CN115025616B - Automatic control method for SCR denitration technology of thermal power generating unit by urea method - Google Patents
Automatic control method for SCR denitration technology of thermal power generating unit by urea method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 584
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009699 differential effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen oxide(NO) Natural products O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/346—Controlling the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic control method of a urea method SCR denitration technology of a thermal power generating unit, which comprises proportional integral derivative control PID cascade control, wherein the first-stage PID control is used for adjusting the deviation between the average value of the concentration of nitrogen oxides NOX at an outlet and a set value thereof, and the output of the first-stage PID control is a part of a second-stage PID urea flow instruction; secondly, predictive control is carried out, wherein the output of the predictive control is the other part of the second-stage PID urea flow instruction, and the two parts are added to form a urea flow instruction; the second-stage PID control is to adjust the deviation between the urea flow command and the actual urea flow; in addition, the Smith prediction loop calculates a urea spray gun action command, and the urea spray gun action command is obtained through subtraction calculation with the output command of the first partial PID serial pole; the opening of the urea spray gun is controlled by the urea spray gun action instruction, and finally, the automatic control of the whole urea method SCR denitration technology is realized. The invention realizes the advanced callback of the urea flow spray gun and avoids the disturbance caused by large inertia.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control of thermal power stations, in particular to an automatic control method of an SCR denitration technology of a thermal power unit by a urea method.
Background
The energy consumption in China mainly uses coal, and most of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke dust emission and the like in the atmospheric pollution emissions come from the combustion of the coal, wherein the smoke emission pollution of a coal-fired boiler of a thermal power generating unit is most prominent, and the emitted pollutants cause great harm to the ecological environment and also have great influence on the health of human bodies. With the rapid development of economy, governments are increasingly aware of the necessity and urgency of environmental protection, while nitrogen oxides (NO X ) As air pollutionIs mainly referred to as NO and NO 2 The main environmental pollutants are acid rain, greenhouse effect, ozone layer damage, photochemical smog and the like which are directly or indirectly caused by the environmental pollutants, and are important problems for ecological environment management.
In the flue gas emissions of thermal power generating units, more than 90% of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The method exists in the form of NO, and the SCR denitration technology adopts chemical reaction to reduce pollutants in the part of the flue gas into harmless nitrogen (N) 2 ) And water (H) 2 0) To make Nitrogen Oxide (NO) X ) The emission of the waste water is reduced to be within the national standard, which reduces the environmental pressure to a certain extent. The most important advantage of this denitration technique is nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The conversion rate is high, and the reaction products are safe and harmless and are widely applied to various thermal power units at present.
The reducing agents used in SCR denitration techniques are typically:
1) Liquid ammonia
Liquid ammonia is colorless gas at normal temperature and has pungent smell. Unstable chemical property, toxicity, easy combustion and easy explosion. When ammonia leaks, the physical health of a human body is seriously damaged.
2) Ammonia water
Ammonia is about 20% -30% aqueous solution, and is relatively safe, and the transportation cost is high due to the large transportation volume. Ammonia water is weak alkaline and strong in corrosion resistance, is harmful to human bodies, and can explode particularly when a certain concentration is reached in the air.
3) Urea
Urea is used as a novel environment-friendly reducing agent, white solid particles or crystals are formed at normal temperature, and ammonia steam is prepared by pyrolysis of urea in industrial application. The greatest advantage of urea over liquid ammonia and ammonia is its safety.
Regardless of which reagent is used as the reducing agent, the nature of the SCR denitration technique is a chemical reaction with a certain reaction process that requires a certain reaction time to complete the denitration of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The reduction of emissions, from an automatic control point of view, is calledThe control system with large delay and large inertia is characterized by large control difficulty and poor control precision. Compared with the liquid ammonia process, the urea process denitration technology increases the process engineering for pyrolyzing urea into ammonia steam, and further prolongs the reduction of Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) For automatic control, the control is more difficult.
At present, most newly-built thermal power generating units adopt urea method denitration technology, and in old thermal power generating units, a large part of units are changed into urea method denitration technology from liquid ammonia method denitration technology used by the old thermal power generating units due to safety consideration. In the future, urea as a reducing agent will have a larger and larger proportion in the SCR denitration technology of thermal power generating units, and automatic control of the units will also become more and more important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of large delay and large inertia existing in the urea-process SCR denitration technology, the invention aims to provide an automatic control method for the urea-process SCR denitration technology of a thermal power generating unit, and a more reasonable control strategy is adopted to ensure that the nitrogen oxides (NO X ) Stable and meets the economic and safe operation indexes of the unit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme:
an automatic control method for SCR denitration technology of a thermal power unit by urea method comprises the following steps:
step one: proportional integral derivative control PID cascade control, wherein the first stage PID control corrects and adjusts the deviation between the average value of the outlet nitrogen oxide NOX concentration and the set value of the outlet nitrogen oxide NOX concentration, and the output of the first stage PID control is used as a part of the second stage PID urea flow command; secondly, predictive control is carried out, the change trend of the concentration of Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) at the outlet is predicted according to the change trend of the coal quantity, the air quantity and the oxygen quantity in the boiler, a urea flow instruction required by calculation of a predictive control loop is obtained, finally, a path of urea flow instruction required by calculation is calculated according to the change trend of the average value of the concentration of the Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) at the inlet of the denitration device, the urea flow instructions are added to obtain a final urea flow instruction required by addition, and the urea flow instruction is corrected and regulated with the actual urea flow through a second-stage PID to obtain an action instruction of a urea spray gun;
step two: the Smith prediction control loop calculates an action command of the urea spray gun, and the action command of the final urea spray gun is obtained through subtraction calculation with the output command of the first partial PID serial pole;
step three: the opening command 18 of the urea flow regulating spray gun controls the opening of the urea flow regulating spray gun 4, and finally, the automatic control of the whole urea method SCR denitration technology is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
aiming at the characteristics of large delay and large inertia of the SCR denitration technology by the urea method, the optimal prediction point is searched as much as possible to judge the change trend of the concentration of Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) in advance.
The influence of the oxygen quantity on the concentration of the Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) is creatively divided into rapid rough adjustment and accurate fine adjustment, the variation of the wind-coal ratio is introduced, the variation trend of the concentration of the Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) is rapidly pre-judged in advance, the oxygen quantity of the boiler is introduced on the basis, the variation trend of the concentration of the Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) is accurately judged finally, the concentration of the Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) is controlled from the process angle, and the problem is fundamentally solved.
By adopting a cascade control strategy, on the basis of considering the deviation between the concentration of the Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and the concentration set value thereof, whether the urea flow reaches the flow set value requirement is also considered, each loop is ensured to meet the requirement, and the accurate control of the concentration of the Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) is finally realized.
The chemical reaction process of the SCR denitration technology by the urea method is combined, a similar model is constructed, the smith pre-estimated control algorithm is adopted, the urea flow adjusting spray gun is adjusted back in advance, and disturbance caused by large inertia is avoided.
The concentration of Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) under the control of the strategy can realize the automatic whole-course investment of the urea flow regulating spray gun, is suitable for various lifting load working conditions of a unit, greatly reduces the operation burden of operators and provides further guarantee for intelligent operation of a power plant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control system according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-high temperature hot air from a primary hot air outlet; 2-urea pyrolysis furnace;
3-urea solution from urea pump; 4-urea flow regulating spray gun;
5-urea flow signal measuring point; 6-raw flue gas from the economizer;
7-A, B side reactors; 8, flue gas flows to the air preheater flue;
9-A, B two side inlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) A concentration signal measuring point;
10-A, B two side outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) A concentration signal measuring point;
11-outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) A concentration set point;
12-outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) Concentration average;
13-inlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) Concentration average;
14-total air volume; 15-total coal amount; 16-boiler oxygen;
17-total urea flow into pyrolysis furnace;
18-urea flow regulating spray gun opening command;
19—a first PID controller; 20—a first subtraction operator;
21-a first differential operator; 22-a first function generator;
23-a second differential operator; 24—a first addition operator;
25—a division operator; 26—a third differential operator;
27—a fourth differential operator; 28—a second adder;
29—a third addition operator; 30—a second PID controller;
31-a second subtraction operator; 32-a pure hysteresis operator;
33—an inertial operator;
Detailed Description
The automatic control system comprises high-temperature hot air 1 from a primary hot air outlet, urea solution 3 from a urea pump, urea solution 3 from the urea pump is distributed by 4 urea flow regulating spray guns 4 horizontally arranged, required urea is fed into a urea pyrolysis furnace 2, the urea is pyrolyzed into ammonia steam in the urea pyrolysis furnace 2 by the high-temperature hot air 1 from the primary hot air outlet, the ammonia steam from the urea pyrolysis furnace 2 enters A, B two side reactors 7 respectively in two ways, raw flue gas 6 from an economizer enters A, B two side reactors 7 respectively through two side flues in a boiler, the ammonia steam is mixed with NO in the raw flue gas in A, B side reactors 7, and the reduced denitration reaction is carried out under the action of a catalyst, and finally the flue gas meeting the national standard after denitration is fed into an air preheater flue 8 through the flue gas; the urea demand of the whole reaction process is controlled by 4 urea flow regulating spray guns 4 which are horizontally arranged, and the opening of the urea flow regulating spray guns 4 is controlled by calculating a urea flow regulating spray gun opening instruction 18 through a first PID controller 19, a second adder 28, a second PID controller 30 and a second subtracting arithmetic unit 31 which are connected with the urea flow regulating spray guns 4; a corresponding urea flow signal measuring point 5 is arranged at the outlet of each urea flow regulating spray gun 4, a A, B two-side inlet Nitrogen Oxide (NO) is arranged at the inlet of the reactor at the two sides of A, B X ) Concentration signal measuring point 9, a A, B two-side outlet Nitrogen Oxide (NO) is arranged at the outlet of the reactor at the two sides of A, B X ) Concentration signal station 10.
The first PID controller 19 and the second PID controller 30 cooperate to form a cascade control loop, the first PID controller 19 is used as a master controller, the input signal of the first PID controller comprises two paths, and the first path is the output nitrogen oxide (NO X ) A concentration set value 11, which is realized by directly setting by an operator according to the requirement; the second is the outlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) Concentration average 12, from A, BTwo-side outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) The concentration signal measuring point 10 is obtained by calculation after taking an average value; the first PID controller 19 comprises a proportional P, integral I function, the output of which is part of the urea flow command, the first PID controller 19 acts on the outlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The deviation of the concentration is subjected to small-amplitude adjustment, and the large-amplitude adjustment is completed by a prediction control loop; the predictive control loop includes four paths, the first path being the outlet NOx (NO X ) The concentration deviation value prediction loop comprises the following control thinking: outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) Concentration average 12 and outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) The concentration set point 11 is calculated by the first subtraction processor 20 to obtain the outlet Nitrogen Oxide (NO) X ) The concentration deviation value is calculated by the first differential arithmetic unit 21 to obtain the outlet Nitrogen Oxide (NO) X ) Urea flow command corresponding to the variation of concentration deviation value; the second path is inlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) Concentration prediction loop, which can be understood as a proportional Plus Derivative (PD) link, the control thinking is: inlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) Concentration average 13, nitrogen Oxides (NO) at both sides of A, B X ) The concentration signal measuring point 9 is obtained by averaging and then calculating, and the inlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) The concentration average 13 is calculated by the first function generator 22 to obtain the inlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) The urea flow command corresponding to the concentration average value can be understood as a proportion link, and the inlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The concentration average value 13 is calculated by a second differential arithmetic unit 23 to obtain an inlet Nitrogen Oxide (NO) X ) The urea flow command corresponding to the differentiation of the concentration average value is a differentiation link, and the output value of the first function generator 22 and the output value of the second differentiation operator 23 are added by the first adder 24 to obtain the inlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) Urea flow command corresponding to concentration average value; the third path is a wind-coal ratio prediction control loop, and the control thought is as follows: introducing a total air quantity 14 signal and a total coal quantity 15 signal, calculating an instantaneous air-coal ratio value through a division arithmetic unit 25, and calculating through a third differential arithmetic unit 26 to obtain a urea flow command corresponding to the variation of the total air quantity 14 and the total coal quantity 15; the fourth path is boiler oxygenThe quantity prediction control loop comprises the following control ideas: introducing a boiler oxygen amount 16 signal, and calculating by a fourth differential arithmetic unit 27 to obtain a urea flow instruction corresponding to the variation of the boiler oxygen amount 16; the four-way prediction control loop is added by a second adder 28 to obtain a urea flow prediction control loop instruction, and the urea flow instruction output by the first PID controller 19 and the urea flow prediction control loop instruction are added by a third adder 29 to obtain a final urea flow instruction; the second PID controller 30 is used as a secondary controller, and the input signal of the second PID controller includes two paths, the first path is the urea flow command calculated by the third adder 29; the second path is total urea flow 17 entering the pyrolysis furnace, and the total urea flow 17 entering the pyrolysis furnace is obtained by adding urea flow signal measuring points 5 arranged at the outlets of the 4 urea flow regulating spray guns; the second PID controller 30 comprises a proportional P, integral I action, the output of which is a urea flow regulating spray gun opening command.
The second subtracting unit 31 has two paths of input signals, and the first path is the output of the second PID controller 30 calculated by the cascade control loop; the second path is a smith estimation algorithm control loop, the urea flow regulating spray gun opening command 18 is calculated through delay compensation of a pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32 and an inertia arithmetic unit 33, the urea flow regulating spray gun opening compensation value needing compensation is obtained, and the difference value of the two paths of signals through a second subtraction arithmetic unit 31 is calculated, so that the urea flow regulating spray gun opening command 18 which is finally controlled and output is obtained.
A control method of an automatic control system of a urea process SCR denitration technology of a thermal power generating unit comprises two parts, wherein one part is PID cascade control, and the control method is used for controlling the output nitrogen oxides (NO X ) Concentration average and outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) Correcting and adjusting the deviation between concentration set values, and extracting main Nitrogen Oxides (NO) at the outlet according to the reaction characteristics of the boiler inside the thermal power unit and denitration equipment X ) The concentration change generates influencing parameters, predictive control is performed in advance, the difficulty of large inertia of urea denitration technology control is overcome, the other part is Smith estimation algorithm control, and urea reduction denitration reaction is simulated by establishing a modelThe control system carries out callback in advance, and delay disturbance caused by large inertia is avoided; wherein the urea flow regulating spray gun 4 controls the urea amount entering the urea pyrolysis furnace 2 in a cascade control mode to regulate outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) The concentration is controlled by the cascade control mode, which is mainly regulated to a first PID controller 19, secondarily regulated to a second PID controller 30, and the Nitrogen Oxides (NO) are discharged from two sides of A, B X ) The concentration signal measuring point 10 is averaged and calculated to obtain outlet Nitrogen Oxide (NO) X ) The concentration average value 12 is the controlled object of the first PID controller 19, and the set value is the outlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) The concentration set point 11 is realized by the operator directly setting according to the requirements, the regulation of the first PID controller 19 comprising a proportional P-action, an integral I-action, when the outlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) When the concentration average value 12 increases, the outlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) Concentration average 12 and outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) A positive deviation appears between the concentration set values 11, so that the proportional P action and the integral I action of the first PID controller 19 start to act, and an action instruction for increasing the output of the first PID controller 19 is sent; likewise, when the nitrogen oxides (NO X ) When the concentration average value 12 decreases, the outlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) Concentration average 12 and outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) A negative deviation appears between the concentration set values 11, so that the proportional P action and the integral I action of the first PID controller 19 start to act, and an action instruction for reducing the output of the first PID controller 19 is sent; four paths are designed for the predictive control loop; first way predictive control loop: the differential control law has advanced characteristic, and for the controlled object with large delay and large inertia of denitration control, the characteristic of effectively relieving the hysteresis of the controlled object by adopting differential control is adopted, and nitrogen oxide (NO X ) Concentration average 12 and outlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) The concentration set point 11 is calculated by the first subtraction processor 20 to obtain the outlet Nitrogen Oxide (NO) X ) The concentration deviation value is calculated by the first differential arithmetic unit 21 to obtain the outlet Nitrogen Oxide (NO) X ) Urea flow command corresponding to the variation of concentration deviation value, when the outlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) When the concentration average value 12 increases, the outlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) Concentration deviation value alsoThe differential action of the first differential arithmetic unit 21 starts to act, and an action command for increasing the output of the first differential arithmetic unit 21 is issued; likewise, when the nitrogen oxides (NO X ) When the concentration average value 12 decreases, the outlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) The concentration deviation value is also reduced, the differentiating action of the first differentiating operator 21 starts to act, and an action command for reducing the output of the first differentiating operator 21 is issued; second-path predictive control circuit: inlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) Concentration prediction circuit for denitration system, under the premise of constant ammonia steam flow, inlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) Trend of concentration change and outlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The concentration trend is completely consistent, the inlet concentration rises, the outlet concentration rises after a certain reaction time, and the inlet concentration is reduced, and the outlet concentration is reduced after a certain reaction time, so that the inlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) The concentration change intervenes in advance to make the urea flow reach the required value in advance to ensure that the nitrogen oxide (NO X ) The concentration is maintained near its set point; in particular, inlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) Concentration average 13, nitrogen Oxides (NO) at both sides of A, B X ) The concentration signal measuring point 9 is obtained by averaging and then calculating, and the inlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) The concentration average 13 is calculated by the first function generator 22 to obtain the inlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) The specific setting parameters of the first function generator 22 are shown in table 1:
table 1: inlet Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) Concentration average value corresponding urea flow instruction function table
The first function generator 22 is set in such a way that it can be operated according to the inlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The change of the concentration average 13 provides the required urea flow command in real time, and maintains the outlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) Stabilization of the concentration average 12; further introducing nitrogen oxide (N)O X ) The concentration average value 13 is calculated by a second differential arithmetic unit 23 to obtain an inlet Nitrogen Oxide (NO) X ) Urea flow command corresponding to the differentiation of concentration average value, when the inlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) When the concentration average value 13 increases, the differentiation action of the second differential arithmetic unit 23 starts to act, and an action command for increasing the output of the second differential arithmetic unit 23 is issued; also, when inlet nitrogen oxides (NO X ) When the concentration average value 13 decreases, the differentiation action of the second differential arithmetic unit 23 starts to act, and an operation command for decreasing the output of the second differential arithmetic unit 23 is issued; the output value of the first function generator 22 and the output value of the second differential operator 23 are added by the first adder 24 to obtain an inlet nitrogen oxide (NO X ) Urea flow command corresponding to concentration average value; third predictive control loop: wind-coal ratio predictive control circuit, nitrogen Oxide (NO) X ) The main factor of the generation is high temperature and oxygen enrichment, and oxygen enrichment is the generation of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) How much oxygen depends on the relative proportions of the air and coal amounts, and changes in air and coal amounts directly affect the nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The total air quantity 14 signal and the total coal quantity 15 signal entering the boiler furnace are selected, so that the nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The earliest change is primarily judged, a total air quantity 14 signal and a total coal quantity 15 signal are calculated through a division operator 25 to obtain an instantaneous air-coal ratio value, then the instantaneous air-coal ratio value is calculated through a third differential operator 26 to obtain a urea flow command corresponding to the change quantity of the air-coal ratio, when the instantaneous air-coal ratio value is calculated through the division operator 25 to rise, the change quantity of the air quantity is indicated to be instantaneously larger than the change quantity of the coal quantity, the differential action of the third differential operator 26 starts to act, and an action command for increasing the output of the third differential operator 26 is sent; similarly, when the division arithmetic unit 25 calculates that the instantaneous air-coal ratio value decreases, the variation amount of the air volume is instantaneously smaller than the variation amount of the coal volume, and the differentiation action of the third differentiation arithmetic unit 26 starts to act, and an operation command for decreasing the output of the third differentiation arithmetic unit 26 is issued; fourth path predictive control loop: the wind-coal ratio predictive control mainly realizes rapidity and belongs to oxygen quantityFor Nitrogen Oxides (NO) X ) On the basis of the coarse adjustment of the formula, taking the complexity of combustion in the boiler into consideration, introducing a boiler oxygen signal to accurately represent nitrogen oxides (NO X ) Is to realize the accuracy of regulation, which is to the change of oxygen quantity to nitrogen oxide (NO X ) Is a coarse adjustment; introducing a boiler oxygen amount 16 signal, calculating by a fourth differential arithmetic unit 27 to obtain a urea flow command corresponding to the variation amount of the boiler oxygen amount 16, starting the differential action of the fourth differential arithmetic unit 27 to act when the boiler oxygen amount 16 rises, and sending an action command for increasing the output of the fourth differential arithmetic unit 27; similarly, when the boiler oxygen amount 16 decreases, the differentiating action of the fourth differentiating operation unit 27 starts to act, and an operation command for decreasing the output of the fourth differentiating operation unit 27 is issued; the four-way prediction control loop is calculated by a second adder 28 to obtain a urea flow prediction control loop instruction, and the urea flow instruction output by the first PID controller 19 and the urea flow prediction control loop instruction are calculated by a third adder 29 to obtain a final urea flow instruction; the second PID controller 30 is used as a secondary controller, and the input signal of the second PID controller includes two paths, the first path is the urea flow command calculated by the third adder 29; the second path is the total urea flow 17 entering the pyrolysis furnace, the second PID controller 30 comprises a proportion P function and an integral I function, the output of the second PID controller is a urea flow adjusting spray gun opening command, when the urea flow command calculated by the third adding arithmetic unit 29 is raised, a positive deviation appears between the urea flow command calculated by the third adding arithmetic unit 29 and the total urea flow 17 entering the pyrolysis furnace, so that the proportion P function and the integral I function of the second PID controller 30 start to act, and an action command for increasing the output of the second PID controller 30 is sent; similarly, when the urea flow rate command calculated by the third addition arithmetic unit 29 decreases, a negative deviation occurs between the urea flow rate command calculated by the third addition arithmetic unit 29 and the total urea flow rate 17 entering the pyrolysis furnace, so that the proportional P action and the integral I action of the second PID controller 30 start to act, and an action command for decreasing the output of the second PID controller 30 is issued; the other part is Smith pre-estimated control, the strategy is specially aimed at the controlled object with large delay and large inertia of urea denitration technology, wherein the pure hysteresis operationThe pure hysteresis link in the algorithm is simulated by the controller 32, the capacity hysteresis link in the algorithm is simulated by the inertia arithmetic unit 33, the loop after compensation is controlled by the Smith estimation algorithm, adverse effect on the system is avoided, the output signal of the original second PID controller 30 is only time-shifted, the working principle of the pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32 is that the input signal is delayed and output, the delay time is the delay time set in the pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32, the working principle of the inertia arithmetic unit 33 is that the input signal is subjected to a certain transition time, the output value is equal to the input value, the transition time is the inertia time set in the inertia arithmetic unit 33, and the chemical process time of urea reduction denitration reaction is simulated by the pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32 and the inertia arithmetic unit 33; when the urea flow regulating spray gun opening command 18 changes at a time above, the urea flow regulating spray gun opening compensation value to be compensated is obtained through the delay compensation calculation of the pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32 and the inertia arithmetic unit 33, and then the urea flow regulating spray gun opening compensation value is calculated with the output value of the second PID controller 30 through the second subtraction arithmetic unit 31, so that the real-time urea flow regulating spray gun opening command 18 is obtained.
Claims (6)
1. An automatic control method for SCR denitration technology of a thermal power generating unit by a urea method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that hot air 1 from a primary hot air outlet, urea solution 3 from a urea pump, urea solution 3 from the urea pump are distributed through 4 urea flow regulating spray guns 4 horizontally arranged, required urea is fed into a urea pyrolysis furnace 2, the urea is pyrolyzed into ammonia steam in the urea pyrolysis furnace 2 by the hot air 1 from the primary hot air outlet, the ammonia steam from the urea pyrolysis furnace 2 enters A, B two-side reactors 7 respectively in two ways, raw flue gas 6 from an economizer enters A, B two-side reactors 7 respectively through two-side flues in a boiler, reduction denitration reaction is carried out in the two-side reactors 7 of A, B, and finally flue gas meeting the national standard after denitration is sent to an air preheater flue through a flue gas to an air preheater flue 8; 4 urea flow regulating spray guns 4 which are horizontally arranged are used for controlling the urea demand of the whole reaction process, so as to control the opening of the urea flow regulating spray guns 4; the outlet of each urea flow regulating spray gun 4 is respectively provided with a corresponding urea flow signal measuring point 5, the inlets of the reactors at the two sides of A, B are respectively provided with a A, B two-side inlet nitrogen oxide concentration signal measuring point 9, and the outlets of the reactors at the two sides of A, B are respectively provided with a A, B two-side outlet nitrogen oxide concentration signal measuring point 10;
step one: proportional integral derivative control PID cascade control, wherein the first-stage PID control corrects and adjusts the deviation between the average value of the outlet nitrogen oxide concentration and the set value of the outlet nitrogen oxide concentration, and the output of the first-stage PID control is used as a part of the second-stage PID urea flow instruction; secondly, predictive control is carried out, the change trend of the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet is predicted according to the change trend of the coal quantity, the air quantity and the oxygen quantity in the boiler, a urea flow instruction required by the predictive control loop is obtained, finally, a path of urea flow instruction required by the process is calculated according to the change trend of the average value of the concentration of the nitrogen oxides at the inlet of the denitration device, the urea flow instructions are added to obtain a final urea flow instruction required by the process, and the second-stage PID and the actual urea flow are corrected and adjusted to obtain an action instruction of the urea spray gun;
PID cascade control is proportional integral differential control, which is to correct and adjust the deviation between the average value of the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides and the set value of the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides through the proportional integral function of PID, extract influencing parameters mainly generated on the change of the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides according to the reaction characteristics of the inside of a boiler of a thermal power unit and denitration equipment, and predict and control in advance; the predictive control loop includes four paths: first way predictive control loop: a differential control loop for deviation between the average value of the outlet NOx concentration and the set value of the outlet NOx concentration; second-path predictive control circuit: an inlet nox concentration prediction circuit; third predictive control loop: a wind-coal ratio prediction control loop; fourth path predictive control loop: the internal oxygen quantity prediction control loop of the boiler, the four paths of prediction control loops are calculated by a second adder 28 to obtain a urea flow prediction control loop instruction; the urea flow command and the urea flow prediction control loop command output by the first PID controller 19 are calculated by a third adder 29 to obtain a final urea flow command; the second PID controller 30 is used as a secondary controller, and the input signal of the second PID controller includes two paths, the first path is the urea flow command calculated by the third adder 29; the second path is the total urea flow 17 entering the pyrolysis furnace, the second PID controller 30 comprises a proportion P function and an integral I function, the output of the second PID controller is a urea flow adjusting spray gun opening command, when the urea flow command calculated by the third adding arithmetic unit 29 is raised, a positive deviation appears between the urea flow command calculated by the third adding arithmetic unit 29 and the total urea flow 17 entering the pyrolysis furnace, so that the proportion P function and the integral I function of the second PID controller 30 start to act, and an action command for increasing the output of the second PID controller 30 is sent; similarly, when the urea flow instruction calculated by the third adding arithmetic unit 29 decreases, a negative deviation appears between the urea flow instruction calculated by the third adding arithmetic unit 29 and the total urea flow 17 entering the pyrolysis furnace, so that the proportional P action and the integral I action of the second PID controller 30 start to act, and an action instruction for reducing the output of the second PID controller 30 is sent out, and finally, the urea flow adjusting spray gun opening instruction of the PID cascade predictive control loop is obtained;
step two: the Smith prediction control loop calculates an action instruction of the urea spray gun, and the action instruction of the final urea spray gun is obtained through subtraction calculation with the output instruction of the first partial PID cascade;
the method is smith pre-estimated control, wherein the pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32 simulates a pure hysteresis link in an algorithm, the inertia arithmetic unit 33 simulates a capacity hysteresis link in the algorithm, a loop compensated by the smith pre-estimated algorithm is controlled, adverse effects on a system are avoided, only the output signal of the original second PID controller 30 is subjected to time shifting, the working principle of the pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32 is to delay and output the input signal, the delay time is delay time arranged in the pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32, the working principle of the inertia arithmetic unit 33 is to enable the input signal to pass through a certain transition time, the output value is equal to the input value, the transition time is inertia time arranged in the inertia arithmetic unit 33, and the chemical process time of urea reduction denitration reaction is simulated through the pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32 and the inertia arithmetic unit 33; when the urea flow regulating spray gun opening command 18 changes at a time which is more than the previous time, obtaining a urea flow regulating spray gun opening command compensation value needing compensation through delay compensation calculation of a pure hysteresis arithmetic unit 32 and an inertia arithmetic unit 33;
step three: the opening command 18 of the urea flow regulating spray gun is used for controlling the opening of the urea flow regulating spray gun 4, and finally, the automatic control of the whole urea method SCR denitration technology is realized;
the urea flow control spray gun opening command compensation value which is obtained by the inertia arithmetic unit 33 and needs to be compensated by the smith pre-estimated control and the urea flow control spray gun opening command of the PID cascade prediction control loop which is output by the second PID controller 30 are calculated by the second subtraction arithmetic unit 31, so that the real-time urea flow control spray gun opening command 18 is obtained, and compared with the control loop without the smith pre-estimated arithmetic, the system can carry out callback in advance, and the disturbance caused by large inertia is avoided.
2. The automatic control method for the urea process SCR denitration technology of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the proportional integral differential control PID cascade control is characterized in that a cascade control mode is mainly regulated to be a first PID controller 19, a secondary control mode is regulated to be a second PID controller 30, an average value 12 of the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides is calculated after averaging the measuring points 10 of the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides on two sides of A, B, the average value 12 of the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides is a controlled object of the first PID controller 19, a set value is an outlet nitrogen oxide concentration set value 11, the set value is realized in such a way that an operator directly sets the set value according to the requirement, the regulation of the first PID controller 19 comprises a proportion P effect and an integral I effect, when the average value 12 of the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides rises, positive deviation appears between the average value 12 of the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides and the set value 11 of the outlet nitrogen oxides, so that the proportion P effect and the integral I effect of the first PID controller 19 start to act, and an action instruction for increasing the output of the first PID controller 19 is sent; similarly, when the outlet nox concentration average value 12 decreases, a negative deviation occurs between the outlet nox concentration average value 12 and the outlet nox concentration set value 11, and the proportional P action and the integral I action of the first PID controller 19 start to operate, and an operation command for decreasing the output of the first PID controller 19 is issued.
3. The automatic control method for the SCR denitration technology of the thermal power generating unit by the urea method according to claim 1, wherein the first path of prediction control loop is as follows: the differential control law has advanced characteristics, the characteristic that hysteresis can be effectively relieved by adopting differential control is adopted, an outlet nitrogen oxide concentration average value 12 and an outlet nitrogen oxide concentration set value 11 are calculated by a first subtraction operator 20 to obtain an outlet nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value, then the outlet nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value is calculated by a first differential operator 21 to obtain a urea flow command corresponding to the variation of the outlet nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value, when the outlet nitrogen oxide concentration average value 12 is increased, the outlet nitrogen oxide concentration deviation value is also increased, the differential action of the first differential operator 21 starts to act, and an action command for increasing the output of the first differential operator 21 is sent out; similarly, when the outlet nox concentration average value 12 decreases, the outlet nox concentration deviation value also decreases, and the differentiation action of the first differentiation arithmetic unit 21 starts to act, and an operation command for decreasing the output of the first differentiation arithmetic unit 21 is issued.
4. The automatic control method for the SCR denitration technology of the thermal power generating unit by the urea method according to claim 1, wherein the second path of prediction control loop is characterized in that: the inlet nitrogen oxide concentration prediction loop selects the change of the inlet nitrogen oxide concentration, intervenes in advance, and enables the urea flow to reach a required value in advance so as to ensure that the outlet nitrogen oxide concentration is maintained near a set value; the specific implementation mode is as follows: the inlet nitrogen oxide concentration average value 13 is obtained by taking the average value of inlet nitrogen oxide concentration signal measuring points 9 at two sides of A, B, the averaged inlet nitrogen oxide concentration average value 13 is calculated by a first function generator 22, and a urea flow instruction corresponding to the inlet nitrogen oxide concentration average value is obtained, wherein the first function generator 22 is set in such a way that the required urea flow instruction can be provided in real time according to the change of the inlet nitrogen oxide concentration average value 13, and the stability of the outlet nitrogen oxide concentration average value 12 is maintained in advance; the second differential arithmetic unit 23 calculates the inlet nox concentration average value 13 to obtain a urea flow command corresponding to the differential of the inlet nox concentration average value, and when the inlet nox concentration average value 13 is increased, the differential action of the second differential arithmetic unit 23 starts to act to send an action command for increasing the output of the second differential arithmetic unit 23; similarly, when the inlet nox concentration average value 13 decreases, the differentiating action of the second differential arithmetic unit 23 starts to act, and an operation command for decreasing the output of the second differential arithmetic unit 23 is issued; the output value of the first function generator 22 and the output value of the second differential operator 23 are added by the first adder 24 to obtain the urea flow command corresponding to the inlet nox concentration average value.
5. The automatic control method for the SCR denitration technology of the thermal power generating unit by the urea method according to claim 1, wherein the third prediction control loop is characterized in that: the wind-coal ratio prediction control loop has the main factors of high temperature and oxygen enrichment, the oxygen enrichment is the most important factor for generating nitrogen oxides under the condition of small temperature change, the oxygen quantity depends on the relative proportion of the air quantity and the coal quantity, and the change of the air quantity and the coal quantity can directly influence the change of the nitrogen oxides, so that the initial judgment of the earliest change of the nitrogen oxides can be realized by selecting a total air quantity 14 signal and a total coal quantity 15 signal which enter a boiler furnace, the instantaneous wind-coal ratio value is calculated by a division arithmetic unit 25, the urea flow instruction corresponding to the change of the wind-coal ratio is calculated by a third differential arithmetic unit 26, when the instantaneous wind-coal ratio value is calculated by the division arithmetic unit 25 to be increased, the change of the air quantity is instantaneously larger than the change of the coal quantity, the differential action of the third differential arithmetic unit 26 starts to act, and the action instruction for increasing the output of the third differential arithmetic unit 26 is sent; similarly, when the division arithmetic unit 25 calculates that the instantaneous air-to-coal ratio value decreases, the differential action of the third differential arithmetic unit 26 starts to operate, and an operation command for decreasing the output of the third differential arithmetic unit 26 is issued, indicating that the amount of change in the air volume is instantaneously smaller than the amount of change in the coal volume.
6. The automatic control method for the SCR denitration technology of the thermal power generating unit by the urea method according to claim 1, wherein the fourth path of prediction control loop is characterized in that: the wind-coal ratio prediction control mainly realizes rapidity, belongs to a coarse adjustment of oxygen amount to nitrogen oxides, considers the complexity of combustion in a boiler, introduces a boiler oxygen amount signal, accurately represents the change of the nitrogen oxides, realizes the accuracy of adjustment, and belongs to a coarse adjustment of the oxygen amount to the nitrogen oxides; introducing a boiler oxygen amount 16 signal, calculating by a fourth differential arithmetic unit 27 to obtain a urea flow command corresponding to the variation amount of the boiler oxygen amount 16, starting the differential action of the fourth differential arithmetic unit 27 to act when the boiler oxygen amount 16 rises, and sending an action command for increasing the output of the fourth differential arithmetic unit 27; similarly, when the boiler oxygen amount 16 decreases, the differentiating action of the fourth differentiating operation unit 27 starts to operate, and an operation command for decreasing the output of the fourth differentiating operation unit 27 is issued.
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