CN115007830A - Manufacturing technology of graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel - Google Patents
Manufacturing technology of graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115007830A CN115007830A CN202210695920.4A CN202210695920A CN115007830A CN 115007830 A CN115007830 A CN 115007830A CN 202210695920 A CN202210695920 A CN 202210695920A CN 115007830 A CN115007830 A CN 115007830A
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- aluminum liquid
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- rare earth
- graphene
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Images
Classifications
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- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/28—Melting pots
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
An intelligent manufacturing technology for graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheels comprises the following steps: the invention relates to a large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material intelligent continuous preparation technology, which comprises three parts, namely a large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material intelligent continuous preparation technology, a graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel pressure casting technology and a graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel casting heat treatment technology, wherein the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material is intelligently and continuously prepared through an intelligent smelting device and a deep refining purification device, and the graphene and the rare earth are uniformly distributed in a melt, so that the problems that the graphene is easy to agglomerate in the melt and the rare earth is easy to oxidize and segregate are effectively avoided; performing electromagnetic stirring at the tail end in the pressure casting solidification process, preventing secondary dendritic crystals from growing in the solidification process, and effectively crushing the grown dendritic crystals; the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel casting is excellent in obdurability through a special heat treatment process, and popularization and application of the technology have promotion effects on automobile lightweight, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of light alloy part manufacturing, in particular to an intelligent manufacturing technology of a graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel.
Background
The aluminum alloy wheel has the advantages of light specific gravity, high processing precision, attractive appearance, high-speed driving comfort, good heat dissipation performance and the like, and the loading rate of the aluminum alloy wheel on a light passenger car exceeds 90 percent at present; but the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy wheel manufactured by taking cast Al-Si-Mg as the main material can not reach the large loadOne reason for the requirement of high strength and toughness of the wheels of automobiles (mainly large buses, multifunctional sports vehicles and the like) is that the tensile strength of the material after heat treatment is not more than 270N/mm 2 Yield strength not greater than 170N/mm 2 The elongation is about 7.0%. The second reason is that the mechanical properties of different areas of the cast part made of cast Al-Si-Mg in the prior pressure casting technology are obviously influenced by the supercooling degree in the casting solidification process, the area with large supercooling degree has fine grain size, and the mechanical properties of the material are relatively good; the grain size of the area with small supercooling degree is large, and the mechanical property of the material is relatively poor; particularly, the thickness difference of the rim, the spoke and the wheel disc area of the large-size aluminum alloy wheel casting is very large, a temperature field environment with sequential solidification must be created in the pressure casting process for preventing the generation of casting macroscopic defects, so that the supercooling degree is gradually reduced in the solidification process from the rim, the spoke to the riser area of the wheel disc, the mechanical property of the rim area is the highest for the mechanical property of the casting, the spoke is the second highest, and the wheel disc area is the lowest. At present, there is not an effective solution to this problem casting field, admittedly in product design development process for satisfying product structural strength, spoke and rim plate region rely on increasing effective wall thickness and satisfy, and this also brings the difficulty for wheel lightweight design. In addition, different heat treatment processes have great influence on the mechanical properties of the material, and particularly, the age hardening treatment mode has great influence on the toughness of the material. Therefore, besides expensive forging processing of part of high-end large wheels, the wheels used by many heavy-load automobiles still use steel wheels with large specific gravity, low dimensional precision, poor heat dissipation, high energy consumption and single modeling. At present, the loading rate of the aluminum alloy wheel on a large-load automobile in developed countries in Europe and America reaches more than 80%, the loading rate of the aluminum alloy wheel on the large-load automobile in China is less than 40%, and the aluminum alloy wheel is not widely applied, and the main reason is that the preparation of the high-toughness aluminum alloy material and the pressure casting and heat treatment technology do not reach the technical level of the Europe and America countries.
Lightweight designs are an important part of the research and development in the automotive industry. At present, one of the directions of automobile light weight is the application of high-strength carbon fiber materials to automobile parts; and secondly, the application of the strength of the material in automobile parts is improved by using the particle reinforced light alloy with aluminum, magnesium and titanium as matrixes. And thirdly, controlling the size of the metal solidification crystal grains in the casting process and controlling the size of heat treatment precipitation grains by using a pressure casting technology to improve the mechanical property index of the material. At present, carbon fiber materials and aluminum, magnesium and titanium alloy materials of light passenger vehicles account for more than 80 percent of the weight of parts, but for bearing parts of heavy-load vehicles, parts related to safety characteristics are limited because the strength and toughness of the materials cannot meet the design requirements, and the application of the parts in the vehicles is not effectively broken through.
The reinforcing of the non-ferrous metal matrix particles is continuously researched by technicians and research institutions in the industry, and some research results are obtained in a laboratory stage. In more than twenty years, the research is more carried out on the particle reinforcement of the non-ferrous metal matrix by the rare earth metal. Researchers find that rare earth metals have very high chemical activity and can effectively inhibit the growth of columnar crystals and secondary dendritic crystals; a large amount of hydrogen can be adsorbed in the smelting process to generate stable refractory compounds such as ReH2 and the like; the particle reinforcing effect varies with the ratio of rare earth in the aluminum magnesium alloy; the rare earth elements can effectively improve the supercooling degree of the thick-wall casting in the solidification process and promote the grain refinement; the particle strengthening effect of the rare earth metal is greatly influenced by the smelting environment.
In more than ten years, researchers also carry out a great deal of research on the influence of the addition of the graphene on the alloy performance in the metal material smelting process, and the research finds that the graphene has the lowest density, the highest heat conduction and electric conduction performance and the best mechanical property compared with the traditional particle reinforcement. The traditional particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is mostly limited to the improvement of mechanical properties, but influences the exertion of heat conductivity and electric conductivity of matrix materials. Laboratory researches prove that the application of the graphene provides a new solution for further improving the mechanical property, the heat conductivity, the electric conductivity and other properties of traditional materials including aluminum alloy and realizing high performance and light weight.
In the research process, the rare earth and the graphene have obvious effect on reinforcing the particles of the metal materials such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium and the like, but some problems exist in the application process and are to be solved by researchers. For rare earth metals, the following problems exist in the application of rare earth to particulate reinforcement of metallic materials: first, most rare earth metals are chemically active metals and are easily oxidized, such as: since cerium element is easy to spontaneously combust in air, it is one of the subjects of important research on how to effectively and uniformly add rare earth into a melt in the process of preparing a rare earth particle reinforced material. Secondly, the melting points and densities of different rare earth elements are greatly different from those of the reinforced metal material, component segregation is easily formed in the smelting process, and how to select the rare earth elements for reinforcing the light alloy and how to perform homogenization treatment has great influence on the performance of the material. Thirdly, the amount of the rare earth elements added is important to research the metal material to be strengthened to achieve the best strengthening effect. For graphene in preparing particle reinforced aluminum, magnesium or titanium-based metal materials, graphene also has the following problems in the application process of particle reinforcement of metal materials: first, graphene has a complex preparation process and a very high manufacturing cost. Secondly, the dispersibility of graphene is poor, and when the content of graphene in the reinforced metal matrix is high, the agglomeration phenomenon is easy to occur, and the performance of the material is influenced, so that the homogenization of the graphene addition process is one of the key research directions. Thirdly, the interface reaction of the graphene aluminum-based, magnesium-based or titanium-based composite material is difficult to control, Al4C3 is easy to form to aggregate, and the performance of the composite material is damaged. Fourth, the graphene material has poor wettability with aluminum and its alloys, and is not prone to forming strong interface bonding.
At present, pressure casting technical researchers think that the growth of dendrite crystal grains is controlled by enhancing the solidification supercooling degree, the solidification supercooling degree of a wall thickness area of a casting is increased by adopting an air cooling mode, a water mist cooling mode and a water cooling mode for the wall thickness casting, but the order of temperature fields for sequential solidification in the casting solidification process is ensured on the premise of increasing the solidification supercooling degree, otherwise, casting defects are generated, so that the remarkable effect on the control of the size of the dendrite of the thick-wall casting is not achieved at present.
At present, in the prior art, CN201811331019.9 is a graphene rare earth cerium reinforced Al-Si-Mg cast aluminum alloy and a preparation technology thereof, wherein the preparation technology comprises the following steps: calculating and weighing raw materials, namely aluminum particles, silicon particles, magnesium particles, cerium powder, graphene, iron particles, zinc particles, manganese particles, titanium particles, zirconium particles, beryllium particles, tin particles and lead particles according to the alloy components; step 2: paving a layer of aluminum particles at the bottom of a crucible of a smelting furnace, wherein the aluminum particles completely cover the bottom of the crucible without gaps, the using amount of the aluminum particles is 1/3-1/2 of the total amount of the aluminum particles, then paving other raw material particles except the aluminum particles and graphene, and finally paving the graphene and the rest aluminum particles in sequence to enable the aluminum particles to completely cover the graphene; and step 3: placing a crucible of a smelting furnace in the smelting furnace, closing the furnace door of the smelting furnace, starting a vacuum pump to pump air out of the furnace body, then filling high-purity argon gas to carry out gas washing, continuously vacuumizing to 50Pa, and then filling the high-purity argon gas as a protective atmosphere until the gas pressure is 500 Pa; and 4, step 4: the power supply of the smelting furnace is turned on to start the smelting of the alloy, and the smelting process is as follows: heating for 200-280 s to slowly raise the furnace temperature to 60065 ℃, then after the furnace temperature is raised to 72065 ℃, keeping the temperature for 100-140 s, shaking the crucible for 60s, wherein the shaking amplitude is plus or minus 15 degrees on the central axis of the crucible of the smelting furnace, the shaking frequency is 50-60 times/min, then raising the furnace temperature to 75065 ℃, slightly and slowly shaking the crucible for 60s, the shaking amplitude is plus or minus 10 degrees on the central axis of the crucible of the smelting furnace, the shaking frequency is 50-60 times/min, finally, turning off a power supply, and when the temperature of the molten liquid in the crucible of the smelting furnace is lowered to 65065 ℃, casting the molten liquid into a copper mold for cooling; and 5: and after casting, pumping out high-temperature gas in the furnace by using a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum pumping time is 30-40 s, then filling room-temperature argon, and after 520-580 s, opening the furnace and sampling to obtain the alloy. "this technique has the following problems: firstly, the preparation process of the material is not easy to operate, the potential safety hazard of operation is large, and continuous preparation during large-volume melt production cannot be met. The two graphene and the rare earth cannot meet the requirement of homogenization, the graphene is easy to agglomerate, and the rare earth is easy to oxidize and have component segregation. Thirdly, the rare earth is not fully inoculated, and the particle reinforcement cannot be fully exerted.
Application number CN201811331066.3 graphene rare earth scandium synergistic enhancement cast aluminum alloy and application thereof in the aspect of automobile wheel hub are characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps: 1) calculating and weighing raw materials according to alloy components, wherein the raw materials comprise aluminum particles, silicon particles, magnesium particles, graphene powder, scandium particles, lithium particles, beryllium particles, boron particles, sodium particles, phosphorus particles, titanium particles, vanadium particles, chromium particles, manganese particles, iron particles, nickel particles, copper particles, zinc particles, zirconium particles, tin particles and lead particles; 2) putting the raw materials weighed in the step 1) into a smelting furnace, vacuumizing, introducing high-purity argon to 300-500Pa to serve as protective gas, heating to 600-610 ℃ to melt the raw materials to obtain molten liquid, and then heating to homogenize the molten liquid at 720-725 ℃ for 5 min; 3) raising the temperature to 750 ℃ and 760 ℃, fully shaking and oscillating the stirring crucible at the frequency of 50-60 times/min, and fully alloying the melt; 4) cooling to 650-655 ℃ for casting to obtain a casting alloy, then putting the obtained casting alloy into a box furnace for solid solution at 510-540 ℃ for 5-8 hours, then putting into water at 60-100 ℃ for quenching, then standing at room temperature for 10-14 hours, then treating at 150-200 ℃ for 6-10 hours, and then air cooling to obtain the graphene rare earth scandium synergistic enhanced casting aluminum alloy. "this technique also has the following problems: firstly, the preparation process of the material is not easy to operate, has large potential safety hazard, and cannot meet the requirement of continuous preparation during the production of large-volume melts. Secondly, the graphene and the rare earth cannot meet the requirement of homogenization, the graphene is easy to agglomerate, and the rare earth is easy to segregate. Thirdly, the rare earth is not fully inoculated, and the particle reinforcing function cannot be fully exerted. Fourthly, the heat treatment process is also a common heat treatment process for the aluminum alloy wheel at present, the hardness and the strength of the material are improved, but the toughness is obviously reduced. In addition, rare earth scandium is very low in natural content and very expensive, and is not suitable for industrial production.
Laboratory studies have proved that graphene and rare earth have significant particle enhancement effects on alloys such as aluminum, magnesium and titanium, but in the batch production application process, a series of problems of how to add and melt graphene and rare earth, the addition ratio, homogenization, rare earth metal element selection, continuous preparation of large-volume melt in the production process, control of the metallographic structure of thick-wall castings in the casting process, improvement of toughness through a heat treatment process and the like are urgently needed to be solved by researchers. Therefore, technical research personnel and research institutions in the industry hope to break through the preparation and development technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced material, promote the application of the cast aluminum alloy wheel to a heavy-load automobile, and lay the foundation for the automobile industry to further realize the aim of light weight.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an intelligent manufacturing technology of a graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel, which can effectively improve the mechanical property of an aluminum alloy material subjected to graphene and rare earth composite reinforcement and meet the technical quality requirement of a large-load automobile aluminum wheel.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an intelligent manufacturing technology for graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheels comprises the following steps:
the intelligent continuous preparation technology of the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material comprises the following preparation devices: an intelligent smelting device 1 and a deep refining purification device 2;
the raw material used by the intelligent continuous preparation technology of the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material is A356.2 aluminum ingot, and the intermediate alloy comprises massive Al10, granular Al5Ce, granular Al10Sr and granular AlTiC (n) aluminum-titanium graphene intermediate alloy;
the intelligent smelting device 1 is used for intelligently and continuously preparing a large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material, and comprises the following steps of firstly adding an A356.2 aluminum ingot and Al10Cu alloy into a melting chamber 1-1 according to the proportion of ingredients to be melted to form Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy liquid; molten aluminum enters a primary refining purification chamber 1-3, and special primary refining purification devices 1-2 are used for carrying special powdery refining purifying agents by taking nitrogen as carriers to carry out bottom powder spraying refining for 5-8 minutes every 4-6 hours to the molten aluminum in the primary refining purification chamber 1-3 so as to remove oxide slag inclusion in the molten aluminum and partial atoms [ H ] in the molten aluminum]The components and the temperature are promoted to be homogenized, so that the primary refining purification purpose is achieved; transferring the aluminum liquid to the vortex chamber 1-10 through an aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6, and flowing into the pregnancy and breeding chamber 1-13 from the vortex chamber 1-10; accompanied by aluminum liquid rotating from vortex chamber by 1-10 turnsThe granular Al5Ce can be automatically added into the vortex chamber 1-10 through the feeding device A1-5 with controllable quantity when the flow is moved to the pregnancy chamber 1-13, the aluminum liquid added with the granular Al5Ce flows into the pregnancy chamber 1-13 from the vortex chamber 1-10, and is inoculated for 25-30 minutes in the process of flowing into the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 through the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18 to form the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy liquid containing rare earth cerium; the added Al5Ce intermediate alloy reacts with the aluminum liquid to precipitate CeAl2 phase and Ti2Al20Ce phase which have high melting point and high strength and reach the nanometer grade of particle size from the melt as nucleation particles, and part of rare earth elements can chemically react with atoms [ H ] generated in the aluminum liquid to generate stable and high-melting-point refractory compounds such as ReH2, RE + H 2 ＝REH 2 (ii) a Part of rare earth elements and the oxide slag of aluminum or magnesium are subjected to reduction reaction to generate aluminum and solid rare earth oxide, 2RE + Al 2 O 3 ＝2Al+RE 2 O 3 (S), the secondary refining and purifying effect of the aluminum liquid is realized, so the process has the secondary refining and purifying effect of the aluminum liquid; after inoculation, transferring the Al-Si-Cu-Mg aluminum liquid containing rare earth cerium into a transfer ladle 2-12 of a deep refining purification device 2 through an intelligent aluminum discharging system to implement deep refining purification treatment;
the deep refining purification device 2 takes argon as a medium, inert gas is pressed into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in the transfer ladle 2-12 through the rotor 2-10 to form a large amount of fine bubbles, and oxide inclusion slag and hydrogen (H) contained in the aluminum liquid are carried into a slag removing agent covered on the surface of the aluminum liquid in the process that the bubbles float up in the aluminum liquid; while deeply refining and purifying, the granular Al10Sr and AlTiC (n) aluminum titanium graphene intermediate alloy mixed particles with the diameter less than 1.50mm pass through a controllable amount feeding device C2-7 and enter the bottom of the aluminum liquid in the transfer ladle 2-12 through a guide pipe 2-8 to a rotor 2-10; argon and added particles are converged at the lower end part of the rotor 2-10, granular Al10Sr and AlTiC (n) aluminum titanium graphene intermediate alloy are uniformly dissolved in molten aluminum under the action of argon gas flow, modification treatment is carried out on eutectic silicon by adding Al10Sr intermediate alloy particles, coarse lath-shaped eutectic silicon is refined into fine point-shaped or worm-shaped eutectic silicon, and uniform distribution of the eutectic silicon in a melt is promoted; the AlTiC (n) aluminum-titanium graphene intermediate alloy is added and then reacts with aluminum liquid to form Al4C3 particles with high melting point, high strength and nano-scale particle size, and the addition of the AlTiC (n) aluminum-titanium graphene intermediate alloy can effectively avoid graphene agglomeration and fully exert the effect of reinforcing metal particles. The intelligent continuous preparation and transfer of large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg materials can be realized through the intelligent smelting device 1 and the deep refining purification device 2, so that the requirement of the mass production and manufacturing process of graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheels on continuous supply of aluminum liquid is met.
The pressure casting technology for the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel comprises a pressure casting machine 3 for casting, wherein the four side molds 3-2 are respectively provided with an electromagnetic stirrer A3-3, the central area 3-4 of the upper mold is provided with an electromagnetic stirrer B3-5, and the electromagnetic stirrer can be used for performing electromagnetic stirring at the tail end while sequentially solidifying a rim, a spoke and a wheel disc of a casting in the casting solidification process, so that secondary dendritic crystals in the solidification process are prevented from growing and the grown dendritic crystals are broken to enhance the grain refining effect.
The heat treatment technology for the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel casting adopts a box type heat treatment furnace device 4, and the heat treatment furnace device consists of a high-temperature treatment furnace 4-2, a quenching water tank 4-3 and a low-temperature treatment furnace 4-4;
the temperature of the high-temperature treatment process is selected to be set to 525 +/-5 ℃ according to the Al-Si-Cu-Mg component and the eutectic point temperature, and the heat preservation time can be set to 4.0-6.0 hours according to the diameter size and the effective wall thickness size of the casting; in the high-temperature treatment process, the solute and the vacancy obtain the maximum saturated concentration and uniform distribution in the Al-Si-Cu-Mg matrix, and the corners of eutectic silicon are passivated;
the casting subjected to high-temperature treatment is quenched and cooled to obtain the maximum supersaturation degree of solute elements and crystal lattice vacancies, and a foundation is laid for low-temperature aging strengthening;
the low-temperature treatment is divided into two stages, wherein the treatment temperature in one stage is lower, the temperature is set to be 125 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5-2.0 hours, and the mixture is discharged from the furnaceAir-cooling to room temperature and standing for 4.0-6.0 hours; the mixture is placed in a low-temperature furnace again for treatment, the temperature is set to be 160-170 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-45 minutes, the mixture is discharged from the furnace and air-cooled to the room temperature and placed for 2.0-3.0 hours, and the treatment process can be repeated for 2-3 times; the first low temperature stage treatment precipitates the term Mg 2 Si、Al 2 Cu is highly dispersed and distributed in an Al-Si-Cu-Mg matrix to obtain a very small nano-scale aging precipitation hardening phase which can be used as an attachment nuclear particle analyzed in the next stage of low-temperature aging; the temperature is set at 160-170 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-45 minutes, the material is taken out of the furnace and is cooled to room temperature for placing for 2.0-3.0 hours, the treatment process can be repeated for 2-3 times, part of precipitated phases in the low-temperature treatment process are taken as attached nuclear particles, and part of precipitated phases become independent precipitated phase particles, so that the precipitation item multi-dimensional distribution is facilitated, the precipitated phases are prevented from being aggregated and growing in the same dimension, the treatment process can effectively inhibit the precipitated phases from being aggregated and growing, the precipitated phases tend to be spheroidized, and the toughness of the material is high.
Further, the intelligent continuous preparation technical device for the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material comprises an intelligent smelting device 1 and a deep refining purification device 2, and in order to explain the system device more clearly, the intelligent smelting device 1 and the deep refining purification device 2 of a core device are explained in further detail.
The intelligent smelting device 1 comprises a smelting chamber 1-1, a primary refining purification device 1-2, a primary refining purification chamber 1-3, a window A1-4, a controllable amount feeding device A1-5, an aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6, an aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7, an aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8, a dark flow channel A1-9, a vortex chamber 1-10, a flow channel A1-11, a dark flow channel B1-12, an inoculation chamber 1-13, a window B1-14, an aluminum liquid lifting device B1-15, an aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16, a dark flow channel C1-17, an aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18, a dark flow channel D1-19, a flow channel B1-20, a flow channel C1-21 and a control cabinet A1-22;
a flow channel is arranged between the melting chamber 1-1 and the primary refining purification chamber 1-3; the middle of the left furnace wall of the primary refining and purifying chamber 1-3 is provided with a primary refining and purifying device 1-2, and the control cabinet A1-22 can intelligently control the time and the time of the primary refining and purifying device 1-2 for carrying out furnace bottom powder injection refining on the molten aluminum in the primary refining and purifying chamber 1-3 and the addition amount of a refining agent so as to realize the intelligent control of the primary refining and purifying process; an aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 and a vortex chamber 1-10 are arranged on the right side of the primary refining purification chamber 1-3, and a dark flow passage A1-9 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace wall of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 and the primary refining purification chamber 1-3; an aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6 is installed on the rear furnace wall of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8, and the liquid level of the aluminum liquid can be raised in the working process of the aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6; a launder A1-11 is arranged on the upper side of the furnace wall between the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 and the vortex chamber 1-10, and aluminum liquid flows into the vortex chamber 1-10 from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 through the launder A1-11; the controllable amount feeding device A1-5 is installed on the front side wall of the vortex chamber 1-10, and the controllable amount feeding device A1-5 can control the adding time, the adding time period and the adding amount of the granular Al5Ce intermediate alloy under the control of the control cabinet A1-22 so as to realize the intelligent control of the adding of the auxiliary materials in the smelting process; the pregnant room 1-13 is arranged at the right side of the aluminum liquid lifting room A1-8 and the eddy chamber 1-10, an aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7 is arranged between the aluminum liquid lifting room A1-8 and the pregnant room 1-13, and when the aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7 is closed, the aluminum liquid flows from the aluminum liquid lifting room A1-8 to the eddy chamber 1-10 through a flow groove A1-11; when the aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7 is started, aluminum liquid directly flows from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 to the pregnant chamber 1-13 through the L-shaped launder 1-7-8, and the purpose is to completely release the primary refining and purifying chamber 1-3, the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8, the inoculation chamber 1-13 through the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18 and the launder C1-21 when the intelligent smelting device 1 stops production or fails; the dark flow passage B1-12 is connected with the vortex chamber 1-10 and the pregnancy chamber 1-13, the dark flow passage B1-12 is arranged in the middle area of the bottom of the right side wall of the vortex chamber 1-10; the bottom of the pregnancy-breeding chamber 1-13 is 200-300 mm lower than the bottom of the vortex chamber 1-10, when the aluminum liquid in the vortex chamber 1-10 flows into the pregnancy-breeding chamber 1-13 through the dark flow passage B1-12, the central area of the liquid surface of the vortex chamber 1-10 forms a vortex; an aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 and an aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18 are arranged on the right side of the pregnant chamber 1-13; the bottom parts of the pregnant room 1-13 and the aluminum liquid emergency treatment room 1-18 are provided with a dark flow passage C1-17; a dark flow channel D1-19 is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the side wall between the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 and the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18; an aluminum liquid lifting device B1-15 is arranged on the left side wall of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16, a launder B1-20 is arranged at the middle upper part of the right side of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16, and aluminum liquid can be transferred from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 to a transfer ladle 2-12 in the deep primary refining and purifying device 2 through launders 1-20 in the working process of the aluminum liquid lifting device B1-15; the bottom of the right furnace wall of the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18 is provided with a launder C1-21, so that the aluminum liquid can be transferred out when the intelligent aluminum discharging device fails in the production process or the intelligent smelting device 1 stops producing;
the window A1-4 is arranged on the primary refining purification chamber 1-3; scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid in the primary refining and purifying chamber 1-3 can be removed through the window A1-4;
the window B1-14 is arranged on the pregnant room 1-13; scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid in the inoculation chambers 1-13 can be removed through the windows B1-14;
the aluminum liquid lifting device B1-15, the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16, the launder B1-20 and the control cabinet A1-22 form an intelligent aluminum discharging system, so that the prepared aluminum liquid can be intelligently transferred, the operation of workers in the production process is safe and convenient, and the batch continuous production and manufacturing are facilitated;
the deep refining purification device 2 comprises a control cabinet B2-1, a lead 2-2, an argon storage bottle 2-3, a pressure regulating valve A2-4, a pressure gauge A2-5, an argon guide pipe 2-6, a controllable amount feeding device C2-7, a particulate matter guide pipe 2-8, a driving motor A2-9, a rotor 2-10, a protective cover 2-11, a transfer ladle 2-12, an oil cylinder 2-13, an oil pump 2-14 and a support 2-15;
the control cabinet B2-1 is respectively connected with a controllable amount feeding device C2-7, a driving motor A2-9 and an oil pump 2-14 through a lead 2-2;
one end of the particulate matter conduit 2-8 is connected with a controllable amount feeding device C2-7; the other end of the particulate matter conduit 2-8 is connected with the rotor 2-10; the adding time, the adding time and the adding speed of the additives in the aluminum liquid can be controlled by the controllable amount feeding device C2-7, so that the intelligent control of the additives in the deep refining purification process is realized;
the pressure regulating valve A2-4 and the pressure gauge A2-5 are connected in series on the argon guide pipe 2-6; one end of the argon guide pipe 2-6 is connected with an argon storage bottle 2-3, and the other end of the argon guide pipe 2-6 is connected with a rotor 2-10; argon enters the bottom of the rotor 2-10 through the argon guide pipe 2-6 to perform blowing purification on the aluminum liquid;
the driving motor A2-9 is connected with the rotor 2-10 through a belt, and the deep refining purification process parameters are set through the control cabinet B2-1 to control the driving motor A2-9, so that the working time, the rotating speed and the rotating time of the rotor 2-10 are controlled;
the driving motor A2-9 is installed at the left side of the shield 2-11, and the rotor 2-10 is installed at the central area of the shield 2-11;
the oil cylinder 2-13 is arranged in the central area of the upper part of the bracket 2-15, the oil inlet pipe and the oil discharge pipe of the oil cylinder 2-13 are connected with the oil pump 2-14, the oil pump 2-14 is arranged on the right side of the upper part of the bracket 2-15, one end of the oil cylinder 2-13 is connected with the protective cover 2-11, the oil pump 2-14 controls the oil cylinder 2-13, the protective cover 2-11 can be controlled to move up and down by controlling the oil cylinder 2-13, and the protective cover 2-11 can move up and down to drive the rotor 2-10 to move up and down, so that the depth of the rotor 2-10 in the molten aluminum in the transfer ladle 2-12 can be adjusted;
when the aluminum liquid is deeply refined and purified, Al10Sr intermediate alloy and aluminum titanium graphene intermediate alloy particles which are crushed into particles with the diameter less than 1.50mm are filled into a storage tank of a controllable amount feeding device C2-7, the working time and the working speed of the controllable amount feeding device C2-7 are controlled through a control cabinet B2-1, so that the purpose of controlling the adding time, the adding amount and the adding speed of particles is achieved; the pressure of the gas medium is adjusted by controlling a pressure regulating valve A2-4 to control the flow of the refining and purifying process gas; the argon guide pipe 2-6 and the particle guide pipe 2-8 are converged at the bottom of the rotor 2-10, argon, Al10Sr alloy and aluminum titanium graphene alloy particles are blown into the molten aluminum during the rotation process of the rotor 2-10, and the Al10Sr alloy and the aluminum titanium graphene alloy particles are uniformly melted in the molten aluminum while deep refining and purifying hydrogen and low-density slag inclusion dissolved in the molten aluminum; according to the technical scheme, the aluminum-titanium-graphene alloy is added, the graphene is uniformly distributed in the melt, the particle reinforcing effect is obvious, and the defects that the graphene is not uniformly distributed in the melt and is easy to agglomerate can be effectively overcome.
Further, the primary refining purification apparatus 1-2 will be described in further detail for the purpose of more clearly describing the apparatus.
The primary refining and purifying device 1-2 comprises a controllable amount feeding device B1-2-1, a refining agent conveying pipe 1-2-2, an air pipe 1-2-3, a pressure regulating valve B1-2-4, a pressure gauge B1-2-5, a ceramic pipe A1-2-6, a ceramic pipe B1-2-7, a refractory brick A1-2-8, a connector 1-2-9, a refractory brick B1-2-10 and a ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11;
one end of the refining agent conveying pipe 1-2-2 is connected with a controllable amount feeding device B1-2-1, the other end of the refining agent conveying pipe is connected with a ceramic pipe B1-2-7, the ceramic pipe B1-2-7 is connected with a connector 1-2-9, and a refining agent can be conveyed into the connector 1-2-9;
the pressure regulating valve B1-2-4 and the pressure gauge B1-2-5 are connected in series on the air pipe 1-2-3, one end of the air pipe 1-2-3 is connected with the nitrogen tank 2-3, the other end is connected with the ceramic pipe A1-2-6, the ceramic pipe A1-2-6 is connected with the connector 1-2-9, and nitrogen medium can be conveyed into the connector 1-2-9;
four ceramic powder spraying branch pipes 1-2-11 are respectively connected with the connectors 1-2-9 at intervals of 900, and small holes of 2-3 mm are uniformly distributed on the ceramic powder spraying branch pipes 1-2-11 and are spraying holes for nitrogen medium and refining agent powder; covering refractory bricks A1-2-8 on the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11, wherein 2-3 mm small holes are distributed on the refractory bricks A1-2-8 and correspond to the positions of the small holes distributed on the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11, and the refractory bricks A (1-2-8) are honeycomb-shaped, wherein four side surfaces and one bottom surface are compact; a plurality of layers of refractory bricks B1-2-10 are laid under the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11, and the refractory bricks B1-2-10 are compact refractory bricks;
the nitrogen medium and the added refining agent are gathered in the connector 1-2-9, the refining agent is carried under the pressure of the nitrogen medium and sprayed out from the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11, and the powder spraying refining purification is carried out on the aluminum liquid in the primary refining purification chamber 1-3 through the refractory brick B1-2-10; the device is good to the primary concise purifying effect of aluminium liquid, and can prevent primary concise clean room stove bottom slagging scorification, increase of service life has also realized the intelligent management and control to the primary concise purification of aluminium liquid.
Further, the aluminum liquid flow direction control devices 1 to 7 will be described in further detail for clearer description of the devices.
The aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7 comprises a guide column 1-7-1, a guide block 1-7-2, a threaded column 1-7-3, a threaded sleeve 1-7-4, a driving motor B1-7-5, a ceramic rod 1-7-6, a cone frustum-shaped plugging head 1-7-8 and an L-shaped flow channel 1-7-9;
the threaded sleeve 1-7-4 is assembled with the threaded column 1-7-3, the guide block 1-7-2 is assembled with the guide column 1-7-1, the driving motor B1-7-5 is assembled with the threaded sleeve 1-7-4, and the guide block 1-7-2 is connected with the threaded sleeve 1-7-4;
one end of the ceramic rod 1-7-6 is connected with the guide block 1-7-2, and the other end of the ceramic rod 1-7-6 is connected with the cone frustum-shaped plugging head 1-7-8;
the driving motor B1-7-5 can control the positive and negative rotation of the threaded column 1-7-3 under the control of the control cabinet A1-22, the positive and negative rotation of the threaded column 1-7-3 can drive the threaded sleeve 1-7-4 to drive the guide block 1-7-2, the ceramic rod 1-7-6 and the cone frustum-shaped plugging head 1-7-8 to move up and down, thereby controlling the circulation or closing of the L-shaped flow channel 1-7-9, and controlling the flow direction of the aluminum liquid from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 to the vortex chamber 1-10 or the flow direction of the aluminum liquid from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 to the pregnancy chamber 1-13 directly through the L-shaped flow channel 1-7-9;
further, the controlled dosing device C2-7 will be described in further detail for a clearer explanation of the device.
The quantity-controllable feeding device C2-7 comprises a material storage tank 2-7-1, a servo motor 2-7-2 and a feeding gear 2-7-3;
a discharge port of the material storage tank 2-7-1 is assembled with the feeding gear 2-7-3, the servo motor 2-7-2 is connected with the feeding gear 2-7-3, the servo motor 2-7-2 can control the rotation speed of the feeding gear 2-7-3, and the rotation speed of the feeding gear 2-7-3 can control the feeding speed; the feeding time, speed and feeding time can be controlled under the control of the servo motor 2-7-2 of the control cabinet A1-22, so that the intelligent feeding function is achieved;
further, the special refining purifying agent used in the primary refining purifying process consists of fluoride, chloride, rare earth compound and exothermic substance, and the formula is as follows: fluoride CaF 2 6～12％，Na 3 AlF 6 20～30％(ii) a Chloride, NaCl 8-15%, KCl 3-7%, MgCl 2 3-7%; rare earth RE x M Y 10-20%; heating substance K 2 CO 3 20-30% of graphite powder and 3-7% of graphite powder; the refining purifying agent has strong capacity of adsorbing and separating oxide slag inclusion after floating on the surface of the aluminum liquid, has good refining effect on the oxide slag inclusion of aluminum and magnesium contained in the aluminum liquid, and has excellent heat preservation and air suction prevention performance on the aluminum liquid.
Further, the intelligent continuous preparation technology of the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material comprises the detailed preparation process steps of:
step 1: calculating the adding quantity of each added material according to the proportion and weighing;
step 2: adding A356.2 and Al10Cu into a melting chamber 1-1 according to the proportion for melting, setting the atmosphere temperature of the melting chamber 1-1 at 760 +/-5 ℃, melting A356.2 and Al10Cu, then entering a primary refining purification chamber 1-3, setting the temperature of aluminum liquid in the primary refining purification chamber 1-3 at 750 +/-5 ℃ and preserving heat;
and step 3: carrying out powder spraying refining on the aluminum liquid in the primary refining and purifying chamber 1-3 every 4-6 hours by using the primary refining and purifying device 1-2, wherein the powder spraying refining time is 5-8 minutes, and the method comprises the steps of spraying 3-4 Kg of special refining slag-removing agent into the aluminum liquid by using nitrogen as a carrier through the primary refining and purifying device 1-2, and removing oxide slag and partial atoms [ H ] in the aluminum liquid to achieve the primary refining and purifying purpose of the aluminum liquid;
and 4, step 4: opening an aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6, automatically transferring the aluminum liquid to a pregnancy and development room 1-13 according to production requirements, adding weighed granular Al5Ce into a material storage tank of a controllable amount feeding device A1-5 according to batching calculation, adding granular Al5Ce into a vortex of a vortex chamber 1-10, then gradually entering the pregnancy and development room 1-13,
the temperature of the pregnancy room is set at 745 +/-5 ℃ at 1-13 ℃, the purpose is that the added Al5Ce alloy and the aluminum liquid are subjected to chemical reaction to produce high-melting-point hard particle phase, and meanwhile, the aluminum liquid has the effects of secondary deslagging and refining and purifying for removing atoms (H); the aluminum liquid flows into the pregnancy chamber 1-13 from the swirl chamber 1-10 and then is transferred into the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 for about 25-30 min, and the process promotes the uniform distribution of rare earth cerium in the aluminum liquid, generates a particle strengthening phase and is further combined with hydrogen;
step 5, transferring the inoculated aluminum liquid into a transfer ladle 2-12 through an intelligent aluminum discharging system, and transferring the transfer ladle 2-12 to a deep refining purification device 2 for deep refining purification treatment;
step 6: calculating Al10Sr alloy and aluminum-titanium graphene alloy to be added according to the weight of the aluminum liquid put into the transfer ladle 2-12; crushing the alloy to be added into particles with the particle size within 1.5mm, and filling the particles into a material storage tank of a controllable amount feeding device C; setting the rotating speed and the working time of a driving motor A2-9 on a control cabinet B2-1 to control the adding speed and the adding amount of the Al10Sr alloy and the aluminum-titanium graphene alloy; the pressure regulating valve A2-4 and the oil pump 2-14 are adjusted to control the pressure and the flow of the gas and the distance between the rotor 2-10 and the bottom of the tundish 2-12, and the deep primary refining purification device 2 also plays a role in deep refining purification of the hydrogen and low-density slag inclusion in the molten aluminum.
And 7: after the deep refining purification is finished, the oil pump 2-14 controls the protective cover 2-11 to lift to a certain height, the transfer ladle 2-12 is moved out, scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid in the ladle is removed, and the aluminum liquid is prepared to be transferred into a heat preservation furnace of the pressure casting machine 3.
Further, the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel pressure casting technology is used for manufacturing a casting by the pressure casting machine 3, and in order to more clearly describe the device of the pressure casting machine 3, the pressure casting machine 3 as a core device will be further described in detail.
The pressure casting machine 3 consists of a control cabinet C3-1, a side die 3-2, an electromagnetic stirrer A3-3, an upper die 3-4, an electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 and a bottom die 3-6;
the side die 3-2 consists of 4 blocks; the side die 3-2, the upper die 3-4 and the bottom die 3-6 form a metal mold pressure casting mold; the electromagnetic stirrers A3-3 are respectively arranged in the middle of the 4 side dies; the electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 is arranged in the central area of the upper die; the electromagnetic stirrer A3-3 and the electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 are connected with the control cabinet 3-1 through leads;
the tail end electromagnetic stirring is implemented when the melt begins to solidify in the casting process, and aims to crush the growing dendrite arms and prevent the secondary dendrite arms from growing so as to be beneficial to grain refinement;
the electromagnetic stirrer A3-3 is started when pressure casting and mold filling are finished and pressure maintaining is started, the starting time is 20-30 seconds, and the electromagnetic stirrer aims to perform electromagnetic stirring at the tail end in the rim crystallization and solidification process, so that the formed reinforced particle items are uniformly distributed, long secondary dendritic arms are crushed, and grain refinement is facilitated;
the electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 is started at the time of starting pressure casting and mold filling, and is started after pressure maintaining starts for 15-20 seconds, and the starting time is up to the end of pressure maintaining, so that the electromagnetic stirring is carried out on the tail end of the crystallization and solidification process of the spoke and the wheel disc, the formed reinforced particle items are uniformly distributed, long secondary dendritic crystal arms are crushed, and grain refinement is facilitated;
when the electromagnetic stirrer A3-3 works, the technological parameters are that the stirring current is 5.0-10.0A, and the frequency is 30-50 Hz; when the electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 works, the technological parameters are that the stirring current is 15-25A, and the frequency is 30-50 Hz.
Further, according to the heat treatment technology for the graphene and rare earth composite particle reinforced aluminum wheel casting, the box type heat treatment furnace 4 device is adopted for heat treatment of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel casting, and in order to explain the system device more clearly, the box type heat treatment furnace 4 device as a core device is explained in further detail.
The box-type heat treatment furnace 4 comprises a control cabinet D4-1, a high-temperature treatment furnace 4-2, a quenching water tank 4-3 and a low-temperature treatment furnace 4-4;
the control cabinet D4-1 controls the temperature of the high-temperature treatment furnace 4-2 and the low-temperature treatment furnace 4-4; 2 high-temperature treatment furnaces 4-2 are used for carrying out high-temperature stage heat treatment on the castings; the quenching water tank 4-3 cools the casting subjected to high-temperature treatment; the low-temperature treatment furnace 4-4 performs low-temperature stage heat treatment on the quenched casting to improve the strength of the material.
Further, the temperature in the high-temperature treatment process is selected according to the Al-Si-Cu-Mg component and the eutectic point temperature, the temperature in the high-temperature treatment process is set to be 525 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be set to be 4.0-6.0 hours according to the diameter size and the effective wall thickness size of the casting; in the high-temperature treatment process of the casting, the corners of the eutectic silicon are smooth through heating and heat preservation, the solute is uniformly distributed, the plasticity of the material is improved, and the maximum solubility of the solute components and crystal lattice vacancies is obtained in the high-temperature treatment process; the quenching water tank is quenched and cooled to obtain the maximum supersaturation degree of solute components and crystal lattice vacancies, and a foundation is laid for treating an age hardening mechanism at a low temperature; the low-temperature treatment is divided into two stages, wherein the treatment temperature in one stage is lower and is set at 125 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5-2.0 hours, the aim is to obtain dispersed precipitated particle reinforced phases with the size reaching the nanometer level, the particles are taken out of the furnace and are cooled to room temperature for 4-6 hours, the particles are placed in the low-temperature furnace again for treatment, the temperature is set at 165 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-45 minutes, the particles are taken out of the furnace and are cooled for 2-3 times at room temperature, the treatment process can be repeated for 2-3 times, the aim is to ensure that the precipitated phases with the size of the nanometer level are dispersed and distributed in the low-temperature treatment in the last stage, the precipitated particle reinforced phases in the last stage are used as the attachment cores of the precipitates in the low-temperature treatment process again, the toughness of the material is continuously improved, and the treatment process can avoid the aggregate segregation of the precipitated phases from influencing the toughness of the material.
The graphene rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel of the truck prepared by the device and the production process effectively solves the problems of graphene agglomeration in metal materials, oxidation and inoculation of rare earth elements in the addition process, thick-wall castings with thick dendrites due to solidification and supercooling degree and low toughness after heat treatment, the prepared alloy solute elements are high in homogenization degree, the generated particles are large in enhancement term, and the enhancement effect is obvious. The elongation rate of the composite particle reinforced nonferrous alloy exceeds 10 percent, the tensile strength of the composite particle reinforced nonferrous alloy exceeds 330Mpa, the yield strength of the composite particle reinforced nonferrous alloy exceeds 250Mpa, and the composite particle reinforced nonferrous alloy meets the requirements of high strength and toughness of aluminum alloy wheels matched with large-load automobiles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 an intelligent smelting unit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of an aluminum liquid lifting chamber A and a vortex chamber of the intelligent smelting device;
FIG. 3 is a deep primary refining purification apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of nitrogen injection and particle addition in the deep refining purification process of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the primary refining purification of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an aluminum liquid flow direction control device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an intelligent controlled amount feeding device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel;
FIG. 9 shows the metallographic structure of the alloy after the material of the present invention is denatured;
FIG. 10 is a die casting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a view of the chamber type heat treatment furnace apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a metallographic structure of grain size of a spoke of a casting according to the invention;
FIG. 13 a metallographic structure of a spoke alloy of the casting of the present invention after heat treatment;
FIG. 14 shows the metallographic structure of the wheel disc alloy after heat treatment of the casting according to the invention.
Wherein: the device comprises an intelligent smelting device 1, a deep primary refining purification device 2, a pressure casting machine 3 and a box type heat treatment furnace device 4;
the intelligent smelting device 1 consists of a melting chamber 1-1, a primary refining purification device 1-2, a primary refining purification chamber 1-3, a window A1-4, a controllable amount feeding device A1-5, an aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6, an aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7, an aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8, a dark flow channel A1-9, a vortex chamber 1-10, a flow channel A1-11, a dark flow channel B1-12, an inoculation chamber 1-13, a window B1-14, an aluminum liquid lifting device B1-15, an aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16, a dark flow channel C1-17, an aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18, a dark flow channel D1-19, a flow channel B1-20, a flow channel C1-21 and a control cabinet A1-22;
the deep primary refining purification device 2 consists of a control cabinet B2-1, a lead 2-2, an argon storage bottle 2-3, a pressure regulating valve A2-4, a pressure gauge A2-5, an argon guide pipe 2-6, a controllable amount feeding device C2-7, a particulate matter guide pipe 2-8, a driving motor A2-9, a rotor 2-10, a protective cover 2-11, a transfer ladle 2-12, an oil cylinder 2-13, an oil pump 2-14 and a support 2-15;
the primary refining and purifying device 1-2 consists of a controllable amount feeding device B1-2-1, a refining agent conveying pipe 1-2-2, an air pipe 1-2-3, a pressure regulating valve B1-2-4, a pressure gauge B1-2-5, a ceramic pipe A1-2-6, a ceramic pipe B1-2-7, a refractory brick A1-2-8, a connector 1-2-9, a refractory brick B1-2-10 and a ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11;
the aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7 consists of a guide column 1-7-1, a guide block 1-7-2, a threaded column 1-7-3, a threaded sleeve 1-7-4, a driving motor B1-7-5, a ceramic rod 1-7-6, a cone frustum-shaped plugging head 1-7-8 and an L-shaped flow passage 1-7-9
The quantity-controllable feeding device C2-7 consists of a material storage tank 2-7-1, a servo motor 2-7-2 and a feeding gear 2-7-3;
the pressure casting machine 3 consists of a control cabinet C3-1, a side die 3-2, an electromagnetic stirrer A3-3, an upper die 3-4, an electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 and a bottom die 3-6;
the box-type heat treatment furnace 4 consists of a control cabinet D4-1, a high-temperature treatment furnace 4-2, a quenching water tank 4-3 and a low-temperature treatment furnace 4-4.
Detailed Description
In order that the present invention may be more readily and clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 13, in this embodiment, for example, 1000 pieces of 24 × 10.0 large-load aluminum alloy automobile wheel castings are manufactured, 12500Kg of graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material is required to be prepared, 450Kg of Al10Cu alloy, 500Kg of Al5Ce alloy, 20Kg of Al10Sr alloy and 45Kg of altic (n) aluminum titanium graphene alloy are required to be prepared, 11000Kg of a356.2 alloy is required to be designed as a manufacturing technology of graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum alloy automobile wheels;
the specific scheme for realizing the technology is as follows: an intelligent manufacturing technology of a graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel mainly comprises three parts, namely a large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material intelligent continuous preparation technology, a graphene and rare earth composite particle reinforced aluminum wheel pressure casting technology and a graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel casting heat treatment technology, and comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 1 to 6, an intelligent continuous preparation technology for a large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material includes: an intelligent smelting device 1 and a deep refining purification device 2;
referring to fig. 1 and 8, the process flow of melting the bulk graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material by the intelligent melting device 1 is,
firstly, gradually adding an A356.2 aluminum ingot and Al10Cu alloy into a melting chamber 1-1 according to the proportion of 22:1 for melting to form Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy liquid; molten aluminum enters a primary refining purification chamber 1-3, special primary refining purification devices 1-2 are used for carrying special powdery refining purificant for 6 minutes every 6 hours to carry out powder spraying and refining once for the aluminum in the primary refining purification chamber 1-3 by taking nitrogen as a carrier, oxide slag inclusion in the aluminum and partial atoms [ H ] in the aluminum are removed]The components and the temperature are promoted to be homogenized so as to achieve the aim of primary refining and purification; transferring the aluminum liquid to the vortex chamber 1-10 through an aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6, and flowing into the pregnancy and breeding chamber 1-13 from the vortex chamber 1-10; 80Kg of granular Al5Ce is automatically added into the vortex chamber 1-10 through a controllable amount feeding device A1-5 according to the flow rate of the transferred aluminum liquid along with the flow rate of the aluminum liquid transferred from the vortex chamber 1-10 to the pregnancy chamber 1-13, the aluminum liquid added with granular Al5Ce flows into the pregnancy chamber 1-13 through the vortex chamber 1-10, and then flows into the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 through the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18, and the inoculation treatment is carried out for 25-30 minutes to form the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy liquid containing rare earth cerium; the added Al5Ce intermediate alloy reacts with the molten aluminum to precipitate high-melting-point aluminum alloy from the meltCeAl2 phase and Ti2Al20Ce phase with high strength and nano-scale particle size are taken as nucleation particles, and part of rare earth elements can chemically react with atoms [ H ] generated in molten aluminum to generate stable and high-melting-point refractory compounds such as ReH2 and RE + H 2 ＝REH 2 Part of rare earth elements and aluminum or magnesium oxide slag inclusion are subjected to reduction reaction to generate aluminum and solid rare earth oxide, 2RE + Al 2 O 3 ＝2Al+RE 2 O 3 (S) the secondary refining and purifying effect of the aluminum liquid is realized, so the process has the secondary refining and purifying effect of the aluminum liquid; after inoculation, transferring the Al-Si-Cu-Mg aluminum liquid containing rare earth cerium into a transfer ladle 2-12 of a deep refining purification device 2 by an intelligent aluminum discharging system for 1000Kg to implement deep refining purification treatment;
3-4, the deep refining purification device 2 uses argon as a medium, presses the argon into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in the transfer ladle 2-12 through the rotor 2-10 to form a large amount of fine bubbles, and carries oxide slag and hydrogen (H) contained in the aluminum liquid into a slag remover covered by the surface of the aluminum liquid in the floating process of the bubbles in the aluminum liquid; while deeply refining and purifying, 1.5Kg of granular Al10Sr alloy and 6.5Kg of AlTiC (n) aluminum titanium graphene alloy with the diameter less than 1.50mm are mixed with particles through an intelligent controllable amount feeding device C2-7, the mixture is fed to the bottom of aluminum liquid in a transfer ladle 2-12 through a guide pipe 2-8 to a rotor 2-10, argon and the added particles are gathered at the tail end of the rotor 2-10, Al10Sr and AlTiC (n) aluminum titanium graphene intermediate alloy are uniformly dissolved in the aluminum liquid under the action of argon gas flow, and the addition of the Al10Sr intermediate alloy particles is used for modifying eutectic silicon and promoting the uniform distribution of eutectic silicon in a melt, such as an alloy metallographic structure after modification treatment in a graph 9; the AlTiC (n) aluminum-titanium graphene intermediate alloy is added and then reacts with molten aluminum to form Al4C3 particles with high melting point and high strength, deep refining purification time is 10min, the AlTiC (n) aluminum-titanium graphene intermediate alloy is added in the mode, graphene agglomeration can be avoided, and the effect of the aluminum-titanium graphene intermediate alloy on metal particle reinforcement is fully exerted.
As shown in fig. 10, the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel is pressure cast by a pressure casting machine 3, the pressure casting machine 3 is provided with an electromagnetic stirrer a3-3 on a side die 3-2 and an electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 on a central area 3-4 of an upper die; the casting solidification process applies terminal electromagnetic stirring to the rim, the spoke and the wheel disc of the casting in the sequential solidification process so as to crush the grown dendrite and prevent the growth of secondary dendrite, thereby playing the effect of refining crystal grains.
Referring to fig. 11, a heat treatment technology for graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel castings adopts a box-type heat treatment furnace device 4, which consists of a high-temperature treatment furnace, a quenching water tank and a low-temperature treatment furnace; the temperature in the high-temperature treatment process is selected according to the Al-Si-Cu-Mg component and the eutectic point temperature, the temperature in the high-temperature treatment process is set to be 525 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be set to be 4.5 hours according to the diameter size and the effective wall thickness size of the casting; the quenching water tank is quenched and cooled to obtain the maximum supersaturation degree of solute components and crystal lattice vacancies; the low-temperature treatment is divided into two stages, wherein the treatment temperature in one stage is lower, the temperature is set to be 125 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours, the low-stage treatment is carried out after the low-stage treatment, the low-stage treatment is carried out, the temperature is set to be 170 ℃, the heat preservation time is 35 minutes, the low-stage treatment is carried out after the low-stage treatment is carried out, the low-stage treatment temperature is set to be 125 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours, the low-stage treatment is carried out again, the low-stage treatment is carried out, the low-step is carried out, the low-stage treatment is carried out, the low-temperature is carried out, the low-stage treatment is carried out, the low-step is carried out, the low-temperature is carried out, the step is carried out, the.
In order to more clearly explain the system device, the core device of the system, namely the intelligent smelting device 1 and the deep primary refining purification device 2, will be further described in detail.
As shown in fig. 1-2 and fig. 5-7, the intelligent smelting device 2 comprises a melting chamber 1-1, a primary refining purification device 1-2, a primary refining purification chamber 1-3, a window a1-4, a controllable amount feeding device a1-5, an aluminum liquid lifting device a1-6, an aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7, an aluminum liquid lifting chamber a1-8, a dark flow channel a1-9, a vortex chamber 1-10, a flow channel a1-11, a dark flow channel B1-12, an inoculation chamber 1-13, a window B1-14, an aluminum liquid lifting device B1-15, an aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16, a dark flow channel C1-17, an aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18, a dark flow channel D1-19, a flow channel B1-20, a flow channel C1-21 and a control cabinet a 1-22;
a flow channel is arranged between the melting chamber 1-1 and the primary refining purification chamber 1-3; the middle of the left furnace wall of the primary refining purification chamber 1-3 is provided with a primary refining purification device 1-2, and the control cabinet A1-22 can control the primary refining purification device 1-2 to carry out furnace bottom powder injection refining on the molten aluminum in the primary refining purification chamber 1-3; an aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 and a vortex chamber 1-10 are arranged on the right side of the primary refining purification chamber 1-3, and a dark flow passage A1-9 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace wall of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 and the primary refining purification chamber 1-3; an aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6 is installed on the rear furnace wall of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8, and the liquid level of the aluminum liquid can be raised in the working process of the aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6; launder A1-11 is arranged on the upper side of the furnace wall between the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 and the vortex chamber 1-10, and aluminum liquid flows into the vortex chamber 1-10 from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 through launder A1-11; the front side wall of the vortex chamber 1-10 is provided with a controllable amount feeding device A1-5, and the controllable amount feeding device A1-5 can control the adding time, the adding time period and the adding amount of the granular Al5Ce intermediate alloy under the control of a control cabinet A1-22; the pregnant room 1-13 is arranged at the right side of the aluminum liquid lifting room A1-8 and the vortex room 1-10, an aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7 is arranged between the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 and the pregnancy and breeding chamber 1-13, when the aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7 is closed, the aluminum liquid flows from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 to the vortex chamber 1-10 through the launder A1-11, when the aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7 is opened, the aluminum liquid directly flows from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 to the pregnant room 1-13 through the L-shaped launder 1-7-8, the purpose is that when the intelligent smelting device 1 stops production or breaks down, the primary refining purification chamber 1-3, the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 and the inoculation chamber 1-13 are all released through the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18 and the launder C1-21; the dark flow passage B1-12 is connected with the vortex chamber 1-10 and the pregnancy and breeding chamber 1-13, the dark flow passage B1-12 is arranged in the middle area of the bottom of the right side wall of the vortex chamber 1-10; the bottom of the pregnancy-breeding chamber 1-13 is 300mm lower than the bottom of the vortex chamber 1-10, when the aluminum liquid in the vortex chamber 1-10 flows into the pregnancy-breeding chamber 1-13 through the dark flow passage B1-12, the central area of the liquid surface of the vortex chamber 1-10 will form vortex; an aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 and an aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18 are arranged on the right side of the pregnant chamber 1-13; the bottom parts of the pregnant room 1-13 and the aluminum liquid emergency treatment room 1-18 are provided with a dark flow passage C1-17; a dark flow channel D1-19 is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the side wall between the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 and the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18; an aluminum liquid lifting device B1-15 is arranged on the left side wall of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16, a launder B1-20 is arranged at the middle upper part of the right side of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16, and aluminum liquid can be transferred from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 to a transfer ladle 2-12 in the deep primary refining and purifying device 2 through launders 1-20 in the working process of the aluminum liquid lifting device B1-15; the bottom of the furnace wall on the right side of the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber 1-18 is provided with a launder C1-21, so that the aluminum liquid can be transferred out when the intelligent aluminum discharging device fails in production or the intelligent smelting device 1 stops producing;
the window A1-4 is arranged on the primary refining purification chamber 1-3; scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid in the primary refining and purifying chamber 1-3 can be removed through the window A1-4;
the window B1-14 is arranged on the pregnant room 1-13; scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid in the inoculation chambers 1-13 can be removed through the windows B1-14;
the aluminum liquid lifting device B1-15, the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16, the launder B1-20 and the control cabinet A1-22 form an intelligent aluminum discharging system, and workers are safe and convenient to operate in the production process, so that batch continuous production and manufacturing are facilitated;
as shown in fig. 3-4, the deep refining purification device 2 comprises a control cabinet B2-1, a lead 2-2, an argon storage bottle 2-3, a pressure regulating valve A2-4, a pressure gauge A2-5, an argon guide pipe 2-6, a controllable amount feeding device C2-7, a particulate matter guide pipe 2-8, a driving motor A2-9, a rotor 2-10, a protective cover 2-11, a transfer ladle 2-12, an oil cylinder 2-13, an oil pump 2-14 and a support 2-15;
the control cabinet B2-1 is respectively connected with a controllable amount feeding device C2-7, a driving motor A2-9 and an oil pump 2-14 through a lead 2-2; the control cabinet B2-1 is connected with a controllable quantity feeding device C2-7 through a lead 2-2, and one end of the particulate matter guide pipe 2-8 is connected with the controllable quantity feeding device C2-7; the other end of the particulate matter conduit 2-8 is connected with the rotor 2-10; the adding time, the adding time and the adding speed of the additives in the aluminum liquid can be controlled by the controllable amount feeding device C2-7; the pressure regulating valve A2-4 and the pressure gauge A2-5 are connected in series on the argon guide pipe 2-6; one end of the argon guide pipe 2-6 is connected with an argon storage bottle 2-3, and the other end of the argon guide pipe 2-6 is connected with a rotor 2-10; argon enters the bottom of the rotor 2-10 through the argon guide pipe 2-6 to perform blowing purification on the aluminum liquid;
the driving motor A2-9 is connected with the rotor 2-10 through a belt, and the driving motor A2-9 can be controlled by setting deep refining purification process parameters through the control cabinet B2-1, so that the working time, the rotating speed and the rotating time of the rotor 2-10 are controlled;
the driving motor A2-9 is installed at the left side of the shield 2-11, and the rotor 2-10 is installed at the central area of the shield 2-11; the oil cylinder 2-13 is arranged in the central area of the upper part of the bracket 2-15, the oil inlet pipe and the oil discharge pipe of the oil cylinder 2-13 are connected with the oil pump 2-14, the oil pump 2-14 is arranged on the right side of the upper part of the bracket 2-15, one end of the oil cylinder 2-13 is connected with the protective cover 2-11, the protective cover 2-11 can be controlled to move up and down by controlling the oil cylinder 2-13, and the protective cover 2-11 moves up and down to drive the rotor 2-10 to move up and down, so that the depth of the rotor 2-10 in the aluminum liquid in the transfer ladle 2-12 can be adjusted;
when the aluminum liquid is deeply refined and purified, Al10Sr intermediate alloy and aluminum titanium graphene intermediate alloy particles which are crushed into particles with the diameter less than 1.50mm are filled into a storage tank of a controllable amount feeding device C2-7, the working time and the working speed of the controllable amount feeding device C2-7 are controlled through a control cabinet B2-1, so that the purpose of controlling the adding time, the adding amount and the adding speed of particles is achieved; the pressure of the gas medium is adjusted by controlling a pressure regulating valve A2-4 to control the flow of the refining and purifying process gas; the argon guide pipe 2-6 and the particle guide pipe 2-8 are converged at the bottom of the rotor 2-10, argon, Al10Sr alloy and aluminum titanium graphene alloy particles are blown into the molten aluminum during the rotation process of the rotor 2-10, and the Al10Sr alloy and the aluminum titanium graphene alloy particles are uniformly melted in the molten aluminum while deep refining and purifying hydrogen and low-density slag inclusion dissolved in the molten aluminum; according to the technical scheme, the aluminum-titanium-graphene alloy is added, the graphene is uniformly distributed in the melt, the particle reinforcing effect is obvious, and the defects that the graphene is not uniformly distributed in the melt and is easy to agglomerate can be effectively overcome.
As shown in fig. 5, further, the primary refinery purification unit 1-2 will be described in further detail for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the unit.
The primary refining and purifying device 1-2 comprises a controllable amount feeding device B1-2-1, a refining agent conveying pipe 1-2-2, an air pipe 1-2-3, a pressure regulating valve B1-2-4, a pressure gauge B1-2-5, a ceramic pipe A1-2-6, a ceramic pipe B1-2-7, a refractory brick A1-2-8, a connector 1-2-9, a refractory brick B1-2-10 and a ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11;
one end of the refining agent conveying pipe 1-2-2 is connected with the controllable amount feeding device 1-2-1, the other end of the refining agent conveying pipe is connected with the ceramic pipe B1-2-7, the ceramic pipe B1-2-7 is connected with the connector 1-2-9, and a refining agent can be conveyed into the connector 1-2-9;
the pressure regulating valve B1-2-4 and the pressure gauge B1-2-5 are connected in series on the air pipe 1-2-3, one end of the air pipe 1-2-3 is connected with a nitrogen tank, the other end of the air pipe is connected with the ceramic pipe A1-2-6, the ceramic pipe A1-2-6 is connected with the connector 1-2-9, and nitrogen media can be conveyed into the connector 1-2-9;
the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11 is provided with four connectors 1-2-9 which are respectively spaced at 90 degrees, small holes of 2-3 mm are uniformly distributed on the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11, and the small holes are ejection holes of nitrogen medium and refining agent powder; covering a refractory brick A1-2-8 on the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11, wherein 2-3 mm small holes are distributed on the refractory brick A1-2-8 and correspond to the positions of the small holes distributed on the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11, and the refractory brick A (1-2-8) is honeycomb-shaped, wherein one bottom surface of four side surfaces is dense; a plurality of layers of refractory bricks B1-2-10 are laid under the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11, and the refractory bricks B1-2-10 are compact refractory bricks;
the nitrogen medium and the added refining agent are gathered in the connector 1-2-9, the refining agent is carried under the pressure of the nitrogen medium and sprayed out from the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe 1-2-11, and the powder spraying refining purification is carried out on the aluminum liquid in the primary refining purification chamber 1-3 through the refractory brick B1-2-10;
as shown in fig. 6, further, the aluminum liquid flows to the control devices 1-7, which will be described in further detail for clearer description of the devices.
The aluminum liquid flow direction control device 1-7 comprises a guide column 1-7-1, a guide block 1-7-2, a threaded column 1-7-3, a threaded sleeve 1-7-4, a driving motor B1-7-5, a ceramic rod 1-7-6, a cone frustum-shaped plugging head 1-7-8 and an L-shaped flow channel 1-7-9;
the threaded sleeve 1-7-4 is assembled with the threaded column 1-7-3, the guide block 1-7-2 is assembled with the guide column 1-7-1, the driving motor B1-7-5 is assembled with the threaded sleeve 1-7-4, and the guide block 1-7-2 is connected with the threaded sleeve 1-7-4;
one end of the ceramic rod 1-7-6 is connected with the guide block 1-7-2, and the other end of the ceramic rod 1-7-6 is connected with the cone frustum-shaped plugging head 1-7-8;
the driving motor B1-7-5 can control the threaded column 1-7-3 to rotate in the positive and negative directions under the control of the control cabinet A1-22, the threaded sleeve 1-7-4 can be driven by the rotation of the threaded column 1-7-3 in the positive and negative directions to drive the guide block 1-7-2, the ceramic rod 1-7-6 and the cone frustum-shaped plugging head 1-7-8 to move up and down, so that the circulation or the closing of the L-shaped flow channel 1-7-9 is controlled, and the flow direction of the aluminum liquid flowing from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 to the vortex chamber 1-10 or the flow direction of the aluminum liquid flowing from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A1-8 to the pregnancy chamber 1-13 directly through the L-shaped flow channel 1-7-9 is controlled;
as shown in FIG. 7, further, the controlled dosing device C2-7 will be described in further detail for a clearer illustration of the device.
The controllable quantity feeding device C2-7 comprises a material storage tank 2-7-1, a servo motor 2-7-2 and a feeding gear 2-7-3; a discharge port of the material storage tank 2-7-1 is assembled with the feeding gear 2-7-3, the servo motor 2-7-2 is connected with the feeding gear 2-7-3, the servo motor 2-7-2 can control the rotation speed of the feeding gear 2-7-3, and the rotation speed of the feeding gear 2-7-3 can control the feeding speed; the feeding time, speed and feeding time can be controlled under the control of the servo motors 2-7-2 of the control cabinets 1-22, so that the intelligent feeding function is achieved;
further, the special refining purifying agent used in the primary refining purifying process is composed of fluoride, chloride, rare earth compound and exothermic substance, and the formula is as follows: fluoride CaF 2 10％，Na 3 AlF 6 25 percent; chloride of NaCl 10%, KCl 5%, MgCl 2 5 percent; rare earth RE x M Y 15 percent; heating substance K 2 CO 3 25 percent of graphite powder and 5 percent of graphite powder;
further, the intelligent continuous preparation technology of the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite particle reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material comprises the following preparation process steps:
step 1: calculating the adding quantity of each added material according to the proportion and weighing; 450Kg of Al10Cu alloy, 500Kg of Al5Ce alloy, 20Kg of Al10Sr alloy, 45Kg of AlTiC (n) aluminum-titanium graphene alloy and 11000Kg of A356.2 alloy;
step 2: according to the following steps of 22:1, adding A356.2 and Al10Cu into a melting chamber 1-1 for melting, setting the atmosphere temperature of the melting chamber 1-1 at 760 +/-5 ℃, melting A356.2 and Al10Cu, then entering a primary refining purification chamber 1-3, setting the temperature of aluminum liquid in the primary refining purification chamber 1-3 at 750 +/-5 ℃ for heat preservation;
and step 3: carrying out powder spraying refining on the aluminum liquid in the primary refining and purifying chamber 1-3 once every 6 hours by using the primary refining and purifying device 1-2, wherein the powder spraying refining time is 6 minutes, and the method comprises the steps of spraying 4Kg of special refining slag-removing agent into the aluminum liquid by using nitrogen as a carrier through the primary refining and purifying device 1-2, and removing oxide slag and partial atoms [ H ] in the aluminum liquid to achieve the primary refining and purifying purpose of the aluminum liquid;
and 4, step 4: opening an aluminum liquid lifting device A1-6, automatically transferring aluminum liquid to a breeding room 1-13 according to production requirements, adding 80Kg of weighed granular Al5Ce into a material storage tank of a controllable amount feeding device A1-5 according to batching calculation, adding granular Al5Ce into a vortex of a vortex chamber 1-10, and then gradually entering the breeding room 1-13, wherein the temperature of the breeding room 1-13 is set to be 745 +/-5 ℃, so that the added Al5Ce alloy and the aluminum liquid are subjected to chemical reaction to produce high-melting-point hard particle phases, and simultaneously, the aluminum liquid is subjected to secondary deslagging and refining purification effects of atomic removal [ H ]; the aluminum liquid flows into the pregnancy chamber 1-13 from the swirl chamber 1-10 and then is transferred into the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B1-16 for about 25-30 min, and the process promotes the uniform distribution of rare earth cerium in the aluminum liquid, generates a particle strengthening phase and is further combined with hydrogen;
step 5, transferring the inoculated aluminum liquid into a transfer ladle 2-12 by 1000Kg through an intelligent aluminum discharging system, and transferring the transfer ladle 2-12 to a deep primary refining and purifying device 2 for deep refining and purifying treatment;
step 6: calculating 1.5Kg of Al10Sr alloy to be added and 6.5Kg of aluminum-titanium-graphene alloy to be added according to the weight of the aluminum liquid put into the transfer ladle 2-12; crushing the alloy to be added into particles with the particle size within 1.5mm, and filling the particles into a material storage tank of a controllable amount feeding device C2-7 to be uniformly mixed; setting the rotating speed and the working time of a driving motor A2-9 on a control cabinet B2-1 to control the adding speed and the adding amount of the Al10Sr alloy and the aluminum-titanium graphene alloy; the pressure regulating valve A2-4 and the oil pump 2-14 are adjusted to control the pressure and the flow of the gas and the distance between the rotor 2-10 and the bottom of the tundish 2-12, and the deep refining purification device 2 also plays a role in deep refining purification of the hydrogen and low-density slag inclusion in the molten aluminum.
And 7: after the deep refining purification is finished, the protective cover 2-11 is controlled by the oil pump 2-14 to be lifted to a certain height, the transfer ladle 2-12 is moved out, scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid in the ladle is removed, and the aluminum liquid is prepared to be transferred into a heat preservation furnace of the pressure casting machine 3. FIG. 9 shows the alloy phase structure of the modified material at 200 times magnification according to the present invention;
for a clearer explanation of the apparatus of the press-casting machine 3, the press-casting machine 3 will be described in further detail.
As shown in fig. 10, the pressure casting machine 3 is composed of a control cabinet C3-1, a side die 3-2, an electromagnetic stirrer A3-3, an upper die 3-4, an electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 and a bottom die 3-6, wherein the side die 3-2 is composed of 4 blocks; the side die 3-2, the upper die 3-4 and the bottom die 3-6 form a metal mold pressure casting mold cavity; the electromagnetic stirrers A3-3 are respectively arranged on the 4 side dies; the electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 is arranged in the central area of the upper die; the electromagnetic stirrer A3-3 and the electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 are connected with the control cabinet 3-1 through leads; the electromagnetic stirrer A3-3 is started when pressure casting and mold filling are finished and pressure maintaining are started, the starting time is 25 seconds, and the electromagnetic stirrer aims to perform electromagnetic stirring at the tail end in the rim crystallization and solidification process, so that the formed reinforced particle item is uniformly distributed, and long secondary dendritic arms are crushed, and grain refinement is facilitated; the electromagnetic stirrer B3-5 is started at the time of finishing pressure casting and mold filling, and is started after the pressure maintaining is started for 20 seconds, and the starting time is up to the end of the pressure maintaining, so that the electromagnetic stirring is carried out on the tail end in the crystallization and solidification process of the spoke and the wheel disc, the formed reinforced particle items are uniformly distributed, and long secondary dendritic crystal arms are crushed, and the grain refinement is facilitated; when the electromagnetic stirrer A works, the technological parameters are that the stirring current is 6.0A, and the frequency is 35 Hz; the technological parameters of the electromagnetic stirrer B during working are that the stirring current is 20A and the frequency is 35 Hz. FIG. 8 is a metallographic structure diagram of casting spoke grain size at 100 times magnification according to the present invention;
as shown in FIG. 11, the box-type heat treatment furnace 4 of the present invention comprises a control cabinet D4-1, a high temperature treatment furnace 4-2, a quenching water tank 4-3 and a low temperature treatment furnace 4-4; the control cabinet 4-1 controls the temperature of the high-temperature treatment furnace 4-2 and the low-temperature treatment furnace 4-4; 2 high-temperature treatment furnaces 4-2 are used for carrying out high-temperature stage heat treatment on the castings; the quenching water tank 4-3 cools the casting subjected to high-temperature treatment; the low-temperature treatment furnace 4-4 performs low-temperature stage heat treatment on the quenched casting to improve the strength of the material.
According to the heat treatment technology for the graphene rare earth composite particle reinforced aluminum wheel casting, the temperature in the high-temperature treatment process is selected according to the Al-Si-Cu-Mg component and the eutectic point temperature, the temperature in the high-temperature treatment process is set to be 525 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be set to be 4.5 hours according to the diameter size of the casting and the effective wall thickness size of the casting; in the high-temperature treatment process of the casting, the corners of the eutectic silicon are smooth through heating and heat preservation, the solute is uniformly distributed, the plasticity of the material is improved, and the maximum solubility of the solute components and crystal lattice vacancies is obtained in the high-temperature treatment process; the quenching water tank is quenched and cooled to obtain the maximum supersaturation degree of solute components and crystal lattice vacancies, and a foundation is laid for treating an age hardening mechanism at a low temperature; the low-temperature treatment is divided into two stages, wherein the treatment temperature in one stage is lower, the temperature is set at 125 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours, the aim is to obtain dispersed and dispersed particle reinforced phases precipitated in a nanometer level, the particles are taken out of the furnace and cooled in air to room temperature for 6.0 hours, the particles are put into the low-temperature furnace again for treatment, the temperature is set at 165 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 35 minutes, the particles are taken out of the furnace and cooled in air to room temperature for 3 hours, the treatment process is repeated for 2 times, the aim is to obtain dispersed and distributed particles reinforced phases precipitated in a nanometer level as precipitate attachment cores in the last stage of low-temperature treatment, the toughness of the material is continuously improved, and the treatment process can avoid precipitated phase aggregation segregation from influencing the toughness of the material. FIG. 13 is a metallographic structure of a spoke alloy of the present invention after heat treatment of a casting at 200 times magnification; FIG. 14 shows the metallographic structure of the alloy of the wheel disc of the present invention after the casting is heat treated at 200 times magnification;
the mechanical properties of the materials are detected after heat treatment: the elongation is 10.5%, the tensile strength exceeds 336Mpa, the yield strength exceeds 255Mpa, and the high strength and toughness requirements of aluminum alloy wheels matched with large-load automobiles are met.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an intelligent manufacturing technology of car aluminium wheel is reinforceed to graphite alkene, tombarthite complex which characterized in that, it includes: the intelligent continuous preparation technology for the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material comprises an intelligent smelting device (1) and a deep refining and purifying device (2); the intelligent smelting device (1) is characterized in that a primary refining purification device (1-2) is arranged in a primary refining purification chamber (1-3) and can be used for carrying out primary furnace bottom powder injection refining purification treatment on molten aluminum; a molten aluminum quantity-controllable transfer device and a rare earth quantity-controllable feeding device A (1-5) are arranged between the primary refining purification chamber (1-3) and the pregnancy chamber (1-13); the added rare earth alloy is inoculated in a pregnant room (1-13); an aluminum liquid lifting device B (1-15) is arranged between the pregnant room (1-13) and the aluminum liquid lifting room B (1-16), and the aluminum liquid can be transferred into a transfer ladle (2-12) through an intelligent aluminum discharging system;
in the deep refining purification device (2), argon enters molten aluminum through a pressure regulating valve A (2-4), a pressure gauge A (2-5), an argon guide pipe (2-6) and a rotor (2-10); the added particles enter the aluminum liquid through a controllable amount feeding device C (2-7), a particle guide pipe (2-8) and a rotor (2-10), and the adding time, the adding speed and the adding time of the particles are intelligently controllable; the argon and the added particles are converged at the lower end part of the rotor (2-10) and enter the aluminum liquid under the action of argon gas flow;
the process flow of the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material intelligent continuous preparation technology comprises the following steps: firstly, adding an A356.2 aluminum ingot and Al10Cu alloy into a melting chamber (1-1) according to the proportion of ingredients to be melted to form Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy liquid; the molten aluminum enters a primary refining purification chamber (1-3), and special primary refining purification devices (1-2) are used for carrying special powdery refining purificant with nitrogen as a carrier to perform powder spraying refining for 5-8 minutes every 4-6 hours for the molten aluminum in the primary refining purification chamber (1-3); the aluminum liquid is transferred to the vortex chamber (1-10) through the aluminum liquid lifting device A (1-6) and flows into the pregnancy and breeding chamber (1-13) from the vortex chamber (1-10); granular Al5Ce is added into the swirl chamber (1-10) through a controllable feeding device A (1-5) along with the flow rate of the aluminum liquid transferred from the swirl chamber (1-10) to the pregnancy and development chamber (1-13), the aluminum liquid added with granular Al5Ce flows into the pregnancy and development chamber (1-13) through the swirl chamber (1-10), and is inoculated for 25-30 minutes in the process of flowing into the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B (1-16) through the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber (1-18) to form Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy liquid containing rare earth cerium; transferring the inoculated aluminum liquid into a transfer ladle (2-12) of a deep refining purification device 2 to implement deep refining purification treatment;
the pressure casting technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel adopts a pressure casting device, and electromagnetic stirring is applied to the tail ends of a rim, a spoke and a wheel disc area of a casting in the pressure casting solidification process;
the heat treatment technology for the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel casting adopts a box type heat treatment furnace device, and the heat treatment furnace device consists of a high-temperature treatment furnace (4-2), a quenching water tank (4-3) and a low-temperature treatment furnace (4-4); the temperature in the high-temperature treatment process is set to be 525 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be set to be 4.0-8.0 hours; the low-temperature treatment is divided into two stages, wherein the treatment temperature in one stage is lower, the temperature is set to be 125 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5-2.0 hours, the low-stage treatment is carried out, the low-temperature treatment is carried out after the low-stage treatment is taken out, air cooling is carried out until the temperature is room temperature, the low-stage treatment is carried out for 4.0-6.0 hours, the low-temperature treatment is carried out again in a low-temperature furnace, the temperature is set to be 160-170 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-45 minutes, the low-temperature treatment is carried out, air cooling is carried out until the room temperature is kept for 2.0-4.0 hours, and the treatment process can be repeated for 2-3 times.
2. The intelligent manufacturing technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the intelligent smelting device (1) comprises a melting chamber (1-1), a primary refining purification device (1-2), a primary refining purification chamber (1-3), a window A (1-4), a controllable amount feeding device A (1-5), an aluminum liquid lifting device A (1-6), an aluminum liquid flow direction control device (1-7), an aluminum liquid lifting chamber A (1-8), a dark flow channel A (1-9), a vortex chamber ((1-10)), a launder A (1-11), a dark flow channel B (1-12), a pregnancy and breeding chamber (1-13), a window B (1-14), an aluminum liquid lifting device B (1-15), an aluminum liquid lifting chamber B (1-16), a dark flow channel C (1-17), an aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber (1-18), A dark flow channel D (1-19), a flow channel B (1-20), a flow channel C (1-21) and a control cabinet A (1-22);
a flow channel is arranged between the melting chamber (1-1) and the primary refining purification chamber (1-3); a primary refining purification device (1-2) is arranged in the middle of the left furnace wall of the primary refining purification chamber (1-3), and the system control cabinet (1-22) can control the primary refining purification device (1-22) to carry out furnace bottom powder injection refining on the molten aluminum in the primary refining purification chamber (1-3); the right side of the primary refining purification chamber (1-3) is provided with an aluminum liquid lifting chamber A (1-8) and a vortex chamber (1-10), and the bottoms of the furnace walls of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A (1-8) and the primary refining purification chamber (1-3) are provided with a dark flow channel A (1-9); an aluminum liquid lifting device A (1-6) is arranged on the furnace wall at the rear side of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A (1-8); launder A (1-11) is arranged on the upper side of the furnace wall between the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A (1-8) and the vortex chamber (1-10), and the aluminum liquid flows into the vortex chamber (1-10) from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A (1-8) through the launder A (1-11); the front side wall of the vortex chamber (1-10) is provided with a controllable feeding device A (1-5); the pregnant room (1-13) is arranged at the right side of the aluminum liquid lifting room A (1-8) and the vortex chamber (1-10), and an aluminum liquid flow direction control device (1-7) is arranged between the aluminum liquid lifting room A (1-8) and the pregnant room (1-13); the dark flow passage B (1-12) is connected with the vortex chamber (1-10) and the pregnancy-breeding chamber (1-13), and the dark flow passage B (1-12) is arranged in the middle area of the bottom of the right side wall of the vortex chamber (1-10); the bottom of the pregnancy room (1-13) is 200-300 mm lower than the bottom of the swirl chamber (1-10); an aluminum liquid lifting chamber B (1-16) and an aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber (1-18) are arranged on the right side of the pregnant chamber (1-13); the bottom parts of the pregnant room (1-13) and the aluminum liquid emergency treatment room (1-18) are provided with a dark flow channel C (1-17); a dark flow channel D (1-19) is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the side wall between the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B (1-16) and the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber (1-18); an aluminum liquid lifting device B (1-15) is arranged on the left side wall of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B (1-16), and a launder B (1-20) is arranged at the middle upper part of the right side of the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B (1-16); the bottom of the furnace wall at the right side of the aluminum liquid emergency treatment chamber (1-18) is provided with a launder C (1-21); the window A (1-4) is arranged on the primary refining purification chamber (1-3); the window B (1-14) is arranged on the pregnant room (1-13);
the aluminum liquid lifting device B (1-15), the aluminum liquid lifting chamber B (1-16), the launder B (1-20) and the control cabinet A (1-22) form an intelligent aluminum discharging system.
3. The intelligent manufacturing technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel according to claim 1 is characterized in that the deep refining purification device (2) comprises a control cabinet B (2-1), a lead (2-2), an argon storage bottle (2-3), a pressure regulating valve A (2-4), a pressure gauge A (2-5), an argon guide pipe (2-6), a controllable amount feeding device C (2-7), a particulate matter guide pipe (2-8), a driving motor A (2-9), a rotor (2-10), a protective cover (2-11), a transfer package (2-12), an oil cylinder (2-13), an oil pump (2-14) and a support (2-15);
the control cabinet B2-1 is respectively connected with a controllable quantity feeding device C (2-7), a driving motor A (2-9) and an oil pump (2-14) through a lead 2-2; one end of the particle guide pipe (2-8) is connected with a controllable amount feeding device C (2-7); the other end of the particle conduit (2-8) is connected with the rotor (2-10); the pressure regulating valve A (2-4) and the pressure gauge A (2-5) are connected in series on the argon guide pipe (2-6); one end of the argon guide pipe (2-6) is connected with an argon storage bottle (2-3), and the other end of the argon guide pipe (2-6) is connected with a rotor (2-10); argon enters the bottom of the rotor (2-10) through an argon guide pipe (2-6) to perform blowing purification on the aluminum liquid;
the driving motor A (2-9) is connected with the rotor (2-10) through a belt, and the rotating speed of the driving motor A (2-9) can be controlled by setting deep refining purification process parameters in the control cabinet B (2-1); the driving motor A (2-9) is arranged on the left side of the protective cover (2-11), and the rotor (2-10) is arranged in the central area of the protective cover (2-11); the oil cylinder (2-13) is arranged in the central area of the upper part of the support (2-15), an oil inlet pipe and an oil discharge pipe of the oil cylinder (2-13) are connected with the oil pump (2-14), the oil pump (2-14) is arranged on the right side of the upper part of the support (2-15), one end of the oil cylinder (2-13) is connected with the protective cover (2-11), the protective cover (2-11) can be controlled to move up and down by controlling the oil cylinder (2-13), and the protective cover (2-11) moves up and down to drive the rotor (2-10) to move up and down.
4. The manufacturing technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced heavy-duty aluminum alloy wheel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the intelligent continuous preparation technology of the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material comprises the following detailed preparation process steps:
step 1: calculating the adding quantity of each added material according to the proportion and weighing;
step 2: adding A356.2 and Al10Cu into a melting chamber (1-1) according to the proportion for melting, setting the atmosphere temperature of the melting chamber (1-1) to be 760 +/-5 ℃, melting A356.2 and Al10Cu, then entering a primary refining purification chamber (1-3), setting the temperature of aluminum liquid in the primary refining purification chamber (1-3) to be 750 +/-5 ℃ for heat preservation;
and 3, step 3: performing powder injection refining on the aluminum liquid in the primary refining and purifying chamber (1-3) every 4-6 hours by using a primary refining and purifying device (1-2), wherein the powder injection refining time is 5-7 minutes, and 3-4 Kg of special refining and purifying agent is injected into the aluminum liquid by using nitrogen as a carrier through the primary refining and purifying device (1-2);
and 4, step 4: opening an aluminum liquid lifting device A (1-6), automatically transferring aluminum liquid to a pregnancy and development room (1-13) according to production requirements, adding weighed granular Al5Ce into a material storage tank of a controllable amount feeding device A (1-5) according to batching calculation, adding granular Al5Ce into a vortex of a vortex chamber (1-10), and gradually entering the pregnancy and development room (1-13), wherein the temperature of the pregnancy and development room (1-13) is set to 745 +/-5 ℃; the aluminum liquid flows into the pregnancy room (1-13) from the swirl room (1-10) and then is transferred into the aluminum liquid lifting room B (1-16) for about 25-30 min;
step 5, transferring the inoculated aluminum liquid into a transfer ladle (2-12) through an intelligent aluminum discharging system, and transferring the transfer ladle (2-12) to a deep refining purification device (2) for deep refining purification treatment;
step 6: calculating the Al10Sr alloy and the aluminum-titanium graphene alloy to be added according to the weight of the aluminum liquid put into the transfer ladle (2-12); crushing the alloy to be added into particles with the particle size within 1.5mm, and filling the particles into a material storage tank of a controllable amount feeding device C (2-7); setting relevant process parameters on a control cabinet B (2-1);
and 7: after the deep refining purification is finished, the protective cover (2-11) is controlled by the oil pump (2-14) to be lifted to a certain height, the transfer ladle (2-12) is moved out, scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid is removed, and the aluminum liquid is prepared to be transferred into a heat preservation furnace of the pressure casting machine (3).
5. The intelligent manufacturing technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel pressure casting device is composed of a control cabinet C (3-1), a side die (3-2), an electromagnetic stirrer A (3-3), an upper die (3-4), an electromagnetic stirrer B (3-5) and a bottom die (3-6), wherein the side die (3-2) is composed of 4 blocks; the side die (3-2), the upper die (3-4) and the bottom die (3-6) form a cavity of a metal mold pressure casting die; the electromagnetic stirrers A (3-3) are respectively arranged on the 4 side molds (3-2); the electromagnetic stirrer B (3-5) is arranged in the central area of the upper die (3-4); the electromagnetic stirrer A (3-3) and the electromagnetic stirrer B (3-5) are connected with the control cabinet (3-1) through a lead; the electromagnetic stirrer A (3-3) is started when pressure casting and mold filling are finished and pressure maintaining is started, and the starting time is 20-30 seconds; the electromagnetic stirrer B (3-5) is started after pressure casting and mold filling are finished and pressure maintaining is started for 15-20 seconds, and the starting time is up to the end of pressure maintaining; when the electromagnetic stirrer A (3-3) works, the technological parameters are that the stirring current is 5.0-10.0A, and the frequency is 30-50 Hz; the technological parameters of the electromagnetic stirrer B (3-5) during working are that the stirring current is 15-25A, and the frequency is 30-50 Hz.
6. The intelligent manufacturing technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the heat treatment technology of the graphene rare earth composite reinforced aluminum wheel casting adopts a box type heat treatment furnace device, and the heat treatment furnace device consists of a control cabinet D (4-1), a high-temperature treatment furnace (4-2), a quenching water tank (4-3) and a low-temperature treatment furnace (4-4); the temperature in the high-temperature treatment process is set to be 525 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be set to be 4.0-6.0 hours; the low-temperature treatment is divided into two stages, wherein the treatment temperature in one stage is lower and is set at 125 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5-2.0 hours, and the mixture is taken out of the furnace and is cooled to room temperature in air and is placed for 4.0-6.0 hours; and (3) putting the mixture into a low-temperature furnace again for treatment, setting the temperature at 160-170 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30-45 minutes, taking the mixture out of the furnace, air-cooling the mixture to room temperature, standing the mixture for 2.0-3.0 hours, and repeating the treatment process for 2-3 times.
7. The intelligent manufacturing technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the primary refining purification device (1-2) in the intelligent smelting device (1) comprises a controllable amount feeding device B (1-2-1), a refining agent conveying pipe (1-2-2), an air pipe (1-2-3), a pressure regulating valve B (1-2-4), a pressure gauge B (1-2-5), a ceramic pipe A (1-2-6), a ceramic pipe B (1-2-7), a refractory brick A (1-2-8), a connector (1-2-9), a refractory brick B (1-2-10) and a ceramic powder spraying branch pipe (1-2-11);
one end of the refining agent conveying pipe (1-2-2) is connected with the controllable amount feeding device B (1-2-1), the other end of the refining agent conveying pipe is connected with the ceramic pipe B (1-2-7), the ceramic pipe B (1-2-7) is connected with the connector (1-2-9), and a refining agent can be conveyed into the connector (1-2-9);
the pressure regulating valve B (1-2-4) and the pressure gauge B (1-2-5) are connected in series on the air pipe (1-2-3), one end of the air pipe (1-2-3) is connected with a nitrogen tank, the other end of the air pipe is connected with the ceramic pipe A (1-2-6), the ceramic pipe A (1-2-6) is connected with the connector (1-2-9), and a nitrogen medium can be conveyed into the connector (1-2-9);
the ceramic powder spraying branch pipes (1-2-11) are provided with four parts which are respectively spaced by 90 0 Small holes with the diameter of 2-3 mm are uniformly distributed on the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe (1-2-11) and the connector (1-2-9); the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe (1-2-11) is covered with refractory bricks A (1-2-8), small holes of 2-3 mm are distributed on the refractory bricks A (1-2-8) and correspond to the small holes distributed on the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe (1-2-11), and the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe (1-2-11) is provided with a plurality of holesThe refractory bricks A (1-2-8) are honeycomb-shaped, wherein one bottom surface of four side surfaces is dense; a plurality of layers of refractory bricks B (1-2-10) are laid under the ceramic powder spraying branch pipes (1-2-11), and the refractory bricks B (1-2-10) are compact refractory bricks;
the nitrogen medium and the added refining agent are gathered in the connector (1-2-9), the refining agent is carried under the pressure of the nitrogen medium and sprayed out from the ceramic powder spraying branch pipe (1-2-11), and the powder spraying refining purification is carried out on the aluminum liquid in the primary refining purification chamber (1-3) through the refractory brick B (1-2-10).
8. The intelligent manufacturing technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the aluminum liquid flow direction control device (1-7) in the intelligent smelting device (1) comprises a guide column (1-7-1), a guide block (1-7-2), a threaded column (1-7-3), a threaded sleeve (1-7-4), a driving motor B (1-7-5), a ceramic rod (1-7-6), a cone frustum-shaped plugging head (1-7-8) and an L-shaped flow channel (1-7-9);
the thread bushing (1-7-4) is assembled with the thread column (1-7-3), the guide block (1-7-2) is assembled with the guide column (1-7-1), the driving motor B (1-7-5) is assembled with the thread bushing (1-7-4), and the guide block (1-7-2) is connected with the thread bushing (1-7-4);
one end of the ceramic rod (1-7-6) is connected with the guide block (1-7-2), and the other end of the ceramic rod (1-7-6) is connected with the cone frustum-shaped plugging head (1-7-8);
the driving motor B (1-7-5) can control the threaded column (1-7-3) to rotate in the positive and negative directions under the control of the control cabinet A (1-22), the threaded column (1-7-3) can drive the threaded sleeve (1-7-4) to drive the guide block (1-7-2), the ceramic rod (1-7-6) and the cone frustum-shaped plugging head (1-7-8) to move up and down through the rotation in the positive and negative directions, thereby controlling the circulation or the closing of the L-shaped flow passages (1-7-9) and achieving the purpose of controlling the flow direction of the aluminum liquid flowing from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A (1-8) to the vortex chamber (1-10) or the flow direction of the aluminum liquid flowing from the aluminum liquid lifting chamber A (1-8) to the pregnancy and breeding chamber (1-13) directly through the L-shaped flow passages (1-7-9).
9. The intelligent manufacturing technology of the graphene and rare earth composite reinforced automobile aluminum wheel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the refining purifying agent used in the primary refining and purifying process of the preparation technology of the large-volume graphene and rare earth composite reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Mg material consists of fluoride, chloride, rare earth compounds and heating substances, and the formula of the refining purifying agent is as follows: fluoride, CaF 26-12%, Na3 AlF 620-30%; chloride 8-15% of NaCl, 3-7% of KCl and 23-7% of MgCl; 10 to 20 percent of rare earth RExMY; the heating material comprises 320-30% of K2CO and 3-7% of graphite powder.
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