CN114985127A - Method for changing jet flow shape - Google Patents
Method for changing jet flow shape Download PDFInfo
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- CN114985127A CN114985127A CN202210830442.3A CN202210830442A CN114985127A CN 114985127 A CN114985127 A CN 114985127A CN 202210830442 A CN202210830442 A CN 202210830442A CN 114985127 A CN114985127 A CN 114985127A
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- flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/12—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means capable of producing different kinds of discharge, e.g. either jet or spray
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/10—Drag reduction
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for changing the shape of a jet, which comprises the following steps: when the jet flow shape of the non-circular jet flow needs to be maintained, a first flow guide unit is arranged at the nozzle tip of the non-circular jet flow; when the circular jet flow needs to be changed into non-circular jet flow, a second flow guide unit is arranged at a nozzle of the circular jet flow; the first flow guide unit and the second flow guide unit are both streamline flow guide units. The invention realizes that the shape of the non-circular jet flow can be effectively maintained and the circular jet flow can be changed into the non-circular jet flow by installing the streamline flow guide unit on the nozzle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of jet flow control, in particular to a method for changing the shape of jet flow.
Background
When the fluid is jetted from the jet orifice to an infinite space, the flow is separated from the original limited environment, and the flow continues to spread in the space, and the flow is called jet flow. The jet flow is widely applied in the fields of aerospace engines, petrochemical injection pumps, farmland spray irrigation water jet, fire-fighting spray gun water jet, gas welding, gas cutting injection, metallurgical industry and the like.
Turbulent jets are used when the reynolds number (calculated as orifice size and flow rate) of the jet orifice is greater than 30, so the actual jet is typically a turbulent jet. Due to turbulent pulsation, the jet blends with the stationary fluid and the surrounding fluid is entrained by the jet fluid, a phenomenon known as entrainment. Due to entrainment and mixing of surrounding fluids, the jet cross section is continuously enlarged, the speed is reduced, and the flow is increased along the way. Over a considerable distance, the jet undergoes a process from developing to disappearing. The common feature of all jets is the occurrence of entrainment, cross-sectional expansion and central velocity decay.
According to the geometrical shape of the nozzle, the nozzle can be divided into a circular jet flow, a rectangular jet flow, a slit-shaped jet flow and the like. In the field of engineering applications, the performance of the jet is closely related to the efficiency of the operation. Compared with circular jet flow, non-circular jet flow such as rectangular jet flow and triangular jet flow can effectively entrain surrounding fluid, has stronger mixing characteristic, and the property enables the non-circular jet flow such as the triangular jet flow and the rectangular jet flow to have important application in process industry, such as a combustor, a mixer and the like.
When the nozzle is circular, the cross sections of the jet flow along different flow directions are circular. However, when the nozzle is non-circular, the shape of the jet is substantially the same as the shape of the nozzle in the initial section of the jet outlet, but the shape of the jet gradually changes with the position of the flow direction and finally gradually changes into a circular shape. For example, when the Aspect Ratio (AR) of a rectangular orifice is less than 3 (AR < 3), the air jet quickly evolves from a rectangular shape to a circular shape. Therefore, the nozzle structure is optimized, the mixing performance is improved, the jet flow shape is controllable, and the nozzle has important significance in the field of engineering application.
The research work of optimizing jet nozzles at home and abroad mainly focuses on the aspects of nozzle structural parameter optimization, nozzle flow channel design, nozzle type design (such as a circular nozzle, an annular nozzle, a rectangular or square nozzle and a strip seam nozzle) and the like on the overall appearance structure of the nozzle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for changing the shape of jet flow, so as to realize that the shape of non-circular jet flow can be effectively maintained, and circular jet flow can be changed into non-circular jet flow.
The invention provides a method for changing the shape of a jet, which comprises the following steps:
when the jet flow shape of the non-circular jet flow needs to be maintained, a first flow guide unit is arranged at the nozzle tip part of the non-circular jet flow;
when the circular jet flow needs to be changed into non-circular jet flow, a second flow guide unit is arranged at a nozzle of the circular jet flow;
the first flow guide unit and the second flow guide unit are both streamline flow guide units.
In some embodiments, the surface of the first flow guide unit is an airfoil shape, and the bottom surface is a rectangular plane.
In some embodiments, the first flow guide unit has the following dimensions:
the airfoil chord length c of the first flow guide unit 1 Nozzle depth X of non-circular jet flow 1 Equal;
width d of the first guide unit 1 Satisfies the following conditions: d is not less than 0.03L 1 Less than or equal to 0.1L, wherein L is the side length of the short side of the nozzle of the non-circular jet flow;
the maximum thickness t of the first flow guide unit 1 Satisfies the following conditions: 0.1d 1 ≤t 1 ≤0.2d 1 。
In some embodiments, the distance Y between the first flow guide unit and the adjacent wall of the nozzle of the non-circular jet satisfies the following condition: 0.5d 1 ≤Y≤d 1 。
In some embodiments, the first flow guide unit is provided with 2 flow guide units at each nozzle tip of the non-circular jet.
In some embodiments, the surface of the second flow guide unit is an airfoil shape, and the bottom surface of the second flow guide unit is a curved surface matched with the nozzle of the circular jet flow.
In some embodiments, the second flow guide unit has the following dimensions:
the airfoil chord length c of the second flow guide unit 2 Nozzle depth X of circular jet flow 2 Equal;
width d of the second guide unit 2 Satisfies the following conditions: d is not less than 0.03D 2 Less than or equal to 0.1D, wherein D is the section diameter of a nozzle of the circular jet flow;
the maximum thickness t of the second guide unit 2 Satisfies the following conditions: 0.1d 2 ≤t 2 ≤0.2d 2 。
In some embodiments, the number of the second flow guide units is consistent with the number of the shape sides of the target non-circular jet.
In some embodiments, the airfoil is a NACA airfoil, a supercritical airfoil, or a supersonic airfoil.
In some embodiments, two lateral edges of the first flow guide unit and the second flow guide unit adopt circular arc transition.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the shape of the jet flow of the non-circular nozzle such as a triangle, a rectangle, a polygon and the like along the way can be maintained, and the shape of the jet flow of the circular nozzle can be changed;
2. the invention does not change the whole appearance of the original nozzle, and only adds the flow guide unit at the tip of the non-circular nozzle or the circular nozzle, thereby not only maintaining the favorable application characteristic of the original nozzle to the application problem of the original engineering, but also playing the role of the flow guide unit in effectively controlling the shape of the jet flow;
3. the stream guidance unit adopts a streamline form, and has little influence on jet noise.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-view diagram of a first flow guide unit in an embodiment of the invention (upper left in the drawing: side view; lower left in the drawing: top view; upper right in the drawing: front view).
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of a first flow guide unit arranged at the nozzle tip of a rectangular jet in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first flow guide unit arranged at the nozzle tip of a rectangular jet in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first flow guide unit arranged at the nozzle tip of a triangular jet in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a second flow guide unit in the embodiment of the present invention (upper left in the figure: side view; lower left in the figure: top view; upper right in the figure: front view).
Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention, in which the second flow guide unit is arranged at the nozzle of the circular jet and is changed into a rectangular jet.
Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a triangular jet flow in the embodiment of the invention, wherein a second flow guide unit is arranged at the nozzle of the circular jet flow.
Fig. 8a is a velocity cloud chart of cross sections of the jet flow along different flow directions before the nozzle tip of the rectangular jet flow is provided with the first flow guide unit in the embodiment of the invention (the flow direction distance is 0.43 Dn).
Fig. 8b is a velocity cloud chart of cross sections of the rectangular jet flow along different flow directions after the nozzle tip of the rectangular jet flow is provided with the first flow guide unit (the flow direction distance is 0.43 Dn).
Fig. 8c is a velocity cloud chart of cross sections of the jet flow along different flow directions before the nozzle tip of the rectangular jet flow is provided with the first flow guide unit in the embodiment of the invention (the flow direction distance is 1.51 Dn).
Fig. 8d is a velocity cloud chart of cross sections of the rectangular jet flow along different flow directions after the nozzle tip of the rectangular jet flow is provided with the first flow guide unit (the flow direction distance is 1.51 Dn).
Fig. 8e is a velocity cloud chart of cross sections of the jet flow along different flow directions before the nozzle tip of the rectangular jet flow is provided with the first flow guide unit in the embodiment of the invention (the flow direction distance is 2.48 Dn).
Fig. 8f is a velocity cloud chart of cross sections of the jet flow along different flow directions after the nozzle tip of the rectangular jet flow is provided with the first flow guide unit (the flow direction distance is 2.48 Dn).
Fig. 9a is a diagram of a vortex cloud (flow direction distance of 2.48 Dn) measured in a PIV (particle image velocimetry) test in which a jet flow flows to the same cross section before a first flow guide unit is installed at the tip of a rectangular jet nozzle in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9b is a diagram of a vortex cloud (flow direction distance of 2.48 Dn) measured in a PIV (particle image velocimetry) test in which a jet flow flows to the same cross section after a first flow guide unit is installed at the tip of a rectangular jet nozzle in the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein Dn represents the orifice equivalent diameter of the rectangular jet; u Velocity is jet Velocity; vortex-Z represents Vorticity.
Icon: 10-a first flow guide unit and 20-a second flow guide unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for changing a jet shape, including:
when the jet flow shape of the non-circular jet flow needs to be maintained, a first flow guide unit 10 is arranged at the nozzle tip of the non-circular jet flow;
when the circular jet flow needs to be changed into non-circular jet flow, a second flow guide unit 20 is arranged at the nozzle of the circular jet flow;
the first flow guide unit 10 and the second flow guide unit 20 are both streamline flow guide units. Namely, the core of the invention is that the streamline flow guide unit is arranged on the nozzle to realize that the shape of the non-circular jet flow (such as triangular, rectangular or square and polygonal jet flow) can be effectively maintained, and the circular jet flow can be changed into the non-circular jet flow (such as triangular, rectangular or square and polygonal jet flow).
(1) Maintaining jet shape of non-circular jet
As shown in fig. 1, the surface of the first flow guide unit 10 is an airfoil shape, and the bottom surface is a rectangular plane. Wherein, the airfoil profile is a NACA airfoil profile, a supercritical airfoil profile or a supersonic velocity airfoil profile and the like. Two side edges of the first flow guide unit 10 adopt arc transition.
The dimensions of the first flow guiding unit 10 are as follows:
the airfoil chord length c of the first flow guide unit 10 1 Nozzle depth X of non-circular jet flow 1 Equal, as shown in fig. 2;
width d of the first guide unit 10 1 Satisfies the following conditions: d is not less than 0.03L 1 Equal to or less than 0.1L, wherein L is the length of the short side of the nozzle of the non-circular jet, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, further, the distance Y between the first guide unit 10 and the adjacent wall of the nozzle of the non-circular jet satisfies the following conditions: 0.5d 1 ≤Y≤d 1 。
The maximum thickness t of the first guide unit 10 1 Satisfies the following conditions: 0.1d 1 ≤t 1 ≤0.2d 1 。
And as can be seen from fig. 2, 3 and 4, the first flow guide unit 10 is installed at each nozzle tip of the non-circular jet flow by 2. As shown in fig. 3, the rectangular jet has 4 nozzle tips, and a total of 8 first guide units 10 are installed. As shown in fig. 4, the triangular jet has 3 nozzle tips, and a total of 6 first guide units 10 are installed.
(2) Changing a circular jet to a non-circular jet
As shown in fig. 5, the surface of the second flow guiding unit 20 is an airfoil shape, and the bottom surface is a curved surface matched with the nozzle of the circular jet flow. Wherein, the airfoil profile is a NACA airfoil profile, a supercritical airfoil profile or a supersonic velocity airfoil profile and the like. Two lateral edges of the second guide unit 20 adopt arc transition.
The dimensions of the second guide unit 20 are as follows:
the airfoil chord length c of the second flow guide unit 20 2 Nozzle depth X of circular jet flow 2 Equal;
width d of the second guide unit 20 2 Satisfies the following conditions: d is not less than 0.03D 2 Less than or equal to 0.1D, wherein D is the cross-sectional diameter of the nozzle of the circular jet, as shown in figures 6 and 7;
a maximum thickness t of the second guide unit 20 2 Satisfies the following conditions: 0.1d 2 ≤t 2 ≤0.2d 2 。
The number of the second guide units 20 is consistent with the number of the target non-circular jet flow shape sides. Such as:
as shown in fig. 6, when it is required to change the circular jet flow into the rectangular jet flow, 4 second guide units 20 are installed at the spout of the circular jet flow.
As shown in fig. 7, when the circular jet is changed into the triangular jet, 3 second guide units 20 are installed at the nozzle of the circular jet.
The intervals between the second flow guiding units 20 may be equal or unequal, and are determined according to the parameter proportion of the shape of the target non-circular jet.
The application range of the method for changing the jet shape is low-speed gas jet, so that the requirements on the materials of the first flow guide unit 10 and the second flow guide unit 20 are not high, and the method can be metal such as aluminum alloy or steel, and can also be wooden acrylic plates with high hardness and the like.
Example (c):
numerical simulation research and wind tunnel test verification are carried out on the physical mechanism of the flow guide units (the first flow guide unit 10 and the second flow guide unit 20) for controlling the jet flow shape.
Fig. 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e and 8f respectively show velocity clouds of the rectangular jet with different flow direction cross sections before and after the first flow guide unit 10 is arranged at the nozzle tip part of the jet. It can be seen that the jet velocity is slowed and the jet cross-section is continuously enlarged due to entrainment and intermingling of the surrounding fluid. As is apparent from the three figures of fig. 8a, 8c, and 8e without the first flow guide unit 10 installed, the rectangular jet gradually changes into a circular jet without the flow guide unit; however, after the first flow guide unit 10 is installed at the nozzle tip of the rectangular jet, as is apparent from the three drawings of fig. 8b, 8d, and 8f where the first flow guide unit 10 is installed, the strong vortex structure generated by the first flow guide unit 10 at the nozzle tip attracts turbulent kinetic energy from the middle of the shear layer to the two side tips, which inhibits the expansion of the shear layer in the middle, thereby maintaining the rectangular shape of the jet.
Fig. 9a and 9b show the vortex cloud images measured by the PIV (particle image velocimetry) test of the front jet flow and the rear jet flow of the first flow guide unit 10 arranged at the tip of the rectangular jet nozzle flowing to the same cross section. It can be seen that the rectangular shape of the jet boundary is maintained obviously after the nozzle tip of the rectangular jet is installed with the first flow guide unit 10. Similarly, when the first guide unit 10 is installed at the nozzle tip of the triangular jet and the nozzle tip of the polygonal jet, the suction mechanism of the first guide unit 10 can effectively maintain the shapes of the triangular jet and the polygonal jet.
Similarly, when the second flow guiding unit 20 is installed in the nozzle of the circular jet, the strong vortex structure generated by the second flow guiding unit 20 attracts the turbulent kinetic energy of the shear layer to the vicinity of the second flow guiding unit 20 itself, so as to inhibit most of the shear layer from expanding, thereby changing the jet boundary from circular to the desired target non-circular jet shape, such as triangle, rectangle, polygon, etc.
From the above, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the shape of the jet flow of the non-circular nozzle such as a triangle, a rectangle, a polygon and the like along the way can be maintained, and the shape of the jet flow of the circular nozzle can be changed;
2. the invention does not change the whole appearance of the original nozzle, and only adds the flow guide unit at the tip of the non-circular nozzle or the circular nozzle, thereby not only maintaining the favorable application characteristic of the original nozzle to the application problem of the original engineering, but also playing the role of the flow guide unit in effectively controlling the shape of the jet flow;
3. the stream guidance unit adopts a streamline form, and has little influence on jet noise.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of changing the shape of a jet, the method comprising:
when the jet flow shape of the non-circular jet flow needs to be maintained, a first flow guide unit is arranged at the nozzle tip of the non-circular jet flow;
when the circular jet flow needs to be changed into non-circular jet flow, a second flow guide unit is arranged at a nozzle of the circular jet flow;
the first flow guide unit and the second flow guide unit are both streamline flow guide units.
2. The method of changing the shape of a jet according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the first flow guide unit is an airfoil shape, and the bottom surface is a rectangular plane.
3. A method of changing the shape of a jet according to claim 2, characterized in that the dimensions of the first flow guiding cell are as follows:
the airfoil chord length c of the first flow guide unit 1 Nozzle depth X of non-circular jet flow 1 Equal;
width of the first guide unitDegree d 1 Satisfies the following conditions: d is not less than 0.03L 1 Less than or equal to 0.1L, wherein L is the side length of the short side of the nozzle of the non-circular jet flow;
the maximum thickness t of the first flow guide unit 1 Satisfies the following conditions: 0.1d 1 ≤t 1 ≤0.2d 1 。
4. A method of changing the jet shape according to claim 3, wherein the distance Y of the first flow guiding element from the adjacent wall of the orifice of the non-circular jet satisfies: 0.5d 1 ≤Y≤d 1 。
5. The method of changing a jet shape according to claim 4, wherein the first guide unit is installed 2 at each nozzle tip of the non-circular jet.
6. The method for changing the jet flow shape according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the second flow guide unit is an airfoil shape, and the bottom surface is a curved surface matched with the nozzle of the circular jet flow.
7. The method of changing the shape of a jet according to claim 6, wherein the dimensions of the second flow guide unit are as follows:
the airfoil chord length c of the second flow guide unit 2 Nozzle depth X of circular jet flow 2 Equal;
width d of the second guide unit 2 Satisfies the following conditions: d is not less than 0.03D 2 Less than or equal to 0.1D, wherein D is the section diameter of a nozzle of the circular jet flow;
the maximum thickness t of the second guide unit 2 Satisfies the following conditions: 0.1d 2 ≤t 2 ≤0.2d 2 。
8. The method of changing the shape of a jet according to any one of claims 1, 6 and 7, wherein the number of second flow directing units corresponds to the number of shape edges of the target non-circular jet.
9. The method of changing the shape of a jet according to claim 2 or 6, characterized in that the airfoil is a NACA airfoil, a supercritical airfoil or a supersonic airfoil.
10. The method for changing the shape of a jet according to claim 1, wherein the two lateral edges of the first and second flow guide units are in a circular arc transition.
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