CN115064805A - Method for recycling and regenerating anode material of waste ternary lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Method for recycling and regenerating anode material of waste ternary lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115064805A
CN115064805A CN202210912088.9A CN202210912088A CN115064805A CN 115064805 A CN115064805 A CN 115064805A CN 202210912088 A CN202210912088 A CN 202210912088A CN 115064805 A CN115064805 A CN 115064805A
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lithium ion
ternary lithium
acid
ion battery
recycling
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郝玉佳
张明道
靳亚超
宋力
邱慧
方昊
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Nantong Research Institute Of Nanjing University Of Information Engineering
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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Nantong Research Institute Of Nanjing University Of Information Engineering
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for recycling and regenerating a waste ternary lithium ion battery positive electrode material in the technical field of lithium ion battery recycling. The method can effectively recover and regenerate the activity of the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery with a damaged internal structure by the acid leaching, coprecipitation and regeneration method, and can be widely applied to the recovery and regeneration of various waste ternary lithium ion batteries; the acid leaching is different from the traditional acid leaching technology, more environment-friendly and naturally degradable organic acid is adopted, and the reducing agent adopts organic acid with reducibility to replace most hydrogen peroxide solution used in the technology.

Description

Method for recycling and regenerating anode material of waste ternary lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a method for recycling a waste ternary lithium ion battery anode material.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in the fields of electronic devices, electric vehicles and the like due to their advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, light weight and the like. With the popularization of lithium ion batteries in various fields, the usage amount of waste lithium ion batteries is increasing year by year. If the waste batteries are not processed in time, heavy metals, electrolyte and harmful gases generated by the heavy metals and the electrolyte can cause huge damage to the environment and also cause huge waste to resources. In the case of waste lithium ion batteries, recycling and regenerating the positive electrode materials thereof is the preferred method for solving these problems.
The ternary lithium ion battery is an important type of lithium ion battery, has the advantages of high energy density, good cycle performance and the like, and occupies a major position in the fields of electric automobiles and the like at present. The anode material of the ternary lithium ion battery is LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x- y O 2 The valuable metal ions are rich in species and high in content. Therefore, how to recover the waste ternary lithium ion battery with high efficiency, environmental protection and low cost has more important value.
At present, the recovery method of the ternary lithium ion battery is mainly divided into two categories of pyrometallurgy and wet recovery. Pyrometallurgy is a process of extracting valuable metals from a positive electrode material by heating at a high temperature, and this process is not only costly but also emits toxic gases. The wet recovery is a process of leaching, separating and recovering valuable metals in the cathode material. In the traditional wet recovery process, inorganic acid is generally adopted as pickle liquor, and hydrogen peroxide is adopted as a reducing agent. However, these inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide have non-degradable anions, cause secondary pollution, and are decomposed at high temperature to generate toxic gases.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for recycling the anode material of a waste ternary lithium ion battery, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for recycling a waste ternary lithium ion battery anode material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreating, namely discharging the waste ternary lithium ion battery, disassembling the battery in a glove box, separating a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, soaking the positive electrode plate in an alkaline solution to remove aluminum foil, and cleaning the battery by using deionized water to obtain positive electrode powder;
step two: calcining to remove impurities, namely drying the anode powder in the step one, and calcining in a muffle furnace to remove impurities such as a binder and conductive carbon and the like to obtain waste ternary lithium ion battery anode powder;
step three: acid leaching, mixing the ternary lithium ion battery anode powder obtained in the step two with organic acid, performing acid leaching, stirring, heating, and filtering to obtain acid leaching filtrate;
step four: coprecipitation, namely mixing the acid leaching filtrate obtained in the third step with a precipitator solution, controlling the stirring speed, temperature and time, filtering, and drying in vacuum to obtain nickel, cobalt and manganese precursors;
step five: calcining and regenerating, namely mixing the nickel, cobalt and manganese precursors obtained in the step four with a lithium source and calcining in a sectional manner to obtain the regenerated ternary lithium positive electrode material LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x-y O 2
Preferably, the alkaline solution in the first step is one of NaOH and KOH solutions, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the positive electrode piece to the alkaline solution is 55-100 g/L, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.5-3 mol/L, and the soaking time is 1-10 h.
Preferably, in the second step, the calcination temperature is 650-750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-5 h, and the temperature rise rate is 3-10 ℃/min.
Preferably, the organic acid in the third step comprises one or more of citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid and acetic acid, and the reducing organic acid comprises one or more of formic acid, lactic acid and ascorbic acid, wherein the concentration of the organic acid is 0.5-1.5 mol/L, the concentration of the reducing organic acid is 0.2-1.0 mol/L, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 10-20 g/L, the acid leaching heating temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the acid leaching time is 30-90 min.
Preferably, the precipitator in the fourth step is oxalic acid solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, the molar ratio of oxalic acid to the ternary lithium positive electrode material is 1.2-1.5, the stirring speed is 200-500 rpm, the stirring temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the stirring time is 1-24 hours.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the fourth step is 80-90 ℃ and the time is 12-24 h.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the lithium source is one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate and lithium oxalate, and the molar ratio of the mixture is Li: m is 1.05 to 1.25, and M is Ni 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Mn 2+ Sum of moles of (a).
Preferably, the step five includes a step of heating to 450-550 ℃, preserving heat for 3-6 hours, heating to 800-950 ℃, preserving heat for 10-14 hours, wherein the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to obtain the regenerated ternary lithium cathode material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for acid leaching, co-precipitation and regeneration can effectively recover and regenerate the activity of the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery with a damaged internal structure, can be widely applied to the recovery and regeneration of various waste ternary lithium ion batteries, and has popularization significance;
2. the acid leaching is different from the traditional acid leaching technology, more environment-friendly and naturally degradable organic acid is adopted, and the reducing agent adopts organic acid with reducibility to replace most of hydrogen peroxide solution used in the technology;
3. the precipitator used in the invention is oxalic acid, and plays a role of complexing, so that compared with the complexing agent ammonia water used in most technologies, the method is more green and reliable, achieves two purposes at one stroke, and ensures that the process of recycling and regenerating land is more environment-friendly, safer and more convenient.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a recovery and regeneration process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the waste ternary lithium ion cathode material before and after regeneration in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is XRD patterns before and after regeneration of a waste ternary lithium ion cathode material in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first-loop specific charge-discharge capacity-voltage curve diagram of the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery under 0.05C multiplying power in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of the cycle number-specific discharge capacity curve under different multiplying factors before and after the regeneration of the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for recycling a waste ternary lithium ion battery positive electrode material, wherein a waste ternary lithium battery is completely discharged and then disassembled to obtain a positive electrode plate, aluminum impurities are removed by an alkali solution, impurities such as a binder and conductive carbon are removed by calcination, metals such as nickel, cobalt, manganese and the like are leached by an organic mixed acid, a nickel, cobalt and manganese precursor precipitated by an oxalic acid solution is mixed with a lithium source and then is calcined and regenerated to obtain a regenerated ternary lithium positive electrode material.
The recovery and regeneration method comprises the following steps:
the first embodiment is as follows:
taking 15g of the disassembled ternary lithium positive pole piece, putting the ternary lithium positive pole piece into 200mL of 2mol/L NaOH solution, soaking and stirring for 2h, washing for 3-5 times by using deionized water, and putting the powder into an oven to dry at 80 ℃. And putting the dried powder into a crucible, calcining in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 650 ℃, keeping for 5h, and then naturally cooling.
Adding 5g of calcined powder into a three-neck flask containing 250mL of 0.5mol/L citric acid solution and 0.25mol/L formic acid, stirring for 1h at 90 ℃ for leaching, filtering to obtain a leaching solution, adding 150mL of 0.5mol/L oxalic acid solution into the filtrate, stirring for 12h at 400rpm at 50 ℃ for 12h, performing suction filtration, and drying the precipitate at 80 ℃ for 12h in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor.
And ball-milling and mixing lithium carbonate and a nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor in a molar ratio of 1.2, putting the mixture into a crucible, calcining in a muffle furnace at a temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min and a calcination temperature of 500 ℃ for 5 hours, then raising the temperature to 900 ℃ for 12 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the regenerated ternary lithium cathode material.
Characterization tests were performed on the regenerated material. Fig. 2 is an electron micrograph of the waste ternary lithium positive electrode material before and after regeneration in the first embodiment of the present invention, in which there are significant impurities between particles of the waste material, and the regenerated material has no impurities and is uniform in particle size. Fig. 3 is XRD patterns before and after the regeneration of the waste ternary lithium cathode material in the first embodiment of the present invention, and the peak intensity of the regenerated material is enhanced and the peak splitting is clearer than that of the waste material, which indicates that most of the structure of the regenerated powder material has been restored, but there is a gap compared with the new material.
According to the regenerated ternary lithium cathode material: conductive agent: the positive pole piece is manufactured by the binder with the mass ratio of 8:1:1, a metal lithium piece is used as a negative pole, Celgard 2400 polypropylene porous membrane is used as a diaphragm, a mixed solution of 1mol/LLiPF6 Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is used as an electrolyte, a 2032 type button cell is assembled in an argon-filled glove box with water and oxygen content less than 0.01ppm, and charging and discharging tests are carried out.
And (5) carrying out battery performance test on the regenerated material. Fig. 4 is a first-cycle specific charge-discharge capacity-voltage curve diagram of the waste ternary lithium positive electrode material under the multiplying power of 0.05C in the first embodiment of the invention, and the specific discharge capacity of the regenerated positive electrode material reaches 161mAh/g, which is much higher than 102mAh/g of the waste material and is close to 173mAh/g of the new material. Fig. 5 is a graph of a cycle number-specific discharge capacity curve under different multiplying factors before and after the regeneration of the waste ternary lithium positive electrode material in the first embodiment of the present invention, and the specific discharge capacity of the regenerated material is much higher than that of the waste material at 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, and the like, and is close to that of the new material.
Example two:
taking 15g of the disassembled ternary lithium positive pole piece, putting the ternary lithium positive pole piece into 200mL of 1mol/L NaOH solution, soaking and stirring for 3h, washing for 3-5 times by using deionized water, and putting the powder into an oven to dry at 80 ℃. And putting the dried powder into a crucible, calcining in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 700 ℃, keeping for 3h, and then naturally cooling.
Adding 5g of calcined powder into a three-neck flask containing 250mL of 0.5mol/L citric acid solution and 0.8mol/L ascorbic acid, stirring for 1h at 70 ℃, leaching, filtering to obtain a leaching solution, adding 125mL of 0.5mol/L oxalic acid solution into the filtrate, stirring for 1h at 500rpm at 50 ℃, filtering, precipitating in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12h, and drying to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor.
And (3) ball-milling and mixing the lithium hydroxide and the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor in a molar ratio of 1.05, putting the mixture into a crucible, calcining the mixture in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min and a calcining temperature of 500 ℃ for 5h, heating the mixture to 900 ℃ again, keeping the temperature for 14h, and naturally cooling the mixture to obtain the regenerated ternary lithium cathode material.
According to the regenerated ternary lithium cathode material: conductive agent: the positive pole piece is manufactured by the binder with the mass ratio of 8:1:1, a metal lithium piece is used as a negative pole, Celgard 2400 polypropylene porous membrane is used as a diaphragm, a mixed solution of 1mol/LLiPF6 Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is used as an electrolyte, a 2032 type button cell is assembled in an argon-filled glove box with water and oxygen content less than 0.01ppm, and charging and discharging tests are carried out.
Example three:
and taking 15g of the disassembled ternary lithium positive pole piece, putting the ternary lithium positive pole piece into 250mL of 1mol/L KOH solution, soaking and stirring for 5 hours, washing for 3-5 times by using deionized water, and putting the powder into an oven to dry at 80 ℃. And putting the dried powder into a crucible, calcining in a muffle furnace at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 750 ℃, keeping for 3h, and then naturally cooling.
Adding 5g of calcined powder into a three-neck flask containing 250mL of 0.6mol/L acetic acid solution and 0.5mol/L lactic acid, stirring for 2h at 60 ℃ for leaching, filtering to obtain a leaching solution, adding 140mL of 0.5mol/L oxalic acid solution into the filtrate, stirring for 1h at 500rpm at 50 ℃, performing suction filtration, precipitating in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12h, and drying to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor.
And (3) ball-milling and mixing lithium oxalate and a nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor according to the molar ratio of 1.15, putting the mixture into a crucible, calcining the mixture in a muffle furnace at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 500 ℃ for 5h, then heating to 930 ℃ for 10h, and naturally cooling to obtain the regenerated ternary lithium cathode material.
According to the regenerated ternary lithium cathode material: conductive agent: the positive pole piece is prepared by the mass ratio of 8:1:1 of the binder, a metal lithium piece is used as a negative pole, Celgard 2400 polypropylene porous membrane is used as a diaphragm, a mixed solution of 1mol/LLiPF6 Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is used as an electrolyte, and the electrolyte is assembled into a 2032 type button cell in an argon-filled glove box with water and oxygen content less than 0.01ppm for carrying out charge and discharge tests.
Example four:
taking 15g of the disassembled ternary lithium positive pole piece, putting the ternary lithium positive pole piece into 150mL of 1mol/L KOH solution, soaking and stirring for 10 hours, washing for 3-5 times by using deionized water, and putting the powder into an oven to dry at 80 ℃. And putting the dried powder into a crucible, calcining in a muffle furnace at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 700 ℃, keeping for 5h, and then naturally cooling.
Adding 5g of calcined powder into a three-neck flask containing 250mL of 1.0mol/L tartaric acid solution and 0.6mol/L ascorbic acid, stirring for 6h at 80 ℃ for leaching, filtering to obtain a leaching solution, adding 150mL of 0.5mol/L oxalic acid solution into the filtrate, stirring for 5h at 350rpm at 50 ℃ for 5h, performing suction filtration, precipitating in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12h, and drying to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor.
And (3) ball-milling and mixing the lithium acetate and the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor in a molar ratio of 1.25, putting the mixture into a crucible, calcining the mixture in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min and a calcining temperature of 500 ℃ for 5 hours, heating to 850 ℃ again, keeping the temperature for 14 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the regenerated ternary lithium cathode material.
According to the regenerated ternary lithium cathode material: conductive agent: the positive pole piece is manufactured by the binder with the mass ratio of 8:1:1, a metal lithium piece is used as a negative pole, Celgard 2400 polypropylene porous membrane is used as a diaphragm, a mixed solution of 1mol/LLiPF6 Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is used as an electrolyte, a 2032 type button cell is assembled in an argon-filled glove box with water and oxygen content less than 0.01ppm, and charging and discharging tests are carried out.
Compared with the traditional acid leaching method in which inorganic acid is used for acid leaching and hydrogen peroxide is used for reduction, the preparation method provided by the invention uses more environment-friendly and green mixed organic acid, so that the recovery process is more environment-friendly, safe, rapid and efficient.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. A method for recycling a waste ternary lithium ion battery anode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreating, namely discharging the waste ternary lithium ion battery, disassembling the battery in a glove box, separating a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, soaking the positive electrode plate in an alkaline solution to remove aluminum foil, and cleaning the battery by using deionized water to obtain positive electrode powder;
step two: calcining to remove impurities, namely drying the anode powder in the step one, and calcining in a muffle furnace to remove impurities such as a binder and conductive carbon and the like to obtain waste ternary lithium ion battery anode powder;
step three: acid leaching, mixing the ternary lithium ion battery anode powder obtained in the step two with organic acid, performing acid leaching, stirring, heating, and filtering to obtain acid leaching filtrate;
step four: coprecipitation, namely mixing the acid leaching filtrate obtained in the third step with a precipitator solution, controlling the stirring speed, temperature and time, filtering, and drying in vacuum to obtain nickel, cobalt and manganese precursors;
step five: calcining and regenerating, namely mixing the nickel, cobalt and manganese precursors obtained in the step four with a lithium source and calcining in a sectional manner to obtain the regenerated ternary lithium positive electrode material LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x-y O 2
2. The method for recycling and regenerating the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline solution in the first step is one of NaOH and KOH solutions, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the anode piece to the alkaline solution is 55-100 g/L, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.5-3 mol/L, and the soaking time is 1-10 hours.
3. The method for recycling and regenerating the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the calcination temperature is 650-750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-5 h, and the temperature rise rate is 3-10 ℃/min.
4. The recycling and regenerating method of the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic acid in the third step comprises one or more of citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid and acetic acid, the reducing organic acid comprises one or more of formic acid, lactic acid and ascorbic acid, wherein the concentration of the organic acid is 0.5-1.5 mol/L, the concentration of the reducing organic acid is 0.2-1.0 mol/L, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 10-20 g/L, the acid leaching heating temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the acid leaching time is 30-90 min.
5. The method for recycling and regenerating the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the precipitator in the fourth step is oxalic acid solution, the concentration is 0.5mol/L, the molar ratio of oxalic acid to the ternary lithium anode material is 1.2-1.5, the stirring speed is 200-500 rpm, the stirring temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the stirring time is 1-24 hours.
6. The method for recycling and regenerating the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the fourth step is 80-90 ℃ and the drying time is 12-24 hours.
7. The method for recycling and regenerating the anode material of the waste ternary lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step five, the lithium source is one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate and lithium oxalate, and the molar ratio of the mixture is Li: m is 1.05 to 1.25, and M is Ni 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Mn 2+ Sum of moles of (a).
8. The method for recycling and regenerating the waste ternary lithium ion battery anode material according to claim 1, wherein the step five of the sectional calcination process comprises the steps of firstly heating to 450-550 ℃, preserving heat for 3-6 hours, then heating to 800-950 ℃, preserving heat for 10-14 hours, wherein the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to obtain the regenerated ternary lithium anode material.
CN202210912088.9A 2022-07-29 2022-07-29 Method for recycling and regenerating anode material of waste ternary lithium ion battery Pending CN115064805A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116240385A (en) * 2023-05-08 2023-06-09 山东产研绿洲环境产业技术研究院有限公司 Method for separating and purifying valuable metals of waste lithium batteries
CN116837216A (en) * 2023-09-01 2023-10-03 北京怀柔北珂新能源科技有限公司 Impurity removal method for recycling positive electrode powder of lithium ion battery
CN116864850A (en) * 2023-08-21 2023-10-10 中国矿业大学 Method for regenerating ternary positive electrode material from waste ternary lithium ion battery leaching liquid

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116240385A (en) * 2023-05-08 2023-06-09 山东产研绿洲环境产业技术研究院有限公司 Method for separating and purifying valuable metals of waste lithium batteries
CN116864850A (en) * 2023-08-21 2023-10-10 中国矿业大学 Method for regenerating ternary positive electrode material from waste ternary lithium ion battery leaching liquid
CN116837216A (en) * 2023-09-01 2023-10-03 北京怀柔北珂新能源科技有限公司 Impurity removal method for recycling positive electrode powder of lithium ion battery
CN116837216B (en) * 2023-09-01 2023-11-21 北京怀柔北珂新能源科技有限公司 Impurity removal method for recycling positive electrode powder of lithium ion battery

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