functional groups, can remove various pollutants through ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, chelation and hydrophobic interaction, and has the advantages of being easy to separate and recycle in a solution, so that the hydrogel becomes a research hotspot of the current sewage treatment adsorbent. However, the prior art has the problems of complex preparation process, single adsorption object and long adsorption time of the composite hydrogel, so that research and improvement on the preparation process and the application effect of the composite hydrogel are necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye and a preparation method thereof. The preparation of the embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing the active dye is realized by adopting a one-step method, and the preparation process which is green and pollution-free and simple and convenient in process achieves the triple purposes of efficiently removing high-molecular organic matters in the active dye and treating wastes with processes of wastes against one another.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a preparation method of embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and sieving the activated carbon to obtain activated carbon powder particles;
(2) dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, heating in a water bath, continuously stirring to obtain a colorless transparent solution, cooling to room temperature, adding sodium alginate, continuously stirring, slowly adding the activated carbon powder particles obtained in the step (1), continuously stirring until the solution becomes a uniform emulsion, adding deionized water, and continuously stirring until a colloidal solution is formed;
(3) ultrasonically exhausting the colloidal solution obtained in the step (2), taking out and pouring the colloidal solution into a glass mold, standing for solidification, and cooling for shaping to obtain a jelly;
(4) and (4) placing the jelly obtained in the step (3) into a lanthanum chloride solution, and soaking at constant temperature to form the jelly, so as to obtain the embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing the active dye.
Furthermore, the mesh number of the active carbon powder particles in the step (1) is 30-140 meshes.
Preferably, the mesh number of the activated carbon powder particles in the step (1) is 80-120 meshes.
Further, the step (2) contains 1.4-2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol per 10-40mL of deionized water.
Preferably, the step (2) contains 1.8-2.2g of polyvinyl alcohol per 15-30mL of deionized water.
Further, the temperature of water bath heating in the step (2) is 65-90 ℃, and the time of water bath heating is 1-4 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the water bath heating in the step (2) is 70-85 ℃, and the time of the water bath heating is 1.5-2.5 h.
Further, 0.2-1g of sodium alginate is added to every 1.4-2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol in the step (2).
Preferably, 0.4-0.6g of sodium alginate is added to every 1.4-2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol in the step (2).
Furthermore, in the step (2), 0.01-0.5g of activated carbon powder particles and 3-8mL of deionized water are added to every 1.4-2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, in the step (2), 0.2-0.3g of activated carbon powder particles and 4-6mL of deionized water are added to every 1.4-2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol.
Further, the ultrasonic air exhausting time in the step (3) is 10-40min, the standing and curing temperature is 20-50 ℃, and the standing and curing time is 12-48 h.
Preferably, the ultrasonic air exhausting time in the step (3) is 20-35min, the standing curing temperature is 25-40 ℃, and the standing curing time is 16-34 h.
Further, the addition amount of lanthanum chloride in the lanthanum chloride solution in the step (4) is 1-5 wt.%, and the soaking time is 12-48 h.
Preferably, the lanthanum chloride solution in the step (4) is added in an amount of 1-2 wt.%, and the soaking time is 12-24 h.
Further, the embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing the active dye is prepared by the method.
Further, application of the embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye as polymeric organic adsorbent in printing and dyeing wastewater active dye
Further, in the application, the macromolecular organic matter in the printing and dyeing wastewater reactive dye is at least one of Congo red, methylene blue, malachite green or rhodamine.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing the active dye, which is prepared by the invention, has higher adsorption capacity of biochar for macromolecular organic matters, also has a hydrogel three-dimensional network structure, is higher in mechanical strength, good in water absorption, strong in reusability, greatly saves energy consumption of separation operation after adsorption, and is wide in application range.
2. The invention adopts carbon, sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol with wide sources as main raw materials, prepares the novel composite hydrogel by a one-step method, has the advantages of wide raw material sources, low preparation cost, environmental friendliness and the like, and is highly in line with the chemical green development concept. Meanwhile, the active carbon powder particles with specific meshes can avoid the influence on the adsorption effect caused by large dispersity and poor mass transfer effect due to overlarge particle size; the leakage of carbon powder particles due to the excessively small particle size does not achieve the expected embedding effect.
3. The embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing the active dye provided by the invention can be widely applied to adsorption of active dye macromolecular organic matters in printing and dyeing wastewater, and has high adsorption performance, wherein the adsorption time is 15min, the adsorption rate on Congo red reaches 90.85%, the adsorption rate on methylene blue reaches 88.93%, the adsorption rate on rhodamine B reaches 84.23%, and the adsorption rate on malachite green reaches 81.74%, so that the high-efficiency adsorption of the macromolecular organic matters in the printing and dyeing wastewater is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a composite hydrogel sample in which the amount of carbon powder added is 0.25g in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a comparison of composite hydrogels obtained in example 1 and example 3 of the present invention, wherein FIG. i shows that the amount of carbon added in example 3 is 0.1g, and FIG. ii shows that the amount of carbon added in example 1 is 0.25 g.
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the effect of the composite hydrogel prepared in examples 1-4 adsorbing different high molecular organic compounds in the reactive dye according to the present invention. Wherein FIG. iii corresponds to example 1, i.e., when the amount of carbon added is 0.25g, the resulting composite hydrogel adsorbs rhodamine B; FIG. iv corresponds to example 2, namely, when the amount of carbon added is 0.3g, the adsorption of methylene blue by the obtained composite hydrogel; FIG. v corresponds to example 3, i.e., Congo red adsorption by the composite hydrogel obtained when the amount of carbon added was 0.1 g; FIG. vi corresponds to example 4, i.e., adsorption of the resulting composite hydrogel to malachite green when the amount of carbon added was 0.1 g.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the effects of the composite hydrogel prepared according to the presence or absence of added carbon in examples 1-4 of the present invention in adsorbing different polymeric organic compounds in the reactive dye. In fig. vii, viii, ix and x, left is the chart without adding charcoal, and right is the chart with adding charcoal; FIG. vii is a comparison graph of rhodamine B adsorption versus charcoal addition or absence in example 1; FIG. viii is a plot of methylene blue vs. adsorption on charcoal or not according to example 2; FIG. ix corresponds to a comparison of whether charcoal was added or not in example 3 with Congo red adsorbed; the graphic x is a comparison graph corresponding to whether the malachite green is adsorbed or not added with charcoal in example 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment is a preparation method of embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the activated carbon is crushed and sieved to 100 meshes, 2g of polyvinyl alcohol is weighed and dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to prepare 10wt.% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and the solution is heated in a water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for about 2 hours to obtain colorless transparent solution. After the solution is cooled to room temperature, 0.5g of sodium alginate, 0.25g of carbon powder and 5mL of distilled water are weighed into a beaker, the mixture is continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer to be colloidal, the reaction solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 20min to exhaust air, the reaction solution is taken out and poured into a mold, is kept stand and solidified at room temperature, is cooled and shaped for about 24h, and is then put into 1wt.% lanthanum chloride solution to be soaked for 24h to be colloidal.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a composite hydrogel sample with a carbon addition of 0.25g according to example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 1: the hydrogel sample prepared in example 1 was a black gel with a smooth surface and activated carbon was fully embedded in the hydrogel.
Example 2
This example is a method for preparing a biochar-embedded composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing reactive dyes, comprising the following steps:
the activated carbon is crushed and sieved to 100 meshes, 2g of polyvinyl alcohol is weighed and dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to prepare 10wt.% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and the solution is heated in a water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for about 2 hours to obtain colorless transparent solution. After the solution is cooled to room temperature, 0.4g of sodium alginate, 0.3g of carbon powder and 5mL of distilled water are weighed into a beaker, the mixture is continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer to be colloidal, the reaction solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 20min to exhaust air, the reaction solution is taken out and poured into a mold, is kept stand and solidified at the temperature of 20 ℃, is cooled and shaped for about 24h, and is then soaked in 1wt.% lanthanum chloride solution for 24h to be colloidal.
Example 3
The embodiment is a preparation method of embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the active carbon is crushed and sieved to 100 meshes, 2g of polyvinyl alcohol is weighed and dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to prepare a 10wt.% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and the solution is heated in a water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for about 2 hours to obtain a colorless transparent solution. After the solution is cooled to room temperature, 0.5g of sodium alginate, 0.1g of carbon powder and 5mL of distilled water are weighed into a beaker, the mixture is continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer to be colloidal, the reaction solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 20min to exhaust air, the reaction solution is taken out and poured into a mold, is kept stand and solidified at 30 ℃, is cooled and shaped for about 24h, and is then soaked in 1wt.% lanthanum chloride solution for 24h to be colloidal.
FIG. 2 shows a comparison of hydrogels of the present invention with different carbon loadings in example 3 and example 1, where fig. i is a plot of a sample of the present invention with a carbon loading of 0.1g in example 3, and fig. ii is a plot of a sample of the present invention with a carbon loading of 0.25g in example 1, where the hydrogel color is relatively lighter in fig. i and darker in fig. ii.
Example 4
The embodiment is a preparation method of embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the activated carbon is crushed and sieved to 100 meshes, 2g of polyvinyl alcohol is weighed and dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to prepare 10wt.% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and the solution is heated in a water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for about 2 hours to obtain colorless transparent solution. After the solution is cooled to room temperature, 0.2g of sodium alginate, 0.1g of carbon powder and 5mL of distilled water are weighed into a beaker, the mixture is continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer to be colloidal, the reaction solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 20min to exhaust air, the reaction solution is taken out and poured into a mold, is kept stand and solidified at room temperature, is cooled and shaped for about 24h, and is then put into 1wt.% lanthanum chloride solution to be soaked for 24h to be colloidal.
Example 5
The embodiment is a preparation method of embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the activated carbon powder is crushed and sieved to 80 meshes, 2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol is weighed and dissolved in 40mL of deionized water to prepare 6.25wt.% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and the solution is heated in a water bath kettle at 65 ℃ for about 4 hours to form colorless transparent solution. After the solution is cooled to room temperature, 1g of sodium alginate, 0.01g of carbon powder and 3mL of distilled water are weighed into a beaker, the mixture is continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer until the mixture is colloidal, then the reaction solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 10min to exhaust air, the reaction solution is taken out and poured into a mold, is kept stand and solidified at 40 ℃, is cooled and shaped for about 12h, and is then placed into 5wt.% lanthanum chloride solution to be soaked for 48h to be colloidal.
Example 6
The embodiment is a preparation method of embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the activated carbon powder is crushed and sieved to 120 meshes, 1.4g of polyvinyl alcohol is weighed and dissolved in 10mL of deionized water to prepare 14wt.% polyvinyl alcohol solution, and the solution is heated in a water bath kettle at 90 ℃ for about 1 hour until the solution is colorless and transparent. After the solution is cooled to room temperature, 0.5g of sodium alginate, 0.5g of carbon powder and 8mL of distilled water are weighed into a beaker, the mixture is continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer to be colloidal, then the reaction solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 40min to exhaust air, the reaction solution is taken out and poured into a mold, is kept stand and solidified at 50 ℃, is cooled and shaped for about 48h, and is then placed into 2wt.% lanthanum chloride solution to be soaked for 12h to be colloidal.
Application example 1
Adsorbing rhodamine B: 2.0g of the composite hydrogel prepared in the embodiment 1 is selected and placed in 100mL of rhodamine B solution with the initial concentration of 30mg/L, and the rhodamine B solution is adsorbed for 15min in a constant temperature oscillation box with the ambient temperature of 25 ℃ and the vibration speed of 220 r/min. By combining the standard curve and related instrumental analysis, the adsorption rate of the hydrogel prepared in example 1 on rhodamine B is 84.23%. In addition, the situation of active carbon leakage does not occur after the composite hydrogel is adsorbed.
Application example 2
Methylene blue adsorption: 2.0g of the composite hydrogel prepared in example 2 was selected and placed in 100mL of methylene blue solution with an initial concentration of 30mg/L and adsorbed in a constant temperature shaking chamber with a shaking speed of 220r/min at an ambient temperature of 25 ℃ for 15 min. The adsorption of methylene blue by the hydrogel prepared in example 2 was 88.93% based on the standard curve and related instrumental analysis. In addition, the situation of active carbon leakage does not occur after the composite hydrogel is adsorbed.
Application example 3
Congo red adsorption: 2.0g of the composite hydrogel prepared in example 3 was selected and placed in 100mL of Congo red solution with an initial concentration of 30mg/L and adsorbed in a constant temperature shaking chamber with a shaking speed of 220r/min at an ambient temperature of 25 ℃ for 15 min. The adsorption rate of Congo red by the hydrogel prepared in example 3 was 90.85% by combining the standard curve with the related instrumental analysis. In addition, the situation of active carbon leakage does not occur after the composite hydrogel is adsorbed.
Application example 4
Adsorbing malachite green: 2.0g of the composite hydrogel prepared in example 4 was selected and placed in 100mL of a malachite green solution with an initial concentration of 30mg/L and adsorbed in a constant temperature shaking chamber with a shaking speed of 220r/min at an ambient temperature of 25 ℃ for 15 min. The adsorption rate of malachite green by the hydrogel prepared in example 4 was 81.74% by combining the standard curve with the related instrumental analysis. In addition, the situation of active carbon leakage does not occur after the composite hydrogel is adsorbed.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the effect of the hydrogels prepared by the embodiments 1-4 of the present invention after absorbing different high molecular organic compounds in the reactive dye. FIG. iii corresponds to example 1, i.e., when the amount of carbon added is 0.25g, the resulting composite hydrogel exhibits a pale pink color after adsorbing rhodamine B; FIG. iv corresponds to example 2, i.e., when the amount of carbon added is 0.3g, the resulting composite hydrogel exhibits a lake blue color after adsorbing methylene blue; FIG. v corresponds to example 3, in which the gel was rose bengal after the composite hydrogel adsorbed congo red when the amount of carbon added was 0.1 g; FIG. vi corresponds to example 4, i.e., when the amount of added carbon is 0.1g, the colloid of the obtained composite hydrogel after adsorbing malachite green is blackish green.
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph showing the effect of the present invention after adsorbing different polymer organic substances in the active dye by using the composite hydrogel prepared according to the presence or absence of added carbon in examples 1-4, wherein the left is a sample with carbon added and the right is a sample without carbon added. In comparison with the graph showing whether the charcoal is added or not in example 1, the adsorption effect of the charcoal-added composite hydrogel is obviously better than that of the charcoal-added composite hydrogel under the condition of ensuring that the adding amount of the charcoal is a single variable, and the adsorption effect is different from that of the charcoal-added hydrogel, so that the double adsorption of the hydrogel and the embedded charcoal can be realized by aiming at rhodamine B and the charcoal-added hydrogel, and the charcoal-added hydrogel has darker pink color compared with the charcoal-added hydrogel; corresponding to the comparison chart of the carbon addition or not in the example 2, in the condition of ensuring that the carbon addition amount is a single variable, the adsorption effect of the carbon-added composite hydrogel is obviously superior to that of the carbon-added composite hydrogel, different from that of the carbon-added hydrogel, and double adsorption of the hydrogel and the embedded carbon can be realized aiming at the methylene blue carbon-added hydrogel, so that the carbon-added hydrogel has a deeper lake blue color compared with the carbon-added hydrogel; fig. ix corresponds to a comparison chart of whether carbon is added or not in example 3, under the condition that the carbon addition amount is guaranteed to be a single variable, the adsorption effect of the carbon-added composite hydrogel is obviously better than that of the carbon-free composite hydrogel, and the comparison chart is different from that of the carbon-free hydrogel, and aiming at congo red carbon-added hydrogel, double adsorption of hydrogel and embedded carbon can be realized, so that the carbon-added hydrogel has a deeper rose red color compared with the carbon-free hydrogel; the figure x is corresponding to a comparison figure of whether the carbon is added or not in example 4, under the condition of ensuring that the adding amount of the carbon is a single variable, the adsorption effect of the carbon-added composite hydrogel is obviously better than that of the carbon-free composite hydrogel, and is different from that of the carbon-free hydrogel, and the double adsorption of the hydrogel and the embedded carbon can be realized aiming at the malachite green carbon-added hydrogel, so that the carbon-added hydrogel has a darker blackish green color compared with the carbon-free hydrogel.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing and sieving the activated carbon to obtain activated carbon powder particles;
(2) dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, heating in a water bath, continuously stirring to obtain a colorless transparent solution, cooling to room temperature, adding sodium alginate, continuously stirring, slowly adding the activated carbon powder particles obtained in the step (1), continuously stirring until the solution becomes a uniform emulsion, adding deionized water, and continuously stirring until a colloidal solution is formed;
(3) ultrasonically exhausting the colloidal solution obtained in the step (2), taking out and pouring the colloidal solution into a glass mold, standing for solidification, and cooling for shaping to obtain a jelly;
(4) and (4) placing the jelly obtained in the step (3) into a lanthanum chloride solution, and soaking at constant temperature to form the jelly, so as to obtain the embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing the active dye.
2. The preparation method of the charcoal-embedded composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dyes according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), every 10-40mL of deionized water contains 1.4-2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol.
3. The preparation method of the charcoal-embedded composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dyes according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the temperature of water bath heating in the step (2) is 65-90 ℃, and the time of water bath heating is 1-4 h.
4. The preparation method of the charcoal-embedded composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dyes according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), 0.2-1g of sodium alginate is added to every 1.4-2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol.
5. The method for preparing the charcoal-embedded composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing the active dye according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), 0.01-0.5g of activated carbon powder particles and 3-8mL of deionized water are added to every 1.4-2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol.
6. The preparation method of the charcoal-embedded composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dyes according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the ultrasonic air exhausting time in the step (3) is 10-40min, the standing curing temperature is 20-50 ℃, and the standing curing time is 12-48 h.
7. The preparation method of the charcoal-embedded composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dyes according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the addition amount of lanthanum chloride in the lanthanum chloride solution in the step (4) is 1-5 wt.%, and the soaking time is 12-48 h.
8. The embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dyes prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The use of the embedded biochar composite hydrogel capable of adsorbing active dye according to claim 8 as a polymeric organic adsorbent in printing and dyeing wastewater active dye.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: the macromolecular organic matter in the printing and dyeing wastewater reactive dye is at least one of Congo red, methylene blue, malachite green or rhodamine.
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