CN115029621B - 一种旋挖钻机钻杆用550MPa级热轧卷板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种旋挖钻机钻杆用550MPa级热轧卷板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种旋挖钻机钻杆用550MPa级热轧卷板,其化学成分重量百分比为:C0.06%‑0.08%;Si 0.10%‑0.25%;Mn 1.75%‑1.85%;Nb 0.040%‑0.055%;Ti 0.045%‑0.060%;Cr 0.13%‑0.18%;Als 0.015%‑0.045%;P≤0.015%;S≤0.004%;N≤0.006%;余量为铁和不可避免的杂质,热轧卷板冷裂纹敏感系数Pcm≤0.19%。本发明采用低碳高Ti微合金设计,并添加少量的Nb、Cr等微合金元素,两阶段控制轧制和超快冷+层流冷却工艺获得细小的针状铁素体组织,以保证具有高强度高韧性以及优良的低温断裂韧性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及低合金钢技术领域,具体涉及一种旋挖钻机钻杆用550MPa级热轧卷板及其制造方法。
背景技术
旋挖钻机具有高效、低噪、环保、成孔质量高、机械化程度高等诸多特点,成为适合建筑基础工程中成孔作业最理想的施工机械。在国外大直径混凝土灌注桩施工中,旋挖钻机一般占2/3以上。旋挖钻机高效、环保、效率高的优势得到公认。随着市场经济的需求,使得铁路公路水路交通、水利电力设施、港口码头机场的建设全面飞速发展,旋挖钻机必将得到更加广泛的应用。
钻杆是用在旋挖钻机与施工用钻头之间,传递扭矩、轴向压力等载荷,沿共同轴心、逐节伸缩的管状结构,由3~6支钢管经机加工、焊接后套装而成。对于制造钻杆套管的钢管原先通常选用低钢级无缝钢管,随旋挖钻机应用需求的激增和先进要求的提升,对于高强韧性、高尺寸精度、高适应性和良好经济性的钻杆需求日益迫切,亟需产品升级换代。
近年来,采用无缝管制造旋挖钻机钻杆方面取得了巨大进步。无缝钢管在尺寸精度、管径规格、生产成本等方面的天然劣势无法解决,目前已有装备制造业开始尝试采用直缝焊管替代无缝管生产旋挖钻机钻杆,并取得了初步成功,显示出了良好的市场前景。
专利CN202011123402.2,一种旋挖钻机钻杆用热轧钢带的生产方法。其化学成份的重量百分比为:C:0.06%-0.08%,Si:0.17%-0.27%,Mn:1.55%-1.70%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.008%,Alt:0.020%-0.050%,Nb:0.060%-0.070%,Ti:0.015%-0.025%,Mo:0.08%-0.18%,Cr:0.20%-0.30%,Ca:0.0010%-0.0030%,其余为铁及不可避免元素。该发明为国内包钢公开的一种旋挖钻机钻杆用热轧钢带的生产方法,产品具有良好的耐疲劳性能、低温冲击韧性、冷弯性能和焊接性能,产品质量达到国内无缝钢管产品水平。但该发明贵重合金Nb、Mo、Cr等贵重元素含量较多,成本明显偏高。
专利CN201610639912.2,超高强度旋挖钻机钻杆用无缝钢管及其生产方法。其化学成份的重量百分比为:C:0.13%-0.18%,Si:0.20%-0.50%,Mn:1.20%-1.70%,Cr:0.20%-0.60%,Mo:0.15%-0.40%,Ni:0.08%-0.25%,V:0.07%-0.14%,W:0.10%-0.70%,其余为铁及不可避免元素。该发明为国内攀钢公开的采用调质热处理工艺生产的旋挖钻机钻杆用无缝钢管,产品屈服强度值高达800MPa以上。该发明含有大量贵重合金元素,且为采用调质热处理工艺的无缝钢管,生产成本远远高于采用热轧卷板制成的焊管。
专利CN201510410198.5,挖钻机钻杆用大直径薄壁精密无缝钢管的生产方法。其化学成份的重量百分比为:C:0.12%-0.16%,Si:0.20%-0.40%,Mn:1.45%-1.60%,V:0.03%-0.06%,Al:0.02%-0.05%,其余为铁及不可避免元素。该发明为国内攀钢公开的大直径薄壁精密无缝钢管的生产方法,产品具有良好的强度指标,但韧性明显不足,同时无缝钢管生产成本远高于采用热轧卷板制成的焊管。
专利CN201610669000.X,旋挖钻机钻杆用无缝钢管及其制造方法。其化学成份的重量百分比为:C:0.07%-0.10%,Si:0.15%-0.38%,Mn:1.20%-1.40%,Cr:0.10%-0.30%,Mo:0.15%-0.25%,V:0.03%-0.07%,其余为铁及不可避免元素。该发明为国内攀钢公开的,旋挖钻机钻杆用无缝钢管及其制造方法,产品具有良好的强韧性指标,但贵重元素含量高造成合金成本明显偏高,同时无缝钢管生产成本远高于采用热轧卷板制成的焊管。
热轧卷板通过直缝焊接方式制成焊管用于桩工机械旋挖钻机钻杆,与大多数无缝焊管生产工艺相比,在产品尺寸精度高、生产成本、管径规格等方面具有明显优势,且随技术发展有逐步取代相同级别无缝钢管的趋势。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种旋挖钻机钻杆用550MPa级热轧卷板及其制造方法,成本低,同时具有优异的强韧性能、冷弯性能、焊接性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种旋挖钻机钻杆用550MPa级热轧卷板,其化学成分重量百分比为:C 0.06%-0.08%;Si 0.10%-0.25%;Mn 1.75%-1.85%;Nb 0.040%-0.055%;Ti 0.045%-0.060%;Cr 0.13%-0.18%;Als 0.015%-0.045%;P≤0.015%;S≤0.004%;N≤0.006%;余量为铁和不可避免的杂质,热轧卷板冷裂纹敏感系数Pcm≤0.19%。
主要基本元素和作用如下:
C:是钢中最经济、最基本的强化元素,通过固溶强化和析出强化对提高钢的强度有明显作用,但是提高C含量对钢的韧性和焊接性有负面影响,低碳保证钢具有良好韧性、良好焊接性能。本发明的C含量为0.06%-0.08%。
Si:可以起到一定的固溶强化作用,可显著提高钢的弹性极限、屈服强度和屈强比,并提高疲劳强度和疲劳比,改善钢的耐磨性,但含量过高会显著降低钢的塑性和韧性。本发明Si含量为0.10%-0.25%。
Mn:是良好的脱氧剂和脱硫剂,通过固溶强化提高钢的强度,是补偿因C含量降低而引起强度损失的最主要且最经济的强化元素。Mn还是扩大γ相区的元素,可降低钢的γ-α相变温度,有助于获得细小的相变产物,可提高钢的韧性、降低韧脆转变温度。但锰属于易偏析元素,过高易形成带状组织。本发明的Mn含量为1.75%-1.85%。
Ti:和N、C、O都有极强的亲和力,是良好的脱氧去气剂和固定N和C的有效元素,当Ti与C质量比达到4.5以上时,由于N、C、O全部被固定,具有很好的应力腐蚀和碱脆抗力。在板坯连铸时可形成细小的高温稳定的TiN析出相,这种细小的TiN粒子可有效地阻碍板坯再加热时的奥氏体晶粒长大,有助于提高Nb在奥氏体中的固溶度,同时对改善焊接热影响区的冲击韧性有明显作用。当Ti含量超过0.025%时,作为合金元素通过细晶强化和析出强化显著提高钢的强度。本发明的Ti含量为0.045%-0.060%。
Nb:对晶粒细化的作用十分明显,通过热轧过程中NbC应变诱导析出阻碍形变奥氏体的回复、再结晶,经控制轧制和控制冷却使精轧阶段非再结晶区的形变奥氏体组织在相变时转变为细小的相变产物,以使钢具有更高强度和高韧性。Nb属于贵重元素,成本偏高。本发明的Nb含量为0.040%-0.055%。
Cr:显著提高淬透性,抑制多边形铁素体和珠光体的产生,促进在中温和低温区内形成晶内有大量位错分布的铁素体或贝氏体,从而提高钢的强度和硬度。同时提高钢的耐磨性和耐蚀性。本专利的Cr含量为0.13%-0.18%。
Als:铝是常用的脱氧剂,在钢中加入少量的铝,可细化晶粒,提高冲击韧性,本发明的Als含量为0.015%-0.045%。
P、S、N:是钢中不可避免的杂质元素,希望越低越好,但要求过低会增加生产成本,本发明的P≤0.015%、S≤0.004%、N≤0.006%。
冷裂纹敏感系数Pcm:控制冷裂纹敏感系数有利于保障产品的焊接性能,本发明的Pcm控制在≤0.19%。
一种旋挖钻机钻杆用550MPa级热轧卷板制造方法,生产工艺流程:铁水预处理—转炉冶炼—炉外精炼:RH+LF+钙处理—连铸—板坯加热-轧制-超快冷+层流冷却—卷取,其中:
(1)冶炼连铸工艺:铁水预处理,转炉冶炼,经顶吹或顶底复合吹炼,炉外精炼,经RH真空处理、LF炉轻脱硫处理及进行钙处理,RH精炼搬出时钢水定[H]和[O],a[O]≤10ppm,[H]≤2ppm,且在RH不升温,LF精炼后进行喂硅钙线处理,每罐喂线量≥500米,喂线速度≥3.5m/s,净吹氩时间≥8分钟,镇静时间≥10分钟,中间包过热度≤25℃,保证硫化物和氧化物夹杂的球化效果,板坯连铸制成连铸板坯,全程保护浇注,并投入动态轻压下,设定值为3.5-4.0mm,减少连铸坯中心偏析;
(2)轧制工艺:连铸板坯在500-850℃温度直接进行热装炉加热,连铸板坯经步进式加热炉加热至1190-1220℃,随后经粗轧及精轧机组两阶段控制轧制,粗轧终轧温度≥1000℃,粗轧3-5道次,至少4道次压下率≥20%,精轧开轧温度为≤980℃,精轧终轧温度为800-840℃,精轧总压下率保证≥70%,随后采用两阶段控制冷却,先采用超快冷方式以30-50℃/s的速度冷却至550℃-600℃,然后采用层流冷却方式以15-25℃/s的速度终冷至460-500℃卷取。
与现有的技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明采用低碳高Ti微合金设计,并添加少量的Nb、Cr等微合金元素,两阶段控制轧制和超快冷+层流冷却工艺获得细小的针状铁素体组织,以保证具有高强度高韧性以及优良的低温断裂韧性。具体为:
(1)本发明的组织为针状铁素体组织,晶粒度≥12级,具有优异的强韧性和良好的焊接性。
(2)合金设计简单,采用高Ti低C微合金设计,并添加少量的Cr、Nb等微合金元素,不含Mo、V等贵重元素,合金成本低。
(3)采用超快冷+层流冷却方式两段控制冷却,保证晶粒细小、组织均匀,具有高强韧性指标:屈服强度≥580MPa,抗拉强度≥670MPa,-20℃夏比冲击性能≥180J。
附图说明
图1为本发明针状铁素体组织。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进一步说明,列举本发明的实施例,这些实施例仅对本发明最佳实施方式的描述。
表1为实施例钢的化学成分。
表1实施例钢化学成分(wt,%)
注:Pcm=C+Si/30+(Mn+Cu+Cr)/20+Ni/60+Mo/15+V/10+5B.
实施例钢板生产工艺流程为铁水预处理—转炉冶炼—炉外精炼(RH+LF+钙处理)—连铸—板坯加热-轧制-超快冷+层流冷却—卷取,冶炼工艺见表2,轧制工艺见表3。
表2:冶炼工艺
表3为实施例钢的主要力学性能。
表3:轧制工艺
表4为实施例主要力学性能
表4:主要力学性能
采用本发明热轧卷板制成的直缝焊管,由于具备生产成本低、强韧性能好、尺寸精度高等优点,在工程机械钻杆应用领域具有广阔的发展前景。
上面所述仅是本发明的基本原理,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是依据本发明对其进行等同变化和修饰,均在本专利技术保护方案的范畴之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种旋挖钻机钻杆用550MPa级热轧卷板,其特征在于,其化学成分重量百分比为:C0.06%-0.08%;Si 0.10%-0.25%;Mn 1.75%-1.85%;Nb 0.040%-0.055%;Ti 0.045%-0.060%;Cr 0.13%-0.18%;Als 0.015%-0.045%;P ≤0.015%;S ≤0.004%;N≤0.006%;余量为铁和不可避免的杂质,热轧卷板冷裂纹敏感系数Pcm≤0.19%;针状铁素体组织,晶粒度≥12级;屈服强度≥580MPa,抗拉强度≥670MPa,-20℃夏比冲击性能≥180J;
制造方法,生产工艺流程:铁水预处理—转炉冶炼—炉外精炼:RH+LF+钙处理—连铸—板坯加热-轧制-超快冷+层流冷却—卷取,其中:
(1)冶炼连铸工艺:铁水预处理,转炉冶炼,经顶吹或顶底复合吹炼,炉外精炼,经RH真空处理、LF炉轻脱硫处理及进行钙处理,RH精炼搬出时钢水定[H]和[O],a[O]≤10ppm,[H]≤2ppm,且在RH不升温, LF精炼后进行喂硅钙线处理,每罐喂线量≥500米,喂线速度≥3.5m/s,净吹氩时间≥8分钟,镇静时间≥10分钟,中间包过热度≤25℃,板坯连铸制成连铸板坯,全程保护浇注,并投入动态轻压下,设定值为3.5-4.0mm;
(2)轧制工艺:连铸板坯在500-850℃温度直接进行热装炉加热,连铸板坯经步进式加热炉加热至1190-1220℃,随后经粗轧及精轧机组两阶段控制轧制,粗轧终轧温度≥1000℃,粗轧3-5道次,至少4道次压下率≥20%,精轧开轧温度为≤980℃,精轧终轧温度为800-840℃,精轧总压下率保证≥70%,随后采用两阶段控制冷却,先采用超快冷方式以30-50℃/s的速度冷却至550℃-600℃,然后采用层流冷却方式以15-25℃/s的速度终冷至460-500℃卷取。
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