CN115040540A - 喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶促进肝脏胰腺发育活性和应用 - Google Patents
喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶促进肝脏胰腺发育活性和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶促进肝脏胰腺发育的应用。本发明通过文冠木喂食奶绵羊,获取奶绵羊羊奶,再利用Tg转基因荧光斑马鱼模型证实喂食文冠木后的羊奶具有显著的促进肝脏胰腺发育作用,同时发现羊奶中槲皮素、杨梅素、3‑氧代甘遂‑7,24‑二烯‑21‑酸的含量出现了显著升高(p<0.05),齐墩果酸、大黄素‑3‑甲醚和文冠酸的含量出现了极显著升高(p<0.01)。本发明公开的喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶的新活性能有助于提高其商业价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,涉及文冠木喂食奶绵羊后羊奶的生物活性及用途。
背景技术
文冠木是无患子科植物文冠木(Xanthocerassorbifolia Bunge)的干燥茎干或枝条部位,为民族医学实践中惯用药材,其应用历史悠久。文冠木主要分布于我国东北、华北、西北等地,主产于内蒙古。现代研究表明,文冠木中含有黄酮类、三萜类等物质,主要具有抗炎、抗氧化、镇痛、活血、抑菌等作用。挖掘文冠木的新活性和新作用对文冠木产业的发展和维护人们的健康具有重要意义。
奶绵羊产业是奶业的重要组成部分,是奶业中的小众特色产业。全球奶绵羊产业主要集中在地中海地区、中东地区和非洲部分国家。国内奶绵羊产业主要分布在内蒙古和甘肃等地,是当地的特色畜牧产业。绵羊奶是一种营养素种类较齐全、组成比例适宜,容易消化吸收、营养价值较高的优质天然食品,是各年龄段健康人群以及婴幼儿、老人、病人等特殊人群的理想食品。
本发明公开了喂食文冠木后的绵羊奶具有促进肝脏胰腺发育的新用途,提高羊奶的营养价值,增强了羊奶的保健作用,赋予了羊奶更高的商业价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供喂食文冠木后奶绵羊羊奶的新用途和价值。
本发明采用下述技术方案:
喂食文冠木后羊奶的制备:文冠木用粉碎机制成粉末,灌胃或混合饲料喂食奶绵羊,机器或人工取奶。
喂食文冠木后羊奶新用途的活性测定:将邻苯二甲酸单-2-乙基己基酯(MEHP)溶于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)配成母液。实验组分为空白组、MEHP模型组、MEHP+喂食文冠木后羊奶组、MEHP+空白羊奶组,与Tg转基因荧光斑马鱼仔鱼共培养,用荧光显微镜进行斑马鱼肝脏、胰腺发育状况的观测,用ImageJ软件进行荧光面积和长度的测定。
进一步的,喂食文冠木后羊奶显示出比空白羊奶更好的促进肝脏胰腺发育的活性。
本发明的优点及新发现为:
发现和公开了喂食文冠木后的羊奶具有显著的促进肝脏胰腺发育的活性和作用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为喂食文冠木后羊奶中活性成分含量的变化图(*代表p<0.05,**代表P<0.01);
图2为灌胃文冠木和混合饲料饲喂文冠木后羊奶中脂肪酸含量变化图(*代表p<0.05,**代表P<0.01);
图3为饲喂文冠木后羊奶环境中斑马鱼肝脏面积图(*代表与模型组比较p<0.05,**代表模型组比较P<0.01);
图4为饲喂文冠木后羊奶环境中斑马鱼胰腺长度图(*代表与模型组比较p<0.05,**代表模型组比较P<0.01);
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的喂食文冠木的方式方法,喂食文冠木后羊奶促进肝脏胰腺发育的活性作用进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1:喂食文冠木粉末后羊奶的制备及成分检测
雌性泌乳期奶绵羊3只(每只体重约80±5 kg),为内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市蒙天然牧业科技发展有限公司选育的新西兰戴瑞羊和蒙古寒羊杂交F1代羊。经动物伦理委员会批准,将奶绵羊放置进代谢笼内适应3天,在实验正式开始前24 h,禁食不禁水。每只奶绵羊灌胃文冠木(250 g)-水混合物后,自然饮水。灌胃后第36 h开始正常饲喂混药饲料(正常饲料:文冠木=1:1)。
灌胃前采集空白组乳汁。灌胃后分别在12 h, 24 h, 36 h及饲喂混药饲料后第一天上午A1, 第一天下午P1,第二天上午A2,第二天下午P2,第三天上午A3挤取乳汁。
除蛋白:取1 ml乳汁加入3 mL乙腈(含1%甲酸),振荡5分钟后13500转/分离心5min,吸取上清液过HybridSPE-PL柱(30 mg/ml SPE)后用高速旋转真空浓缩仪干燥。将乳汁干燥提取物用异丙醇乙腈(1:1)超声波溶解后,过0.22 μm滤膜后进行HPLC-MS检测文冠木原成分及其代谢物。
高效液相色谱-质谱条件:色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 PPHD(500 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),柱温30℃,流动相为A液(H2O含0.1%甲酸,v/v),B液为色谱甲醇。流速为0.3 ml/min,进样量为3μl。液相色谱的洗脱程序如表1所示。质谱条件为气帘温度为350℃,气帘流量为11 l/min,雾化器45 psi,毛细管电压正极4000 V负极3500 V,ESI离子源。一般分离提取定性质谱选择扫描模式为MS2,δEMV(+)为0,δEMV(-)为200,起始扫描碎片为100终止扫描碎片为1500,扫描时间500,碎裂电压为10,负离子扫描。定量质谱条件选择扫描模式为MRM,δEMV(+)为0,δEMV(-)为0。
表1 色谱洗脱程序
序号 | 时间(分钟) | B% | 流速(毫升/分钟) |
1 | 0.00 | 10.0 | 0.30 |
2 | 7.50 | 30.0 | 0.30 |
3 | 8.00 | 35.0 | 0.30 |
4 | 11.00 | 40.0 | 0.30 |
5 | 11.50 | 100.0 | 0.30 |
6 | 14 | 100.0 | 0.30 |
通过HPLC-MS对羊奶中的14种文冠木成分进行MRM方法检测,对每一种成分进行峰面积积分,结果如图1所示。考虑到奶绵羊的日常饲料中本身含有黄酮和多酚类成分和奶羊泌乳的滞后性,禁食12 h不能完全消除羊奶中的黄酮、多酚等成分,故空白组的样品中含有较低含量的成分是正常的。灌胃12 h后,羊奶中的杨梅素、槲皮素和3-氧代甘遂-7,24-二烯-21-酸的含量出现了显著升高(p<0.05),齐墩果酸、大黄素-3-甲醚和文冠酸的含量出现了极显著升高(p<0.01)。
取2 ml乳汁置于5 ml离心管中,真空冷冻干燥成粉末备用。根据食品安全国家标准GB 5413.27-2010婴幼儿食品和乳品中脂肪酸的测定第一法乙酰氯-甲醇甲酯化法。量取40 ml甲醇于100 ml干燥烧杯中,准确吸取5.0 ml乙酰氯逐滴缓慢加入,不断搅拌,冷却后转移定容至50 ml干燥的容量瓶中配置成乙酰氯甲醇溶液(体积分数10%)备用。准确称取6g无水碳酸钠于100 ml烧杯中,加水溶解,转移并用水定容至100 ml容量瓶中配置成碳酸钠溶液。取奶样冻干粉5 mg于15 ml干燥螺口玻璃管中,加入5 ml甲苯,再加入10%的乙酰氯甲醇溶液6.0 ml,充氮气后,旋紧螺旋盖,震荡混合后于80℃±1℃水浴中放置2 h,期间每隔20 min取出振摇一次,水浴后取出冷却至室温。将反应后的样液转移至50 ml离心管中,分别用3.0 ml碳酸钠溶液清洗玻璃管三次,合并碳酸钠溶液于50 ml离心管中,5000转/分钟离心约5 min。取上清过0.22 μm滤膜,用正己烷稀释10倍后作为试液,气相色谱仪测定。
气相色谱条件:使用岛津 GC-2014气相色谱仪,色谱柱为HP-88(100 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm);柱温设置为120℃维持10 min,之后以3.2℃/min的速率升温至230℃,维持35min;进样口温度为250℃;检测器温度为300℃;恒压190 kpa;分流比为1:50,工作载气为高纯氮,进样量为1 μl。所选标样为37种脂肪酸甲酯化标准品(Sigma)。
通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对羊奶中37种脂肪酸的含量气测定实验,获得各样品组3个平行对照的37种脂肪酸含量的原始数据,利用Origin 2017软件对原始数据进行归一化处理,然后进行组间差异化分析。分析结果如图2所示,发现空腹灌胃文冠木粉末后(12 h, 24 h, 36 h三组样品),羊奶中的十三烷酸(C13:0)的含量极显著降低(p<0.01),肉豆蔻烯酸(C14:1),顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸(C20:3n6)的含量显著降低(p<0.05),油酸(C18:1n9c)的含量极显著升高(p<0.01)。文冠木粉末混合饲料拌喂后(A1, P1, A2, P2,A3五组样品)羊奶中十三烷酸(C13:0)的含量极显著下降(p<0.01),肉豆蔻烯酸(C14:1)的含量显著降低(p<0.05),油酸(C18:1n9c)的含量极显著升高(p<0.01),且升高幅度较大。
实施例2:喂食文冠木粉末后羊奶的促进肝脏胰腺发育活性
Tg转基因荧光斑马鱼(ins: GFP; nrf2afh318/fh318)为武汉国家斑马鱼繁育中心购入,使用的鱼卵为雌雄双荧光成鱼所产。斑马鱼饲养环境为:温度27±1℃,水体PH值7-8,水体硬度为100 mg/ml(CaCO3),盐度为0.25‰,光照周期为10月份呼和浩特自然昼夜循环,每日饲喂活体丰年虾两次,固体饲料两次。配鱼时,在前一天晚上将1:1的雄鱼和雌鱼放置到具有2/3的27±1℃饲养水的产缸中,关灯进入暗周期。第二天早晨光周期开始时雌雄鱼开始产卵交配。收集产缸下层的斑马鱼鱼卵,放置在90 mm的无菌培养皿中,密度为50颗/皿,静水培养,每天换水,除去未受精的死卵。受精后3-4天,鱼卵开始破壳,将破壳后的幼鱼和鱼卵分开培养。
选取灌胃文冠木后0 h,12 h和混合饲喂文冠木p2时间节点的羊奶2 ml,用与实例1相同的去蛋白方法去除蛋白后,用斑马鱼培养基超声波溶解5 min,13500 r/min离心5min,吸油纸剪成0.5 cm宽的纸条小心吸除上层的漂浮油脂,以减少油脂对斑马鱼的毒性。去除油脂后,将羊奶用培养基稀释成20 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml备用。
荧光斑马鱼自破壳后,选择发育正常无畸形的幼鱼暴露于0.2 μg/ml 的邻苯二甲酸单-2-乙基己基酯(MEHP)溶液中进行造模,每12 h更换1/2的新鲜MEHP。空白组设置为含有0.1%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的斑马鱼培养基,模型组为0.2 μg/ml 的MEHP,实验组为0.2 μg/ml的MEHP+20、40、80 μg/ml的灌胃文冠木后0 h、12 h和混合饲喂文冠木P2的奶样。
破壳后的120小时(hpf)结束暴露,结束暴露的幼鱼弃去培养基和药液,用培养基反复小心润洗3次,每次静置5 min。观察前用75 mg/ml的MS-222麻醉剂短暂麻醉,置于荧光显微镜下,蓝色荧光激发,10倍物镜观察并拍照。利用ImageJ软件进行数据分析,测量斑马鱼幼鱼体长、肝脏荧光面积、胰腺荧光面积、胰腺长度以及观测记录幼鱼是否存在发育畸形和心包水肿。
如图3、4所示,对于肝脏和胰腺,文冠木灌胃后12 h和文冠木混合饲喂p2中高剂量组的肝脏荧光面积和胰腺长度极显著大于模型组,说明这两组的羊奶会减弱MEHP对斑马鱼肝脏和胰腺发育的抑制作用,并促进斑马鱼肝脏和胰腺的发育。其中空白组羊奶 (0 h) 的中高剂量组也对斑马鱼的肝脏和胰腺发育起到了促进作用,但整体平均水平略低于灌胃文冠木组。由此推测羊奶本身的营养成分可能在斑马鱼的肝脏和胰腺发育起到了一定的促进作用。
综上,本发明公开了喂食文冠木粉末后,羊奶中的杨梅素、槲皮素等有益成分显著增加,脂肪酸组成发生有益变化,且显著促进肝脏胰腺发育。
上述实例仅列举了本发明较佳的实施例,本发明的保护范围不应受到其限制,熟悉本领域技术人员在本发明的技术范围内,以简单替换或变化所得技术方案均落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶促进肝脏胰腺发育活性和应用,其特征是:
喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶在保肝护胰中的用途。
2.喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶促进肝脏胰腺发育活性和应用,其特征是:
喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶促进斑马鱼肝脏胰腺发育的用途。
3.喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶促进肝脏胰腺发育活性和应用,其特征是:
喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶改善由塑化剂引起的肝脏胰腺损伤的用途。
4.喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶促进肝脏胰腺发育活性和应用,其特征是:
喂食文冠木后的奶绵羊羊奶改善小儿黄疸的用途。
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CN104587032A (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-05-06 | 内蒙古农业大学 | 抗奶牛春季冷热骤变和沙尘暴应激的蒙兽药 |
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