CN115005204B - 一种用于防治草地贪夜蛾的食诱剂及应用 - Google Patents

一种用于防治草地贪夜蛾的食诱剂及应用 Download PDF

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CN115005204B
CN115005204B CN202210829172.4A CN202210829172A CN115005204B CN 115005204 B CN115005204 B CN 115005204B CN 202210829172 A CN202210829172 A CN 202210829172A CN 115005204 B CN115005204 B CN 115005204B
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spodoptera frugiperda
methyl
attractant
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宁君
王留洋
羿超群
张永军
单双
梅向东
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Shenzhen Bioglobal Agricultural Science Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及农业病虫害防治领域，具体涉及一种草地贪夜蛾成虫食诱剂及应用。本发明提供一种草地贪夜蛾成虫食诱剂，其活性组分由D‑柠檬烯、甲酸苯甲酯、异长叶烯、水杨酸甲酯和邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯组成，包括以下质量百分数的原料：D‑柠檬烯1‑30%，甲酸苯甲酯10‑35%、异长叶烯10%‑20%、水杨酸甲酯5‑30%，邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯40‑60%。本发明的食诱剂能同时吸引草地贪夜蛾成虫，且雌蛾数量是雄蛾的3倍。同时，该食诱剂对天敌无毒副作用，对环境友好，且稳定性好，持效期长，对于草地贪夜蛾的绿色防控具有重要意义。

Description

一种用于防治草地贪夜蛾的食诱剂及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及农业病虫害防治领域，具体涉及一种用于防治草地贪夜蛾的食诱剂及应用。
背景技术
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)自2016年草地贪夜蛾在非洲暴发为害，现已成为非洲、美洲、大洋洲、亚洲的主要害虫，且被***粮农组织认定为全球重要的农业迁飞性害虫。2019年，草地贪夜蛾经中缅边境入侵我国，至6月底已扩散蔓延至全省129个县，暴发期主要集中在夏季，发生面积55.62万hm2，占全年发生总面积66.59万hm2的83.52％，对我国的农业生产造成巨大威胁。
在病虫害的综合治理中，化学防治一直是主要手段之一。但随着化学农药的长期大量使用后，产生的副作用越来越明显，不仅有农药残留污染环境，而且使害虫产生抗药性，以及杀伤大量天敌及有益微生物。研究报道，随着化学杀虫剂的广泛使用，草地贪夜蛾对有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类、拟除虫菊酯类等化学杀虫剂耐受力明显增强，抗药性现象日渐突出。应用食诱剂防治害虫具有高效、低毒、无污染、不伤益虫等优点，在害虫的生物综合治理(Integrated pest management,IPM)中发挥越来越重要的作用，具有很好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。目前，利用昆虫食诱剂为引诱源来监测害虫的发生动态被越来越多的科研工作者认可，但在防治害虫方面，食诱剂被认为是效率最高的方法之一。食诱剂的原理是针对有迁飞能力的昆虫，利用昆虫与植物之间的通讯来进行引诱，起到干扰和诱捕的双重作用，以达到防虫目的，是一种高效、绿色、环保的防治方法。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种防治草地贪夜蛾食诱剂及应用。
本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种用于防治草地贪夜蛾食诱剂，其活性组分由D-柠檬烯、甲酸苯甲酯、异长叶烯、邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯组成。
可选地，草地贪夜蛾食诱剂由以下组分按照各自重量百分比组成：D-柠檬烯1-30％，甲酸苯甲酯10-35％、异长叶烯10％-20％、水杨酸甲酯5-30％，邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯40-60％。
优选地，草地贪夜蛾食诱剂由以下组分按照各自重量百分比组成：D-柠檬烯1-20％，甲酸苯甲酯10-20％、异长叶烯10％-15％、水杨酸甲酯5-25％，邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯50-60％。
最优地，草地贪夜蛾食诱剂由以下组分按照各自重量百分比组成：D-柠檬烯5％，甲酸苯甲酯15％、异长叶烯15％、水杨酸甲酯10％，邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯55％。
进一步地，提供了一种草地贪夜蛾食诱剂诱芯的制备方法，将D-柠檬烯、甲酸苯甲酯、异长叶烯、邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯溶于氯化石蜡、石蜡油或玉米油中，形成食诱剂溶液，加入到高35mm×直径8mm×壁厚0.35mm聚乙烯小黑瓶中，然后封口，制备成草地贪夜蛾食诱剂诱芯。
本发明的有益效果：1、对环境友好，对天敌无毒副作用；2、稳定性好，持效期长；3、原料廉价易得，经济成本低；4、诱捕能力强，且雌蛾数量显著高于雄蛾，能有效降低雌蛾产卵量，可准确应用于草地贪夜蛾的虫情测报、大量诱杀，对于综合治理草地贪夜蛾具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为不同诱芯配方的平均诱捕数量，其中不同字母表示在0.05水平上诱捕草地贪夜蛾成虫数量。
图2为草地贪夜蛾食诱剂诱芯田间缓释速率。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1不同配比引诱剂诱芯对草地贪夜蛾的田间引诱实验
为进一步验证不同配比引诱剂诱芯对草地贪夜蛾田间引诱能力，选择地势平坦，面积大于20亩的玉米田内进行了田间诱捕试验。诱捕器选择桶型诱捕器，诱捕器高度设置为1.5-2.0m。每种处理的诱芯处理均设置3个重复，诱捕器之间的间隔20m左右。具体的配方如表1所示：
表1
Figure GDA0004097905960000031
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Figure GDA0004097905960000041
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Figure GDA0004097905960000051
设置后每3天调查诱捕器中的草地贪夜蛾数量，并清理诱捕器，持续调查30天。调查结果如表2所示。
表2
配方 诱捕量(头/3天) 配方 诱捕量(头/3天) 配方 诱捕量(头/3天)
Sf-1 3.33±0.88 Sf-13 11.67±1.45 Sf-25 33.67±1.45
Sf-2 2.33±1.20 Sf-14 8.33±2.08 Sf-26 41.67±3.48
Sf-3 1.00±0.58 Sf-15 12.33±4.04 Sf-27 42.00±1.16
Sf-4 3.00±0.58 Sf-16 32.00±2.00 Sf-28 42.33±4.91
Sf-5 3.33±1.45 Sf-17 32.00±1.53 Sf-29 42.67±2.03
Sf-6 8.00±1.73 Sf-18 33.33±2.85 Sf-30 41.00±4.51
Sf-7 9.33±1.45 Sf-19 34.00±1.53 Sf-31 80.33±4.33
Sf-8 6.33±1.45 Sf-20 36.67±2.08 Sf-32 51.67±5.55
Sf-9 9.67±0.33 Sf-21 34.33±2.60 Sf-33 59.67±4.81
Sf-10 11.00±2.08 Sf-22 33.67±2.73 Sf-34 56.33±3.76
Sf-11 12.33±2.03 Sf-23 36.00±2.52 Sf-35 43.67±2.73
Sf-12 11.33±2.60 Sf-24 33.00±1.73 CK 0
注：表中数据为每个诱捕器每3天诱捕量平均值±标准误。
试验结果表明：本发明所述的食诱剂对草地贪夜蛾的引诱效果非常显著。单组分的D-柠檬烯、甲酸苯甲酯、异长叶烯、邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯或水杨酸甲酯加入诱芯后均能引诱到草地贪夜蛾，但引诱数量较少。二元混合物能增加草地贪夜蛾的诱捕能力，但与单一成分相比无显著性差异。三元组合物和四元组合物能大幅度提高草地贪夜蛾诱捕数量，但低于五元组合物(Sf-31)。同时设置了五元组合物的不同比例实验，发现当D-柠檬烯0.5mg，甲酸苯甲酯0.15mg、异长叶烯0.15mg、水杨酸甲酯0.10mg，邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯5.5mg时，草地贪夜蛾引诱效果最佳，单个诱捕器诱捕量超过80头/3天。
实施例2田间生物活性测定试验
为进一步明确草地贪夜蛾食诱剂诱芯持效期，按照实施例1中的配方Sf-31制备诱芯。将诱芯悬挂于田间，每10天检测诱芯中有效组分的含量，持续检测2个月。实验结果表明，草地贪夜蛾食诱剂诱芯能缓慢释放有效组分。在2个月后，草地贪夜蛾食诱剂诱芯有效组分含量大于3mg，说明该诱芯的持效期要大于2个月，可准确应用于草地贪夜蛾的虫情测报、大量诱杀。
以上公开的仅为本发明的具体实施例，但是，本发明并非局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种食诱剂防治草地贪夜蛾的应用，其特征在于，所述食诱剂活性组分由以下质量百分数的原料组成：D-柠檬烯1-30%，甲酸苯甲酯10-35%，异长叶烯10%-20%，水杨酸甲酯5-30%，邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯40-60%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的食诱剂防治草地贪夜蛾的应用，其制备方法为，将D-柠檬烯、甲酸苯甲酯、异长叶烯、邻甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯溶于氯化石蜡、石蜡油或玉米油中，形成食诱剂溶液后，加入到高35 mm×直径8 mm×壁厚0.35 mm聚乙烯小黑瓶中。
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