CN1149914A - 脱水剂盐水的真空脱水 - Google Patents

脱水剂盐水的真空脱水 Download PDF

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CN1149914A
CN1149914A CN95193369A CN95193369A CN1149914A CN 1149914 A CN1149914 A CN 1149914A CN 95193369 A CN95193369 A CN 95193369A CN 95193369 A CN95193369 A CN 95193369A CN 1149914 A CN1149914 A CN 1149914A
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罗伯特·威尔顿·詹姆斯
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Abstract

一种脱水剂盐水的真空脱水的装置。在真空干燥器(17)中通过与要在蒸发冷却器(23)中冷却的空气接触而使脱水剂盐水(12)加热及稀释，但通过在一真空室(11)中脱水而再生，从真空室首先排入一槽(16)，随后再回到真空室(11)。脱水剂盐水(12)及空气在空气干燥器(17)中加热，在真空室(11)中热盐水有高于大气的温度，其提供更高的蒸汽压，其水分容易蒸发。更高的效率使要输入的热量减少，因而减少了要求的热交换器的范围。这种装置也改进了蒸发空气冷却器的效率。

Description

脱水剂盐水的真空脱水
本发明涉及脱水剂盐水的真空脱水，使用真空技术代替通常用的高能加热。
空调器分成两大类，第一类是称为致冷剂型，它包括一封闭的致冷剂及润滑剂的管路，致冷剂及润滑剂被一个往复式泵或涡流泵泵送通过一冷凝器，其中致冷剂如果没有完全则也是大部分转变成液体，随后在蒸发器中膨胀，在那里液体重新转回气体，因此吸收潜热提供致冷。这种致冷剂型空调器通常可达到有效系数为3，它们是常用的。
更便宜的一类是蒸发冷却器，其中水通过一吸收填料，借助通过环境空气，水在该处蒸发并冷却。打于相对干燥的空气，有效系数可达到比更贵的致冷型的空调剂大得多的值，因此对这种冷却器有更多的需求。但是，在更潮湿的气候下会遇到问题，当空气湿度为100％则完全没有蒸发产生。另外，在湿度比较高的气候下，虽然没有高到100％，把更多的水蒸汽加到空气中也是不可接收的，在某些情形下，要求进行热交换分离掉冷却的但较湿的空气。但是，由于蒸发可发生在比较小的湿度范围内，已蒸发及未蒸发的空气的温差较小，结果如果使用热交换器，需要大的表面积。这些问题已很好地被认识了，已作了很多努力去解决它们，主要是通过使用脱水剂。吸湿材料(如溴化锂)从空气中吸收水分是很有效的，但是水份的蒸发会导致冷却，冷凝导至加热，并且在现有技术蒸发空调器中，其中脱水剂首先干燥空气，已考虑必须使用附加的热交换器。再生脱水剂的通常方法是使用另外的热(例如，煤气火焰)，但这样另外增加了热量输入并且要另外的热交换器。因为热交换器占体积及化钱，已作了努力使用多级脱水剂，实例可参见授与Kaplan的US5170633及授与Assaf的US4869070以及授与Albers的US5097668，这些说明书包括的现有技术，申请人认为是与本申请最相关的。
其它的相应的现有技术存在在所谓的“水冰箱”。据认为水不适宜用于使用封闭管路型的冰箱中，因为首先水有相当低的蒸汽压，其次它在低温下有高的比容。但是也很好地知道它可以保持高真空，例如，在7℃(45°F)，蒸汽压约为10mbar(0.15psi)，相应的蒸汽的比容为125m3/kg(2000英尺3/磅)。如果蒸发是连续的，要求除去大量的蒸汽，在水用作致冷剂的情形下，例(如蔬菜冷却装置)，已补充了真空泵，通过致冷剂在真空室中蒸发，它有助于使水蒸汽冷凝而仍然在真空室中。本发明使用真空脱水技术而不用致冷剂。申请人已考虑但还没有用的一种变型是通过一喷嘴排出高压气流，该喷嘴在与真空室连通的文丘里管的上游，但是对空调的目的这并不适用，在任何情形下，气流喷射泵的问题是效率很低。
本发明的主要目的是简化脱水剂再生，使用一个真空脱水装置，但具有较低的热交换要求。如上所述，应用另外的热干燥脱水剂通常要求加入另外的热交换器。
在本发明中，通过吸收水蒸汽而加热及烯释的盐水被真空室中由真空泵产生的真空脱水。至少有两个液动循环管路，第一管路包括一个泵，把已脱水的脱水剂盐水送到空气干燥器中，在那里被稀释。第二管路把稀释的盐水送到真空室，在那里进行脱水。
由于蒸发脱水吸热量与脱水的空气放热量几乎一样，可以大大减少附加的热输入量来再生脱水剂，因此减少了对热交换器的要求。
本发明配有一蒸发空调器，其中空气分开地被脱水剂干燥，而脱水剂的脱水或再生由真空进行。本发明还涉及回收蒸馏水送到蒸发冷却器，干燥空气通过该冷却器。后一特点特别重要，因为当蒸发冷却器产生的蒸发用蒸馏水以外的物质会积聚盐的沉积。
下面参照附图详细说明本发明的三个实施例，附图中：
图1示出使用真空室从吸水的脱水剂中快速蒸发水及把要用的热的干空气送入蒸发冷却器中的装置；
图2示出本发明的一个变型，其中空气在进入蒸发冷却器前干燥及冷却；
图3示出本发明的另一个变型，当空气穿过使用真空蒸发的水/空气热交换器时是热的和干燥的。
至少有两个，在这些实施例中有三个基本的液动循环管路，也就是图中标为液动循环管路A、管路B及管路C。
首先参见图1的实施例，真空泵10把水蒸汽从真空室11中抽出来(真空室11中含有吸水的脱水剂溶液12)，因而使脱水剂的浓度增加，从真空室11中脱出的水蒸汽通过管路C在热交换器13中冷凝成蒸馏水，随后作为纯的冷水送去对空调器(未示出)中的蒸发填料增湿。
在管路A中，设有一个泵15，它从液槽16中把脱水而再生的脱水剂泵到空气干燥器吸收垫料17，通过垫料17，盐水渗滤送到第二槽18作为热的脱水盐水。含湿气的空气由风扇19驱动通过垫料17，水分被脱水剂吸收，因而使热的干燥空气送到蒸发空气冷却器(未示出)。
设有三个阀来控制真空室11中的液面保持在低液面L-L和高液面H-L之间。这些阀标为V1，V2，V3。有下面的程序产生：
(1)V1打开，V2，V3关闭，在室11中保持真空，把热的吸水的脱水剂溶液从槽18中抽出直到到达高液位H-L。
(2)V1，V2，V3都关闭，真空泵10蒸发水分因而使热的脱水剂溶液脱水及冷却，直到液位降到L-L。
(3)V1关闭，V2，V3打开，浓缩的脱水剂溶液通过管路B从真空室11流入槽16。
用这种装置，只要低的能量输入就可脱水，蒸馏水容易冷却因而部分抵消从填料17流出的干燥空气的较高温度。
在图2中，管路A，B，C的作用如图1中那样。脱水剂也是吸湿的盐溶液，例如溴化锂，并且作为液流存入槽16a中而在空气干燥器17a中暴露到环境空气的通道中，再从槽16a作为冷却的吸湿的盐水向上抽通过阀21被真空泵10a抽到真空室11a。补给水如第一实施例那样，通过槽16a的延伸部的一个第二槽22供入。这容易被加热，并构成低级热源。计量泵15a计量从室11a到空气干燥器17a的盐水，它也起到阀的作用把室11a存在的低压与空气干燥器17a存在的环境压力分开。在碰到空气干燥器17a中的湿空气后，空气中水分冷凝导致加热，使槽16a含有热的稀释盐水，在盐水在真空下送入室11a时，它循环通过阀21。在某些情形下必须在阀21及室11a之间加入一小的热交换器。
真空泵10a抽出在空气干燥器17a中产生的蒸汽，该蒸汽在热交换器13a中冷凝，并作为几乎冷到环境温度的蒸馏水送到蒸发冷却器23a。所示的热交换器13a是一个空气/水热交换器。从空气干燥器17a流出的干燥空气随着通过一个空气/空气热交换器24而冷却，而在蒸发冷却器23a中又进一步增湿。在空气干燥器17a的底部的脱水剂盐水液面由两个测头26，27控制，当液面低于侧头27时打开阀21，而当液面高于测头26时关闭阀21。
在该实施例中，在真空室11中不需要很低的压力，因为在空气干燥器17a达到的高温。结果，真空泵10a可以有简单及不贵的结构，热交换器13a及24也可以如此。另外，与图1的相继的过程相比，图2实施例示出了一个连续的过程。
图3的实施例是图1，2的一个变型，相应的元件标以同样的标号，但加后缀‘b’。它有第三低液面测头28，在盐水被泵15b通过阀30抽干时，它可暂时打开阀29在槽16b中再装满盐水。阀29，30是电连动的以达到上述这一点。把盐水再充满真空室11b主要由真空泵10b并辅之以循环泵15b进行的。
图3实施例也是连续式的。图3中真空室11b包括多个热交换管33，在空气干燥器17b中加热和干燥过的环境空气在热交换管之间通过。这使真空室11b中的蒸汽压力升高，并增加真空泵效率，依次在空气进入蒸发冷却器23b前冷却空气。泵15b使脱水剂盐水流过管33，这也使蒸发强化。泵34使脱水剂盐水循环通过管路A，而空气干燥器17b，管路B，C起到第一，二实施例中的同样作用。
在所有三个实施例中，脱水剂12脱水时如果不是热的，至少是温的，在第三实施例中，通过热交换管33的热空气补充了室11b中的热。这强化了室11b中水的蒸发，通过把吸湿的脱水剂通过管33进一步强化了蒸发。并不总是可以避免进一步加热，但要求降低很多，结果热交换器容器成本相当节省。

Claims (15)

1.一种对稀释的脱水剂盐水进行真空脱水的装置，包括一真空室，一个与所述真空室上部流体连通的真空泵，
液面低于所述的真空室的槽，和一个空气干燥器，
一个液流通道，包括从所述的真空室到所述的槽延伸的阀，
第一和第二液动循环管路，
所述的第一管路包括一泵，可操作以传送已脱水的脱水剂盐水通过一管道到所述的空气干燥器以使得通过所述的空气干燥器时干燥空气，结果所述的盐水稀释。
所述的第二管路包括第二管道，和把所述的稀释的盐水送到所述的真空室的装置，其中由致动所述的真空泵产生的低的蒸汽压通过蒸发使所述的稀释的盐水脱水。
2.按照权利要求1的装置，其特征在于还包括一第三流动循环管路，包括一与所述的真空泵流体连通的热交换器，构成一结构其中以所述的真空室被所述的泵脱出的水蒸汽冷凝成蒸馏水。
3.按照权利要求2的装置，其特征在于还包括一蒸发空气冷却器，和一个连通在所述的空气冷却器及所述的热交换器之间的管路，把所述的蒸馏水传送到所述的空气冷却器在那里蒸发。
4.按照权利要求2的装置，其特征在于还包括一第二槽设在低于所述的空气干燥器的水平，安排来接收所述的稀释的脱水剂盐水，所述的第二管路包括一管道，包含从所述的第二槽到所述的真空室的下部延伸的第一阀，
一个第二阀设在所述的真空室的上部，可向环境空气打开，
还有另一个管路，含有第三阀，并从所述的真空室的下部延伸到所述的第一槽以把脱水的脱水剂盐水从所述的真空室传送到所述的第一槽。
5.按照权利要求2的装置，其特征还在于所述的第一管路包括一在所述的真空室的下部和所述的空气干燥器之间延伸的管道，并且所述的泵是在所述的管路中的一计量泵。
6.按照权利要求2的装置，其特征在于所述的第二管路包括一管道延伸在所述的槽与所述的真空泵的上部之间，所述的第二管路含有一阀，其打开时，允许在真空泵工作时在空气压力影响下使脱水剂从所述的槽向上流到所述的真空室。
7.按照权利要求2的装置，其特征在于所述的真空室包括一上部、一下部，在这些上下部之间延伸的多个管，所述的第二管路包括从所述的下部延伸的排液管，所述的排液管的两个分支一个终止在低于在所述的槽中正常的盐水液面，另一个高于正常的盐水液面，在各分支中的一个阀，另有一个分支延伸到所述的真空室的上部，在所述的另一分支中有一循环泵。
8.一种改进蒸发空气冷却器的效率的方法，包括：
a.使空气通过一空气干燥器，同时使脱水的脱水剂盐水通过所述的干燥器与所述的空气接触，结果使空气干燥和使脱水剂稀释；
b.把所述的脱水剂盐水输送到一槽，并从所述的槽传送到一真空室；
c.致动一真空泵的所述的真空室中抽出水蒸汽，使所述的稀释的脱水剂脱水；
d.把所述的水蒸汽送过一热交换器使所述的水蒸汽冷却及冷凝成蒸馏水；
e.把所述的蒸馏水送过一蒸发空气冷却器并且通过使所述的蒸馏水蒸发而使空气增湿及冷却。
9.按照权利要求8的方法，其特征在于进一步还包括把脱水剂盐水从所述的槽循环流过所述的真空室而使所述的盐水脱水，再通过所述的干燥器，再回到所述的槽。
10.按照权利要求9的方法，其特征在于还包括把所述的盐水循环通过连结所述的真空室的上部和下部的热交换管，把从所述的空气干燥器送出的空气送过所述的热交换管。
11.一种按照附图1说明的使稀释脱水剂盐水真空脱水的装置。
12.一种按照附图2说明的使稀释脱水剂盐水真空脱水的装置。
13.一种按照附图3说明的使稀释脱水剂盐水真空脱水的装置。
14.一种按照附图2说明的改进蒸发空气冷却器的效率的方法。
15.一种按照附图3说明的改进蒸发空气冷却器的效率的方法。
CN95193369A 1994-05-30 1995-05-29 脱水剂盐水的真空脱水 Expired - Fee Related CN1092317C (zh)

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WO1995033161A1 (en) 1995-12-07
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GR950100206A (en) 1996-01-31

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