CN115064864A - Full-polarization antenna unit and antenna array - Google Patents
Full-polarization antenna unit and antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN115064864A CN115064864A CN202210990943.8A CN202210990943A CN115064864A CN 115064864 A CN115064864 A CN 115064864A CN 202210990943 A CN202210990943 A CN 202210990943A CN 115064864 A CN115064864 A CN 115064864A
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011478 gradient descent method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a full polarization antenna unit and an antenna array, wherein the full polarization antenna unit comprises: the two dielectric plates are vertically crossed, a group of dipole antennas are arranged in each dielectric plate, and the dipole antennas are connected with the output end of the differential feed network; a metal coupling block is arranged on the surface of the dielectric plate and electrically coupled with the dipole antenna; the metal coupling block is connected with the reflecting plate, the reflecting plate is arranged in the middle of the dielectric plate and perpendicular to the dielectric plate, and the reflecting plate is connected with the ground of the differential feed network. This patent provides a design scheme that high isolation full polarization antenna unit that small-size tight coupling can carry out wide-angle scanning, under the condition of guaranteeing antenna performance, reduces the complexity and the processing cost of antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio communication, and particularly relates to a full-polarization antenna unit and an antenna array.
Background
With the development of communication systems, the requirements for antennas are becoming more and more stringent, and the development of antenna technology is becoming more and more abundant. The phased array antenna is an important element in an antenna family, and application scenes of the phased array antenna are quite rich; scanning is the most important function of a phased array antenna. Conventional mechanical scanning provides a solution that cannot meet the current application scenarios due to the slow scanning speed, and the phased array antenna adopting electric scanning becomes the most reliable beam scanning solution at present. The large-angle scanning technology and the high-isolation full-polarization technology are research hotspots, and the phased array antenna which simultaneously realizes the large-angle scanning and the high-isolation full-polarization is complex in structure and high in processing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the patent provides a design scheme of a high-isolation full-polarization antenna unit which is small in size and tightly coupled and can perform large-angle scanning, and the complexity and the processing cost of an antenna are reduced under the condition of ensuring the performance of the antenna.
The invention proposes a fully polarized antenna unit comprising: the feed-forward circuit comprises two dielectric plates which are vertically crossed, wherein a group of dipole antennas are arranged in each dielectric plate and connected with the output end of a differential feed network; a metal coupling block is arranged on the surface of the dielectric plate and electrically coupled with the dipole antenna; the metal coupling block is connected with the reflecting plate, the reflecting plate is arranged in the middle of the dielectric plate and perpendicular to the dielectric plate, and the reflecting plate is connected with the ground of the differential feed network.
Further, the dipole antenna is arranged on one side of the reflecting plate, and the differential feed network is arranged on the other side of the reflecting plate.
Furthermore, the dipole antenna comprises a pair of antenna arms arranged in a mirror image mode, the antenna arms are connected with the output end of the differential feed network through connecting wires, and one antenna arm is connected with a connecting block embedded in the dielectric plate in a coupling mode.
Further, the width of the metal coupling block coupling part is the same as that of the antenna arm.
Furthermore, the edge of the connecting block is flush with the edge of the dielectric slab.
Further, the width of the connecting line is one fifth of the width of the antenna arm.
Further, the length of the connecting line is the same as the length of the antenna arm.
Further, the differential feed network includes a first feed port and a second feed port, and the first feed port and the second feed port are respectively connected to one input of the differential feed network.
Furthermore, a plurality of through holes are formed in the dielectric plate, and the feed columns penetrate through the through holes to connect the differential feed plates on two sides of the dielectric plate.
Based on above-mentioned antenna element, this application still provides a full polarization antenna array, including a plurality of above-mentioned full polarization antenna element, and a plurality of full polarization antenna element are array distribution, two adjacent full polarization antenna element interconnect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
the application provides a full polarization antenna unit is the full polarization antenna unit of the big angle scanning of small-size tight coupling, can realize wide-angle scanning and high isolation full polarization simultaneously, and the antenna array utilizes the tight coupling technique and the coupling block of drawing forth from ground to carry out miniaturized design, wide-angle scanning and stable full polarization state, and tight coupling form unit reduces 60% than traditional unit area, and highly close can reduce unit cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a fully polarized antenna unit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the differential feed network of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the grounded metal coupling block and the reflector portion of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dipole antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a dielectric plate of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the active standing wave of a fully polarized antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of the isolation of the input feed port of a fully polarized antenna element of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an E-plane scanning active standing wave of the first feed port of a fully polarized antenna element of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an E-plane scanning active standing wave of the second feed port of the fully polarized antenna element of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an H-plane scanning active standing wave of the first feed port of a fully polarized antenna element of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an H-plane scanning active standing wave of the second feed port of the fully polarized antenna element of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a linearly polarized and circularly polarized active standing wave for a 45 ° plane E scan of a fully polarized antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of linearly polarized and circularly polarized active standing waves for a 45 ° H-plane scan of a fully polarized antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of an array pattern of a fully polarized antenna element of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-a dielectric plate, 2-a dipole antenna, 3-a differential feed network, 4-a metal coupling block and 5-a reflecting plate;
11-a through hole;
21-antenna arm, 22-connecting wire, 23-connecting block;
31-differential feed plate, 32-feed port, 33-feed column.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
example 1
The invention proposes a fully polarized antenna unit comprising: the feed circuit comprises two dielectric plates 1 which are vertically crossed, wherein a group of dipole antennas are arranged in each dielectric plate 1 and connected with the output end of a differential feed network 3; a metal coupling block 4 is arranged on the surface of the dielectric plate 1, and the metal coupling block 4 is electrically coupled with the dipole antenna; the metal coupling block 4 is connected with a reflecting plate 5, the reflecting plate 5 is arranged in the middle of the dielectric plate 1 and is perpendicular to the dielectric plate 1, and the reflecting plate 5 is connected with the ground of the differential feed network 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the antenna unit is composed of six parts: the antenna comprises a Rogers RT 6002 dielectric plate 1, feed ports (the feed ports comprise 2), a strip line differential feed network 3, a metal reflecting plate 5, a grounded metal coupling block 4 and a tightly coupled dipole antenna 2.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a differential feeding network 3 is disposed on one side of the reflection plate 5, and the differential feeding network 3 is provided with two feeding ports 32, which are respectively a first feeding port and a second feeding port, and the first feeding port and the second feeding port are respectively connected to one input of the differential feeding network 3. As shown in fig. 3, the reflection plate 5 is connected to the ground of the differential feed network 3, the close-coupled dipole antenna 2 is connected to the output of the differential feed network 3, the grounded metal coupling block 4 is connected to the reflection plate 5, the close-coupled dipole antenna 2 is not directly connected to the grounded metal coupling block 4, and is respectively located in different layers of the dielectric plate 1, the antenna is located in the middle of the dielectric plate 1, the grounded metal coupling block 4 is located outside the dielectric plate 1, and the grounded metal coupling block 4 is electrically coupled to the close-coupled dipole antenna 2 during feeding.
The differential feed network 3 provides differential feed of the tightly coupled antenna, so that the two arms of the dipole antenna 2 feed with equal amplitude and phase difference of 180 degrees. The differential feed network 3 comprises external differential feed plates 31 and feed columns 33 connected between the differential feed plates 31, and the differential feed network 3 can inhibit cross polarization of the antenna and improve the isolation between the first feed port and the second feed port, thereby providing stability of active standing waves of all polarization states of the fully polarized antenna. The close coupling type dipole antenna 2 can realize the miniaturization of the antenna unit and increase the scanning angle of the antenna. The coupling of the grounded metal coupling block 4 to the dipole antenna 2 can improve the isolation of the port and reduce the standing wave of the antenna.
When designing, firstly, designing a differential feed network 3: the width of the stripline is calculated using CST software or txline software: the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 1, the thickness of the dielectric plate 1 and the characteristic impedance of the object are set in software. The widths of the microstrip lines corresponding to the characteristic impedances of 50 ohm and 100 ohm need to be calculated. And calculating the length of the strip line corresponding to the 180-degree phase by software and recording the length as L. The T-shaped power divider is used for equally dividing the input energy into two paths, so that the length difference L of the two signal lines is ensured, and the output positions of the two paths are symmetrical relative to the axial direction of the antenna. The routing is not unique but is guaranteed to be implemented in the limited space of the dielectric board 1.
After the design of the differential feed network 3 is completed, the tightly coupled dipole antenna 2 unit is designed.
As shown in fig. 4, on the other side of the reflection plate 5 is a dipole antenna, which includes a pair of antenna arms 21 arranged in a mirror image, the antenna arms 21 are connected to the output end of the differential feed network 3 through a connection line 22, and one of the antenna arms 21 is coupled to a connection block 23 embedded in the dielectric plate 1. The height of the antenna and the length of the antenna may be set to half a wavelength of the center frequency and the width may be set to three times the width of the output stripline. Finally, a grounded metal coupling block 4 is arranged, which consists of two parts: a part is a thin metal wire connecting the reflection plate 5, and a part is a metal block structure coupled with the dipole antenna 2. The length of the thin metal wire is consistent with the length of the dipole antenna 2, the width of the thin metal wire is set to be one fifth of the width of the dipole antenna 2, the width of the metal coupling block 4 is consistent with the width of the dipole antenna 2, and the length of the thin metal wire is set to be one fourth of the length of the dipole antenna 2. In this embodiment, the width of the coupling portion between the metal coupling block 4 and the dipole antenna is the same as the width of the antenna arm 21; the edge of the connecting block 23 is flush with the edge of the medium plate 1.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic structural diagram of the dielectric plate 1 provided in this embodiment, a plurality of through holes 11 are formed in the dielectric plate 1, and the feeding post 33 passes through the through holes 11 to connect the differential feeding plates 31 on two sides of the dielectric plate 1.
In order to optimize the isolation of the central frequency point of the antenna to be less than-50 dB, and the standing wave of the antenna is less than 1.7 in the working frequency band. The order of parameter optimization is the height, length, width of the dipole antenna 2, and the length of the metallic coupling block 4 and the width of the thinner metal wire. The length and the height of the antenna are manually optimized by using a larger step length, and the active standing wave and the isolation of the antenna are observed by increasing or reducing parameters, wherein the optimized step length should be larger than the processing precision. And then, optimizing the width of the dipole antenna 2 and the parameters of the metal coupling block 4 by using a parameter optimization algorithm carried by electromagnetic simulation software, setting an optimization target to be that the active standing wave is less than 2, the port isolation is less than-40 dB, and setting the optimization algorithm to be a Newton gradient descent method. After the optimization of the machine is finished, the parameter values of the antenna are adjusted to values meeting the processing precision, and the active standing wave and the port isolation of the antenna can be obtained after the parameters are manually adjusted according to the parameter optimization sequence with smaller precision, as shown in fig. 6 and 7. The x-axis of fig. 6 represents the frequency unit in GHz and the y-axis represents the active standing wave of the antenna; the x-axis of fig. 7 represents frequency and the y-axis represents isolation of the ports in dB.
The phase difference at the boundary of the infinite periods is set to determine the scanning performance of the antenna. The scans were performed in steps of 25 deg. on the E-plane and H-plane, with angles from 0 deg. to 50 deg.. The E-plane scanning active standing wave is shown in fig. 8 and 9, where fig. 8 is the active standing wave at the first feeding port, and fig. 9 is the active standing wave at the second feeding port. The H-plane active standing wave is shown in fig. 10 and 11, where fig. 10 is an active standing wave at the first power supply port, and fig. 11 is an active standing wave at the second power supply port. The cell can scan to 50 deg. in the E-plane and H-plane with an active standing wave less than 3. Where the x-axis represents frequency in GHz and the y-axis represents the active standing wave.
In order to verify the working states of the antennas under different polarizations, the phase difference of the two ports is set to be 0 degrees respectively, the 90-degree corresponding antenna working modes are linear polarization and circular polarization, and the scanning angles are set to be 45 degrees on an E surface and 45 degrees on an H surface. The active standing wave of the antenna is shown in fig. 12 and 13, where the x-axis represents the frequency in GHz and the y-axis represents the active standing wave. It can be seen that the antenna active standing wave remains stable in the different scanning states.
Example 2
Based on above-mentioned antenna unit, this application still provides a full polarization antenna array, including a plurality of above-mentioned full polarization antenna unit, and a plurality of full polarization antenna unit are array distribution, and two adjacent full polarization antenna unit carry out the built-up connection through connecting block 23.
According to design requirements, the antenna elements are combined in an array mode, the size of the antenna elements in the array model of which the elements are combined into 6 × 6 in fig. 14 is 40% of that of the traditional dipole elements by a close coupling technology, the scanning performance of the array can be improved by arranging more array elements under the condition of the same design area, and the antenna elements can be combined into a 3 × 3 array model according to conditions.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fully polarized antenna element, comprising: the two dielectric plates are vertically crossed, a group of dipole antennas are arranged in each dielectric plate, and the dipole antennas are connected with the output end of the differential feed network; a metal coupling block is arranged on the surface of the dielectric plate and electrically coupled with the dipole antenna; the metal coupling block is connected with the reflecting plate, the reflecting plate is arranged in the middle of the dielectric plate and perpendicular to the dielectric plate, and the reflecting plate is connected with the ground of the differential feed network.
2. The fully polarized antenna unit of claim 1, wherein: the dipole antenna is arranged on one side of the reflecting plate, and the differential feed network is arranged on the other side of the reflecting plate.
3. The fully polarized antenna unit of claim 1, wherein: the dipole antenna comprises a pair of antenna arms arranged in a mirror image mode, the antenna arms are connected with the output end of the differential feed network through connecting wires, and one antenna arm is connected with a connecting block embedded in the dielectric plate in a coupling mode.
4. The fully polarized antenna unit of claim 3, wherein: the width of the metal coupling block coupling part is the same as that of the antenna arm.
5. The fully polarized antenna unit of claim 3, wherein: the edge of the connecting block is flush with the edge of the medium plate.
6. The fully polarized antenna unit of claim 3, wherein: the width of the connecting wire is one fifth of that of the antenna arm.
7. The fully polarized antenna unit of claim 6, wherein: the length of the connecting line is the same as the length of the antenna arm.
8. The fully polarized antenna unit of claim 1, wherein: the differential feed network comprises a first feed port and a second feed port, and the first feed port and the second feed port are respectively connected with one input of the differential feed network.
9. The fully polarized antenna unit of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric plate is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the feed columns penetrate through the through holes to connect the differential feed plates on two sides of the dielectric plate.
10. A fully polarized antenna array, comprising: comprising a plurality of fully polarized antenna elements according to any of claims 1-9, wherein the plurality of fully polarized antenna elements are arranged in an array, and two adjacent fully polarized antenna elements are connected to each other.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210990943.8A CN115064864A (en) | 2022-08-18 | 2022-08-18 | Full-polarization antenna unit and antenna array |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210990943.8A CN115064864A (en) | 2022-08-18 | 2022-08-18 | Full-polarization antenna unit and antenna array |
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| CN115064864A true CN115064864A (en) | 2022-09-16 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115296047A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Tightly-coupled circularly-polarized common-caliber antenna |
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| US10320088B1 (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-06-11 | The Florida International University Board Of Trustees | Balanced wideband impedance transformer |
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2022
- 2022-08-18 CN CN202210990943.8A patent/CN115064864A/en active Pending
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| EP3503291A1 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-26 | Advanced Automotive Antennas, S.L. | Antenna system and side mirror for a vehicle incorporating said antenna system |
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| CN115296047A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Tightly-coupled circularly-polarized common-caliber antenna |
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