CN115070419A - Rivet lock screw closing device - Google Patents
Rivet lock screw closing device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115070419A CN115070419A CN202210668614.1A CN202210668614A CN115070419A CN 115070419 A CN115070419 A CN 115070419A CN 202210668614 A CN202210668614 A CN 202210668614A CN 115070419 A CN115070419 A CN 115070419A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- rivet
- support
- feeding
- install
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/16—Drives for riveting machines; Transmission means therefor
- B21J15/18—Drives for riveting machines; Transmission means therefor operated by air pressure or other gas pressure, e.g. explosion pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/30—Particular elements, e.g. supports; Suspension equipment specially adapted for portable riveters
- B21J15/32—Devices for inserting or holding rivets in position with or without feeding arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/001—Article feeders for assembling machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
- B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rivet lock screw closing device which comprises a base, wherein a feeding supporting mechanism is arranged in the middle of the top end of the base, and rivet head feeding mechanism boxes and rivet striking mechanisms are respectively arranged on two sides of the feeding supporting mechanism of the base; the base is located pay-off supporting mechanism rear portion and installs screw pay-off locking mechanism, the base is located pay-off supporting mechanism forward mounted and has rivet feeding agencies and blanking mechanism, the base is located blanking mechanism department and installs receiving mechanism. According to the invention, a rivet head is placed on a feeding support mechanism through a rivet head feeding mechanism, and then the screw is conveyed and locked through a screw feeding and locking mechanism in the next step; after locking, performing riveting operation through a riveting mechanism, finally taking out the finished product through a rivet taking mechanism, and blanking through a blanking mechanism; the simultaneous operation of riveting and locking the screw is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rivet lock screw closing-in, in particular to a rivet lock screw closing-in device.
Background
The rivet is that a pin fin is great, the thinner part of nail pole, and many packing designs are connected by the rivet at present, and many mills all use the riveter to carry out the operation, but the riveter needs artifical handheld operation, and the riveter is generally comparatively heavy in the market, and workman fatigue strength is big, needs the rest, can not continuous operation, influences efficiency, and current rivet of beating and lock the screw is divided, its inefficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rivet lock screw closing device to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a rivet lock screw closing device comprises a base, wherein a feeding support mechanism is arranged in the middle of the top end of the base, and rivet head feeding mechanism boxes and rivet striking mechanisms are respectively arranged on two sides of the feeding support mechanism of the base; the base is located pay-off supporting mechanism rear portion and installs screw pay-off locking mechanism, the base is located pay-off supporting mechanism forward mounted and has rivet feeding agencies and blanking mechanism, the base is located blanking mechanism department and installs receiving mechanism.
Preferably, pay-off supporting mechanism includes fixing base and actuating mechanism, a plurality of fixed jigs are installed to the fixing base top, actuating mechanism is last to drive has the rotation arm, install first finger cylinder on the rotation arm, install the clamping jaw on the first finger cylinder.
Preferably, the number of the fixed jigs is four, and the four fixed jigs are arranged in an annular shape at equal intervals.
Preferably, rivet head feeding mechanism is including vibration feeding mechanism and first support, install first cylinder on the rivet head feeding mechanism, install first straight line cylinder on the first support, the drive has the second cylinder on the first straight line cylinder, the drive has second finger cylinder on the second cylinder, the drive has first clamping jaw on the second finger cylinder.
Preferably, screw pay-off locking mechanism includes the second support, install sharp cylinder and response mechanism on the second support, the drive has the sliding seat on the sharp cylinder, the guide rail is installed to the sliding seat, and slidable mounting has the electricity to criticize on the guide rail, install the first telescopic cylinder that is used for the drive electricity to criticize on the sliding seat, install the screw chuck on the sliding seat, install response mechanism on the sliding seat, install on the sliding seat and be used for criticizing the spacing oil buffer of buffering to the electricity.
Preferably, the riveting mechanism comprises a third support, a punching mechanism is installed on the third support, a third air cylinder is installed below the punching mechanism on the third support, and a supporting tube matched with the punching mechanism is driven on the third air cylinder.
Preferably, the rivet reclaiming mechanism comprises a fourth support, a second linear cylinder is mounted on the fourth support, a fourth cylinder is driven on the second linear cylinder, a third finger cylinder is driven on the fourth cylinder, and a second clamping jaw is driven on the third finger cylinder.
Preferably, the blanking mechanism comprises a fifth support, an inclined sliding groove is mounted on the fifth support, a rotating plate is rotatably mounted in the middle of the sliding groove, a second telescopic cylinder is rotatably mounted on the fifth support, and a driving end of the second telescopic cylinder is rotatably connected with the middle of the rotating plate; the material receiving mechanism comprises a first material receiving box and a second material receiving box, the first material receiving box is located below the rotating plate, and the second material receiving box is located below the bottom end of the sliding groove.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the rivet head is placed on the feeding support mechanism through the rivet head feeding mechanism, and then the screw is conveyed and locked through the screw feeding and locking mechanism in the next step; after locking, performing riveting operation through a riveting mechanism, finally taking out the finished product through a rivet taking mechanism, and blanking through a blanking mechanism; the simultaneous operation of riveting and locking the screw is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the feeding support mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a rivet head feeding mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the screw feeding and locking mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the riveting mechanism of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the rivet picking mechanism and blanking mechanism of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. a feeding support mechanism; 3. a rivet head feeding mechanism; 4. a screw feeding and locking mechanism; 5. a riveting mechanism; 6. a rivet taking mechanism; 7. a blanking mechanism; 8. a first material receiving box; 9. a second material receiving box; 21. fixing the jig; 22. a fixed seat; 23. a rotating arm; 24. a first finger cylinder; 25. a drive mechanism; 31. a vibration feeding mechanism; 32. a first cylinder; 33. a first bracket; 34. a first linear cylinder; 35. a second cylinder; 36. a second finger cylinder; 37. a first jaw; 41. a second bracket; 42. a hydraulic shock absorber; 43. a first telescopic cylinder; 44. electric screwdriver; 45. a screw chuck; 46. an induction mechanism; 51. a third support; 52. a stamping mechanism; 53. a third cylinder; 54. supporting a tube; 61. a fourth bracket; 62. a second linear cylinder; 63. a fourth cylinder; 64. a third finger cylinder; 65. a second jaw; 71. a fifth support; 72. a second telescopic cylinder; 73. a sliding groove; 74. the plate is rotated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, in an embodiment of the present invention, a rivet lock screw closing device includes a base 1, a feeding support mechanism 2 is installed in the middle of the top end of the base 1, and a rivet head feeding mechanism 3 and a rivet striking mechanism 5 are respectively installed on two sides of the feeding support mechanism 2 of the base 1; a screw feeding locking mechanism 4 is arranged at the rear part of the feeding supporting mechanism 2 of the base 1, a rivet taking mechanism 6 and a blanking mechanism 7 are arranged at the front part of the feeding supporting mechanism 2 of the base 1, and a material receiving mechanism is arranged at the blanking mechanism 7 of the base 1; the feeding support mechanism 2 comprises a fixed seat 22 and a driving mechanism 25, a plurality of fixed jigs 21 are mounted at the top end of the fixed seat 22, a rotating arm 23 is driven on the driving mechanism 25, a first finger cylinder 24 is mounted on the rotating arm 23, and a clamping jaw is mounted on the first finger cylinder 24; the number of the fixed jigs 21 is four, and the four fixed jigs 21 are arranged in an annular shape at equal intervals; the rivet head feeding mechanism 3 comprises a vibration feeding mechanism 31 and a first support 33, a first air cylinder 32 is mounted on the rivet head feeding mechanism 3, a first linear air cylinder 34 is mounted on the first support 33, a second air cylinder 35 is driven on the first linear air cylinder 34, a second finger air cylinder 36 is driven on the second air cylinder 35, and a first clamping jaw 37 is driven on the second finger air cylinder 36; the screw feeding and locking mechanism 4 comprises a second support 41, a linear cylinder and an induction mechanism 46 are mounted on the second support 41, a sliding seat is driven on the linear cylinder, a guide rail is mounted on the sliding seat, an electric screwdriver 44 is slidably mounted on the guide rail, a screw chuck 45 is mounted on the sliding seat, a first telescopic cylinder 43 for driving the electric screwdriver 44 is mounted on the sliding seat, the induction mechanism 46 is mounted on the sliding seat, and an oil buffer 42 for buffering and limiting the electric screwdriver 44 is mounted on the sliding seat; the riveting mechanism 5 comprises a third bracket 51, a stamping mechanism 52 is mounted on the third bracket 51, a third air cylinder 53 is mounted on the third bracket 51 below the stamping mechanism 52, and a support pipe 54 matched with the stamping mechanism 52 is driven on the third air cylinder 53; the rivet taking mechanism 6 comprises a fourth support 61, a second linear air cylinder 62 is mounted on the fourth support 61, a fourth air cylinder 63 is driven on the second linear air cylinder 62, a third finger air cylinder 64 is driven on the fourth air cylinder 63, and a second clamping jaw 65 is driven on the third finger air cylinder 64; the blanking mechanism 7 comprises a fifth support 71, an inclined sliding groove 73 is mounted on the fifth support 71, a rotating plate 74 is rotatably mounted in the middle of the sliding groove 73, a second telescopic cylinder 72 is rotatably mounted on the fifth support 71, and the driving end of the second telescopic cylinder 72 is rotatably connected with the middle of the rotating plate 74; the material receiving mechanism comprises a first material receiving box 8 and a second material receiving box 9, the first material receiving box 8 is positioned below the rotating plate 74, and the second material receiving box 9 is positioned below the bottom end of the sliding groove 73; the rivet head is placed on the feeding support mechanism through the rivet head feeding mechanism 3, and then the screw is conveyed and locked through the screw feeding and locking mechanism 4 in the next step; after locking, the rivet striking mechanism 5 performs rivet striking operation, and finally the rivet taking mechanism 6 takes out the finished product and the blanking mechanism 7 performs blanking.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the rivet head is placed on the feeding support mechanism through the rivet head feeding mechanism 3, and then the screw is conveyed and locked through the screw feeding and locking mechanism 4 in the next step; after locking, the rivet striking mechanism 5 performs rivet striking operation, and finally the rivet taking mechanism 6 takes out the finished product and the blanking mechanism 7 performs blanking.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a rivet lock screw binding off device, includes base (1), its characterized in that: the middle part of the top end of the base (1) is provided with a feeding support mechanism (2), and the two sides of the base (1) positioned on the feeding support mechanism (2) are respectively provided with a rivet head feeding mechanism (3) and a box riveting mechanism (5); base (1) are located pay-off supporting mechanism (2) rear portion and install screw pay-off locking mechanism (4), base (1) are located pay-off supporting mechanism (2) forward mounting and have rivet feeding agencies (6) and blanking mechanism (7), base (1) are located blanking mechanism (7) and locate to install receiving mechanism.
2. A rivet lock screw closing device according to claim 1, wherein: pay-off supporting mechanism (2) include fixing base (22) and actuating mechanism (25), a plurality of fixed tool (21) are installed on fixing base (22) top, actuating mechanism (25) are gone up the drive and are had swivel arm (23), install first finger cylinder (24) on swivel arm (23), install the clamping jaw on first finger cylinder (24).
3. A rivet lock screw closing device according to claim 2, wherein: the number of the fixed jigs (21) is four, and the four fixed jigs (21) are arranged in an annular shape at equal intervals.
4. A rivet lock screw closing device according to claim 1, wherein: rivet head feeding mechanism (3) are including vibration feeding mechanism (31) and first support (33), install first cylinder (32) on rivet head feeding mechanism (3), install first linear cylinder (34) on first support (33), the drive has second cylinder (35) on first linear cylinder (34), the drive has second finger cylinder (36) on second cylinder (35), the drive has first clamping jaw (37) on second finger cylinder (36).
5. A rivet lock screw closing device according to claim 1, wherein: screw pay-off locking mechanism (4) include second support (41), install sharp cylinder and response mechanism (46) on second support (41), the drive has the sliding seat on the sharp cylinder, the guide rail is installed to the sliding seat, and slidable mounting has electricity to criticize (44) on the guide rail, install screw chuck (45) on the sliding seat, install first telescopic cylinder (43) that are used for driving electricity to criticize (44) on the sliding seat, install response mechanism (46) on the sliding seat, install on the sliding seat and be used for buffering spacing hydraulic buffer (42) to electricity criticizing (44).
6. A rivet lock screw closing device according to claim 1, wherein: the rivet punching mechanism (5) comprises a third support (51), a punching mechanism (52) is installed on the third support (51), a third air cylinder (53) is installed below the punching mechanism (52) on the third support (51), and a supporting pipe (54) matched with the punching mechanism (52) is driven on the third air cylinder (53).
7. A rivet lock screw closing device according to claim 1, wherein: rivet feeding agencies (6) includes fourth support (61), install second straight line cylinder (62) on fourth support (61), the drive has fourth cylinder (63) on second straight line cylinder (62), fourth cylinder (63) drive has third finger cylinder (64), the drive has second clamping jaw (65) on third finger cylinder (64).
8. A rivet lock screw closing device according to claim 1, wherein: the blanking mechanism (7) comprises a fifth support (71), an inclined sliding groove (73) is mounted on the fifth support (71), a rotating plate (74) is rotatably mounted in the middle of the sliding groove (73), a second telescopic cylinder (72) is rotatably mounted on the fifth support (71), and the driving end of the second telescopic cylinder (72) is rotatably connected with the middle of the rotating plate (74); the material receiving mechanism comprises a first material receiving box (8) and a second material receiving box (9), the first material receiving box (8) is located below the rotating plate (74), and the second material receiving box (9) is located below the bottom end of the sliding groove (73).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210668614.1A CN115070419A (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Rivet lock screw closing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210668614.1A CN115070419A (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Rivet lock screw closing device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115070419A true CN115070419A (en) | 2022-09-20 |
Family
ID=83251962
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210668614.1A Pending CN115070419A (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Rivet lock screw closing device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115070419A (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006224167A (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-31 | Opt Engineering Co Ltd | Device for mounting rivets on rivet retaining band |
| CN206010373U (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-03-15 | 东莞富野自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of multi-functional mobile phone nut installs equipment |
| CN208451012U (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-02-01 | 祥鑫科技股份有限公司 | A kind of automatic rivet assembling equipment |
| CN110142370A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-08-20 | 重庆合心智能科技有限公司 | Automatic marking label and riveter follow closely equipment |
| CN210476132U (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2020-05-08 | 珠海市美宸电子科技有限公司 | Table-board rotating disc type automatic screw locking machine |
| CN210996634U (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-07-14 | 泗洪智工精密机械有限公司 | Multi-station drilling machine platform for diesel engine parts |
| CN111702120A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-09-25 | 苏州市冯氏智能科技有限公司 | Four-station full-automatic riveting system |
| CN112318085A (en) * | 2020-11-21 | 2021-02-05 | 深圳中科精工科技有限公司 | Semiconductor double-optical-filter switcher assembling equipment based on AA (advanced) manufacturing process |
| CN216680998U (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-06-07 | 苏州炳荣精密五金制品有限公司 | KB board high-efficient riveting equipment |
-
2022
- 2022-06-14 CN CN202210668614.1A patent/CN115070419A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006224167A (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-31 | Opt Engineering Co Ltd | Device for mounting rivets on rivet retaining band |
| CN206010373U (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-03-15 | 东莞富野自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of multi-functional mobile phone nut installs equipment |
| CN208451012U (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-02-01 | 祥鑫科技股份有限公司 | A kind of automatic rivet assembling equipment |
| CN110142370A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-08-20 | 重庆合心智能科技有限公司 | Automatic marking label and riveter follow closely equipment |
| CN210476132U (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2020-05-08 | 珠海市美宸电子科技有限公司 | Table-board rotating disc type automatic screw locking machine |
| CN210996634U (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-07-14 | 泗洪智工精密机械有限公司 | Multi-station drilling machine platform for diesel engine parts |
| CN111702120A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-09-25 | 苏州市冯氏智能科技有限公司 | Four-station full-automatic riveting system |
| CN112318085A (en) * | 2020-11-21 | 2021-02-05 | 深圳中科精工科技有限公司 | Semiconductor double-optical-filter switcher assembling equipment based on AA (advanced) manufacturing process |
| CN216680998U (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-06-07 | 苏州炳荣精密五金制品有限公司 | KB board high-efficient riveting equipment |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN210498536U (en) | Efficient environment-friendly hydraulic plate shearing machine | |
| CN115070419A (en) | Rivet lock screw closing device | |
| CN212760918U (en) | Layer board device for heading machine | |
| CN201900598U (en) | Pipe tongs with jack | |
| CN209424761U (en) | A kind of tubing feed device of pipe cutting machine | |
| CN210435238U (en) | Material receiving device of plate shearing machine | |
| CN210588105U (en) | Composite processing machine tool for shearing, bending and punching sheet metal parts | |
| CN208696727U (en) | A kind of automatic upper nail device for screwing up | |
| CN207222788U (en) | Charging ＆ discharging device for aluminium sheet riveting processing | |
| CN217552216U (en) | A frock clamp for fin formula evaporimeter is transplanted | |
| CN213728748U (en) | Hydraulic punching machine | |
| CN216563385U (en) | Quick-change battery pack | |
| CN218658599U (en) | Auxiliary tool for die steel clamp | |
| CN110948002A (en) | Quick punching equipment of curved link | |
| CN220880208U (en) | Cable support unloads a mouthful stamping die | |
| CN211413266U (en) | Bending clamp | |
| CN215918980U (en) | Forging press convenient to automatic feed | |
| CN213002082U (en) | Die stamping machine | |
| CN219004230U (en) | Press machine | |
| CN216398139U (en) | Fixed frock of drilling equipment for hardware and tools | |
| CN219503535U (en) | Punching fixture tool | |
| CN213054846U (en) | Buffer device of riveting robot | |
| CN221416650U (en) | One-way clamping jaw | |
| CN218517520U (en) | Energy-saving press is used in door and window production | |
| CN213997679U (en) | Robot nail planting machine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |