CN115012210B - 一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布及其制备方法,先以改性聚乳酸、聚氨酯和聚酰胺酸为原料,制成复合纤维,接着利用银氨溶液对其进行表面处理,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,针刺,得到预制无纺布;最后将预制无纺布进行电子束辐照,接着利用三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐进行接枝处理即得。本发明所得无纺布具有很好的抗菌性,抗撕裂性能优异,可用于医疗防护用品的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布制备技术领域,具体涉及一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
无纺布是由定向或随机的纤维构成的,可通过将聚丙烯、聚酯、粘胶纤维等化学纤维、植物纤维定向或随机撑列形成纤网结构,再采用机械、热粘或化学等方法加固而成。无纺布具有质轻、柔韧、防潮、透气、易成形、不助燃、容易分解、无毒无刺激、色彩丰富、价格低廉、具有棉质感、可循环再用等特点。无纺布属于新一代环保材料,是柔性材料生产***中的一个技术含量高、市场需求面广、涉及范围宽的现代材料产业。
无纺布在医疗卫生领域具有非常广泛的应用,如口罩、手术帽、手术衣、医用床单、产妇包、尿布、医用手腕带等,这些产品的特点是直接接触人体皮肤,但人体皮肤非常容易滋生细菌,细菌以汗水中的尿素等人体***物为营养源,不断进行繁殖,同时排放出具有臭味很浓的氨。普通无纺布对细菌的繁殖传染以及交叉感染没有任何抑制效果,并且,普通无纺布的抗撕裂性也非常有限,无法满足医疗防护用品的实际使用需求。
专利申请CN108130745A公开了一种抗菌型医用涂布无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:S1、向丙烯酸酯共聚乳液中依次加入纳米银、壳聚糖、钛白粉、艾蒿提取物后,搅拌得到涂料;S2、将无纺布样品在紫外下辐照后,浸泡于丙酮溶液中40-45min后,用去离子水反复冲洗,烘干待用;S3、采用干法直接涂层的方法将步骤1制得的涂料刮涂于步骤2烘干待用的无纺布上;S4、将刮涂后的无纺布在室温下干燥5-10min;S5、将步骤4中干燥后的无纺布在100-130℃的烘道内干燥18-30min。该专利申请通过纳米银、壳聚糖、钛白粉、艾蒿提取物等配合起到抗菌作用,抗菌效果一般,抗撕裂性很差。而且是通过表面涂布的方法实现抗菌效果,实际上是非常不可靠的,涂层非常容易遭到破坏,抗菌性也随之消失。
专利申请CN113119536A公开了一种抗撕裂无纺布及其制备方法,包括无纺布本体、防水层、耐磨涂层、第一抗撕裂层和第二抗撕裂层;所述防水层、耐磨涂层和第一抗撕裂层依次通过EVA热熔胶粘接在所述无纺布本体正面;所述第二抗撕裂层通过EVA热熔胶粘接在所述无纺布本体背面。该专利技术的无纺布在无纺布本体的正面和背面均粘接抗撕裂层,从而提高了整个无纺布本体的抗拉能力,但是这种多层结构设计本身就存在很大的不稳定性,长时间使用后抗撕裂效果很可能会减弱或消失,另外,该专利技术所得无纺布也不具备抗菌性。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布及其制备方法,具有很好的抗菌性,抗撕裂性能优异,可用于医疗防护用品的制备。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)先将端羧基聚乳酸利用壳聚糖盐酸盐进行改性处理,得到改性聚乳酸,接着将改性聚乳酸与聚氨酯、聚酰胺酸混合熔融纺丝,得到复合纤维;
(2)然后将复合纤维利用银氨溶液对其进行表面处理,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,针刺,得到预制无纺布;
(3)最后将预制无纺布进行电子束辐照,接着利用三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐进行接枝处理,即得所述的无纺布。
优选的,步骤(1)中,以重量份计,改性处理的具体方法为:先将0.01~0.02份壳聚糖盐酸盐加入5~7份水中,搅拌分散均匀,再加入1~2份端羧基聚乳酸,充分搅拌,调节pH=5,再加热至回流,保温搅拌反应,自然冷却至室温,调节pH=7,过滤,水洗除盐,真空干燥,粉碎,即得。
优选的,步骤(1)中,改性聚乳酸与聚氨酯、聚酰胺酸的质量比为5~7:1~2:2~4。
优选的,步骤(1)中,熔融纺丝的具体方法为:将改性聚乳酸与聚氨酯、聚酰胺酸加入双螺杆挤压机中,在温度200~220℃和螺杆转速120~150rpm条件下处理35~45分钟,得到熔融体,接着将熔融体经喷丝板在170~180℃挤出成丝,冷却,即得复合纤维。
进一步优选的,利用5~10℃和10~12m/s冷风进行冷却。
优选的,步骤(2)中,表面处理的具体方法为:在导丝辊的转动作用下,复合纤维匀速通过0.008~0.01mol/L银氨溶液,进行离子交换3~5分钟,水洗,沥干,在100~110℃条件下处理10~12分钟,即得载银纤维。
优选的,步骤(2)中,针刺的具体方法为:先在1500~2000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,结束后在200~300针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,接着继续在700~900针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,最后在3000~4000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺。
优选的,步骤(3)中,电子束辐照的具体方法为:将预制无纺布置于密封袋中,氮气置换密封袋中的空气,35~45kGy电子束辐照10~15分钟。
优选的,步骤(3)中,将电子束辐照后的预制无纺布完全浸没于三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐中,密封后在55~65℃条件下保温处理3~4小时,取出后洗涤,烘干即可。
利用上述制备方法得到的一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布。
上述一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布在医疗防护用品制备中的应用。
优选的,所述医疗防护用品为口罩、手术帽、手术衣、医用床单、产妇包、尿布或者医用手腕带。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明以改性聚乳酸、聚氨酯和聚酰胺酸为原料,制成复合纤维,接着利用银氨溶液对其进行表面处理,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,针刺,得到预制无纺布;最后将预制无纺布进行电子束辐照,接着利用三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐进行接枝处理,得到无纺布。本发明所得无纺布具有很好的抗菌性,抗撕裂性能优异,可用于医疗防护用品的制备。
1、改性聚乳酸是将端羧基聚乳酸利用壳聚糖盐酸盐进行改性处理而得,由于端羧基聚乳酸含有羧基,可与壳聚糖盐酸盐所含的羟基、氨基反应,从而将具有抗菌性的壳聚糖引入聚乳酸结构,使得改性聚乳酸具有较好的抗菌性。
2、聚酰胺酸含有多羧基、多酰胺基、多活性氢、多环化酰亚胺等基团,聚氨酯含有亚氨基,在混合熔融纺丝的过程中,相互交联,聚氨酯分布于聚酰胺酸、改性聚乳酸之间,有利于产品抗撕裂性能的改善。
3、复合纤维利用银氨溶液对其进行表面处理,得到载银纤维,引入了具有抗菌作用的银,可与壳聚糖协同作用,进一步改善产品的抗菌性能。
4、预制无纺布经电子束辐照处理后,利用三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐进行接枝处理,三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐是一种离子液体,具有季铵盐的正电荷特性,对带负电的细菌细胞膜具有高亲和性,从而起到杀菌作用,同时具有阴离子可交换性,进一步增强抗菌性能。三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐接枝处理可与壳聚糖、银协同作用,大大增强了产品的抗菌性。
5、本发明在对纤维层进行针刺时,通过高密度-低密度-低密度-高密度的顺序进行不同密度针刺,大大提高了纤维之间连接的致密性,从而改善了产品的抗撕裂性能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式,对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明一部分实施方式,而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如无特殊说明外,本发明中所有商品均通过市场渠道购买。
实施例1
一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)先将0.05kg壳聚糖盐酸盐加入25kg水中,搅拌分散均匀,再加入5kg端羧基聚乳酸,充分搅拌,调节pH=5,再加热至回流,保温搅拌反应,自然冷却至室温,调节pH=7,过滤,水洗除盐,真空干燥,粉碎,得到改性聚乳酸;
接着取5kg改性聚乳酸与1kg聚氨酯、2kg聚酰胺酸加入双螺杆挤压机中,在温度200℃和螺杆转速120rpm条件下处理35分钟,得到熔融体,接着将熔融体经喷丝板在170℃挤出成丝,利用5℃和10m/s冷风进行冷却,得到复合纤维;
(2)然后在导丝辊的转动作用下,复合纤维匀速通过0.008mol/L银氨溶液,进行离子交换3分钟,水洗,沥干,在100℃条件下处理10分钟,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,在3000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,得到预制无纺布;
(3)最后将预制无纺布置于密封袋中,氮气置换密封袋中的空气,35kGy电子束辐照10分钟,接着将电子束辐照后的预制无纺布完全浸没于三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐中,密封后在55℃条件下保温处理3小时,取出后洗涤,烘干,即得所述的无纺布。
实施例2
一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)先将0.1kg壳聚糖盐酸盐加入35kg水中,搅拌分散均匀,再加入10kg端羧基聚乳酸,充分搅拌,调节pH=5,再加热至回流,保温搅拌反应,自然冷却至室温,调节pH=7,过滤,水洗除盐,真空干燥,粉碎,得到改性聚乳酸;
接着取7kg改性聚乳酸与2kg聚氨酯、4kg聚酰胺酸加入双螺杆挤压机中,在温度220℃和螺杆转速150rpm条件下处理45分钟,得到熔融体,接着将熔融体经喷丝板在180℃挤出成丝,利用10℃和12m/s冷风进行冷却,得到复合纤维;
(2)然后在导丝辊的转动作用下,复合纤维匀速通过0.01mol/L银氨溶液,进行离子交换5分钟,水洗,沥干,在110℃条件下处理12分钟,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,在4000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,得到预制无纺布;
(3)最后将预制无纺布置于密封袋中,氮气置换密封袋中的空气,45kGy电子束辐照15分钟,接着将电子束辐照后的预制无纺布完全浸没于三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐中,密封后在65℃条件下保温处理4小时,取出后洗涤,烘干,即得所述的无纺布。
实施例3
一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)先将0.05kg壳聚糖盐酸盐加入35kg水中,搅拌分散均匀,再加入5kg端羧基聚乳酸,充分搅拌,调节pH=5,再加热至回流,保温搅拌反应,自然冷却至室温,调节pH=7,过滤,水洗除盐,真空干燥,粉碎,得到改性聚乳酸;
接着取5kg改性聚乳酸与1kg聚氨酯、4kg聚酰胺酸加入双螺杆挤压机中,在温度200℃和螺杆转速150rpm条件下处理35分钟,得到熔融体,接着将熔融体经喷丝板在180℃挤出成丝,利用5℃和12m/s冷风进行冷却,得到复合纤维;
(2)然后在导丝辊的转动作用下,复合纤维匀速通过0.008mol/L银氨溶液,进行离子交换5分钟,水洗,沥干,在100℃条件下处理12分钟,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,在1500针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,结束后在200针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,接着继续在700针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,最后在4000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,得到预制无纺布;
(3)最后将预制无纺布置于密封袋中,氮气置换密封袋中的空气,35kGy电子束辐照15分钟,接着将电子束辐照后的预制无纺布完全浸没于三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐中,密封后在55℃条件下保温处理4小时,取出后洗涤,烘干,即得所述的无纺布。
实施例4
一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)先将0.1kg壳聚糖盐酸盐加入25kg水中,搅拌分散均匀,再加入10kg端羧基聚乳酸,充分搅拌,调节pH=5,再加热至回流,保温搅拌反应,自然冷却至室温,调节pH=7,过滤,水洗除盐,真空干燥,粉碎,得到改性聚乳酸;
接着取7kg改性聚乳酸与2kg聚氨酯、2kg聚酰胺酸加入双螺杆挤压机中,在温度220℃和螺杆转速120rpm条件下处理45分钟,得到熔融体,接着将熔融体经喷丝板在170℃挤出成丝,利用10℃和10m/s冷风进行冷却,得到复合纤维;
(2)然后在导丝辊的转动作用下,复合纤维匀速通过0.01mol/L银氨溶液,进行离子交换3分钟,水洗,沥干,在110℃条件下处理10分钟,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,在2000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,结束后在200针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,接着继续在900针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,最后在3000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,得到预制无纺布;
(3)最后将预制无纺布置于密封袋中,氮气置换密封袋中的空气,45kGy电子束辐照10分钟,接着将电子束辐照后的预制无纺布完全浸没于三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐中,密封后在65℃条件下保温处理3小时,取出后洗涤,烘干,即得所述的无纺布。
实施例5
一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)先将0.08kg壳聚糖盐酸盐加入30kg水中,搅拌分散均匀,再加入8kg端羧基聚乳酸,充分搅拌,调节pH=5,再加热至回流,保温搅拌反应,自然冷却至室温,调节pH=7,过滤,水洗除盐,真空干燥,粉碎,得到改性聚乳酸;
接着取6kg改性聚乳酸与1.5kg聚氨酯、3kg聚酰胺酸加入双螺杆挤压机中,在温度210℃和螺杆转速150rpm条件下处理40分钟,得到熔融体,接着将熔融体经喷丝板在175℃挤出成丝,利用8℃和11m/s冷风进行冷却,得到复合纤维;
(2)然后在导丝辊的转动作用下,复合纤维匀速通过0.009mol/L银氨溶液,进行离子交换4分钟,水洗,沥干,在105℃条件下处理11分钟,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,在1800针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,结束后在300针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,接着继续在800针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,最后在3500针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,得到预制无纺布;
(3)最后将预制无纺布置于密封袋中,氮气置换密封袋中的空气,40kGy电子束辐照12分钟,接着将电子束辐照后的预制无纺布完全浸没于三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐中,密封后在60℃条件下保温处理3.5小时,取出后洗涤,烘干,即得所述的无纺布。
对比例1
一种无纺布的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)先将0.05kg壳聚糖盐酸盐加入25kg水中,搅拌分散均匀,再加入5kg端羧基聚乳酸,充分搅拌,调节pH=5,再加热至回流,保温搅拌反应,自然冷却至室温,调节pH=7,过滤,水洗除盐,真空干燥,粉碎,得到改性聚乳酸;
接着取5kg改性聚乳酸与2kg聚酰胺酸加入双螺杆挤压机中,在温度200℃和螺杆转速120rpm条件下处理35分钟,得到熔融体,接着将熔融体经喷丝板在170℃挤出成丝,利用5℃和10m/s冷风进行冷却,得到复合纤维;
(2)然后在导丝辊的转动作用下,复合纤维匀速通过0.008mol/L银氨溶液,进行离子交换3分钟,水洗,沥干,在100℃条件下处理10分钟,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,在3000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,得到预制无纺布;
(3)最后将预制无纺布置于密封袋中,氮气置换密封袋中的空气,35kGy电子束辐照10分钟,接着将电子束辐照后的预制无纺布完全浸没于三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐中,密封后在55℃条件下保温处理3小时,取出后洗涤,烘干,即得无纺布。
对比例2
一种无纺布的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)先将0.05kg壳聚糖盐酸盐加入25kg水中,搅拌分散均匀,再加入5kg端羧基聚乳酸,充分搅拌,调节pH=5,再加热至回流,保温搅拌反应,自然冷却至室温,调节pH=7,过滤,水洗除盐,真空干燥,粉碎,得到改性聚乳酸;
接着取5kg改性聚乳酸与1kg聚氨酯、2kg聚酰胺酸加入双螺杆挤压机中,在温度200℃和螺杆转速120rpm条件下处理35分钟,得到熔融体,接着将熔融体经喷丝板在170℃挤出成丝,利用5℃和10m/s冷风进行冷却,得到复合纤维;
(2)然后在导丝辊的转动作用下,复合纤维匀速通过0.008mol/L银氨溶液,进行离子交换3分钟,水洗,沥干,在100℃条件下处理10分钟,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,在3000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,得到无纺布。
分别对实施例1~5和对比例1、2所得无纺布进行抗撕裂性能和抗菌性能考察,结果见表1。
抗撕裂性能:参考GB/T 3917.2-2009《纺织品织物撕破性能第2部分:裤形试样(单缝)撕破强力的测定》进行测试。拉伸速度为100mm/min;隔距长度为100mm;夹具有效宽度为75mm;无纺布试样尺寸为200mm×50mm,每个试样从宽度方向的正中切开一个长度为100mm的平行于长度方向的裂口,在试样中间距离未切割端25mm处标出撕裂终点。各例均测试5个不同的试样,测试结果取该5个试样的平均值。
抗菌性能:参考GB/T 20944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分:振荡瓶法》进行测试。菌种为金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌,菌液浓度为105~107cfu/mL。首先在三角瓶中加入缓冲生理盐水及无纺布试样,试样尺寸为5mm×5mm,在0.1MPa蒸汽及121℃高温中灭菌20分钟,冷却至室温,用1mL无菌刻度吸管移取1mL菌液,加入上述三角瓶中。为使试样和细菌强行接触,在37℃摇床振荡数小时。取振荡前及振荡后溶液0.1mL涂于营养琼脂培养基上,经37℃、24小时恒温培养后比较。
表1.抗撕裂性能和抗菌性能考察
由表1可知,实施例1~5所得无纺布具有优异的抗撕裂性能和抗菌性,可用于医疗防护用品的制备,其中实施例3~5调整了针刺步骤中的针刺密度控制,所得无纺布的抗撕裂性能明显更优。
对比例1略去聚氨酯,产品的抗撕裂性能明显变差,说明聚氨酯的加入可以促进与改性聚乳酸、聚酰胺酸充分交联,协同改善产品的抗撕裂性能;对比例2省略三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐处理步骤,产品的抗菌性明显变差,说明三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐与壳聚糖、银协同改善产品的抗菌性能。
本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的技术构思,但本发明并不局限于上述实施例,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述实施例才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品个别原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)先将端羧基聚乳酸利用壳聚糖盐酸盐进行改性处理,得到改性聚乳酸,接着将改性聚乳酸与聚氨酯、聚酰胺酸混合熔融纺丝,得到复合纤维;
(2)然后将复合纤维利用银氨溶液对其进行表面处理,得到载银纤维,开松,梳理,铺成纤维网,针刺,得到预制无纺布;
(3)最后将预制无纺布进行电子束辐照,接着利用三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐进行接枝处理,即得所述的无纺布;
其中,步骤(1)中,改性聚乳酸与聚氨酯、聚酰胺酸的质量比为5~7:1~2:2~4;
其中,步骤(1)中,熔融纺丝的具体方法为:将改性聚乳酸与聚氨酯、聚酰胺酸加入双螺杆挤压机中,在温度200~220℃和螺杆转速120~150rpm条件下处理35~45分钟,得到熔融体,接着将熔融体经喷丝板在170~180℃挤出成丝,冷却,即得复合纤维;
其中,步骤(2)中,表面处理的具体方法为:在导丝辊的转动作用下,复合纤维匀速通过0.008~0.01mol/L银氨溶液,进行离子交换3~5分钟,水洗,沥干,在100~110℃条件下处理10~12分钟,即得载银纤维;
其中,步骤(2)中,针刺的具体方法为:先在1500~2000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,结束后在200~300针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,接着继续在700~900针/cm2的密度下进行针刺,最后在3000~4000针/cm2的密度下进行针刺;
其中,步骤(3)中,将电子束辐照后的预制无纺布完全浸没于三丁基甲基铵双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐中,密封后在55~65℃条件下保温处理3~4小时,取出后洗涤,烘干即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,以重量份计,改性处理的具体方法为:先将0.01~0.02份壳聚糖盐酸盐加入5~7份水中,搅拌分散均匀,再加入1~2份端羧基聚乳酸,充分搅拌,调节pH=5,再加热至回流,保温搅拌反应,自然冷却至室温,调节pH=7,过滤,水洗除盐,真空干燥,粉碎,即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,电子束辐照的具体方法为:将预制无纺布置于密封袋中,氮气置换密封袋中的空气,35~45kGy电子束辐照10~15分钟。
4.利用权利要求1~3中任一项所述制备方法得到的一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布。
5.权利要求4所述一种抗撕裂抗菌无纺布在医疗防护用品制备中的应用。
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