CN115064146A - Compound three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure - Google Patents
Compound three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115064146A CN115064146A CN202210349396.5A CN202210349396A CN115064146A CN 115064146 A CN115064146 A CN 115064146A CN 202210349396 A CN202210349396 A CN 202210349396A CN 115064146 A CN115064146 A CN 115064146A
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 41
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 30
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure. The structure comprises cells which are divided into an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure, and the two layers of structures can be mutually bonded by glue. The upper layer structure is composed of perforated plates with indefinite thickness and indefinite aperture size, and the upper plate and the lower plate are fixed by pyramid-shaped supporting rods. The lower layer structure is a film type acoustic superstructure, which consists of a flat plate, a cavity wall, a film and a vibrator, wherein the vibrator is inspired by periodic inertia amplification acoustic metamaterial and is designed into a supporting structure. The sound absorption and insulation material has excellent sound absorption and insulation performance and good bearing capacity, simultaneously realizes small-size and light-weight design of the sound absorption and insulation material, is a multifunctional integrated structure integrating sound insulation, bearing and light weight, and can be applied to a plurality of fields of aerospace, ships, oceans, civil construction and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sound absorption and insulation, and particularly relates to a composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure.
Background
The acoustic metamaterial is originated from electromagnetic waves, is a periodic composite material manufactured artificially, can realize small-size control of large wavelength, has special properties which are not possessed by a plurality of natural materials such as negative equivalent mass density and negative equivalent bulk modulus, can be used for negative refraction, acoustic focusing, acoustic stealth and the like of acoustic waves, and has wide application prospect in military affairs and civil use. The invention provides a sound insulation, sound absorption and bearing combined multifunctional structure. Meanwhile, a periodic inertia amplification mechanism and a gradient index theory are adopted to optimize the structure, and a support rod is added to ensure the bearing capacity of the sound insulation board, so that the sound insulation board has a stable low-frequency sound insulation effect under the condition of certain external pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure comprises more than two cells with the same structure; the cell interior comprises an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure; the upper layer structure comprises perforated plates and supporting rods, the upper layer structure is double-layer, each layer comprises four perforated plates, the hole diameter of each perforated plate is different, the hole diameters of the upper layer and the lower layer are staggered, the situation that the same layer is all large holes or all small holes is avoided, and the thickness of each perforated plate is increased along with the increase of the hole diameter of each perforated plate is avoided; the supporting rod is connected with the perforated plate and forms a sandwich structure with the perforated plate, and the supporting rod plays a supporting role on the perforated plate; the lower layer structure comprises a flat plate, a film, a vibrator and cavity walls, the flat plate is positioned at the topmost end and the bottommost end of the lower layer structure and is connected with the middle film through the two cavity walls, and the vibrator is adhered above the film.
Further, the size of the unit cell is equal to the size of a square circumcircle with the side length of 70 mm.
Furthermore, the supporting rods of the upper layer structure are inclined rods, and 8 supporting rods form a pyramid structure to play a role in bearing the upper layer structure; the tip of the pyramid configuration is located at the position with 6mm difference from the X direction of the center position of the XY plane of the cell, and the tail end of the pyramid configuration is located at the position with 30mm difference from the X direction of the center position of the XY plane of the cell.
Furthermore, the vibrator of the lower layer structure in the pyramid structure comprises a mass block and a support structure, the support structure is a pyramid structure consisting of 4 square inclined rods, the support structure is pasted above the film, and the mass block is pasted above the support structure and is positioned in the center of the XY plane of the cell.
Furthermore, the supporting structure of the lower layer structure is a pyramid structure, the tail end of the pyramid structure is located 25mm away from the X, Y direction average difference of the central axis position of the cell, and the tip end of the pyramid is located 2.5mm away from the X, Y direction average difference of the central axis position of the cell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, under the inspiration of the Helmholtz resonant cavity, the structure form of the perforated plate is adopted, so that the sound reflection phenomenon can be reduced to a great extent when sound waves enter, and the sound absorption performance of the upper structure is further improved. The perforated plates with different thicknesses and hole diameters are adopted, so that sound waves can be focused to the position with larger hole diameter, and the sound waves can be focused to the next layer of holes with larger hole diameter after passing through the holes with larger hole diameter, and the propagation path of the sound waves is further expanded. Under the initiation of a periodic inertia amplification mechanism, the mass of the mass block is further increased by considering the inertia force given to the supporting diagonal rod by the mass block during vibration, so that the overall low-frequency sound insulation effect of the structure is improved. The bearing capacity of the whole structure can be guaranteed by the pyramid supporting structure and the cavity wall.
Drawings
FIG. 1-1 is a schematic view of a cell of the present invention;
FIGS. 1-2 are exploded views of the cell structure of the present invention;
FIGS. 1-3 are schematic diagrams of hypothetical cell arrays of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cell mounting of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the transmission loss of the cell of the present invention at 0-500Hz for the case of the lower structure vibrator, which is a four-hinge type, a beam-hinge type, and a single mass-fast type;
FIG. 4 shows the transmission loss at 0-500Hz for three examples of the inventive cell with air normally added in the upper perforated plate, polyester fiber added and hinge changed to EVA rubber material in the lower vibrator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure, wherein the sound absorption and insulation performance of a cellular structure can be changed along with the change of the size and the shape of a cell, the thickness of a perforated plate 1 and the size of the perforated hole in the cell, the thickness of a thin film 4, the shape, the size and the thickness of a mass block of a vibrator 5, the form of a support structure of the vibrator 5, the height of a pyramid support structure and a connection cavity.
The materials used in the embodiment are EVA rubber, metal aluminum, engineering plastic PEI and metal iron, and some structures also use terylene, and the material parameters are as follows:
the EVA rubber has elastic modulus of 7.22MPa, Poisson ratio of 0.3, and density of 1360kg/m 3 ；
The metal aluminum has an elastic modulus of 70GPa, a Poisson ratio of 0.33 and a density of 2700kg/m 3 ；
The elastic modulus of the engineering plastic material PEI is 3.6GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.36, and the density is 1200kg/m 3 ；
The metal iron has an elastic modulus of 115GPa, a Poisson ratio of 0.3 and a density of 7800kg/m 3 ；
The elastic modulus of the terylene is 9.5GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.2, and the density is 1390kg/m 3 。
According to the figures 1-1 to 2, the composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure comprises more than two unit cells, the side length of the unit cells is 70mm, the unit cells are divided into an upper layer sound absorption and insulation structure and a lower layer sound absorption and insulation structure, namely an upper layer structure a and a lower layer structure b, which are connected by gluing. The upper layer structure a is a gradient perforated plate 1, the lower layer structure b is a film type acoustic metamaterial, and a plurality of cellular arrays are arranged to form a composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure.
The upper structure a is made of metal aluminum and comprises a perforated plate 1 and a support rod 2, the support rod 2 plays a role of bearing the perforated plate 1 through a pyramid configuration and forms a sandwich structure together with the perforated plate 1, and the metal aluminum is used as the material of the whole sandwich structure; eight perforated plates 1 are different in thickness and opening aperture size, and the supporting rod 2 is eight square oblique rods. The lower layer structure b is a cavity structure formed by two flat plates 3 and a cavity wall 6, and a film 4 and a vibrator 5 are inserted into the cavity to form a film type acoustic metamaterial.
1 limit of length of side of perforated plate of superstructure a is 35mm, and the trompil is all at perforated plate 1 center, and its thickness and aperture size do not: the diameter of the first perforated plate 1-1 is 20mm, and the thickness of the perforated plate is 5 mm; the perforation diameter of the second perforated plate 1-2 is 24mm, and the thickness of the perforated plate is 8 mm; the perforation diameter of the third perforated plate 1-3 is 30mm, and the thickness of the perforated plate is 10 mm; the perforation diameter of the fourth perforated plate 1-4 is 22mm, and the perforated plate thickness is 6 mm; the perforation diameter of the fifth perforated plate 1-5 is 30mm, and the thickness of the perforated plate is 10 mm; the perforation diameter of the sixth perforated plate 1-6 is 20mm, and the thickness of the perforated plate is 5 mm; the perforation diameter of the seventh perforated plate 1-7 is 22mm, and the thickness of the perforated plate is 6 mm; the eighth perforated plate 1-8 had a perforation diameter of 24mm and a perforated plate thickness of 8 mm.
In the upper layer structure a, the supporting rods 2 are square inclined rods, the side length of each inclined rod is 3mm, 8 inclined rods form a pyramid structure, the tip part of the pyramid is located at the position 6mm away from the center of the XY plane of the cell in the X direction, and the tail part of the pyramid is located at the position 30mm away from the center of the XY plane of the cell in the X direction.
The connecting parts of the supporting rods 2 and the square perforated plate 1 in the upper layer structure a are all positioned at the level position of the bottom of the thinnest perforated plate 1, and the thick plates are connected in a punching and embedding mode. The upper structure a is divided into two layers, each layer is provided with a layer of perforated plate 1 and a layer of supporting rod 2, and the height of each layer is 40 mm.
The side lengths of the upper square flat plate 3 and the lower square flat plate 3 in the lower layer structure b are both 70mm, and the thicknesses of the upper square flat plate and the lower square flat plate are both 5 mm. The length of the outer side of the upper cavity wall and the lower cavity wall 6 is 70mm, the length of the inner side of the upper cavity wall and the lower cavity wall is 66mm, the thickness of the upper cavity wall 6a is 20mm, and the thickness of the lower cavity wall 6b is 9.8 mm. The middle film 4 has a side length of 70mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm. The side length of the diagonal rod of the oscillator 5 supporting structure is 3 mm. The tail end part of the pyramid is located 25mm away from the X, Y direction average difference of the central axis position of the cellular, the tip end part of the pyramid is located 2.5mm away from the X, Y direction average difference of the central axis position of the cellular, and the height of the four inclined rods is 13 mm. The diameter of the round mass block is 12mm, and the thickness of the round mass block is 3 mm.
The top flat plate 3a and the cavity wall 6 are made of metal aluminum, the bottom flat plate 3b is made of EVA rubber, the film 4 is made of engineering plastic PEI, and the vibrator 5 is made of metal iron.
The height of the inclined rod or cavity wall 6 of the pyramid structure and the side length and the number of the plates in a single cell can be changed according to actual requirements, and the height of the inclined rod or cavity wall and the side length and the number of the plates in a single cell cannot be understood as the limitation of the invention.
The supporting structure in the upper layer structure a is not limited to a pyramid structure, and can be other types of structures such as a framework structure and a honeycomb structure, and corresponding changes can be made according to actual engineering.
The type of the vibrator 5 in the lower layer structure b is not unique, and the traditional mass block can be directly pasted on a film, and a periodic inertia amplification mechanism type acoustic metamaterial type form can also be used.
The shape of the unit cell is not limited to a square structure, and the unit cell can be in other topological configurations such as a hexagon and a circle, and the size of the unit cell is equal to the size of a square circumcircle with the side length of 70 mm.
The material and material parameters of the whole cell are not unique, and can be changed according to actual requirements as long as the material meets the sound absorption and insulation mechanism of the acoustic metamaterial and has enough bearing capacity.
According to the figures 3 and 4, the average sound insulation amount of the structure is about 50dB, and the sound insulation amount of the traditional sound insulation structure is about 30dB, so that the structure can achieve low-frequency sound insulation and has a good sound insulation effect.
According to fig. 4, when the actual structure has a high requirement on the sound insulation effect, a certain sound absorption performance can be abandoned, and the cavity of the upper structure a is filled with polyester fibers.
The preparation method of the composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure comprises the following steps:
(1) and selecting the shape of the cells according to the requirement, and determining the materials meeting the actual construction requirements and required by sound absorption and insulation performance and bearing capacity. The height of the pyramid support structure and the cavity walls 6 is determined according to the actual space requirements.
(2) The lower-layer structure b is built up from a bottom-layer EVA rubber plate to the upper part layer by layer according to the interlayer relation of unit cells, a cavity wall 6 required by a mounting cavity is firstly formed, then a tensioning film 4 applying prestress in the direction of X, Y is pasted on the lower-layer structure b, a vibrator 5 and the cavity wall 6 are pasted on the upper side of the film 4, and the top of the cavity wall 6 is connected with a flat plate 3.
(3) The upper layer structure a is used for constructing a perforated plate 1 and a supporting rod 2 according to requirements, the connecting parts of the supporting rod 2 and the perforated plate 1 are located at the level position of the bottom of the thinnest perforated plate 1, and the perforated plate is connected in a perforated embedding mode for thicker plates.
The array mode of the composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure can be determined by calculating the number of cells which can be placed in each row and each column according to the actual space size. The sound waves enter the upper layer perforated plate 1, so that the sound reflection can be reduced, the propagation path of the sound waves can be widened, and a certain sound absorption effect can be achieved. The sound waves enter the lower-layer film type acoustic metamaterial, and low-frequency broadband sound insulation can be achieved to a certain extent by means of a periodic inertia amplification mechanism. And the pyramid-shaped support structure and the cavity wall 6 can improve certain bearing capacity.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a compound three-dimensional cycle is inhaled sound insulation integration acoustics superstructure which characterized in that: comprises more than two unit cells with the same structure; the unit cell comprises an upper layer structure (a) and a lower layer structure (b); the upper layer structure (a) comprises perforated plates (1) and supporting rods (2), the upper layer structure (a) is double-layer, each layer comprises four perforated plates (1), the hole diameters of the perforated plates (1) are different, the hole diameters of the upper layer and the lower layer are staggered, the situation that the same layer is all large holes or all small holes is avoided, and the thickness of each perforated plate (1) is increased along with the increase of the hole diameter; the supporting rod (2) is connected with the perforated plate (1) and forms a sandwich structure with the perforated plate (1), and the supporting rod (2) plays a supporting role on the perforated plate (1); the lower layer structure (b) comprises a flat plate (3), a film (4), a vibrator (5) and cavity walls (6), the flat plate (3) is located at the topmost end and the bottommost end of the lower layer structure (b) and is connected with the middle film (4) through the two cavity walls (6), and the vibrator (5) is pasted above the film (4).
2. The composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the size of the unit cell is equal to that of a square circumscribed circle with the side length of 70 mm.
3. The composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the supporting rods (2) of the upper layer structure (a) are inclined rods, and 8 supporting rods (2) form a pyramid structure to play a role in bearing the upper layer structure (a); the tip of the pyramid configuration is located at the position with 6mm difference from the X direction of the center position of the XY plane of the cell, and the tail end of the pyramid configuration is located at the position with 30mm difference from the X direction of the center position of the XY plane of the cell.
4. The composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vibrator (5) of the lower layer structure (b) comprises a mass block and a supporting structure, the supporting structure is a pyramid structure consisting of 4 square inclined rods, the supporting structure is pasted above the film (4), and the mass block is pasted above the supporting structure and is positioned in the center of an XY plane of the cell.
5. The composite three-dimensional periodic sound absorption and insulation integrated acoustic superstructure according to claim 4, characterized in that: the supporting structure of the lower layer structure (b) is a pyramid structure, the tail end of the pyramid structure is located 25mm away from the center of the XY plane of the cell in X, Y direction, and the tip end of the pyramid is located 2.5mm away from the center of the XY plane of the cell in X, Y direction.
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