CN114974625A - Heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in hyperboloid shape - Google Patents
Heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in hyperboloid shape Download PDFInfo
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- CN114974625A CN114974625A CN202210559490.3A CN202210559490A CN114974625A CN 114974625 A CN114974625 A CN 114974625A CN 202210559490 A CN202210559490 A CN 202210559490A CN 114974625 A CN114974625 A CN 114974625A
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- hyperboloid
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- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/257—Promoting flow of the coolant using heat-pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a hyperboloid shape, which comprises a reactor core, a shield and a plurality of straight heat pipes, wherein the reactor core is arranged in the hyperboloid shape; the multiple straight heat pipes are arranged in a circle or multiple circles along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, the evaporation sections of the heat pipes are obliquely inserted into the reactor core along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, the condensation sections of the heat pipes obliquely penetrate through the shielding body along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, and the central axis of each straight heat pipe is the straight bus of the hyperboloid where the heat pipe is located. The heat pipes in the heat pipe reactor with the heat pipes arranged in the shape of the hyperboloid are obliquely inserted into the reactor core in the arrangement mode of the double overall straight generatrixes, the heat pipes are not bent, and the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipes can be maintained; the heat pipe obliquely penetrates through the shielding body, so that the problem of excessive radiation leakage caused by vertical penetration of the heat pipe through the shielding body is avoided; the top space enclosed by the condensation section of the heat pipe is wide, so that thermoelectric conversion equipment is convenient to arrange; the envelope space of the evaporation section of the heat pipe is approximately cylindrical, and the envelope size of the reactor core can be controlled to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, in particular to a heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a hyperboloid shape.
Background
The heat pipe reactor is a novel reactor which utilizes heat pipe to transfer heat to cool the reactor core, the heat pipe reactor adopts the design of an integrated solid reactor core, a plurality of heat pipes are used for leading out the heat generated by the reactor core, wherein the heat pipe evaporation section is inserted into the reactor core, and the heat pipe condensation section is connected with the thermoelectric conversion device, thereby realizing the leading-out of the heat of the reactor core. The heat pipe is thus a core component of the heat pipe reactor that connects the core and the thermoelectric conversion device.
In order to uniformly lead out the fission heat generated in the core, the heat pipes need to be relatively uniformly and dispersedly arranged in the active area of the core, fig. 1 is a heat pipe reactor in the prior art, which adopts a mode that the heat pipe 1 is vertically inserted into the core 3, and the heat pipe 1 is parallel to the central axis 4 of the core 3, and in order to connect the thermoelectric conversion device, the heat pipe 1 needs to pass through a shielding body 2 and other structural components. The arrangement mode of the heat pipes leads neutrons and photons generated by part of the reactor core 3 to directly penetrate through the heat pipe holes in the shielding body 2, so that the shielding effect is reduced, and in addition, the space covered by the top condensation section of the heat pipe 1 is limited, so that thermoelectric conversion equipment such as a Stirling generator and a thermoelectric generator is inconvenient to install.
Fig. 2 is another heat pipe reactor in the prior art, which employs bent heat pipes to avoid the above problems, the heat pipes are arranged in a manner shown in fig. 2, the heat pipes 1 are bent, the evaporation sections thereof are vertically inserted into the reactor core 3 and are parallel to the central axis 4 of the reactor core 3, the portions of the heat pipes 1 extending out of the reactor core are bent toward the outside of the reactor core 3 and obliquely surround the outside of the shield 2, the heat pipes of the reactor adopting bent heat pipes can bypass the shield, thereby reducing radiation leakage caused by the opening of the shield, and the top space surrounded by the condensation sections of the heat pipes is wide, thereby facilitating the arrangement of thermoelectric conversion equipment, but the heat transfer capacity of the bent heat pipes is greatly lower than that of the straight heat pipes, resulting in an undesirable heat conduction effect.
Fig. 3 shows another heat pipe reactor in the prior art, as shown in fig. 3, the heat pipes 1 are obliquely inserted into the core 3 and are not parallel to but intersect with the central axis 4 of the core 3, and all the heat pipes 3 are uniformly distributed on a conical surface. The part of the heat pipe 3 extending out of the core diagonally passes through the shield 2. The method for arranging the heat pipes in the shape of the common conical surface uses the straight heat pipes, reduces radiation leakage in the heat pipe holes of the shields in a mode of obliquely penetrating through the shields, is wide in top space surrounded by the condensation sections of the heat pipes and convenient for arrangement of thermoelectric conversion equipment, but increases the enveloping size of a reactor core due to the fact that the enveloping space formed by the evaporation sections of the heat pipes is in a trapezoidal shape.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention discloses a heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid shape, wherein the heat pipes in the reactor are obliquely inserted into a reactor core in a double-comprehensive straight bus direction arrangement manner, so that radiation leakage of a shield is reduced on the premise of not reducing heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipes, sufficient installation space of thermoelectric conversion equipment is provided, and the envelope size of the reactor core is effectively controlled.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid shape comprises a reactor core, a shielding body and a plurality of straight heat pipes; the multiple straight heat pipes are arranged along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, the evaporation sections of the straight heat pipes are obliquely inserted into the reactor core along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, the condensation sections of the straight heat pipes obliquely penetrate through the shielding body along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, and the central axis of each straight heat pipe is the straight bus of the hyperboloid where the straight heat pipe is located.
Preferably, the hyperboloid straight generatrix direction refers to a spatial orientation of a family of straight generatrixes of the hyperboloid, and a spatial angle between the spatial orientation and a central axis of the core is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °.
Preferably, the hyperboloid is a single-sheet hyperboloid.
Preferably, the central axis of the hyperbola coincides with the central axis of the reactor core.
Preferably, the waist curve of the hyperboloid in which the plurality of straight heat pipes are located is located in the core.
Preferably, the plurality of straight heat pipes are arranged in one circle or a plurality of circles, the plurality of straight heat pipes arranged in one circle are arranged along the same hyperboloid, and the plurality of straight heat pipes arranged in a plurality of circles are arranged along a plurality of hyperboloids.
Preferably, when the plurality of straight heat pipes are arranged in a plurality of turns along the hyperboloid, the plurality of straight heat pipes are alternately arranged with the fuel rods in the core.
Preferably, the alternate arrangement includes the alternate arrangement of the fuel rods and the straight heat pipes on different hyperboloids, the alternate arrangement of the fuel rods and the straight heat pipes on the same hyperboloid, and the heat pipes or the fuel rods on each hyperboloid and the heat pipes or the fuel rods on the adjacent hyperboloids are arranged in a staggered manner.
Preferably, the plurality of straight heat pipes arranged along the direction of the straight generatrix of the hyperboloid are suitable for any space type, star-shaped type, ground type and underwater type heat pipe reactors.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the heat pipes in the reactor are obliquely inserted into the reactor core of the reactor along the arrangement mode of the double-comprehensive straight generatrix direction, the heat pipes are not bent, and the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipes can be maintained; the heat pipe obliquely penetrates through the shielding body, so that the problem of excessive radiation leakage caused by vertical penetration of the heat pipe through the shielding body is avoided; the top space enclosed by the condensation section of the heat pipe is wide, so that thermoelectric conversion equipment is convenient to arrange; the envelope space of the evaporation section of the heat pipe is approximately cylindrical, and the envelope size of the reactor core can be controlled to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat pipe arrangement in which straight heat pipes are vertically inserted into a reactor core in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat pipe arrangement in which a bent heat pipe is vertically inserted into a core in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement structure of a co-conical surface type straight heat pipe in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a single-sheet hyperboloid structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a heat pipe reactor in which heat pipes provided in example 1 are arranged in a co-hyperboloid shape;
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the heat pipe arrangement provided in example 2;
FIG. 9 is a top view of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing an alternate arrangement of heat pipes and fuel rods in example 3;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the heat pipe inserted into the core containing dispersed fuel in example 4;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 12;
in the figure: 1. the heat pipe 2, the shield 3, the reactor core 4, the central axis 5 of the reactor core, the single-leaf hyperboloid 51, the straight bus 52, the waist curve 31, the fuel rod 32, the control rod 33, the dispersed fuel 34, the heat pipe hole 41, the inner ring enveloping circle 42, the outer ring enveloping circle 61, the inner ring heat pipe 62, the outer ring heat pipe 63 and the enveloping circle.
Detailed Description
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 4, a structural diagram of a typical single-sheet hyperboloid 5 is shown, the linear family is a family of straight generatrices 51 of the single-sheet hyperboloid 5, the single-sheet hyperboloid 5 can be formed by rotating the straight generatrices 51 around a z-axis, a circle located in the middle of the hyperboloid is a waist curve 52 of the single-sheet hyperboloid, the circle is located on a symmetrical plane of the single-sheet hyperboloid 5, the straight generatrices 51 of the single-sheet hyperboloid 5 are not coplanar and are not parallel and intersect, and the distance between the straight generatrices 51 at the waist curve 52 is the smallest. The straight heat pipe 1 of the present invention is arranged along the direction of the straight generatrix 51 as shown in the figure, and the envelope surface enclosed by the central axis of the heat pipe 1 is a hyperboloid.
It should be noted here that the direction of the straight hyperboloid generatrix 51 refers to the orientation of the space of a family of straight hyperboloid generatrixes 51, the angle of the space between the orientation and the central axis of the core being greater than 0 ° and less than 90 ° (degree)
Example 1
The heat pipe reactor shown in fig. 5, in which the heat pipes are arranged in a hyperboloid shape, includes a reactor core 4, a shield 2, and a plurality of straight heat pipes 1, where the plurality of straight heat pipes 1 are arranged along a direction of a hyperboloid straight bus, an evaporation section of the straight heat pipes is obliquely inserted into the reactor core 3 along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, a condensation section of the straight heat pipes obliquely passes through the shield 2 along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, a central axis of each straight heat pipe is a straight bus of the hyperboloid where the straight heat pipe is located, and a central axis of the hyperboloid coincides with a central axis of the reactor core, and a structural bottom view of the reactor core 3 is shown in fig. 6, where a heat pipe hole 34 is left at the bottom of the reactor core.
As shown in fig. 7, the waist curve of the hyperboloid of the plurality of straight heat pipes 1 is located in the core 3, in most cases, the waist curve is located on the axial central plane of the active area of the core 3, and the envelope space of the heat pipes in the core is approximately cylindrical, so that the envelope size of the core can be controlled to the maximum extent.
Example 2
The structure of the heat pipe reactor and the connection relationship between the structures in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, except that the heat pipes in this embodiment are arranged in two circles, as shown in fig. 8, each circle of heat pipes is arranged along a straight generatrix of a hyperbola where the heat pipes are located, and it can be seen from fig. 8 that an inner circle enveloping circle 41 and an outer circle enveloping circle 42 are respectively formed at the ends of the two circles of heat pipes.
In most cases, the two single-sheet hyperboloid co-progressive tapers, as shown in FIG. 9, the inner heat pipe 61 and the outer heat pipe 62 approach the progressive taper at the distal end, approximately on the same circle 63.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the fuel in the reactor core 1 is the fuel rod 31, and the arrangement of the heat pipes 1 still adopts a double-circle arrangement, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the heat pipes 1 are arranged in the reactor core 3 in two circles, each circle having 16 heat pipes 1. The fuel rods 31 are also arranged into three circles in the reactor core 3 in a hyperboloid arrangement method, 16 outer fuel rods 31 are arranged on the same hyperboloid as the heat pipe 1; 32 middle ring fuel rods 31 are positioned between the inner ring heat pipe 1 and the outer ring heat pipe 1 and are staggered with the outer ring heat pipe 1 and the outer ring fuel rods 31; the number of the inner ring fuel rods 31 is 16, and the inner ring fuel rods are positioned on the inner side of the inner ring heat pipe 1 and are staggered with the inner ring heat pipe 1. The core matrix also acts as a reflector and the core center has control rods 32.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the fuel in the reactor core 1 is the dispersed fuel 33, and the arrangement of the heat pipe 1 still adopts the double-circle arrangement, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, the heat pipe 1 is inserted in the dispersed fuel 33. The dispersed fuel body is annular, the heat pipes 1 are arranged in the reactor core in an inner circle and an outer circle, each circle is provided with 16 heat pipes, the inner side and the outer side of the dispersed fuel 33 are the reactor core matrix and the reflector, and the center of the reactor core is provided with a control rod 32.
Claims (9)
1. A heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid shape is characterized in that the reactor comprises a reactor core, a shielding body and a plurality of straight heat pipes; the multiple straight heat pipes are arranged along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, the evaporation sections of the straight heat pipes are obliquely inserted into the reactor core along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, the condensation sections of the straight heat pipes obliquely penetrate through the shielding body along the direction of the hyperboloid straight bus, and the central axis of each straight heat pipe is the straight bus of the hyperboloid where the straight heat pipe is located.
2. A heat pipe reactor having heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid shape according to claim 1, wherein the hyperboloid straight generatrix direction refers to a spatial orientation of a family of straight generatrixes of the hyperboloid, and a spatial angle between the spatial orientation and a central axis of the core is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °.
3. A heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid configuration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hyperboloid is a single-sheet hyperboloid.
4. A heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid shape according to claim 1, wherein the central axis of the hyperboloid coincides with the central axis of the core.
5. A heat pipe reactor having heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid configuration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hyperboloid of the plurality of straight heat pipes has a waist curve located within the core.
6. A heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid shape according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of straight heat pipes are arranged in one circle or a plurality of circles, the plurality of straight heat pipes arranged in one circle are arranged along the same hyperboloid, and the plurality of straight heat pipes arranged in a plurality of circles are arranged along a plurality of hyperboloids.
7. A heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid configuration as claimed in claim 6, wherein a plurality of straight heat pipes are arranged alternately with the fuel rods in the core when the plurality of straight heat pipes are arranged in a plurality of turns along the hyperboloid.
8. A heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid shape according to claim 7, wherein the alternate arrangement includes alternate arrangement of fuel rods and straight heat pipes on different hyperboloids, alternate arrangement of fuel rods and straight heat pipes on the same hyperboloid, and alternate arrangement of heat pipes or fuel rods on each hyperboloid and heat pipes or fuel rods on an adjacent hyperboloid.
9. A heat pipe reactor with heat pipes arranged in a co-hyperboloid shape according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of straight heat pipes arranged along the direction of the straight generatrix of the hyperboloid are suitable for any space type, star-shaped type, earth-shaped type and underwater type heat pipe reactors.
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Citations (8)
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---|---|---|---|---|
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2022
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