CN115053723A - Seedling raising device and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Seedling raising device and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115053723A CN115053723A CN202210674175.5A CN202210674175A CN115053723A CN 115053723 A CN115053723 A CN 115053723A CN 202210674175 A CN202210674175 A CN 202210674175A CN 115053723 A CN115053723 A CN 115053723A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K7/00—Watering equipment for stock or game
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
- F21V3/02—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by the shape
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
- F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
- F21V3/06—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a seedling raising device which uses multilayer shelf type plant cultivation devices (3-8) to cultivate seedlings and is provided with a lighting device (13), and is characterized in thatThe lighting device (13) is provided with: a semiconductor light source and a resin cover (13b) for diffusing the light from the semiconductor light source, wherein the lighting device (13) is used for every 1m of the cultivation surface of each shelf 2 And the light beam output from the lighting device is 17000 lumens or more.
Description
The patent application of the invention is a divisional application proposed for an application with the application date of 2018, 1 and 23, and the application number of 201880015652.9, and the name of the invention is 'seedling cultivation device and seedling cultivation method'.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method for cultivating seedlings, and more particularly, to a seedling cultivation apparatus and a seedling cultivation method for cultivating seedlings that are easy to survive and grow well even when transplanted in a field using sunlight. In the present invention, a seedling refers to a young plant used for transplanting in other cultivation places such as a greenhouse and a field.
Background
The production of seedlings of various plants has been the mainstream of horticultural crop farmers at home. However, as the commonly said "seedling succeeds half the time", the technology required for producing seedlings of various plants is advanced, and troublesome and cumbersome, and therefore the purchased seedlings are utilized instead. This is because, in recent years, farmers have become older and labor-saving, and farmers have become industrialized and scaled up in horticultural crops, and thus, the progress has been made while utilizing the labor saving of purchased seedlings and the professional trend of focusing only on the production of horticultural crops. Under such circumstances, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for seedlings to be purchased, and farmers who focus only on the production of seedlings and companies who perform the production of seedlings are also increasing.
Even if the seedling producer is a professional farmer, a large-scale enterprise, the production of seedlings is performed by the following method or the like: (A) a method of producing by using natural light outdoors, (B) a method of producing by using natural light in a greenhouse, and (C) a method of producing by using artificial light in a closed environment.
When seedlings are produced by the methods (A) and (B), they are greatly influenced by weather, climate, particularly amount of sunshine and temperature. For example, in strong sunshine and high temperature in summer, seedling production itself is difficult, and there are plants that must be grown in high cold to avoid this situation. In addition, the seedling quality is affected by the outside of the greenhouse, and under strong sunshine in summer, the temperature in the greenhouse becomes high, and it is difficult to produce the seedling smoothly, so that the commercialization rate of the seedling, the operation rate of the greenhouse, and the like are reduced, and the production cost of the seedling is increased. Thus, the production and shipment of the seedlings are easily affected by weather and climate, and thus it is not easy to stably produce uniform and high-quality seedlings.
The method for producing seedlings according to the above (C) is a method for stably producing high-quality seedlings in an artificial environment using an air conditioner, an artificial light source, a carbon dioxide fertilizer applicator, and a watering device in a closed structure covered with a heat insulating wall that does not transmit natural light. Under a closed environment, various environmental conditions such as irradiation light quality, illumination intensity, illumination time, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, watering amount, fertilizing concentration and the like of the seedlings can be adjusted to a state optimum for the growth of the seedlings.
In recent years, in the course of the spread of the seedling production method of the above (C), cultivation using an LED as artificial light has been reported (patent documents 1, 2 and 3). However, there is a problem that seedlings grown by such a cultivation method cannot wither in response to rapid environmental changes when transplanted into a field using sunlight, and the quality of seedlings is lowered, or the seedlings grow slowly and wither.
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2013-062438
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open No. 2014-061004
Patent document 3: international publication No. 2014/125714
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a seedling cultivation apparatus and a seedling cultivation method capable of producing seedlings that can be stably cultivated with high quality even when transplanted in a field using sunlight.
The gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1]A seedling cultivation device for cultivating seedlings by using a multilayer shelf type plant cultivation device and having an illumination device, the illumination device comprising: a semiconductor light source and a resin cover for diffusing light from the semiconductor light source, wherein the lighting device is used for every 1m of the cultivation surface of each shelf 2 And the light beam output from the lighting device is 17000 lumens or more.
[2]In [1]]On the basis of the seedling cultivation device, the seedling cultivation device is characterized in that the lighting deviceWherein the average photosynthetically active photon flux measured at a distance of 20cm from the outer surface of the enclosure is 150 μmol/m 2 More than sec.
[3] The seedling cultivation device according to item [1] or [2], characterized in that the height of the cover is 40mm or less.
[4] The seedling culture device according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the semiconductor light source has a first emission peak wavelength in a range of 400 to 480nm and a second emission peak wavelength in a range of 500 to 620nm, and a half-spectrum amplitude of the second emission peak wavelength is 100nm or more.
[5] The seedling culture apparatus according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the culture apparatus is disposed in a closed structure, and the closed structure is provided with an air conditioning device and a watering device for watering the seedlings.
[6] A seedling cultivation method using the seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [5 ].
According to the present invention, seedlings which can be stably cultivated with high quality can be produced even when transplanted in a field using sunlight.
Drawings
Fig. 1a and 1b are horizontal sectional views of a cultivation device according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2a is a sectional view taken along line IIa-IIa of FIG. 1a, and FIG. 2b is a sectional view taken along line IIb-IIb of FIG. 1 a.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation device of the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a tray of the multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation device of the embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the tray of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a bottom view of the box provided with the illumination device.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of a tray of a multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation device according to other embodiments.
Detailed Description
The seedling cultivation device of the present invention is a cultivation device for cultivating seedlings by using a multilayer shelf type plant cultivation device and having an illumination device, and is characterized in that the illumination device comprises: a semiconductor light source and a resin cover for diffusing light from the semiconductor light source, wherein the lighting device is used for every 1m of the cultivation surface of each shelf 2 And the light beam output from the lighting device is 17000 lumens or more.
The lighting device is arranged for every 1m of the cultivation surface of each shelf 2 It is important that the light beam output from the lighting device is 17000 lumens or more, preferably 20,000 lumens or more, more preferably 22,000 lumens or more, still more preferably 24,000 lumens or more, and particularly preferably 27,000 lumens or more.
Although for every 1m of the cultivation surface of each shelf 2 The upper limit of the light beam output from the lighting device is not particularly limited, but is preferably 110,000 lumens or less, more preferably 90,000 lumens or less, and still more preferably 70,000 lumens or less. By arranging each shelf at a distance of 1m 2 The light beam output from the lighting device is in the above range, so that the seedlings can be stably produced even if the seedlings are transplanted to a field or a greenhouse using sunlight after the seedling culture is finished.
Although the shape of the illumination device of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferable to provide a long illumination device along the longitudinal direction of the cultivation shelf in consideration of the ease of mounting the illumination device to the cultivation device and the maintenance such as replacement.
In the case of a lighting device provided with a plurality of (a plurality of) long strips, the total luminous flux per strip is preferably 5000 lumens or more, more preferably 5500 lumens or more, still more preferably 6000 lumens or more, and particularly preferably 6500 lumens or more.
In the above lighting device, the average photosynthetically active photon flux measured at a position 20cm from the outer surface (light exit surface) of the cover is preferably 150. mu. mol/m 2 More preferably 170 μmol/sec or more, more preferably 170 μmol/mlm 2 At least sec, more preferably 200. mu. mol/m 2 More than sec. By setting the average photosynthetically active photon flux measured at a position 20cm from the outer surface (light emitting surface) of the cover to the above-described value, photosynthesis of seedlings can be performed more efficiently, and occurrence of overgrowth and weak growth can be further suppressed, which is preferable.
The cover height (H in fig. 9) of the resin cover of the lighting device is preferably 40mm or less, more preferably 35mm or less, still more preferably 30mm or less, and particularly preferably 25mm or less. By setting the height of the cover to the above range, the height of each layer of the multi-layer cultivation shelf can be secured to be wide, and a larger number of layers of shelves can be provided at the same height.
The semiconductor light source of the lighting device preferably has a first emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480 nm. By having the first light emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480nm, internode elongation of the seedling can be suppressed, and a strong seedling with a short hypocotyl can be cultivated.
Preferably 500 to 620nm, more preferably 500 to 610nm, and even more preferably 500 to 600nm, and the second peak wavelength of the second emission peak half spectrum amplitude is preferably 100nm or more, more preferably 120nm or more, and even more preferably 140nm or more. By setting the wavelength of the semiconductor light source of the lighting device in the above range, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of abnormalities in the formation of the seedling, and to cultivate normal seedlings.
The semiconductor light source of the illumination device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and organic EL, laser, LED, or the like can be used. In consideration of power consumption, an LED is preferably used.
In the seedling culture apparatus of the present invention, the 20% uniformity of the average photosynthetically active photon flux (the ratio of the area of the culture surface that enters within ± 20% of the average photosynthetically active photon flux) on the culture surface of each culture shelf is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more, and still more preferably 80% or more. By setting the 20% uniformity of the average photosynthetically active photon flux of each cultivation shelf within the above range, it is possible to suppress the variation in the cultivation speed of the seedlings cultivated on each shelf, and to produce more homogeneous seedlings.
The 20% uniformity of the average photosynthetically active photon flux (the proportion of the area of the cultivation surface that falls within ± 20% of the average photosynthetically active photon flux) is a result of measurement in which the measurement surface is divided into 5cm cells in the measurement of the position 20cm from the light source. The measurement of the average photosynthetically active photon flux is data when the reflectance of the measurement ground is set to be 5% or less of the black body.
The seedling cultivation device of the present invention is preferably arranged in a closed structure, and the closed structure is provided with an air conditioner and a watering device for watering the seedlings.
In one aspect of the present invention, the cultivation apparatus includes a cultivation module having an open front surface, and the cultivation module forms a seedling raising space by arranging a plurality of seedling raising shelves in a vertical direction.
A preferred embodiment of the seedling cultivation apparatus will be described with reference to fig. 1a to 9 and 10. As shown in fig. 1a to 2b, a plurality of (six in the illustrated example) box-shaped multi-deck plant growing devices (growing modules) 3 to 8 are provided in a room of a closed building structure 1 which is completely light-shielding and surrounded by heat-insulating wall surfaces. The room 1 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and a door 2 is provided on one of the short-side direction wall surfaces 1 i.
In this embodiment, three multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 5 are arranged in a row with their open front faces facing in the same direction, and three multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation devices 6 to 8 are also arranged in a row with their open front faces facing in the same direction, so that two rows of multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation devices are arranged in a room with their open front faces facing each other. Hereinafter, the extending direction of the rows of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 (the longitudinal direction of the room) may be referred to as the Y direction, and the short direction of the room (the direction in which the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 5 and the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 6 to 8 face each other) may be referred to as the X direction. A space A is provided between the two rows of multi-layer shelf type plant cultivation devices 3-5 and 6-8, and the space A can be operated by one or more operators. A space B having a width of about 50 to 500mm is provided between the walls 1j, 1k in the longitudinal direction of the room and the back surfaces of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8, thereby forming a passage for air passing through the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8.
One end side of the row of the multi-layer shelf type plant cultivation devices 3-5, 6-8 is abutted against the building wall surface 1h on the opposite side of the door 2. The other end side of the row of the multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 5, 6 to 8 is slightly apart from the wall surface 1i on the door 2 side.
Even when the heated air flows into the space a from the space apart from the wall surface 1i on the door 2 side, a control plate for suppressing the flow can be provided at an appropriate place.
If an air curtain is provided inside the door 2 for entering and exiting the room, it is preferable that outside air does not enter when an operator enters and exits.
In this embodiment, the plant growing device is a seedling raising device. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, each of the multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8 includes: the base 3c, the left and right side panels 3a, the back panel 3b on the back side, and the top panel 3e on the top side are provided with a box-shaped structure having an open front side. Inside the box-shaped structure, a plurality of seedling shelves 12 are arranged in a plurality of stages at constant intervals in the vertical direction.
The height of each multi-layer shelf type plant cultivation device 3-8 is preferably about 2000mm which is the height of the operator capable of working, and the width of the seedling cultivation shelf 12 is as follows: a plurality of resin-made plug trays in which several tens to several hundreds of plugs (small pots) are arranged in a grid can be arranged, and the temperature and humidity of the upper space of each shelf 12 can be adjusted to a constant width, for example, about 1000mm to 2000mm, and the depth of each seedling-raising shelf 12 is preferably 500mm to 1000 mm. A plurality of plug trays 40 (see fig. 7) are placed substantially horizontally on each seedling-raising shelf 12. The dimensions of a well plate are typically about 300mm wide and 600mm deep.
The seedling raising shelf 12 at the lowermost layer is placed on the pedestal 3 c. The levelness of the seedling raising shelf 12 can be adjusted by an adjuster (not shown) provided on the base 3 c.
Each seedling raising shelf 12 is provided with a watering device 30 described later.
A box 14 is provided on the lower surface of each of the seedling raising shelves 12 and the top plate 3e on the second or higher layer from below, and a plurality of (three in this embodiment) lighting devices 13 are provided in the box 14. The illumination device 13 is configured to irradiate the plants growing in the plug 40 of the seedling-raising shelf 12 with light. In this embodiment, the cartridge 14 other than the uppermost portion is attached to the lower surface of a watering tray 31 described later.
As the light source of the illumination device 13, a semiconductor light source such as an LED is preferable.
The detailed structure of the lighting device 13 is shown in fig. 8 and 9. Fig. 8 is a bottom view of the box 14 provided with the lighting device 13, and fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX of fig. 8.
An elongated opening 14a is provided in a bottom plate 14b of the case 14, and the illumination device 13 is provided so as to fit into the opening 14 a. The lighting device 13 includes: a case 13c provided in the case 14 so as to face the opening 14a, a semiconductor light source 13a provided in the case 13c, and a cover 13b made of synthetic resin covering the lower surface of the case 13 c. The cover 13b is detachably attached to the housing 13 c. A switch 13s is provided on the lower surface of the case 14.
The cartridge 14 is a box-like body having a rectangular top plate 14t and a bottom plate 14 b.
A plurality of (three in this embodiment) openings 14a are provided in a direction parallel to the long side of the rectangular bottom plate 14b, and the case 13c is an elongated long box-like body having an open lower surface, and the lower end is fitted into the opening 14 a.
The semiconductor light source 13a provided in the case 13c includes, although not shown: the light source device includes a substrate, a plurality of LEDs as semiconductor light sources provided on the substrate, and a circuit for driving the LEDs. The substrate extends in the longitudinal direction of the case 13c, and the LEDs are provided with a space in the longitudinal direction.
A gap of about 3 to 30mm is left between the case 13c and the top plate 14t of the cartridge 14. The heat generated in the lighting device 13 is transferred to the bottom plate 14b and released from the bottom plate 14 b. That is, air flowing to the seedling raising space below the lighting device 13 is transmitted.
Since the case 13c and the cartridge top 14t are thus spaced apart from each other, heat transferred from the light source and its drive circuit to the top 14t is significantly reduced. It is possible to prevent the nutrient solution flowing on the watering tray 31 and the root zone of the plant planted in the plug 40 from being heated by the heat of the lighting device 13.
The cover 13b is an elongated curved plate-like body having a circular arc-shaped or substantially elliptical arc-shaped longitudinal section and extending along the opening 14 a. The cover 13b diffuses light from the LED and emits the light downward. In this embodiment, the lower surface of the cover 13b is a light exit surface. The cover 13b is provided to project downward. The height H of the cover 13b protruding from the bottom plate 14b is 40mm or less.
As shown in fig. 4, ventilation openings are provided in the back panel 3b behind the spaces (seedling raising spaces) between the seedling raising shelves 12 and between the uppermost seedling raising shelf 12 and the top panel 3e, and air fans 15 are attached to the ventilation openings, respectively.
Preferably, the air fans 15 are provided on the back surfaces of the seedling raising spaces, respectively, so that the air flows in the seedling raising spaces are uniform.
An air conditioner 9 is installed in an upper part of the room, and the air conditioner 9 has a function of circulating air for adjusting the temperature and humidity of the air in the room and setting the temperature and humidity to set conditions. The air conditioner 9 includes: an air conditioner main body (air conditioner) 9A having a heat exchanger, and an air direction control plate 10 attached to a lower surface of the air conditioner main body 9A. The compressor of the air conditioner main body 9A is installed outside the building structure 1.
In this embodiment, the air conditioner main body 9A is located at the upper portion of the center of the room in a plan view of the room. An air inlet 9A of the air conditioner main body 9A is provided in a lower surface of the air conditioner main body 9A, and an opening 10a is provided in the airflow direction control plate 10 at a position overlapping the air inlet 9A.
The air conditioner main body 9A is attached to the ceiling 1t of the building structure, and has a structure in which a side surface thereof is exposed to the room. Air outlets 9b are provided on four side surfaces of the air conditioner main body 9A.
The periphery of the opening 10a of the airflow direction control plate 10 overlaps with the periphery of the intake port 9A of the air conditioner main body 9A. The opening 10a is the same size as the intake port 9a or larger than the intake port 9 a.
The wind direction control plate 10 is supported by the ceiling 1t by a hanger (not shown).
One end side of the wind direction control plate 10 in the Y direction abuts on the wall surface 1 h. The other end side of the wind direction control plate 10 in the Y direction extends to the wall surface 1i side of the multi-shelf type plant growing devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8, but slightly away from the wall surface 1 i. A rising plate 10r is erected over the entire length of the side portion of the other end side of the wind direction control plate 10, and the upper end of the rising plate 10r abuts against the ceiling 1 t.
The wind direction control plate 10 extends in the X direction between the ceiling 1t and the upper surface of the multi-deck plant cultivation device 3-8.
As shown in fig. 2a, both ends of the air direction control plate 10 in the X direction are positioned vertically above the front surface of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 5 and the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 6 to 8 on the space a side, or behind the front surface, that is, on the space B side. The horizontal distance L between the X-direction both ends of the wind direction control plate 10 and the front surface of each of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 5, 6 to 8 may be 0mm, but is preferably 30mm or more, more preferably 40mm or more, still more preferably 90mm or more, and still more preferably 140mm or more.
In this embodiment, the air direction control plate 10 is located between both ends in the X direction and the ceiling 1t to serve as the air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9. The air outlet 9f may overlap the front surfaces of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8 in a plan view of the cultivation device, but is preferably located at the distance L from the rear of the front surfaces of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8.
In this embodiment, the air inlet 9A of the air conditioner main body 9A serves as an air inlet of the air conditioner 9. The air inlet is positioned in front of the front surfaces of the multi-shelf type plant growing devices 3 to 8, that is, on the side of the space A in a plan view of the growing device.
By operating the air fan 15, a circulating flow of air shown by the arrows in fig. 2a is generated in the room. That is, the air whose temperature and humidity are adjusted by the air conditioner 9 is sucked into the seedling raising spaces of the respective floors of the seedling raising shelves 12 from the space a on the open front side of the multi-floor shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8, is discharged from the air fan 15 toward the rear of the back panel 3B, rises through the space B between the rear of the back panel 3B and the wall surface of the building, passes through the upper space C of the multi-floor shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8, is mixed with the air blown out from the air conditioner 9 to be adjusted in temperature and humidity, passes through the space between the airflow direction control plate 10 and the multi-floor shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8, and is blown out again into the space a on the open front side of the multi-floor shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8.
Part of the air that has passed between the airflow direction control plate 10 and the multi-shelf type plant growth devices 3 to 8 and is intended to flow into the space a is sucked through the opening 10a from the air inlet 9A of the air conditioner main body 9A, is subjected to temperature and humidity control, and is then blown out from the air outlet 9f through the air outlet 9 b.
As shown in fig. 1a to 2b, when two rows of multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 5 and multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 6 to 8 are arranged to form a working space therebetween, the working space also functions as a space a for air circulation, and an effective circulation flow is formed.
When the circulating flow passes through each of the seedling raising spaces of the multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8, the circulating flow is circulated by continuously adjusting the temperature and humidity of the circulating flow by the air conditioner 9 by circulating the circulating flow together with the steam evaporated from the watering device, the culture medium, the plants, and the like and the heat released from the lighting device 13, thereby maintaining the room in a temperature and humidity environment optimum for the growth of the plants. The flow velocity of the air flowing in the space for growing seedlings is preferably 0.1m/sec or more, more preferably 0.2m/sec or more, and further preferably 0.3m/sec or more. Since there is a possibility that the plant growth may be caused if the speed of the air flow is too high, it is generally preferably 2.0m/sec or less.
In this embodiment, the air flow is made to flow from the front surface of the seedling raising space to the space B on the back surface side of the shelf in a negative pressure state via the fan 15, but may be made to flow from the back surface side of the shelf to the front surface side in a positive pressure state. However, the air flows from the front side to the back side of the shelf in a negative pressure state, so that the air flow in the seedling raising space becomes uniform.
In this embodiment, the structure is: the watering tray 31 of the watering device (bottom surface watering device) 30 constitutes a shelf board of each seedling raising shelf 12, and watering is performed from the bottom surface of the hole tray 40 placed on the watering tray 31. An example of the structure of the watering device 30 will be described with reference to fig. 5 to 7.
The watering device 30 has a quadrangular watering tray 31, and the watering tray 31 has a bottom plate 31d having side walls 31a, 31b, 31c erected on the rear side and the left and right sides. A drain groove 32 is provided in front of the watering tray 31 without side walls so as to be connected to the bottom plate 31d, and a drain port 32a is formed at one end of the drain groove 32. The drain groove 32 and the bottom plate 31d are partitioned by a weir 34, and the nutrient solution is configured to flow out from the cut-out portions 34a at both ends of the weir 34 to the drain groove 32. A water supply pipe 33 for supplying a nutrient solution into the watering tray 31 is provided along the rear side wall 31a of the watering tray 31, and the nutrient solution is supplied to the tray 31 through a plurality of small holes 33a provided in the water supply pipe 33.
A plurality of ribs 35 having a height of about 7mm are arranged to extend in parallel with each other on the upper surface of the watering tray bottom plate 31d toward the drain groove 32, and a plug 40 is placed on the ribs 35.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the watering tray 31 is placed on the seedling raising shelves 12 of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8, the drain grooves 32 of the watering device 30 have a size protruding from the open front surfaces of the cultivation devices 3 to 8. By projecting the drainage groove 32 from the open front of the cultivating device, the nutrient solution discharged from the drainage port 32a of the drainage groove 32 of the watering tray 31 placed on each floor of the seedling-raising shelf 12 is collected and easily drained to the outside of the building structure 1.
When the nutrient solution is continuously supplied from the small hole 33a of the water supply pipe 33 provided in the watering device 30, the nutrient solution is blocked by the weir 34 and accumulated to a predetermined water level, and the state of the pond is achieved. While the nutrient solution is supplied from the water supply pipe 33, the nutrient solution flows out little by little from the cutout portion 34a to the drain groove 32. It is preferable to maintain a water level of about 10 to 12mm in the watering tray 31 by adjusting the amount of the nutrient solution supplied and the amount of the liquid flowing out from the cut portion 34 a. By capillary action, water is drawn from the well holes 42 formed in the bottom surfaces of the wells 41 of the well plate 40 placed on the rib 35 toward the culture medium in the wells, and the culture medium in all the wells 41 is saturated with water in a short time.
A box 14 is attached to the lower surface of the bottom plate 31d of the watering tray 31. In this embodiment, the top plate 14t of the box 14 directly contacts the lower surface of the watering tray 31, but a spacer or a heat insulator may be interposed.
In the watering device 30, as shown in fig. 7, the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d of the watering tray 31 is inclined in the direction of the drain groove 32. This enables the nutrient solution to be discharged to the drain tank 32 in a short time when watering is stopped. When the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d is inclined, the height of the rib 35 is changed to make the top 35a of the rib horizontal, thereby keeping the plug 40 placed on the rib 35 horizontal.
Fig. 10 is a view showing another example of the watering device used in the present invention, and the same components as those in fig. 5 to 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In this watering device 30', when the hole trays 40 are placed on the watering tray bottom plate 31d, the lower tray 50 is sandwiched between the watering tray bottom plate 31d and the hole trays 40. The lower tray 50 has a rigidity enough to support the well plate 40 containing the culture medium in each well 41, and has a plurality of small holes 51 formed in the bottom wall surface thereof and a plurality of protrusions 52 formed on the back surface thereof. When the hole plate 40 is housed in the watering tray together with the lower tray 50, these protrusions 52 function as gap maintaining means for maintaining a gap between the watering tray bottom plate 31d and the bottom surface of the hole plate 40.
In the watering device 30' of fig. 10, even when the nutrient solution is supplied from the water supply pipe 33 and the water is in a pond state at a predetermined water level, the nutrient solution is introduced into the lower tray 50 through the small holes 51 of the lower tray 50, and water is drawn up to the culture medium in each hole from the hole 42 formed in the bottom surface of each hole 41 of the hole tray 40 by capillary action.
In fig. 10, a box 14 having a lighting device 13 is attached to the lower surface of a watering tray bottom plate 31 d.
As described above, the hole tray 40 placed on the watering tray 31 is a tray-shaped member in which several tens to several hundreds of holes 41 are arranged in a grid pattern, and the size of one hole tray is about 300mm in width and 600mm in depth, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In order to artificially supply carbon dioxide consumed by photosynthesis, as shown in fig. 1, carbon dioxide is supplied from a carbon dioxide gas cylinder 16 so that a liquefied carbon dioxide gas cylinder 16 is provided outside a building structure 1 and the carbon dioxide concentration in a room measured by a carbon dioxide concentration measuring device is constant.
By using the seedling raising device to raise seedlings, the environmental conditions such as light quantity, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and moisture suitable for the growth of the seedlings can be automatically adjusted. In addition, since all the seedlings on each seedling raising shelf can grow in the same environment, the uniformity of the quality of the obtained seedlings can be improved.
In this embodiment, since the air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9 is located 30mm or more behind the front surface of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8, the air heated by the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8 (cultivation modules) and the air cooled by the air conditioner 9 flow into the space a in a mixed state. Thus, the air flowing into the space A becomes air with a uniform temperature and is taken into each of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8.
When the air cooled by the air conditioner 9 directly flows into the space a, the partially cooled air is taken in from the front of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8, and therefore, temperature unevenness occurs between the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices 3 to 8, and the growth of plants is uneven.
In this embodiment, since the air conditioner main body 9 is integrated with the airflow direction control plate 10, it is not necessary to provide many pipes and the like, which is preferable.
In the multi-shelf type plant cultivation apparatus, heat of the illumination device 13 is transferred to the box bottom plate 14b which also serves as a reflection plate, and is transferred from the bottom plate 14b to air flowing in the seedling raising space. The heat transfer from the lighting means 13 to the upper watering tray 31 is significantly reduced. The temperature of the nutrient solution on the watering tray 31 is thus controlled to a prescribed range.
In the present invention, the ratio Wb/Wa of the total cooling capacity (Wb) of all the air conditioners 9 to the total power consumption (Wa) of all the lighting devices 13 is preferably 1 or more and 5 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 4 or less, further preferably 1 or more and 3 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or more and 2 or less. By setting Wb/Wa to the above range, the environment in the closed space can be appropriately and constantly maintained, and further, the change in the environment due to the on/off of the air conditioner can be reduced. When the power consumption of each lighting device is Ws, the number of lighting devices is n, the cooling capacity of one air conditioner is Wk, and the number of air conditioners is m, Wb/Wa is expressed by the following formula a.
A＝Wb/Wa
＝(Wk×m)/(Ws×n)
m: air conditioner
n: number of lighting devices
The above embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the size of the room and the number of the multi-shelf type plant cultivation devices may be other than the above. The air conditioner main body may be provided outside the center portion. Although two or more air conditioner main bodies may be provided, it is preferable to use as few as possible.
Examples
[ example 1]
Spinach seedlings were cultivated by using a cultivation apparatus having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, with the temperature inside the apparatus being controlled to 16 to 25 ℃.
The lighting device 13 is arranged as follows.
Size of shelf (cultivation surface): width 1.2m and depth 0.6m
Number of lighting devices 13 per shelf: three (as shown in the figure)
Total luminous flux of one lighting device 13: 6900 lumen
For each 1m of cultivation surface of each shelf 2 And the light beam output from the lighting device: first peak wavelength of emission of 28750 lumen LED emitter: 450nm
Second emission peak wavelength of LED emitter: 590nm (half-spectrum amplitude: 150nm)
Height H of cover 13 b: 20mm
Average photosynthetically active photon flux of the cultivation surface: 205 μmol/m 2 /sec
20% uniformity of photosynthetically active photon flux of the cultivation surface: 84 percent
Total cooling capacity (Wb) of air conditioner: 5.6kW
Total power consumption (Wa) of the lighting device: 3.2kW
As a result, they have found that seedlings which can be stably and excellently cultivated can be produced even when transplanted to a field using sunlight.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
The present application is based on japanese patent application 2017-042967, filed on 3/7/2017, and is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Description of reference numerals: 1 … enclosed building construction; 3-8 … multi-layer shelf type plant cultivation device; 3a … side panel; 3b … back panel; 3c … stand-off; 3e … top panel; 9 … air conditioning equipment; 9a … air conditioner main body; 9a … air inlet; 9b … discharge port; the 9f … outlet; 10 … wind direction control plate; 10a … opening; 12 … seedling raising shelf; 13 … lighting device; 13a … semiconductor light source; 13b … cover; 13c … housing; 13s … switch; 14 … box; 14a … opening; 15 … air fan; 16 … carbon dioxide cylinders; 30. 30' … watering means; 31 … watering tray; 31d … bottom panel; 32 … drainage channel; 32a … drain outlet; 33 … water supply pipe; 33a … pores; 34, 34 … a weir; 34a … cutout; 35 … fins; 40 … plug; 41 … points; 42 … aperture; 50 … lower tray; 51 … small holes; 52 ….
Claims (7)
1. A seedling raising device is a seedling raising device which uses a multilayer shelf type plant raising device to culture seedlings and is provided with a lighting device, and is characterized in that,
the lighting device is provided with: a semiconductor light source and a resin cover for diffusing light from the semiconductor light source,
in the lighting device, the average photosynthetically active photon flux measured at a distance of 20cm from the outer surface of the cover is 150 [ mu ] mol/m 2 More than sec.
2. A device for raising seedlings according to claim 1,
the lighting device is arranged for every 1m of the cultivation surface of each shelf 2 And the light beam output from the lighting device is 17000 lumens or more.
3. A device for raising seedlings according to claim 1 or 2,
the height of the cover is 40mm or less.
4. A seedling raising device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3,
the semiconductor light source has a first emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480nm and a second emission peak wavelength in the range of 500 to 620nm,
the half-spectrum amplitude of the second luminescence peak wavelength is more than 100 nm.
5. A seedling raising device, which is characterized in that,
the average photosynthetically active photon flux uniformity of the cultivation surface of each cultivation shelf, i.e. the proportion of the area of the cultivation surface entering within + -20% of the average photosynthetically active photon flux, is more than 70%.
6. A seedling raising device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4,
the cultivation device is arranged in a closed structure, and is provided with an air conditioning device and a watering device for watering the seedlings in the closed structure.
7. A seedling raising method is characterized in that,
a seedling raising device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017042967 | 2017-03-07 | ||
| JP2017-042967 | 2017-03-07 | ||
| CN201880015652.9A CN110381729A (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2018-01-23 | Seedling culture apparatus and seedling cultural method |
| PCT/JP2018/001976 WO2018163629A1 (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2018-01-23 | Rice seedling cultivation device and rice seedling cultivation method |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201880015652.9A Division CN110381729A (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2018-01-23 | Seedling culture apparatus and seedling cultural method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115053723A true CN115053723A (en) | 2022-09-16 |
Family
ID=63448239
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210674175.5A Pending CN115053723A (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2018-01-23 | Seedling raising device and seedling raising method |
| CN201880015652.9A Pending CN110381729A (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2018-01-23 | Seedling culture apparatus and seedling cultural method |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201880015652.9A Pending CN110381729A (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2018-01-23 | Seedling culture apparatus and seedling cultural method |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7382229B2 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN115053723A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2018229982A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018163629A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7123779B2 (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2022-08-23 | 株式会社プランテックス | plant cultivation equipment |
| CN112715199A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 安徽世林照明股份有限公司 | Plant lighting lamp and system |
| US20240122127A1 (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2024-04-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Cultivation greenhouse |
| JP7282225B1 (en) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-05-26 | 株式会社ファームシップ | Cultivation equipment |
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|---|---|
| JPWO2018163629A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
| CN110381729A (en) | 2019-10-25 |
| AU2018229982A1 (en) | 2019-09-19 |
| WO2018163629A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
| JP7382229B2 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
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