CN115018384A - Building site security risk assessment method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for evaluating safety risk of a construction site, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing an index system for the safety risk assessment of the construction site, wherein the index system comprises a plurality of first-level indexes, and each first-level index corresponds to a plurality of second-level indexes; respectively scoring the primary index and the secondary index, calculating the membership value of each index to each construction safety level according to the scoring result of each index, and constructing a membership matrix according to the membership value of each index; determining the objective weight of each index according to an entropy weight method, determining the subjective weight of each index according to an analytic hierarchy process, and calculating to obtain the comprehensive weight of each index according to the objective weight and the subjective weight of each index; calculating a safety score of the construction site according to the membership matrix and the comprehensive weight; and determining the construction safety level of the current construction site by combining the construction safety level division table according to the safety score.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building site safety, in particular to a building site safety risk assessment method and system.
Background
In the process of large-scale construction and construction in the current building industry, a large number of complex construction links, uncertain factors and other reasons are involved, so that safety problems are prominent, and huge risks are brought to construction units.
The existing intelligent construction site mainly realizes the digitization of a construction link by means of the construction of a traditional informatization system, and a large amount of safety-related business data such as safety inspection investment, potential safety hazard problem exposure or potential safety hazard rectification and the like are accumulated in the operation of the digitization system. The service data are scattered in different sub-service systems, the use of the data mostly stays at the level of surface simple query analysis at present, the correlation among the data cannot be utilized, the construction safety risk of a construction site is evaluated and utilized from the whole layer, and the data cannot be utilized to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents.
China special for 2021, 5 months and 25 days of publication No. CN112837184A discloses a project management system suitable for constructional engineering, a construction safety assessment index system is established for common accidents on a construction site, index weight is determined by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, an early warning mechanism for constructing cloud safety management based on distributed computing and an extension theory is established for a safety index assessment task, and the safety condition of the construction site is quantitatively assessed. Although a construction safety assessment index system is established, the method is essentially used for acquiring meaningful project management information capable of expressing project states, and the problem of construction safety risk assessment of a construction site cannot be really solved.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and a system for evaluating a safety risk of a construction site, which are used to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.
According to an aspect of the present specification, there is provided a construction site security risk assessment method including:
constructing an index system for the safety risk assessment of the construction site, wherein the index system comprises a plurality of first-level indexes, and each first-level index corresponds to a plurality of second-level indexes;
respectively scoring the primary index and the secondary index, calculating the membership value of each index to each construction safety level according to the scoring result of each index, and constructing a membership matrix according to the membership value of each index;
determining the objective weight of each index according to an entropy weight method, determining the subjective weight of each index according to an analytic hierarchy process, and calculating to obtain the comprehensive weight of each index according to the objective weight and the subjective weight of each index;
calculating a safety score of the construction site according to the membership matrix and the comprehensive weight;
and determining the construction safety level of the current construction site by combining the construction safety level division table according to the safety score.
According to the technical scheme, safety related data scattered in each sub-business system are integrated according to a big data processing technology, and an index system for building site safety risk evaluation is constructed by performing business logic analysis on risk factors influencing construction safety.
The technical scheme is based on an index system of the safety risk evaluation of the construction site, an expert scoring system is used for scoring the indexes and constructing a membership matrix of the indexes, and meanwhile, a subjective analytic hierarchy process and an objective entropy weight process are combined to determine the comprehensive weight of the evaluation index; and then, calculating a safety score based on the membership matrix and the comprehensive weight, and determining the construction safety level of the current construction site according to the safety score, so that the construction safety risk assessment of the construction site is realized by utilizing safety related data in each conventional service subsystem, and the aim of reducing or avoiding safety accidents by means of a safety risk assessment result is fulfilled.
When the safety score is calculated, the safety score can be determined by combining the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and using a multiplication and addition operator and a weighted average principle.
As a further technical scheme, the primary indexes comprise safety inspection resource investment, potential safety hazard problem exposure and potential safety hazard rectification; the safety inspection resource investment comprises six secondary indexes which are respectively a project daily inspection proportion, a project weekly inspection proportion, a daily inspection average check-in rate, a weekly inspection average check-in rate, a project leader weekly inspection participation rate and a weekly inspection average inspection response time; the potential safety hazard problem exposure comprises three secondary indexes, namely the number of the potential safety hazards per person, the occupation ratio of the potential safety hazard discovering personnel and the number of the major potential safety hazards; the potential safety hazard rectification comprises four secondary indexes, namely the occupation ratio of the completion of the reexamination personnel, the periodic reexamination rate of the potential safety hazard, the response rate of the potential safety hazard rectification and the passing rate of the potential safety hazard.
The technical scheme is based on a big data processing technology, safety related data scattered in each sub-business system are integrated, the safety related data are integrally transferred to a data warehouse after a series of standardized operations such as data cleaning and conversion, a first-level index and a corresponding second-level index are determined from three aspects of safety inspection resource investment, potential safety hazard problem exposure and potential safety hazard rectification through business logic analysis of the data, and an index system for construction safety risk assessment of a construction site is established according to the principles of scientificity, testability and operability.
Further, firstly, acquiring a plurality of dimensional Data of enterprise inspection, project inspection, hidden danger submission and correction, re-inspection and full-position and the like related to the building construction process, classifying and summarizing original service Data into a Data warehouse from a corresponding service subsystem, and forming Operation Data storage (ODS layer) Data; then, based on basic business logic and a series of common Data rules, performing Data cleaning and normalization operations on the ODS layer, for example, removing null Data, dirty Data, outliers and the like, and forming Data detail layer (DWD layer) Data; and then under specific Application requirements, extracting initial primary indexes and corresponding secondary indexes from DWD layer Data in the aspects of safety inspection resource investment, potential safety hazard problem exposure and potential safety hazard rectification according to the index logic combed out by the Service, and summarizing the initial primary indexes and the corresponding secondary indexes to final Data Application layer (ADS layer) Data after cleaning operations such as Data standardization and the like, wherein the ADS layer stores the final required primary indexes and secondary indexes.
As a further technical solution, the method further comprises: constructing a construction safety grade division table; counting the number of each index belonging to each construction safety level according to the scoring result of each index, and obtaining the membership value of each index to each construction safety level by combining the total number of scoring; and obtaining a membership matrix of the safety risk assessment indexes based on the membership values of the indexes to the construction safety levels.
Further, the construction safety grade division table comprises 5 construction safety grades, and each construction safety grade corresponds to a score range. Because the safety score calculation of the construction site is obtained based on the safety related data of each sub-service system of the intelligent construction site, the safety risk factors of the construction site can be covered comprehensively, and therefore, safety personnel can determine the corresponding construction safety grade only by matching the safety score of the construction site with the score range in the construction safety grade dividing table, so that the safety risk of the current construction site is determined quickly and accurately, and safety reminding and risk avoidance are performed in time.
Further, industry experts and field managers score each evaluation index of the construction safety, count the times that the score of each index falls into each safety evaluation grade, then combine the total number of the scores to obtain the membership value of each index to each safety evaluation grade, and further construct a membership matrix according to the membership value of each index.
As a further technical solution, the comprehensive weight of the ith index is calculated by the following formula:
wherein
，
，
Subjective weights determined for the analytic hierarchy process,
is the subjective weight of the m-th index,
the objective weights determined for the entropy weight method,
is the objective weight of the mth index.
According to the technical scheme, the subjective analytic hierarchy process and the objective entropy weight method are introduced to determine the evaluation index weight, objective errors caused by partial estimation of the algorithm and subjective errors caused by artificial safety risk evaluation are avoided, the problem of weight determination of the safety risk evaluation of the construction site is solved on the premise of considering both subjective factors and objective factors, the index weight closer to the actual condition of the construction site is obtained, and the accuracy and reliability of the safety risk evaluation result are guaranteed.
As a further technical solution, the method further comprises:
determining an evaluation vector of a secondary index
Wherein T represents the comprehensive weight vector of the safety risk assessment index, and R represents the membership matrix of the safety risk assessment index;
determining the median of each construction safety level in the construction safety level division table to form a median vector C;
calculating the safety score of the construction site according to the evaluation vector and the median vector of the secondary index
。
According to an aspect of the present specification, there is provided a construction site security risk assessment system including:
the index system construction module is used for constructing an index system for the building site safety risk assessment, the index system comprises a plurality of first-level indexes, and each first-level index corresponds to a plurality of second-level indexes;
the scoring module is used for scoring each index in the index system respectively;
the membership matrix construction module is used for constructing a membership matrix of the safety risk assessment index according to the scoring result;
the weight determining module is used for determining the objective weight of each index according to an entropy weight method, determining the subjective weight of each index according to an analytic hierarchy process, and calculating to obtain the comprehensive weight of each index according to the objective weight and the subjective weight of each index;
the safety score calculation module is used for calculating the safety score of the construction site according to the membership matrix and the comprehensive weight;
and the construction safety level determining module is used for determining the construction safety level of the current building site by combining the construction safety level dividing table according to the safety score.
As a further technical solution, the index system building module further includes: the index establishing module is used for establishing a first-level index and a second-level index; the calculation logic module is used for determining the calculation logic of each index; the updating module is used for determining the updating period of each index; and the relation module is used for determining the positive and negative relation of each index.
As a further technical solution, the membership matrix building module further includes: the construction safety grade division module is used for constructing a construction safety grade division table; the membership value calculation module is used for counting the number of construction safety levels of each index in the construction safety level division table according to the scoring result of each index, and obtaining the membership value of each index to each construction safety level by combining the total number of scoring; and the membership matrix building module is used for building a membership matrix of the safety risk assessment indexes based on the membership value of each index to each construction safety level.
As a further technical solution, the weight determining module further includes: the objective weight calculation module is used for calculating objective weight of the safety risk assessment index according to an entropy weight method; the subjective weight calculation module is used for calculating the subjective weight of the safety risk assessment index according to an analytic hierarchy process; and the comprehensive weight calculation module is used for calculating the comprehensive weight of the index according to the objective weight and the subjective weight of the safety risk assessment index.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, safety related data scattered in each sub-business system are integrated according to a big data processing technology, and an index system for building site safety risk assessment is constructed by analyzing risk factors influencing construction safety. Meanwhile, by depending on an index system for building site safety risk assessment, an assessment index weight is determined by combining a subjective analytic hierarchy process and an objective entropy weight process; and then, by combining improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, determining a safety score by using a multiplication and addition operator and a weighted average principle, and determining the construction safety level of the current construction site according to the safety score, so that the problems of incomplete safety evaluation and low accuracy of the construction site are solved, meanwhile, the full utilization of safety related data in each subsystem is realized, and the purpose of avoiding safety accidents by using the existing data is achieved.
(2) According to the method, a subjective analytic hierarchy process and an objective entropy weight method are introduced at the same time, objective errors caused by partial estimation of an algorithm and subjective errors caused by artificial safety risk assessment are avoided, the weight determination problem of the safety risk assessment of the construction site is solved on the premise of considering both subjective factors and objective factors, the index weight closer to the actual condition of the construction site is obtained, and the accuracy and the reliability of a safety risk assessment result are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a construction site security risk assessment method according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a construction site safety risk assessment indicator system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a building site safety risk assessment method aiming at the current situation that the probability of building safety accidents is always higher due to the fact that construction workers are numerous, the age structure is larger, the academic history is lower, the field openness is high, the environment is relatively severe, the continuous high-intensity operation is realized, the equipment maintenance difficulty is high, and the engineering project process is complex, and the safety risk assessment method is used for providing quick and accurate safety risk assessment for a building site based on safety related data in the existing business subsystem, so that the purpose of avoiding the safety accidents is achieved by means of the safety risk assessment result.
The method is designed from three aspects of safety inspection resource investment, potential safety hazard problem exposure and potential safety hazard rectification from the scene particularity of the construction site, and a construction safety risk assessment index system of the construction engineering is established according to the principles of scientificity, testability and easy operability. And determining the weight of the evaluation index by combining a subjective analytic hierarchy process and an objective entropy weight method, and then determining the safety score by combining improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and using a multiplication and addition operator and a weighted average principle. According to the method, a subjective analytic hierarchy process and an objective entropy weight method are introduced at the same time, objective errors caused by partial estimation of an algorithm and subjective errors caused by artificial safety risk assessment are avoided, the weight determination problem of the safety risk assessment of the construction site is solved on the premise of considering both subjective factors and objective factors, the index weight closer to the actual condition of the construction site is obtained, and the accuracy and the reliability of a safety risk assessment result are guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step 1, constructing an index system for building site safety risk assessment.
Referring to actual service scenes and specific security risk emphasis points, the security risk assessment index system is summarized into 3 major factors, namely security inspection resource investment, security hidden danger problem exposure and security hidden danger rectification, and the 3 types of factors serve as a first-level index layer. Considering that different service types in actual implementation need different emphasis points in the aspect of security management, a derivative index set is constructed on the basis of a primary index layer by combining different security activity types, and 13 secondary evaluation indexes are subdivided to obtain an index system for building site security risk evaluation as shown in fig. 2.
Preferably, for the safety inspection resource investment indexes in the primary index layer, the secondary indexes are respectively the project daily inspection proportion, the project weekly inspection proportion, the daily inspection average check-in rate, the weekly inspection average check-in rate, the project leadership weekly inspection participation rate and the weekly inspection average inspection response time.
The business calculation logic of each index is respectively as follows:
(1) daily inspection ratio of project
The calculation logic: daily inspection times/effective construction days of the project in the project construction process. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
The positive-negative relation refers to the positive-negative relation between the index and the final safety risk assessment score.
(2) Percentage of weekly examination of project
The calculation logic: the weekly inspection times/the effective construction days of the project in the project construction process. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
(3) Average check-in rate for daily inspection
The calculation logic: daily check-in times of projects/daily check times in the project construction process. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
(4) Average check-in rate for weekly checks
The calculation logic: the check-in times of the project weekly check/the check-in times of the project construction process weekly check. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
(5) Project leadership and weekly inspection participation rate
The calculation logic: project leader shift inspection times/project week inspection times. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
(6) Average weekly check response time
The calculation logic: average (check in time point-check schedule time point). And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: negative indicators.
Preferably, for the potential safety hazard problem exposure indexes of the first-level index layer, the second-level indexes are respectively as follows: the number of hidden dangers per capita, the occupation ratio of people who find hidden dangers and the number of major hidden dangers.
The business calculation logic of each index is respectively as follows:
(1) average number of hidden troubles
The calculation logic: the total number of hidden troubles detected by the items/(the number of times of detecting hidden troubles;. the number of persons participating in the detection). And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
(2) Proportion of people who find hidden danger
The calculation logic: in the actual number of the participants in the weekly inspection, the proportion of the people who find the hidden danger is higher. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
(3) Number of major hidden troubles
The calculation logic: the number of detected major hidden dangers in the weekly check. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: negative indicators.
Preferably, for the potential safety hazard rectification indexes of the first-level index layer, the second-level indexes are respectively as follows: and the occupation ratio of the recheckers, the periodical hidden danger rechecking rate, the hidden danger rectification response rate and the hidden danger rechecking passing rate are completed.
The business calculation logic of each index is respectively as follows:
(1) ratio of completion of rechecker
The calculation logic: and the proportion of the personnel who finish the reexamination among the personnel who issue the hidden danger. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
(2) Periodic review rate of hidden troubles
The calculation logic: the number of the repeated checks is compared with the number of the repeated checks. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
(3) Hidden danger rectification response rate
The calculation logic: (hidden danger adjusting time limit-actual time consumption for adjusting)/hidden danger adjusting time limit. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
(4) Hidden danger reexamination passing rate
The calculation logic: and in the total quantity of the hidden dangers of the reexamination, the quantity of the reexamination passes is proportional to the total quantity of the hidden dangers of the reexamination. And (3) updating period: and updating according to the month. The positive and negative direction relation is as follows: a positive indicator.
After an index system for building site safety risk assessment is built, safety risk assessment can be carried out by relying on the built index system, and the method specifically comprises construction safety grade division, expert scoring and membership degree matrix calculation, weight calculation and safety risk grade determination.
And 2, dividing the construction safety level.
The construction safety level is divided into 5 levels
If the score value score is between 90 and 100, the safety state is extremely good; if the score value is 80-90, the safety state is good; if the score value is 70-80, the safety state is general; if the score value is 60-70, the safety state is poor; if the score value is below 60, the safety status is extremely poor. As shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 construction safety class Scale-Up Table
And 3, carrying out expert scoring and membership degree matrix calculation.
The evaluation indexes of the construction safety are scored by industry experts and field managers and can be used
Represents the scoring of the jth index by the ith expert. According to the scoring result of the experts on each index, counting the number of experts of each construction safety level of each index in excellent, good, common, poor and extremely poor, and dividing the number of experts of each construction safety level by the total number of experts to serve as the index
To construction safety class
Membership value of (m =1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
. The membership matrix R of each index is represented as:
and 4, calculating the weight, namely respectively calculating the subjective weight and the objective weight of each index, and calculating the comprehensive weight of the indexes.
And 4.1, determining the objective weight by an entropy weight method.
The entropy weight method is a method for objectively determining weights. In the field of statistics, as data is more dispersed, the smaller the entropy value, the more information the data contains and therefore the greater the weight. The formula for calculating the entropy value in the entropy weight method is provided by informatics Shannon
In the specific use process, the entropy weight of each index is calculated by using the information entropy according to the dispersion degree of each index data, and then the entropy weight is corrected to a certain extent according to each index, so that objective index weight is obtained.
The entropy weight method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) for the building project under construction, the value of each index on each project is calculated according to the definition of the 13 secondary indexes, namely, the 13 secondary indexes are calculated for each project.
And the value of the ith item on the jth secondary index is represented.
(2) Unified standardization of index values
When j is a positive index, the index is,
；
when j is a negative index, the number of the positive symbols,
；
(3) Calculating an entropy value for each index
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the distribution probability value of the ith item under the jth index is shown.
(4) Calculating the weight of the jth index
Where m is the total number of items.
The objective weight corresponding to each index can be obtained.
And 4.2, determining subjective weight by an analytic hierarchy process.
The analytic hierarchy process is a subjective method of determining weights. On the basis of establishing a hierarchical structure, indexes of an upper layer are taken as targets, the importance degrees of indexes of a next layer are compared with each other, an importance degree value is obtained, and the weight values of all the indexes to a total target are calculated finally through layer-by-layer progression.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) building a hierarchical architecture
The constructed index system for the construction site safety risk assessment can be divided into two layers, wherein one layer of index belongs to one layer, and the other layer of index belongs to the second layer.
(2) Constructing a decision matrix
E represents a target matrix, and the relative importance ratio of every two indexes under the same father node of the same layer is given by construction practitioners or industry experts
，
Indicating the degree of importance of the index i relative to the index j,
larger means relatively more important. Specific ratios are on the scale of 1-9 here, as shown in Table 2.
In the method, the first layer has 3 indexes, and the second layer has 6, 3 and 4 indexes respectively, so that the total requirement is given
、
、
、
4 judgment matrixes.
Specifically, the importance ratio of every two indexes under the same father node in the same layer forms a judgment matrix. That is, for the father node, the corresponding judgment matrix of 3 first-level indexes below the father node
(ii) a Meanwhile, the 3 primary indexes are used as father nodes, and then 6 secondary indexes under the first primary index correspond to the judgment matrix
(ii) a 3 second-level index corresponding judgment matrixes under second first-level index
(ii) a 4 second-level index corresponding judgment matrixes under third first-level index
。
TABLE 2 relative importance ratio Scale
(3) Calculating weights
According to the judgment matrix, calculating the maximum characteristic root
And its corresponding feature vector a. And solving the eigenvalue and the eigenvector of the judgment matrix E in a mode of solving the matrix eigenvalue in linear algebra, wherein the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue is A. The solution equation is:
the feature vector a is a numerical value of importance of each evaluation index, and the weight value of each index can be obtained through normalization calculation.
(4) Consistency check
In order to check the reasonability of internal logic of the judgment matrix during construction, the judgment matrix passes consistency check. The following formula was used for the test:
wherein n is the dimension of the judgment matrix. CR represents a random consistency ratio, CI represents a consistency index, and RI represents an average random consistency index value.
The value of RI is obtained by: constructing n sample matrixes by a random method, randomly extracting a digital construction judgment matrix from 1-9 and the reciprocal thereof, and obtaining the average value of the maximum characteristic root
，
And the calculated RI standard value can be referred to in actual calculation.
Table 3 shows RI standard values of the 1-9 th order judgment matrix. When CR is less than 0.1, the consistency of the judgment matrix is in the logical reasonable range of the internal structure of the judgment matrix; when CR ≧ 0.1, the decision matrix is appropriately modified or reconfigured until the consistency ratio reaches a reasonable range.
TABLE 3 RI standard values
And 4.3, determining the comprehensive weight.
And determining the comprehensive weight of the evaluation index by combining an objective entropy weight method and a subjective analytic hierarchy process. And then, combining the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and determining the final fusion weight by using a multiplication and addition operator and a weighted average principle. The comprehensive weight of each secondary index is equal to the weight of the secondary index under the corresponding primary index multiplied by the weight of the corresponding primary index.
The calculation logic is as follows: assuming that the analytic hierarchy process determines subjective weights as
And the entropy weight method determines the objective weight of
The evaluation index is calculated by the following formula
The integrated weight of (2).
Wherein
，
。
And 5, determining the safety risk level.
Knowing the membership matrix R of the safety risk assessment index constructed in the step 3, and combining the comprehensive weight T determined in the step 4.3, calculating an evaluation vector B of a secondary index layer as follows:
meanwhile, in order to avoid the problem that the membership values are close in the maximum membership principle and the safety level is difficult to accurately judge, a multiplication and addition operator and a weighted average principle are used for determining the safety score, the median values of V1-V5 are respectively taken to form C = (95, 85, 75, 65 and 30), and the construction safety score D of the building engineering is as follows:
and finally, determining the construction safety level according to the score interval to which the safety score D belongs.
According to an aspect of the present specification, there is provided a construction site security risk assessment system including:
the index system construction module is used for constructing an index system for the building site safety risk assessment, the index system comprises a plurality of first-level indexes, and each first-level index corresponds to a plurality of second-level indexes;
the scoring module is used for scoring each index in the index system respectively;
the membership matrix construction module is used for constructing a membership matrix of the safety risk assessment index according to the scoring result;
the weight determining module is used for determining the objective weight of each index according to an entropy weight method, determining the subjective weight of each index according to an analytic hierarchy process, and calculating to obtain the comprehensive weight of each index according to the objective weight and the subjective weight of each index;
the safety score calculation module is used for calculating the safety score of the construction site according to the membership matrix and the comprehensive weight;
and the construction safety level determining module is used for determining the construction safety level of the current building site by combining the construction safety level dividing table according to the safety score.
For any construction site project, an index system for safety risk assessment can be built by relying on safety related data in each service subsystem, the relevance among the existing safety data is fully utilized, and the reliability of the final risk assessment result is improved.
Aiming at different construction site projects, index weights matched with project characteristics can be obtained through the fusion of subjective weights and objective weights, so that the index weights for safety risk assessment are closer to actual construction site projects, differential safety risk assessment is realized, and compared with the existing mode of performing risk assessment by adopting unified indexes, the safety risk assessment of the invention is more comprehensive and closer to actual working conditions.
Preferably, the index architecture building module further comprises: the index establishing module is used for establishing a first-level index and a second-level index; the calculation logic module is used for determining the calculation logic of each index; the updating module is used for determining the updating period of each index; and the relation module is used for determining the positive and negative relation of each index.
Starting from scene specificity of a construction site, risk factors influencing construction safety are analyzed, primary indexes are designed from three aspects of safety resource investment, potential safety hazard problem exposure and potential safety hazard rectification, then, the specificity of different construction site projects and different requirements on different indexes are considered, corresponding secondary indexes are designed below each primary index, and then, an index system for building engineering construction safety risk assessment is constructed according to the principles of scientificity, testability and operability.
And the calculation logic module sets calculation logic according to the service logic of each specific index. And the updating module designs a corresponding updating period according to the actual situation of each building project. The relationship module determines a positive-negative relationship of the index to the final security risk assessment score.
Preferably, the membership degree matrix building module further comprises: the construction safety grade division module is used for constructing a construction safety grade division table; the membership value calculation module is used for counting the number of construction safety levels of each index in the construction safety level division table according to the scoring result of each index, and obtaining the membership value of each index to each construction safety level by combining the total number of scoring; and the membership matrix building module is used for building a membership matrix of the safety risk assessment indexes based on the membership value of each index to each construction safety level.
Preferably, the weight determination module further comprises: the objective weight calculation module is used for calculating objective weight of the safety risk assessment index according to an entropy weight method; the subjective weight calculation module is used for calculating the subjective weight of the safety risk assessment index according to an analytic hierarchy process; and the comprehensive weight calculation module is used for calculating the comprehensive weight of the index according to the objective weight and the subjective weight of the safety risk assessment index.
Implementation of the system of the present invention may be implemented with reference to a method.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (9)
1. A construction site security risk assessment method, comprising:
constructing an index system for the safety risk assessment of the construction site, wherein the index system comprises a plurality of first-level indexes, and each first-level index corresponds to a plurality of second-level indexes;
respectively scoring the primary index and the secondary index, calculating the membership value of each index to each construction safety level according to the scoring result of each index, and constructing a membership matrix according to the membership value of each index;
determining the objective weight of each index according to an entropy weight method, determining the subjective weight of each index according to an analytic hierarchy process, and calculating to obtain the comprehensive weight of each index according to the objective weight and the subjective weight of each index;
calculating a safety score of the construction site according to the membership matrix and the comprehensive weight;
and determining the construction safety level of the current construction site by combining the construction safety level division table according to the safety score.
2. The construction site safety risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the primary indexes comprise safety inspection resource investment, potential safety hazard problem exposure and potential safety hazard rectification; the safety inspection resource investment comprises six secondary indexes which are respectively a project daily inspection proportion, a project weekly inspection proportion, a daily inspection average check-in rate, a weekly inspection average check-in rate, a project leadership inspection participation rate and a weekly inspection average inspection response time; the potential safety hazard problem exposure comprises three secondary indexes, namely the number of the potential safety hazards per person, the occupation ratio of the potential safety hazard discovering personnel and the number of the major potential safety hazards; the potential safety hazard rectification comprises four secondary indexes, namely the occupation ratio of the completion of the reexamination personnel, the periodic reexamination rate of the potential safety hazard, the response rate of the potential safety hazard rectification and the passing rate of the potential safety hazard.
3. The construction site security risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: constructing a construction safety grade division table; counting the number of each index belonging to each construction safety level according to the scoring result of each index, and obtaining the membership value of each index to each construction safety level by combining the total number of scoring; and obtaining a membership matrix of the safety risk assessment indexes based on the membership values of the indexes to the construction safety levels.
4. The construction site safety risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the comprehensive weight of the ith index is calculated by the following formula:
wherein
，
，
Subjective weights determined for the analytic hierarchy process,
is the subjective weight of the m-th index,
the objective weights determined for the entropy weight method,
is the objective weight of the mth index.
5. The construction site security risk assessment method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises:
determining an evaluation vector B of the secondary index as
WhereinT represents a comprehensive weight vector of the safety risk assessment index, and R represents a membership matrix of the safety risk assessment index;
determining the median of each construction safety level in the construction safety level division table to form a median vector C;
calculating the safety score of the construction site according to the evaluation vector and the median vector of the secondary index
。
6. A construction site security risk assessment system, comprising:
the index system construction module is used for constructing an index system for the building site safety risk assessment, the index system comprises a plurality of first-level indexes, and each first-level index corresponds to a plurality of second-level indexes;
the scoring module is used for scoring each index in the index system respectively;
the membership matrix construction module is used for constructing a membership matrix of the safety risk assessment index according to the scoring result;
the weight determining module is used for determining the objective weight of each index according to an entropy weight method, determining the subjective weight of each index according to an analytic hierarchy process, and calculating to obtain the comprehensive weight of each index according to the objective weight and the subjective weight of each index;
the safety score calculation module is used for calculating the safety score of the construction site according to the membership matrix and the comprehensive weight;
and the construction safety level determining module is used for determining the construction safety level of the current building site by combining the construction safety level dividing table according to the safety score.
7. The construction site security risk assessment system of claim 6, wherein the index architecture building module further comprises: the index establishing module is used for establishing a first-level index and a second-level index; the calculation logic module is used for determining the calculation logic of each index; the updating module is used for determining the updating period of each index; and the relation module is used for determining the positive and negative relation of each index.
8. The construction site security risk assessment system according to claim 6, wherein said membership matrix building module further comprises: the construction safety grade division module is used for constructing a construction safety grade division table; the membership value calculation module is used for counting the number of construction safety levels of each index in the construction safety level division table according to the scoring result of each index, and obtaining the membership value of each index to each construction safety level by combining the total number of scoring; and the membership matrix building module is used for building a membership matrix of the safety risk assessment indexes based on the membership value of each index to each construction safety level.
9. The construction site security risk assessment system of claim 6, wherein the weight determination module further comprises: the objective weight calculation module is used for calculating objective weight of the safety risk assessment index according to an entropy weight method; the subjective weight calculation module is used for calculating the subjective weight of the safety risk assessment index according to an analytic hierarchy process; and the comprehensive weight calculation module is used for calculating the comprehensive weight of the index according to the objective weight and the subjective weight of the safety risk assessment index.
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