CN115016396A - Method for programming machining program of metal cutting numerical control machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for programming a machining program of a metal cutting numerical control machine tool, belonging to the technical field of metal cutting machining, which comprises the following steps: s1, classifying and creating a programming template based on computer-aided programming software NX according to the processed material, the machine tool type and three aspects of the rough/finish machining stage; s2, setting a feature processing method of the processing type with the highest use frequency in the programming template, and customizing the processing parameters which are frequently used in the feature processing method and need to be defined repeatedly in the programming template; s3, when a new part needs to be processed, the programmer only needs to call the corresponding programming template according to the material of the part to be processed, the machine tool used in the process and the relevant information of the rough/finish machining stage, selects the geometric body to be processed, and then can quickly generate the numerical control processing program through simple interaction. The method and the device greatly simplify the working flow of programming, greatly shorten the programming time, and improve the programming efficiency and the programming quality.

Description

Method for programming machining program of metal cutting numerical control machine tool

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal cutting machining and discloses a machining program compiling method of a metal cutting numerical control machine tool.

Background

The metal cutting numerical control machine tool mainly comprises numerical control equipment such as a numerical control lathe, a numerical control boring and milling machine, a numerical control drilling machine, a numerical control grinding machine and the like, and the programming method of a machining program mainly comprises a manual programming method and a computer aided programming method. The manual programming method is suitable for parts with less complicated shapes or low calculation workload; for parts with complex shapes and large calculation workload, a computer aided programming method is mainly adopted to improve the programming efficiency and accuracy. The computer aided programming method (CAM) is the current mainstream programming method, which utilizes a computer and special automatic programming software to determine a processing object and processing conditions in a man-machine conversation mode, automatically calculates a tool path, generates a universal tool position file, converts the universal tool position file into an NC code which can be identified by a specific machine tool numerical control system through a post-processing program, inputs the NC code into the numerical control system, and controls the numerical control machine tool to automatically process, wherein the software for the computer aided programming mainly comprises NX, MASTER CAM, Pro/ENGINEER and the like.

The general workflow of the computer-aided programming method is as follows: opening programming software on a computer, entering a programming module, opening a part model needing programming, loading a blank, a coordinate system, a clamp and the like on the part model, selecting a machining type (such as contour milling, cavity milling and the like), selecting a machined surface, setting machining parameters such as a cutter, a cutting three-element, a cutter advancing and retracting mode, a safety plane, machining allowance and the like, automatically generating a cutter motion track by the software, simulating the cutter track, and generating an NC code. According to the conventional programming method, the steps are repeatedly executed when each part is programmed, wherein the step of setting parameters such as three elements of a cutter, cutting, a cutter advancing and retracting mode, a cutter shaft direction, a safety plane, machining allowance and the like is the most critical step in the whole process, the time spent is the longest, the quality of a machining program is directly determined by a setting result, and the setting result is the most critical link which can reflect the level of a programmer. Due to the difference of programmer level, the part machining result is also quite different due to the difference of the parameter settings. In addition, in a production mode with multiple varieties and small batch, the numerical control processing of the machining parts presents the characteristics of multiple varieties, strong complexity and the like, so that the labor intensity of programmers is high, the working efficiency is low, and the bottleneck problem that the response speed of numerical control programming cannot meet the requirement of rapid research and development of products exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects, provides a processing program compiling method for a metal cutting numerical control machine tool, aims to solve the technical problem that due to the difference of levels of programmers, the processing results of parts are quite different due to different parameter settings, and simultaneously solves the bottleneck problems that in a production mode with multiple varieties and small batch, the numerical control processing of machine parts presents the characteristics of multiple varieties, strong complexity and the like, so that the labor intensity of the programmers is high, the working efficiency is low, and the numerical control programming response speed is difficult to meet the requirement of rapid research and development of products.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:

a method for programming a machining program of a metal cutting numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:

s1, classifying and creating a programming template based on computer aided programming software NX according to the processed material, the machine tool type and the three aspects of the rough/finish machining stage;

s2, setting a feature processing method of the processing type with the highest use frequency in the programming template, and customizing the processing parameters which are frequently used in the feature processing method and need to be defined repeatedly in the programming template;

s3, when a new part needs to be processed, the programmer only needs to call the corresponding programming template according to the material of the part to be processed, the machine tool used in the process and the relevant information of the rough/finish machining stage, selects the geometric body to be processed, and then can quickly generate the numerical control processing program through simple interaction.

Preferably, the machining types in step S2 include bottom wall machining, face milling, face profile milling, cavity milling, fixed profile milling, area profile milling, pilot drilling, pecking drilling, boring and the like.

Preferably, the machining parameters in step S2 include a tool, three cutting elements, a tool feeding and retracting manner, a safety plane, a machining allowance, and the like.

Preferably, in step S1, the method for creating a programming template includes the following steps:

s11, starting computer aided programming software NX, establishing a prt file, taking a moban. prt file as an example, establishing processing type program groups according to a conventional programming flow, respectively setting processing parameters which are frequently used in a feature processing method and need to be defined repeatedly in each program group, selecting an optimized processing parameter combination from an enterprise processing technology knowledge base according to the materials of processed parts, numerical control machines to be used for processing the parts and constraint conditions of rough/finish machining stages, and storing the file after a simulation program is correct;

s12, copying a cam _ general.dat file in an installation directory of the computer aided programming software NX, changing the file name into a moban.dat file and storing the moban.dat file;

s13, opening the moban.dat file in step S12 with a tablet, and displaying the "moban" in the moban.dat file as a basic TEMPLATE for CAM OPERATION in the machining environment in the "machining environment" menu, specifically, changing the TEMPLATE _ OPERATION in the first row of the moban.dat file, and the $ { UGII _ CAM _ templat _ DIR } CAM _ general.opt to TEMPLATE _ OPERATION, and $ { UGII _ CAM _ templat _ DIR } moban _ OPERATION } moban.

S14, copying a cam _ general.opt file in an installation directory of the computer aided programming software NX, and changing the file name into a moban.opt file to obtain the moban.opt file;

s15, opening the moban.opt file with the tablet, and pointing the "moban" in the CAM session menu under the environment of "ENGLISH" and "METRIC" in the moban.opt file to the moban.prt file; specifically, the following texts are added on the basis of the original file:

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_ENGLISH_DIR}muban.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_ENGLISH_DIR}mill_planar.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_ENGLISH_DIR}mill_contour.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_ENGLISH_DIR}mill_multi-axis.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_ENGLISH_DIR}drill.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_ENGLISH_DIR}hole_making.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_ENGLISH_DIR}turning.prt

##

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_METRIC_DIR}muban.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_METRIC_DIR}mill_planar.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_METRIC_DIR}mill_contour.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_METRIC_DIR}mill_multi-axis.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_METRIC_DIR}drill.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_METRIC_DIR}hole_making.prt

${UGII_CAM_TEMPLATE_PART_METRIC_DIR}turning.prt

and saving the file;

s16, copying the ruban. prt file saved in step S11 to the subdirectory meter in the installation directory of the computer aided programming software NX;

and S17, copying the ruban.prt file saved in the step S11 to a subdirectory english in an installation directory of computer aided programming software NX, and completing creation of a programming template.

According to the programming template creating method, twenty-four programming templates are created in a classified manner according to four types of materials, such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, steel and the like, commonly used by products of the enterprise, three types of machine tools, such as a vertical machining center, a horizontal machining center, a five-axis machining center and the like, and two machining stages, namely rough machining and finish machining, and the programming requirements of machining parts of main products of the enterprise can be met.

Preferably, the method for calling the corresponding programming template in step S3 includes the following steps:

s31, starting the computer aided programming software NX, opening a prt file to be programmed, and entering a processing module;

s32, in the dialog box of 'processing environment' (as shown in figure 3), the 'muban' options created according to the previous steps appear in the 'CAM session configuration' column and the 'CAM setting to be created' column respectively, the options are selected respectively, and after clicking 'confirm', the customized template programming environment is entered;

s33, the customized processing operation and cutter in the 'muban' option are brought into the prt file to be programmed, the options of each processing parameter are the same as those customized in the compiling template, and the user only needs to select the geometric body to be processed and modify part of the processing parameters and options if necessary, the numerical control processing cutter track can be generated quickly.

Preferably, the present application further includes a maintenance method of the programming template, the maintenance method of the programming template including:

s61, when modifying the programming template, firstly starting the computer aided programming software NX, entering the subdirectory metric in the installation directory of the computer aided programming software NX, finding the template file muban.prt to be modified, modifying the relevant parameters in the existing operation, and then saving the muban.prt file;

and S62, when a new processing operation needs to be added to the programming template file, creating the required processing operation according to the normal operation steps, finishing setting each parameter, and storing the muban.prt file.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to three aspects of a processed material, a machine tool type, a rough/finish machining stage and the like, the invention creates a plurality of programming templates based on computer-aided programming software NX in a classified manner, and programs a numerical control machine tool machining program by using the programming templates, thereby avoiding repeated work such as a large amount of node setting, parameter setting and the like in the programming process, greatly simplifying the programming work flow, greatly shortening the programming time and improving the programming efficiency. Moreover, the processing method information carried in the programming templates becomes and is passed on by the valuable wealth of the enterprise after long-term accumulation and continuous optimization, and the core competitiveness of the enterprise is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a general workflow diagram of a computer-aided programming method;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of programming of a programming template in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a processing environment dialog in an embodiment.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Example 1:

firstly, according to three aspects of a processed material, a machine tool type and a rough/finish machining stage, a programming template based on computer-aided programming software NX is created in a classified mode, a feature machining method of the machining type with the highest use frequency is set in the programming template, and machining parameters which are commonly used in the feature machining method and need to be defined repeatedly are customized in the programming template for later use.

FIG. 1 shows a general workflow diagram of a computer-aided programming method, and FIG. 2 shows a programming flow diagram of a programming template in the present application; as can be seen from the programming flow in fig. 1, the programming flow applying the programming template of the present application omits links of creating various nodes and setting various parameters, and only needs to appropriately modify individual nodes and parameters when necessary, so that the programming efficiency is greatly improved.

In the embodiment, the material of the part to be machined is titanium alloy TC4, the machining types in the working procedure comprise plane milling, square cavity milling, point drilling and the like, the machining stage is rough machining, and the allowance of each surface is 1 mm. With reference to the attached figure 2, the method of the invention is used for compiling the numerical control machining program of the part, and the specific steps are as follows:

starting computer aided programming software NX, opening a three-dimensional model prt file of the part, entering a machining module, calling a corresponding titanium alloy-rough machining-vertical machining center programming template, selecting a machining coordinate system, respectively editing PLANAR MILL (plane milling), CAVITY MILL (cavity milling) and DRILLING (DRILLING) operations (the editing contents are mainly to select a machined surface, and other parameters are not required to be changed if no special requirements exist), completely deleting all unused operations in the programming template, generating a tool track, simulating and optimizing machining, and processing after selection to generate an NC program file. By contrast, the time spent on programming the part processing program by the programming template is 70% of the programming time of the traditional method, and when the programming is carried out by the traditional method, the settings of parameters such as three cutting factors and the like in the programs programmed by different programmers are different, some parameters are not reasonable enough, but the program programmed by the programming template does not have the condition.

Example 2:

firstly, according to three aspects of a processed material, a machine tool type and a rough/finish machining stage, a programming template based on computer-aided programming software NX is created in a classified mode, a feature machining method of the machining type with the highest use frequency is set in the programming template, and machining parameters which are commonly used in the feature machining method and need to be defined repeatedly are customized in the programming template for later use.

In the embodiment, the material of the part to be processed is aluminum alloy 2A12, the processing types in the working procedure comprise plane milling, appearance milling, point drilling and the like, and the processing stage is finish machining. With reference to the attached figure 2, the method of the invention is used for compiling the numerical control machining program of the part, and the specific steps are as follows: starting computer aided programming software NX, opening a prt file of a three-dimensional model of the part, entering a processing module, calling a corresponding 'aluminum alloy-finish machining-horizontal machining center programming template', selecting a processing coordinate system, respectively editing PLANAR MILL (a plane mill), PLANAR PROFILE and DRILLING (DRILLING) operations (the editing contents mainly comprise selecting a processed surface, and other parameters do not need to be changed if no special requirements exist), completely deleting all unused operations in the programming template, generating a tool path, processing simulation and optimization, and generating an NC program file by post-processing after selection. By contrast, the time spent on programming the part processing program by the programming template is 75% of the programming time of the traditional method, and when the programming is carried out by the traditional method, the settings such as the cutter advancing and retreating modes and the like in the programs programmed by different programmers are different, some settings are not reasonable enough, and the situation does not exist in the programs programmed by the programming template.

Example 3:

firstly, according to three aspects of a processed material, a machine tool type and a rough/finish machining stage, a programming template based on computer-aided programming software NX is created in a classified mode, a feature machining method of the machining type with the highest use frequency is set in the programming template, and machining parameters which are commonly used in the feature machining method and need to be defined repeatedly are customized in the programming template for later use.

In this embodiment, the material of the part to be machined is steel 45, the machining types in the working procedure include curved surface milling, profile milling, boring and the like, and the machining stage is finish machining. With reference to fig. 2, the method of the present invention is used to program the numerical control machining program of the part, and comprises the following specific steps: starting NX software, opening a prt file of a three-dimensional model of the part, entering a processing module, calling a corresponding 'steel 45-finish machining-five-axis processing center programming template', selecting a processing coordinate system, respectively editing a FIXED CONTOUR (CONTOUR milling), a PLANAR PROFILE (CONTOUR milling) and a BORING operation (the editing content mainly refers to selecting the cutter shaft direction of a processed surface and a processed curved surface, and other parameters are not required to be changed if no special requirement exists), completely deleting all unused operations in the programming template, generating a cutter track, performing processing simulation and optimization, selecting and post-processing to generate an NC program file. By contrast, the time spent on programming the part processing program by the programming template is 75% of the programming time of the traditional method, and when the programming is carried out by the traditional method, the settings of three cutting elements, a cutter advancing and retracting mode and the like in the programs programmed by different programmers are different, some settings are not reasonable enough, and the situation does not exist in the programs programmed by the programming template.

The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for programming a machining program of a metal cutting numerical control machine tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, classifying and creating a programming template based on computer-aided programming software NX according to the processed material, the machine tool type and three aspects of the rough/finish machining stage;

s2, setting a feature processing method of the processing type with the highest use frequency in the programming template, and customizing the processing parameters which are frequently used in the feature processing method and need to be defined repeatedly in the programming template;

s3, when a new part needs to be processed, the programmer only needs to call the corresponding programming template according to the material of the part to be processed, the machine tool used in the process and the relevant information of the rough/finish machining stage, selects the geometric body to be processed, and then can quickly generate the numerical control processing program through simple interaction.

2. The machining program programming method for a metal cutting numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the machining types in the step S2 include bottom wall machining, face milling, face profile milling, cavity milling, fixed profile milling, area profile milling, pilot drilling, pecking drilling, and boring.

3. The method for programming a machining program of a metal cutting numerical control machine according to claim 1, wherein the machining parameters in the step S2 include a tool, three cutting elements, a tool feeding and retracting manner, a safety plane, and a machining allowance.

4. The method for programming a machining program of a metal cutting numerical control machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method for creating the programming template in step S1 includes the steps of:

s11, starting computer aided programming software NX, establishing a prt file to be programmed, supposing that the prt file is named muban.prt, establishing processing type program groups according to a conventional programming flow, respectively setting common processing parameters which need to be defined repeatedly in a feature processing method in each program group, selecting an optimized processing parameter combination from an enterprise processing technology knowledge base according to the materials of processed parts, numerical control machines to be used for processing the parts and constraint conditions of rough/finish machining stages, and storing the file after a simulation program is correct;

s12, copying a cam _ general.dat file in an installation directory of the computer aided programming software NX, changing the file name into a moban.dat file and storing the moban.dat file;

s13, opening the muban.dat file in step S12 with a tablet, taking "muban" in the muban.dat file as a basic template for CAM operation in the machining environment, displaying it in the "machining environment" menu, and then saving the file;

s14, copying a cam _ general.opt file in an installation directory of the computer aided programming software NX, and changing the file name into a moban.opt file to obtain the moban.opt file;

s15, opening the moban.opt file with the tablet, pointing the "moban" in the CAM session menu under the environment of "ENGLISH" and "METRIC" in the moban.opt file to the moban.prt file, and then saving the file;

s16, copying the ruban. prt file saved in step S11 to the subdirectory meter in the installation directory of the computer aided programming software NX;

and S17, copying the ruban.prt file saved in the step S11 to a subdirectory english in an installation directory of computer aided programming software NX, and completing creation of a programming template.

5. The method for programming a machining program of a metal cutting numerical control machine according to claim 4, wherein the method for calling the corresponding programming template in the step S3 comprises the steps of:

s31, starting the computer aided programming software NX, opening a prt file to be programmed, and entering a processing module;

s32, in the dialog box of 'processing environment', the 'muban' options created according to the previous steps appear in the 'CAM session configuration' column and the 'CAM setting to be created' column, and are selected respectively, and after clicking 'confirm', the customized template programming environment is entered;

s33, the customized processing operation and cutter in the 'muban' option are brought into the prt file to be programmed, the options of each processing parameter are the same as those customized in the compiling template, and the user only needs to select the geometric body to be processed and modify part of the processing parameters and options, so that the numerical control processing cutter track can be generated quickly.

6. The method of programming a machining program of a metal cutting numerical control machine according to claim 4, further comprising a maintenance method of the programming template, the maintenance method of the programming template comprising:

s61, when modifying the programming template, firstly starting the computer aided programming software NX, entering the subdirectory metric in the installation directory of the computer aided programming software NX, finding the template file muban.prt to be modified, modifying the relevant parameters in the existing operation, and then saving the muban.prt file;

and S62, when a new processing operation needs to be added to the programming template file, creating the required processing operation according to the normal operation steps, finishing setting each parameter, and storing the muban.prt file.

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