CN115056477B - Melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite material - Google Patents
Melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115056477B CN115056477B CN202210638360.9A CN202210638360A CN115056477B CN 115056477 B CN115056477 B CN 115056477B CN 202210638360 A CN202210638360 A CN 202210638360A CN 115056477 B CN115056477 B CN 115056477B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/16—Cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
- B29C64/329—Feeding using hoppers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
- B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/16—Cooling
- B29C2035/1658—Cooling using gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
The utility model provides a melt extrusion device for 3D printing of a metal-polymer composite material, which comprises a multi-mode feeding mechanism and a composite extrusion mechanism. The multi-mode feeding mechanism can quantitatively and continuously provide granular and filamentous metal-polymer composite materials for the composite extrusion mechanism, and solves the problems that the granular metal-polymer composite materials cannot be continuously fed and the feeding mode is single when being printed. The hollow extrusion screw in the composite extrusion mechanism has the characteristics of conveying the filiform material at the central part and conveying the granular material outside the screw, so that barrier-free switching between the 3D printing mode of screw extrusion and the 3D printing mode of wire extrusion is realized. The removable nozzle is capable of rapidly removing residual printing material from the nozzle when a plug occurs. The multi-mode feeding mechanism and the composite extrusion mechanism with the detachable nozzle effectively solve the problems that the feeding mode of the existing 3D printing nozzle is single and discontinuous, the nozzle is easy to plug, and the nozzle is difficult to clean after the plug.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of a metal-polymer composite material.
Background
Based on the discrete-stacking principle, additive manufacturing technology is a revolutionary manufacturing technology integrating advanced manufacturing, digital manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing, which stacks discrete materials (liquid, powder, wire, etc.) layer by layer to achieve solid manufacturing. The 3D printing technology of the melt extrusion molding is to heat and melt a printing material, move a nozzle at the bottom of a spray head to a designated position according to model data under the control of a program to extrude the molten material, and finally form a three-dimensional entity through layer-by-layer accumulation. As an emerging advanced manufacturing technology, the 3D printing technology for melt extrusion molding has the advantages of relatively simple mechanical structure, diversified printing materials and the like, and has been widely used in related fields of industrial design, biomedical treatment, industrial dies, power energy sources and the like. However, the forming equipment of the melt extrusion forming 3D printing technology still has the problems of single and discontinuous feeding mode, easy plug and difficult cleaning after plug and the like.
The Chinese patent of application number 201811589004.2 proposes a ceramic 3D printing extruder, which solves the problem that the extrusion speed of a 3D printer melt extrusion device cannot be accurately controlled, so that a printing piece is easy to discard, and the ceramic slurry is pushed by air pressure to realize single-mode continuous feeding, but a nozzle is easy to block and difficult to clean; the Chinese patent of application number 201910716058.9 proposes a extrusion screw with small length-diameter ratio and an extrusion device, which uses the extrusion screw with small length-diameter ratio and light weight to extrude and print thermoplastic materials, but cannot realize multi-mode continuous feeding, and has the conditions of easy plug and inconvenient cleaning after the plug during printing; the Chinese patent application No. 202021578380.4 proposes a novel 3D printer nozzle, which can effectively solve the problems of easy blockage, short service life and the like of the 3D printer nozzle, but the nozzle is provided with a gear, a screw rod and other structures, so that the processing and the assembly are difficult.
In summary, 3D printing heads with both continuous feeding and melt extrusion of filamentous and granular printing materials have not been reported. Therefore, the utility model solves the problem that the vicinity of the printing nozzle is easy to be blocked on the basis of innovatively designing the novel 3D printing nozzle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems mentioned above, the present utility model provides a melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials; the 3D printing and melt extrusion device for the metal-polymer composite material can continuously provide a wire-shaped material or a granular material for a composite extrusion mechanism in the printing process, so that the time and labor consumption of manual feeding are reduced, and the automation degree and the printing efficiency are improved to a certain extent; and the cleaning can be quickly performed after the plug occurs, so that unnecessary time waste in the printing process is reduced.
The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
a melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of a metal-polymer composite material comprises a multi-mode feeding mechanism and a composite extrusion mechanism;
the multi-mode feeding mechanism consists of a granular material feeding unit and a filament material feeding unit and is used for continuously providing granular materials or filament materials for the composite extrusion mechanism; the composite extrusion mechanism comprises a granular material extrusion unit, a filament material extrusion unit, a heating temperature control unit, a detachable nozzle and a cooling and control unit, wherein the granular material extrusion unit and the filament material extrusion unit are used for conveying granular materials or filament materials to the area where the heating temperature control unit is located, and the melted materials are extruded through the detachable nozzle to realize the forming of the materials; the composite extrusion mechanism is fixed on the 3D printer.
Further, the granular material feeding unit comprises a total bin, a small vibration motor, a conveying disc shell, a granular material conveying disc, a feeding deep groove ball bearing, a feeding speed reducer, a feeding stepping motor and a feeding pipe, wherein the total bin is used for storing granular metal-polymer composite materials, and the small vibration motor is fixed at a flange opening of the total bin in an adhesive mode and used for preventing a blanking opening from being blocked; the granular material conveying disc is arranged in the conveying disc shell and is connected with an output shaft of the feeding speed reducer through a feeding deep groove ball bearing; the inlet of the granular material conveying disc is communicated with the flange port of the total bin, and the outlet of the granular material conveying disc is communicated with the feeding pipe; the input shaft of the feeding speed reducer is connected with the stepping motor and is used for increasing the torque of the feeding stepping motor so as to drive the internal granular material conveying tray to rotate at a fixed angle, so that the granular materials in the granular material conveying tray can quantitatively and continuously fall into the feeding pipe; the granular material falls into the small bin through the feed pipe by gravity.
Further, the wire material feeding unit comprises a wire material winding drum, a wire material winding drum fixing piece and a wire material winding drum shaft, wherein the wire material is wound on the wire material winding drum, and the wire material winding drum is installed on the wire material winding drum shaft and is fixed by the wire material winding drum fixing piece.
Further, the granular material extrusion unit comprises an extrusion stepping motor, an extrusion speed reducer, a speed reducer fixing frame, a driving gear, a driven gear, a hollow feeding screw, a screw fixing piece, a small storage bin, an extrusion charging barrel and a charging barrel fixing piece;
the hollow feeding screw is internally provided with a cavity for the wire to pass through, and the screw fixing piece is arranged at the periphery of the hollow feeding screw; the extrusion material cylinder is in interference fit connection with the small storage bin through the shaft hole, so that communication is realized; the extrusion material cylinder is fixed through a material cylinder fixing piece, and the hollow feeding screw rod extends into the bottom of the extrusion material cylinder; the extrusion speed reducer is arranged on the speed reducer fixing frame through threaded connection, an input shaft of the extrusion speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of the extrusion stepping motor, and a driving gear is arranged on the output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer and meshed with a driven gear; the hollow feeding screw rod and the driven gear are matched through the shaft hole to obtain rotary power, so that granular materials falling to the top of the extrusion cylinder through the small storage bin can be conveyed to the heating temperature control unit for heating and melting, and the heated and melted metal-polymer composite materials are extruded through the detachable nozzle.
Further, the filamentous material extrusion unit comprises a first shaft, a small clutch, a worm connecting shaft, a worm, a turbine, an extrusion deep groove ball bearing, a turbine shaft, a feeding pinion shaft, a spring and a pinion shaft sliding piece;
the first connecting shaft is arranged on an output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer, and is connected with the worm connecting shaft through a small clutch, and the worm is arranged on the worm connecting shaft and meshed with the turbine; the turbine is arranged on a turbine shaft, and the turbine shaft is connected with the part connecting plate through an extrusion deep groove ball bearing; the wire passes through the space between the turbine and the pinion and stretches into the hollow feeding screw; the pinion shaft is mounted on the pinion shaft slider, one end of the spring is fixed on the part connecting plate, and the other end of the spring tightly fixes the pinion shaft under the action of the spring force, and the pinion shaft is used for assisting the turbine to clamp the wire.
Further, the heating temperature control unit comprises a heating aluminum block, a thermistor and a high-power heating rod, wherein the high-power heating rod is used for heating the heating aluminum block, and the thermistor is used for monitoring the temperature of the extrusion nozzle part.
Further, the detachable nozzle comprises a nozzle left part, a nozzle right part, a nozzle clamping ring and a set screw, wherein the manufacturing materials of the nozzle left part and the nozzle right part are tungsten carbide, the nozzle left part and the nozzle right part are connected together through threads of the nozzle clamping ring, the position is locked through the set screw, and the set screw is used for ensuring that the nozzle clamping ring and the left part and the right part of the nozzle do not slide circumferentially.
Further, the cooling and control unit comprises a control board, a control board bracket and a cooling fan, wherein the control board bracket and the cooling fan are directly connected to the part connecting plate through bolts, and the cooling fan, the feeding stepping motor, the extrusion stepping motor, the thermistor and the high-power heating rod are all connected with the control board through wires, and the control board is fixed on the control board bracket.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The 3D printing melt extrusion device for the metal-polymer composite material can continuously provide the granular metal-polymer composite material and the wire-shaped metal-polymer composite material for different modes of melt extrusion molding 3D printing technologies through the multi-mode feeding mechanism. When the granular material is required to be printed, the granular material conveying disc is driven by the stepping motor regularly to quantitatively and continuously convey the granular material from the total storage bin to the small storage bin, so that the problem that manual feeding is required when the screw extrusion 3D printing is effectively solved; when the wire is required to be printed, the wire winding drum is fixed on the wire winding drum shaft, the wire wound in the wire winding drum is continuously fed into the hollow extrusion screw under the traction action of the turbine, and two metal-polymer composite materials with different forms are respectively and continuously fed under the action of different mechanisms, so that the automation degree of the melt extrusion device is improved, and the unnecessary time waste is reduced.
(2) The composite extrusion mechanism of the melt extrusion device for 3D printing of the metal-polymer composite material can realize 3D printing of melt extrusion molding aiming at materials with different forms; when 3D printing is performed by screw extrusion, the hollow extrusion screw obtains the power of a stepping motor which is decelerated by a speed reducer and is driven by a parallel shaft gear, granular materials in a small storage bin are conveyed into the bottom of an extrusion cylinder under the action of rotary extrusion of the screw, and finally heated and melted to be extruded by a detachable nozzle; when the 3D printing of the wire extrusion is carried out, one end of the wire is pulled by a turbine and enters the bottom of the extrusion cylinder through the hole in the hollow extrusion screw rod, and the wire is also heated and melted for extrusion, so that the 3D printing of the wire or granular metal-polymer composite material is realized.
(3) The 3D printing melt extrusion device for the metal-polymer composite material is provided with the detachable nozzle, so that the nozzle can be conveniently and rapidly disassembled when the plug occurs, and the residual consumed materials in the nozzle are removed; and the root cause of the screw extrusion 3D printing plug is the residue of printing materials, the occurrence of the plug can be effectively reduced by reducing the distance between the bottom of the extrusion cylinder and the bottom of the screw, the distance is generally 1-2mm, the problems that the nozzle is easy to block and difficult to clean are solved, and the stability of extrusion equipment is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structure of a melt extrusion apparatus for 3D printing of metal-polymer composites;
FIG. 2 is a full cross-sectional view of the multi-mode feed mechanism;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a compound extrusion mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a full cross-sectional view of the compounding extrusion mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the compound extrusion mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a removable nozzle;
FIG. 7 is a rear view of the compound extrusion mechanism;
the meaning of each reference numeral in the figures is:
the multi-mode feeding mechanism 1, the particulate material feeding unit 11, the total bin 110, the small vibration motor 111, the transport tray housing 112, the particulate material transport tray 113, the feeding deep groove ball bearing 114, the feeding speed reducer 115, the feeding stepper motor 116, the feeding tube 117, the wire feeding unit 12, the wire reel 120, the wire 121, the wire reel mount 122, the wire reel shaft 123, the composite extrusion mechanism 2, the particulate material extrusion unit 21, the extrusion stepper motor 210, the extrusion speed reducer 211, the stepper motor mount 212, the driving gear 213, the driven gear 214, the hollow feeding screw 215, the screw mount 216, the small bin 217, the extrusion barrel 218, the barrel mount 219, the wire extrusion unit 22, the gear connection shaft 220, the small clutch 221, the worm connection shaft 222, the worm 223, the turbine 224, the extrusion deep groove ball bearing 225, the turbine shaft 226, the feed pinion shaft 227, the spring gear shaft slide 229, the heating temperature control unit 23, the heating aluminum block 230, the thermistor 231, the high-power heating rod 232, the detachable nozzle 24, the left nozzle 241, the right nozzle 241, the nozzle mount 240, the fastening nozzle mount 260, the cooling control plate 252, the cooling plate mount plate 252, the cooling plate 251, the cooling plate mount plate 252, the cooling plate 252.
Detailed Description
The utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-7, the utility model provides a melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials, which consists of a multi-mode feeding mechanism 1 and a composite extrusion mechanism 2.
The multi-mode feeding mechanism 1 is composed of a granular material feeding unit 11 and a thread-like material feeding unit 12, and has the function of continuously feeding the composite extrusion mechanism 2 in multiple modes.
The granular material feeding unit 11 comprises a total bin 110, a small vibration motor 111, a conveying disc shell 112, a granular material conveying disc 113, a feeding deep groove ball bearing 114, a feeding speed reducer 115, a feeding stepping motor 116 and a feeding pipe 117, wherein the total bin 110 is used for storing granular metal-polymer composite materials, and the small vibration motor 111 is fixed at a flange opening of the total bin 110 in an adhesive mode, so that the effect of preventing a blanking opening from being blocked is achieved.
The granular material transporting tray 113 is installed inside the tray housing 112 and connected to the output shaft of the feed speed reducer 115 through the feed deep groove ball bearing 114. The inlet of the particulate material transport tray 113 communicates with the flanged mouth of the aggregate bin 110 and the outlet communicates with the feed pipe 117. The input shaft of the feeding speed reducer 115 is connected to the stepper motor 116, so as to increase the torque of the feeding stepper motor 116, and thus drive the inner granular material transporting tray 113 to rotate at a fixed angle, so as to enable the granular material in the granular material transporting tray 113 to fall into the feeding pipe 117 quantitatively and continuously. The particulate material then falls under gravity through the feed tube 117 into the small bin 217. So far, the continuous feeding of the granular materials is realized, the manual feeding is avoided, and the automation degree of the melt extrusion device is improved to a certain extent.
The wire feeding unit 12 includes a wire spool 120, a wire 121, a wire spool holder 122, and a wire spool shaft 123, the wire 121 is wound around the wire spool 120, and the wire spool 120 is mounted on the wire spool shaft 123 and held by the wire spool holder 122. The above structure can continuously supply the composite extrusion mechanism 2 with the wire.
The granular material feeding unit 11 and the filament material feeding unit 12 can automatically switch the printing materials according to different extrusion modes of the composite extrusion mechanism 2, so that the multi-mode continuous conveying of the metal-polymer composite material is realized.
The composite extrusion mechanism 2 comprises a granular material extrusion unit 21, a filament material extrusion unit 22, a heating temperature control unit 23, a detachable nozzle 24 and a cooling and control unit 25, wherein the granular material extrusion unit 21 and the filament material extrusion unit 22 are used for conveying printing materials to the area where the heating temperature control unit 23 is located, and melted materials are extruded through the detachable nozzle 24 to realize the forming of the materials. The composite extrusion mechanism 2 is fixed on the 3D printer through an extrusion mechanism connecting plate 261, and the extrusion mechanism connecting plate 261 is fixedly connected with the part connecting plate 260.
The granular material extruding unit 21 includes an extruding stepper motor 210, an extruding speed reducer 211, a speed reducer fixing frame 212, a driving gear 213, a driven gear 214, a hollow feeding screw 215, a screw fixing member 216, a small stock bin 217, an extruding barrel 218, and a barrel fixing member 219.
The hollow feeding screw 215 is internally provided with a cavity for the wire 121 to pass through, and the screw fixing piece 216 is arranged on the periphery of the hollow feeding screw 215 to play a role in guiding. The extrusion tube 218 is connected with the small bin 217 through shaft hole interference fit, so that communication is realized. The extrusion barrel 218 is secured by a barrel mount 219 and the hollow feed screw 215 extends into the bottom of the extrusion barrel 218. The extrusion speed reducer 211 is installed on the speed reducer fixing frame 212 through threaded connection, an input shaft of the extrusion speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of the extrusion stepping motor 210, and the driving gear 213 is installed on the output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer 211 and meshed with the driven gear 214; the hollow feeding screw 215 and the driven gear 214 are matched through shaft holes to obtain rotary power, so that granular materials falling to the top of the extrusion cylinder 218 through the small storage bin 217 can be conveyed to the heating temperature control unit 23 for heating and melting, and the heated and melted metal-polymer composite materials are extruded through the detachable nozzle 24.
The filamentous material extrusion unit 22 includes a first coupling shaft 220, a small clutch 221, a worm connection shaft 222, a worm 223, a worm wheel 224, an extrusion deep groove ball bearing 225, a turbine shaft 226, a feed pinion shaft 227, a spring 228, and a pinion shaft slider 229.
The first coupling shaft 220 is mounted on the output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer 211, while the first coupling shaft 220 is connected with a worm connection shaft 222 through a small clutch 221, and a worm 223 is mounted on the worm connection shaft 222 and engaged with a worm wheel 224; turbine 224 is mounted on turbine shaft 226, and turbine shaft 226 is connected to part attachment plate 260 by means of extruded deep groove ball bearings 225. The wire 121 passes between the worm 224 and the pinion gear and protrudes into the hollow feed screw 215.
The pinion shaft 227 is mounted on the pinion shaft slide 229, one end of the spring 228 is fixed on the part connection plate 260, and the other end is used for fastening the pinion shaft 227 by the action of the spring force, the pinion shaft 227 can still slide on the pinion shaft slide 229, the pinion shaft 227 can assist the turbine 224 to clamp the wire 121 when the wire material extrusion is carried out, and the wire 121 is pushed into the hollow feed screw 215 under the rotation of the turbine 224.
When the wire extrusion is performed, the turbine 224 obtaining power conveys the wire 121 into the hollow feed screw 215, the wire 121 reaches the bottom of the extrusion cylinder 218 through the hollow feed screw 215, the heating temperature control unit 23 heats and melts the wire 121, the hollow feed screw 215 rotates, and the wire 121 is extruded through the detachable nozzle 24.
The granular material extrusion unit 21 and the filamentous material extrusion unit 22 can extrude in different forms according to the instruction of the control system, and work cooperatively with the multi-mode feeding mechanism 1, so that the intelligent and personalized characteristics of the composite extrusion mechanism are reflected.
The heating temperature control unit 23 includes a heating aluminum block 230, a thermistor 231 and a high-power heating rod 232, the power of the high-power heating rod 232 is 70W, the high-power heating rod 232 is used for heating the heating aluminum block 230, the thermistor 231 can monitor the approximate temperature of the extrusion nozzle part, the heating temperature is about 250 ℃, and the metal-polymer composite material can be subjected to melt extrusion molding 3D printing.
The detachable nozzle 24 includes a left nozzle portion 240, a right nozzle portion 241, a nozzle snap ring 242 and a set screw 243, the manufacturing materials of the left nozzle portion 240 and the right nozzle portion 241 are tungsten carbide, the tungsten carbide nozzle is more resistant to high temperature than the brass nozzle, the left nozzle portion 240 and the right nozzle portion 241 are connected together through threads of the nozzle snap ring 242, and the set screw 243 locks the position, the set screw 243 can ensure that the left nozzle portion and the right nozzle portion of the nozzle snap ring 242 do not slide circumferentially, so that the extrusion of the materials is more stable. The detachable nozzle 24 improves the gloss and hardness of the nozzle surface through a nickel plating coating process, reduces the friction coefficient, ensures that consumable materials are not easy to adhere to the nozzle, can disassemble the nozzle when a plug occurs, quickly removes residual consumable materials, and improves the stability of the melt extrusion device while saving time.
The cooling and controlling unit 25 includes a control board 250, a control board bracket 251 and a cooling fan 252, the control board bracket 251 and the cooling fan 252 are directly connected to the part connection board 260 through bolts, the cooling fan 252, the feeding stepper motor 116, the extrusion stepper motor 210, the thermistor 231 and the high-power heating rod 232 are all connected to the control board 250 through wires, the control board 250 is fixed on the control board bracket 251, and the mounting height of the cooling fan 252 is equal to the mounting height of the extrusion charging barrel 218 and the control board 250, so that heat dissipation can be performed on the extrusion charging barrel 218 and the control board 250 at the same time, thereby ensuring that the granular material and the wire material cannot be heated and melted at the upper part of the extrusion charging barrel 218, and meanwhile, the control board 250 also avoids high-temperature threat.
Example 1
The metal-polymer composite material 3D printing melt extrusion device is utilized to form a part of the metal-polymer composite material, the basic size of the part is a rectangular block body with 18mmx15mmx10mm, the formed material is a filiform 316L-polyoxymethylene composite material, the printing layer height is 0.15mm, the nozzle temperature is 220 ℃, the hot bed temperature is 120 ℃, the printing speed is 35mm/s, and the filling is carried outThe density was 100%. The actual dimensions of the part printed in this example were 18.1mm x14.9mm x10.3mm and the green density was 4.5g/cm 3 。
Example 2
The metal-polymer composite material 3D printing melt extrusion device is utilized to form a metal-polymer composite material part, the basic size of the part is a cylinder with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 10mm, the formed material is a filiform 316L-polyoxymethylene composite material, the printing layer height is 0.15mm, the nozzle temperature is 250 ℃, the hot bed temperature is 120 ℃, the printing speed is 35mm/s, and the filling density is 100%. The actual dimensions of the parts printed in this example were 19.8mm in diameter, 10.1mm in height and 4.38g/cm in green density 3 。
Example 3
The metal-polymer composite material 3D printing melt extrusion device is utilized to form a part of the metal-polymer composite material, the basic size of the part is a rectangular block body with the size of 40mmx30mmx7mm, the formed material is a granular 316L-polyoxymethylene composite material, the printing layer height is 0.15mm, the nozzle temperature is 250 ℃, the hot bed temperature is 120 ℃, the screw speed is 35r/min, and the filling density is 100%. The actual dimensions of the part printed in this example were 43.2mm x32.3mm x6.5mm and the green density was 3.85g/cm 3 。
Example 4
The metal-polymer composite material 3D printing melt extrusion device is utilized to form a part of the metal-polymer composite material, the basic size of the part is a cylinder with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 10mm, the formed material is a granular 316L-polyoxymethylene composite material, the printing layer height is 0.15mm, the nozzle temperature is 250 ℃, the hot bed temperature is 120 ℃, the screw speed is 26r/min, and the filling density is 100%. The actual dimensions of the parts printed in this example were 21.5mm in diameter, 9.2mm in height and 4.05g/cm in green density 3 。
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present utility model may be varied in a number of ways without departing from the scope of the utility model. All such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of this claims.
Claims (4)
1. A melt extrusion device suitable for 3D printing of a metal-polymer composite material, which is characterized by comprising a multi-mode feeding mechanism (1) and a composite extrusion mechanism (2);
the multi-mode feeding mechanism (1) consists of a granular material feeding unit (11) and a filamentous material feeding unit (12) and is used for continuously providing granular materials or filamentous materials for the composite extrusion mechanism (2); the composite extrusion mechanism (2) comprises a granular material extrusion unit (21), a filament material extrusion unit (22), a heating temperature control unit (23), a detachable nozzle (24) and a cooling and control unit (25), wherein the granular material extrusion unit (21) and the filament material extrusion unit (22) are used for conveying granular materials or filament materials to the area where the heating temperature control unit (23) is located, and molten materials are extruded through the detachable nozzle (24) to realize the forming of the materials; the composite extrusion mechanism (2) is fixed on the 3D printer;
the granular material feeding unit (11) comprises a total bin (110), a small vibration motor (111), a conveying disc shell (112), a granular material conveying disc (113), a feeding deep groove ball bearing (114), a feeding speed reducer (115), a feeding stepping motor (116) and a feeding pipe (117), wherein the total bin (110) is used for storing granular metal-polymer composite materials, and the small vibration motor (111) is fixed at a flange opening of the total bin (110) in an adhesive mode and is used for preventing a blanking opening from being blocked; the granular material conveying disc (113) is arranged inside the conveying disc shell (112) and is connected with an output shaft of the feeding speed reducer (115) through a feeding deep groove ball bearing (114); the inlet of the granular material conveying disc (113) is communicated with the flange port of the total bin (110), and the outlet is communicated with the feeding pipe (117); the input shaft of the feeding speed reducer (115) is connected with the stepping motor (116) and is used for increasing the torque of the feeding stepping motor (116) so as to drive the internal granular material conveying disc (113) to rotate at a fixed angle, so that the granular materials in the granular material conveying disc (113) can quantitatively and continuously fall into the feeding pipe (117); the granular material falls into a small bin (217) through a feed pipe (117) by gravity;
the wire material feeding unit (12) comprises a wire material drum (120), a wire material (121), a wire material drum fixing piece (122) and a wire material drum shaft (123), wherein the wire material (121) is wound on the wire material drum (120), and the wire material drum (120) is arranged on the wire material drum shaft (123) and is fixed by the wire material drum fixing piece (122);
the granular material extrusion unit (21) comprises an extrusion stepping motor (210), an extrusion speed reducer (211), a speed reducer fixing frame (212), a driving gear (213), a driven gear (214), a hollow feeding screw (215), a screw fixing piece (216), a small bin (217), an extrusion charging barrel (218) and a charging barrel fixing piece (219);
the hollow feeding screw rod (215) is internally provided with a cavity for the wire (121) to pass through, and the screw rod fixing piece (216) is arranged at the periphery of the hollow feeding screw rod (215); the extrusion material cylinder (218) is connected with the small bin (217) through shaft hole interference fit, so that communication is realized; the extrusion barrel (218) is fixed through a barrel fixing piece (219), and the hollow feeding screw (215) extends into the bottom of the extrusion barrel (218); the extrusion speed reducer (211) is arranged on the speed reducer fixing frame (212) through threaded connection, an input shaft of the extrusion speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of the extrusion stepping motor (210), and the driving gear (213) is arranged on the output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer (211) and meshed with the driven gear (214); the hollow feeding screw rod (215) and the driven gear (214) are matched through a shaft hole to obtain rotary power, so that granular materials falling to the top of an extrusion cylinder (218) through a small storage bin (217) can be conveyed to a heating temperature control unit (23) for heating and melting, and the heated and melted metal-polymer composite materials are extruded through a detachable nozzle (24);
the wire material extrusion unit (22) comprises a first connecting shaft (220), a small clutch (221), a worm connecting shaft (222), a worm (223), a turbine (224), an extrusion deep groove ball bearing (225), a turbine shaft (226), a feeding pinion shaft (227), a spring (228) and a pinion shaft sliding piece (229);
the first connecting shaft (220) is arranged on an output shaft of the extrusion speed reducer (211), meanwhile, the first connecting shaft (220) is connected with a worm connecting shaft (222) through a small clutch (221), and a worm (223) is arranged on the worm connecting shaft (222) and meshed with a turbine (224); the turbine (224) is arranged on a turbine shaft (226), and the turbine shaft (226) is connected with the part connecting plate (260) through an extrusion deep groove ball bearing (225); the wire (121) passes between the turbine (224) and the pinion and extends into the hollow feeding screw (215); the pinion shaft (227) is mounted on a pinion shaft slider (229), one end of a spring (228) is fixed on a part connection plate (260), and the other end of the spring is used for tightly fixing the pinion shaft (227) by the action of spring force, and the pinion shaft (227) is used for assisting the turbine (224) to clamp the wire (121).
2. The melt extrusion apparatus suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature control unit (23) comprises a heating aluminum block (230), a thermistor (231) and a high power heating rod (232), the high power heating rod (232) is used for heating the heating aluminum block (230), and the thermistor (231) is used for monitoring the temperature of the extrusion nozzle part.
3. The melt extrusion apparatus for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials according to claim 2, wherein the detachable nozzle (24) comprises a nozzle left part (240), a nozzle right part (241), a nozzle snap ring (242) and a set screw (243), the manufacturing materials of the nozzle left part (240) and the nozzle right part (241) are tungsten carbide, the nozzle left part (240) and the nozzle right part (241) are connected together through threads of the nozzle snap ring (242), and the set screw (243) is used for ensuring that the nozzle snap ring (242) and the left and right parts of the nozzle do not slide circumferentially through the set screw (243) locking positions.
4. A melt extrusion apparatus suitable for 3D printing of metal-polymer composite materials according to claim 3, wherein the cooling and control unit (25) comprises a control board (250), a control board bracket (251) and a cooling fan (252), the control board bracket (251) and the cooling fan (252) are directly connected to the part connecting plate (260) through bolts, the cooling fan (252), the feeding stepper motor (116), the extrusion stepper motor (210), the thermistor (231) and the high-power heating rod (232) are all connected to the control board (250) through wires, and the control board (250) is fixed on the control board bracket (251).
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