CN115025852A

CN115025852A - Hammer crusher

Info

Publication number: CN115025852A
Application number: CN202210762631.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈廷亮; 岳忠胜; 彭彦松
Original assignee: Sid Machinery Beijing Co ltd
Current assignee: Sid Machinery Beijing Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-30
Filing date: 2022-06-30
Publication date: 2022-09-09
Also published as: CN219784955U; CN219965030U

Abstract

The invention discloses a hammer crusher, which is provided with a crushing cavity, wherein the crushing cavity is provided with a feeding hole, a rotor assembly is arranged in the crushing cavity, the rotor assembly rotates from a shaft under the driving of a driving device, the rotor assembly comprises a main shaft, a hammer head, a hammer pin and hammer disks, the hammer disks are arranged on the main shaft, the hammer pin penetrates through the hammer disks, the hammer head is arranged on the hammer pin and is arranged between the adjacent hammer disks, and the connection relationship between the hammer head and the hammer pin is a rotatable pin joint. According to the hammer crusher, the hammer head can rotate around the hammer pin, and can be protected by itself when materials cannot be broken; the screen comprises a removable screen frame with a driving function, and the cleaning of the screen can be realized through reciprocating vibration; the automatic discharge door can automatically discharge uncrushable materials; the feeding roller can adjust the speed and the size of a feeding port and regulate and control the crushing state; the upper cover can be opened integrally or separately, and the maintenance and the replacement of spare parts are fast; the crushing cavity is internally covered with a wear-resisting plate which can be quickly replaced, so that the shell of the crusher is protected from being worn.

Description

Hammer crusher

Technical Field

The invention relates to a crusher, in particular to a hammer crusher.

Background

With the subdivision and the refinement of the classification of environmental protection and the establishment and the promotion of the national double-carbon target, the demand of biomass treatment and alternative fuel is rapidly released, and with the continuous rise of the economic cost and the social and environmental cost of using a large amount of energy, the economic applicability and the benefit of biomass as the alternative fuel are continuously subjected to advantage iteration. At present, biomass crushers in the market are different in quality, narrow in use range, incapable of meeting the requirements on yield, high in material requirements, low in integration level and automation level, generally high in failure rate and incapable of meeting the requirements on industry development.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a hammer crusher which can crush common biomass into fine products with required particle sizes and solve the defects in the prior art.

The invention provides the following scheme:

the utility model provides a hammer crusher, this hammer crusher has a broken chamber, broken chamber has the feed inlet be provided with the rotor subassembly in the broken chamber, the rotor subassembly carries out from the rotation of axes under drive arrangement's drive, the rotor subassembly includes main shaft, tup, hammer pin and hammer disks, and the hammer disks sets up on the main shaft, and the hammer pin runs through the hammer disks, the tup is installed in the hammer pin and is set up between adjacent hammer disks, the tup with the relation of connection between the hammer pin is rotatable pin joint.

Preferably, a pin hole is formed in the hammer head, the hammer pin penetrates through the pin hole, the hammer head can rotate around the hammer pin, a fixed knife is arranged in the crushing cavity, and the fixed knife is fixedly arranged and forms relative motion with the hammer head.

Preferably, the hammer disks are disc-shaped, two hammer heads are symmetrically arranged between the adjacent hammer disks on two sides of the main shaft, and each hammer head comprises a pair of hammer sheets.

Preferably, the below of rotor subassembly is provided with the screen frame, install the screen cloth on the screen frame, the screen frame is in the drive of screen cloth hydro-cylinder down for rotor subassembly horizontal slip, in order to shift out broken chamber.

Preferably, the screen frame is driven by the screen cylinder to vibrate back and forth to realize cleaning.

Preferably, the feeding device further comprises a feeding assembly, the feeding assembly is mounted above the feeding port, the feeding assembly comprises a feeding roller frame, a feeding roller is arranged on the feeding roller frame, a feeding driving device is arranged on the side portion of the feeding roller frame, and the feeding roller rotates from the shaft under the action of the feeding driving device.

Preferably, the feeding device further comprises a front cover, the front cover is arranged between the feeding assembly and the rotor assembly, the feeding roller frame is hinged to the front cover, and the feeding roller frame can rotate around the front cover to adjust the size of the feeding hole.

Preferably, an upper cover is connected to one end of the front cover, which is far away from the feed inlet, and the front cover and the upper cover can rotate under the driving of a cover opening hydraulic cylinder to open the crushing cavity.

Preferably, install automatic bin gate on the upper cover, automatic bin gate with the upper cover is articulated, and automatic bin gate's normality is closed state, opens when automatic bin gate atress reaches the default, discharges broken thing crushing chamber.

Preferably, install row material pneumatic cylinder on the automatic row bin gate, it supports with predetermineeing holding power to arrange the material pneumatic cylinder automatic row bin gate is in closed condition, and when the thrust of tup to uncrushable thing was greater than when arranging row material pneumatic cylinder's predetermineeing holding power, automatic row material gate is opened automatically under the thrust effect of tup.

Preferably, install the row on the automatic row bin gate and expect the pneumatic cylinder, arrange the pneumatic cylinder and support automatic row bin gate in the off-state with predetermineeing the holding power, automatic row bin gate is provided with the sensor, works as the sensor detects automatic row bin gate receives when the thrust of non-breakable thing is greater than predetermineeing the holding power, it is rotatory that row bin gate is arranged to the drive of material pneumatic cylinder is automatic to open automatic row bin gate.

Preferably, a wear plate is removably mounted inside the crushing chamber.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the hammer head is arranged between the hammer disks through the hammer pin and can rotate around the hammer pin, when unbreakable materials are met, the hammer head is hidden between the two adjacent hammer disks in a rotating mode, and the self-protection function is achieved in a high-speed state; the hammer adopts the design of double hammer pieces, the hammer lug can prolong the service life of the hammer, the double hammer pieces can increase the crushing times and the crushing efficiency of materials in the crushing cavity, and simultaneously the replacement cost is reduced;

the screen comprises a removable screen frame with a driving function, the screen and the screen frame move integrally, the screen is provided with a special displacement quick replacement station, and the screen frame can vibrate in a reciprocating manner through a screen cylinder to realize the cleaning function of the screen;

the automatic discharge door has an automatic discharge function, and when the crushing cavity meets high-pressure uncrushable objects and reaches a preset value, the discharge door is automatically opened, so that uncrushable materials are automatically discharged;

the automatic feeding device has an automatic feeding function, the speed and the size of a feeding port of the feeding roller can be adjusted, and the crushing state can be regulated and controlled in real time according to the pressure condition of materials in the crusher;

the upper cover can be opened integrally or in a split manner, so that the equipment can be maintained quickly and spare parts can be replaced;

the crushing cavity is internally covered with a wear-resistant plate which can be quickly replaced, the crusher main body is protected from being abraded, and the wear-resistant plate is bolted to the shell and can be quickly disassembled and assembled.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hammer crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the hammer crusher;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a hammer crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention with an upper cover removed;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a screen frame and a screen in the hammer crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a tail cover and an upper cover of the hammer crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a side view of a rotor assembly in a hammer crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a rotor assembly in a hammer crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a perspective view of a hammer plate in the hammer crusher according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The hammer crusher disclosed by the invention can crush common biomass into fine products with required particle sizes, such as straws, branches, trunks, agricultural and forestry wastes, furniture leftovers, waste and old furniture, related wastes generated in animal husbandry and the like, and the fine products can be used as raw materials for processes of subsequent fermentation, combustion, manufacturing of alternative fuels and the like.

Description of reference numerals: the automatic material discharging device comprises a machine base 1, an upper cover 2, a front cover 3, a discharging hydraulic cylinder 4, a feeding assembly 5, a feeding hydraulic cylinder 6, a tail cover 7, a driving device 8, a screen frame 9, a screen 10, a spindle 11, a hammer disc 12, a hammer head 13, a hammer pin 14, a pin hole 15, a spindle hole 16, an uncovering hydraulic cylinder 17, an automatic discharging door 18, a screen cylinder 19 belt pulley 20, a feeding driving device 21, a feeding roller frame 22, a feeding roller 23 and a fixed cutter 24.

The integral structure of the hammer crusher shown in fig. 1 to 8 is mounted on a machine base 1, the hammer crusher includes several components with different functions, including a rotor assembly, a feeding assembly, etc., wherein the rotor assembly is mounted in a crushing cavity of the hammer crusher, the crushing cavity has a feeding port, the rotor assembly is driven by a rotary driving device to rotate on its own axis, which means that the rotor assembly rotates around a main shaft 11, the rotor assembly includes a main shaft 11, a hammer disk 12, a hammer head 13, and a hammer pin 14, the hammer disk 12 is disposed on the main shaft 11, the hammer pin 14 penetrates through the hammer disk 12 and is fixed in position, the hammer head 13 is mounted on the hammer pin 14 and is disposed between adjacent hammer disks 12, and a rotatable pin joint is formed between the hammer head 13 and the hammer pin 14. The rotatable pin joint means that the hammer 13 is provided with a pin hole 15, the hammer pin penetrates through the pin hole 15, the hammer 13 can rotate around the hammer pin 14, a fixed knife 24 is arranged in the crushing cavity, the fixed knife 24 is fixedly arranged and forms relative motion with the hammer 13, when the hammer disc 12 and the hammer 13 perform synchronous rotating motion, the fixed knife 24 is fixedly arranged, the fixed knife 24 and the hammer 13 are arranged at intervals, the hammer 13 and the fixed knife 24 form staggered rotating motion, and the hammer 13 and the fixed knife 24 cooperatively shear materials.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the hammer disks 12 are disc-shaped, two hammers 13 are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the main shaft 11 between adjacent hammer disks 12, that is, the two hammers 13 are respectively at two ends of the diameter of the disc, a plurality of hammer pins 14 (may be four) penetrate through the hammer disks 12 at preset positions of the hammer disks 12 along the main shaft direction, the hammers 13 may have long round holes, the hammer pins 14 penetrate through the long round holes, so that the hammers can rotate around the hammer pins, each hammer includes paired hammer pieces, and the paired hammer pieces are arranged side by side and can operate independently, so that the paired hammer pieces can increase the crushing times and the crushing efficiency of the material in the crushing cavity, reduce wear, and reduce the replacement cost. The hammer head 13 has a self-protection function in a high-speed state, the hammer head 13 can rotate around the hammer pin 14, and when the hammer head 13 meets an unbreakable material, the hammer head 13 is hidden between two adjacent hammer disks 12 in a rotating mode.

The rotor assembly comprises a pulley 20, the pulley 20 is disposed at one end of the main shaft, the pulley 20 is in transmission connection with the driving device 8, the transmission connection is usually a belt, the driving device 8 can be a motive power device such as a motor, and the pulley 20 is a driven member driven by the motive power device. In order to achieve the purpose of driving the pulley 20 to rotate at different speeds, the driving device 8 can be set as a speed reduction motor, or the diameter of the pulley and the diameter of the gear set can be adjusted to achieve different speed regulation purposes.

A screen frame 9 is arranged below the rotor assembly, and a screen 10 is arranged on the screen frame 9. As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the screen 10 is arc-shaped, the screen 10 can be driven by the screen cylinder 19 to slide on the base 1 in a reciprocating manner, when the screen 10 needs to be replaced or maintained, the piston rod of the screen cylinder 19 extends to drive the screen frame 9 and the screen 10 to move out of the lower side of the rotor assembly (i.e. out of the crushing cavity), so as to achieve quick replacement and maintenance of the screen. When the sieve holes are blocked, the sieve cylinder 19 can vibrate in a reciprocating mode to remove materials in the sieve holes.

The feeding assembly 5 of the hammer crusher is arranged above the feeding port of the crushing cavity, and the feeding assembly 5 comprises a feeding roller 23, a feeding roller frame 22, a feeding driving device 21 and a feeding hydraulic cylinder 6. Two sides of the feeding roller frame 22 are respectively provided with a feeding hydraulic cylinder 6, one end of the feeding hydraulic cylinder 6 is connected on the feeding roller frame, and the other end is connected on the front cover 3. The feeding roller 23 is arranged on the feeding roller frame 22 and can rotate under the driving of the feeding driving device 21, when the feeding roller 23 rotates, the material is conveyed to the crushing cavity, and the feeding driving device 21 can be a variable frequency motor. The feeding roller frame 22 is hinged with the front cover 3 and supported by the feeding hydraulic cylinder 6. The feeding assembly 5 can realize an automatic feeding function, and the feeding roller 23 can realize speed adjustment under the action of the feeding driving device 21. The feeding roller frame 22 can be driven to rotate relative to the front cover 3 by adjusting the extension of the piston rod of the feeding hydraulic cylinder 6, so as to adjust the size of the feeding hole. The feeding driving device 21 can be a variable frequency motor which has a variable frequency speed regulation function and can regulate the feeding speed and the feeding amount of the crusher in real time.

In this embodiment, the main body of the hammer crusher comprises a base 1, an upper cover 2, a front cover 3, a tail cover 7, a screen frame 9 and a screen 10, wherein the front cover 3 is arranged between a feeding assembly 5 and a rotor, the feeding roller frame 22 is hinged to the front cover 3, and the feeding roller frame 22 can rotate around the front cover 3 to adjust the size of a feeding hole. In above-mentioned main part, form between upper cover 2, front shroud 3 and the tail-hood 7 and carry out broken chamber to the material, the inboard demountable installation in broken chamber has the antifriction plate, and the antifriction plate passes through the bolt installation, when the antifriction plate needs to be changed, only need through the bolt dismouting can, but quick replacement.

The one end of keeping away from broken chamber feed inlet at front shroud 3 is connected upper cover 2, can dismantle the connection through the bolt between upper cover 2 and the front shroud 3, and when the rotor subassembly was hoisted to needs, accessible uncap pneumatic cylinder 17 drive upper cover 2 and front shroud 3 were rotatory around the back shaft, opened broken chamber, hoisted the rotor subassembly. The upper cover 2 is also connected to the tail cap 7. The crushing chamber is not closed but open, the front of the crushing chamber being the inlet to the crushing chamber.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, an automatic discharging gate 18 is installed on the upper cover 2, the automatic discharging gate 18 is hinged to the upper cover 2, and a discharging hydraulic cylinder 4 is installed on the automatic discharging gate 18 and can be opened under the driving of the discharging hydraulic cylinder 4. Automatic bin gate 18 normality is closed state, and when meetting not breakable material, automatic bin gate atress reaches the default, opens automatically, and 13 promotion of tup can not be broken thing, the broken chamber of discharging broken thing.

Specifically, the control process for realizing automatic discharging may be: the discharging hydraulic cylinder 4 supports the automatic discharging door 18 to be in a closed state by preset supporting force, when uncrushable objects at the position of the automatic discharging door are accumulated gradually, the hammer 13 pushes the uncrushable objects, and when the thrust exerted by the hammer 13 is greater than the preset supporting force of the discharging hydraulic cylinder 4, the automatic discharging door 18 is automatically opened under the thrust action of the hammer 13, and the uncrushable objects can be automatically discharged out of a crushing cavity.

Alternatively, the control process may be: the discharging hydraulic cylinder 4 supports the automatic discharging door 18 with a preset supporting force to be in a closed state, the automatic discharging door 18 is provided with a sensor, and when the sensor detects that the thrust of the unbreakable object on the automatic discharging door 18 is greater than the preset supporting force, the discharging hydraulic cylinder 4 drives the automatic discharging door 18 to rotate so as to open the automatic discharging door 18.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

during operation, the material is carried to broken chamber by feed subassembly 5, through tertiary breakage at broken intracavity: the driving device drives the rotor assembly to rotate at a high speed in the crushing cavity, and materials are fed into the crushing cavity from the feeding port and are crushed by the striking, impacting, shearing and grinding effects of the hammer 13 moving at a high speed. The lower part of the rotor is provided with a screen frame 9 and a screen 10, the materials smaller than the size of the screen in the crushed materials are discharged through the screen 10, the materials larger than the size of the screen are continuously beaten and ground by a hammer 13 in the crushing cavity, and finally the materials are discharged out of the crusher through the screen 10.

Ring hammer crusher drives tup 13 and material collision through high-speed pivoted rotor and carries out first breakage (hammering), then the material gets into through the counterattack board and carries out the secondary crushing (hammering between tup 13 and the stationary knife 24, tear and cut), the last material carries out the third time between screen cloth and tup and mills the breakage, every batch of feeding can carry out fine control through the cubic breakage to the granularity of material, unique design makes this breaker have quick self-cleaning can not break thing and clear up the function of screen cloth fast.

Description of the working principle of three-stage crushing: the crushing roller of high-speed rotation throws the material to the crushing roller top from the left side, and the high-speed hammering material of crushing roller carries out the primary crushing to the material, and the material gets into broken chamber, is provided with stationary knife 24 in the broken intracavity, and the tup above the crushing roller carries out the secondary with the stationary knife and cuts, and the hammering is broken. When the material is difficult to be broken, the impact force given to the material by the hammer 13 acts on the automatic discharge gate 18 on the right side, and when the force is greater than the control force, the automatic discharge gate 18 is automatically opened to discharge the material. When discharging, the feeding roller 23 stops feeding, and when discharging uncrushable materials, the discharging door is automatically closed, and the feeding roller continues feeding. After the material is broken through the second pass, the material enters the screen 10 below, the hammer 13 rotating at a high speed continues hammering the material, and the material is extruded to pass through the screen.

The screen mesh assembly composed of the screen mesh frame 9 and the screen mesh 10 below the crushing cavity can slide in a reciprocating mode, and when the machine is stopped for maintenance, the screen mesh frame 9 and the screen mesh 10 can be shifted to a maintenance position by means of the screen mesh oil cylinder 19. When the machine is stopped every time, the screen frame 9 and the screen 10 can reciprocate left and right at high frequency by the oil cylinder, and the function of cleaning the screen by vibration is achieved. The device can be conveniently started without load when rebooting. When the screen cloth 10 is damaged and needs to be replaced, the screen cloth oil cylinder 19 drives the screen cloth rack 9 to slide out of the crushing cavity, the screen cloth 10 can be replaced after being detached from the screen cloth rack 9, and the replacement is convenient and fast.

The invention adopts a modular design, the upper cover 2 can be opened independently, and a mechanical pin is arranged for safety protection after the upper cover is opened. The shaft assembly is also designed in a modularized mode, and the shaft assembly can be replaced quickly. The hammer 13 can draw out the hammer shaft through a special tool to replace the hammer sheet.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a hammer crusher, this hammer crusher has a broken chamber, broken chamber has the feed inlet be provided with the rotor subassembly in the broken chamber, the rotor subassembly carries out from the rotation of axes under drive arrangement's drive, its characterized in that, the rotor subassembly includes main shaft, tup, hammer pin and hammer disks, the hammer disks sets up on the main shaft, the hammer pin runs through the hammer disks, the tup install in the hammer pin and set up adjacently between the hammer disks, the tup with the relation of connection between the hammer pin is rotatable pin joint.

2. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, wherein the hammer head is provided with a pin hole through which the hammer pin passes, the hammer head is rotatable about the hammer pin, and a stationary knife is fixedly arranged in the crushing chamber and moves relative to the hammer head.

3. A hammer crusher according to claim 2, wherein said discs are disc-shaped, and two of said hammers are symmetrically disposed between adjacent discs on either side of said main shaft, each of said hammers including a pair of hammer blades.

4. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, wherein a screen frame is provided beneath the rotor assembly, the screen frame having a screen mounted thereon, the screen frame being adapted to slide horizontally relative to the rotor assembly under the drive of a screen cylinder to move out of the crushing chamber.

5. A hammer mill according to claim 4, wherein the screen frame is oscillated reciprocally driven by the screen cylinder to effect cleaning.

6. The hammer crusher of claim 1, further comprising a feeding assembly installed above the feeding port, the feeding assembly including a feeding roller frame on which a feeding roller is disposed, a feeding driving device disposed at a side of the feeding roller frame, the feeding roller rotating from a shaft by the feeding driving device.

7. A hammer crusher according to claim 6, further comprising a front housing disposed between the feed assembly and the rotor assembly, the feed roller housing being hingedly mounted to the front housing and being rotatable about the front housing to adjust the size of the feed opening.

8. A hammer crusher according to claim 7, wherein an upper cover is attached to an end of the front housing remote from the feed inlet, the front housing and the upper cover being rotatable by a cover opening cylinder to open the crushing chamber.

9. A hammer crusher according to claim 8, wherein an automatic discharge gate is mounted on said upper cover, said automatic discharge gate being hingedly connected to said upper cover, said automatic discharge gate being normally closed and opening to discharge crushed material from said crushing chamber when said automatic discharge gate is subjected to a predetermined force.

10. A hammer crusher according to claim 9, wherein the automatic discharge gate is provided with a discharge hydraulic cylinder, the discharge hydraulic cylinder supports the automatic discharge gate in a closed state with a predetermined supporting force, and the automatic discharge gate is automatically opened by the thrust of the hammer head when the thrust of the hammer head against the uncrushable material is greater than the predetermined supporting force of the discharge hydraulic cylinder.

11. A hammer crusher according to claim 9, wherein the automatic discharge gate is provided with a discharge hydraulic cylinder, the discharge hydraulic cylinder supports the automatic discharge gate in a closed state with a predetermined supporting force, the automatic discharge gate is provided with a sensor, and when the sensor detects that the thrust of the automatic discharge gate against the uncrushable object is greater than the predetermined supporting force, the discharge hydraulic cylinder drives the automatic discharge gate to rotate so as to open the automatic discharge gate.

12. A hammer crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a wear plate is removably mounted inside the crushing chamber.