CN114966308B - Method for positioning fault section of annular power distribution network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a fault section positioning method for a ring-type power distribution network. Aiming at the problems of poor fault tolerance of a matrix algorithm and low positioning speed of an optimization algorithm in the traditional fault positioning method of the annular power distribution network, the section positioning method with complementary advantages of the matrix algorithm and the optimization algorithm is provided. Describing the power distribution network as a graph of node connection relations by applying a graph theory algorithm; and constructing a correlation function to verify the alarm information actually uploaded by the FTU and locate the fault section. The switch function constructed by the invention is not only used for evaluating the difference between the function and the actual alarm information to find the optimal solution, but also has the result of verifying whether the fault section obtained by the matrix algorithm is obtained under the condition of fault alarm information error. The dimensionality of the optimization algorithm solving evaluation function is greatly reduced, so that the fault searching range is reduced, the calculation speed is improved, and the fault tolerance performance is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fault positioning of a power distribution network, and particularly relates to a positioning method for a fault section of a ring-shaped power distribution network by utilizing fault information uploaded by an FTU and a topological structure of the power distribution network and combining an optimization algorithm to judge whether the fault information uploaded by the FTU is distorted so as to correct a positioning error result under the distortion condition.
Background
According to the current related data, 95% of power failure accidents of the power system occur in the power distribution network, and the accident asymmetric faults such as grounding or short-circuit caused by the lines account for about 85% of the total faults of the power distribution network. When a fault occurs at a certain point of the power grid, the fault is rapidly positioned, the fault area is rapidly isolated, and the power supply is recovered to the non-fault area by controlling related switches and power supplies, so that the reliability of the power supply is very important. Because the transmission network has a simple structure, various measurement monitoring devices are relatively perfect, and therefore, good effects are achieved for fault location. The distribution network has various structures, multiple circuit branches and different neutral point grounding modes, and in the distribution ring network, the bidirectional flow in the trend direction increases the difficulty of fault positioning.
With the development and perfection of distribution network automation, communication devices such as feeder terminal units FTU (FEEDER TERMINAL units) are used on a large scale, and fault location methods based on distribution network automation have become a main development direction. FTUs are intelligent terminal devices that are installed on a distribution room or feeder. The remote power distribution substation can communicate with a remote power distribution substation, send operation data of power distribution equipment to the power distribution substation, and can also receive control commands of the power distribution substation to control and regulate the power distribution equipment. The FTU is an embedded real-time multitasking operating system with advanced DSP digital signal processing technology, multi-CPU integration technology, high-speed industrial network communication technology and isolation technology, has strong stability, high reliability, good real-time performance, wide adaptation environment and strong function, and is a new generation feeder automation remote terminal device integrating functions of remote measurement, remote signaling, remote control, protection, communication and the like. At present, the research on the positioning of the power distribution network sections is mainly divided into two types: one type is fault section positioning based on FTU telemetry data, which is performed by calculating correlation coefficients, waveform decay constants, etc. of the acquired data. The method needs to extract the characteristic quantity or carry out mathematical transformation on the acquired data, and the processing process is complicated. The other type is a fault section positioning method based on FTU remote signaling data, and the fault section positioning method has the advantages of simplicity and rapidness in data analysis and processing. Such methods mainly include matrix algorithms and intelligent algorithms. The matrix algorithm is a rapid fault positioning method based on a power distribution network topological structure. The matrix algorithm has high positioning speed but poor fault tolerance, and if each FTU is communicated normally, the master station can acquire complete fault information, so that the fault can be positioned accurately through the fault positioning algorithm. However, the external condition of the power distribution network is complex, and communication faults can occur when equipment works in a severe environment for a long time. If communication failure occurs, the positioning result may be wrong or inaccurate, which may include the following situations:
(1) And (5) missed judgment, namely judging that the power distribution network has no faults according to a fault positioning algorithm although the power distribution network has faults. Under the condition, when a fault occurs in the power distribution network line, the system cannot detect the fault, and clients influenced by the fault need to report the fault condition to acquire fault information so as to respond.
(2) Misjudgment, namely that the positioned fault section is inconsistent with the actual fault section. Considering the cooperation with the subsequent fault isolation function, if erroneous judgment occurs, the fault area may not be isolated correctly, and even the normal area is isolated wrongly, which may cause the power supply reliability to be reduced and the workload of power grid operators to be increased.
(3) The scope is enlarged, i.e. the located fault scope is larger than the actual fault section, and further judgment or field inspection is required. And a maintainer needs to arrive at a power failure area, trip the circuit breaker along the distribution line to patrol the distribution line, and manually search a fault occurrence area. And then isolating the fault section through proper switching action, and recovering the power supply of other areas of the power distribution network. Therefore, no matter what circumstances appear, the risk and the power failure time of the operation of the power distribution network can be increased, and meanwhile, the working intensity of operation personnel of the power distribution network is increased.
The principle of intelligent algorithms such as a particle swarm algorithm, a bat algorithm, a harmony algorithm and the like is that fault information uploaded by the FTU is substituted into an established evaluation function, and then a fault section capable of best explaining alarm information is found out through the intelligent algorithm, so that fault positioning is realized. The intelligent algorithm has certain fault tolerance, but the fault positioning speed is relatively low, and the problem of local convergence exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize a fault section positioning method of a ring-type power distribution network, which solves the problem that the bidirectional power flow causes difficulty in positioning when a fault occurs in the ring-type power distribution network and solves the problem caused by the bidirectional power flow by assuming a positive direction. And the combination effect of the optimization algorithm and the switching function is utilized to cope with the condition of information distortion or missing report of the FTU uploading, so that the rapidity and the high fault tolerance of positioning are realized.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method for positioning the fault section of the high-loop power distribution network comprises the following steps:
S1, describing the structure of a power distribution network as a graph of a plurality of nodes and a connection relation between the nodes by applying a graph theory algorithm;
S2, defining the current flow direction in the power distribution network, wherein a first node through which the current positively flows is a father node, the rest is child nodes, and a network description matrix D n×n is established, and n is the number of nodes;
S3, a fault information matrix G n is established according to the alarm information actually uploaded by the FTU of each node, and a fault judging matrix P is formed according to the network description matrix D n×n and the fault information matrix G n;
S4, dividing the sections between the nodes into a T-joint section, a tail end section and a common section; analyzing elements in the fault discrimination matrix P by using fault criteria so as to locate a fault section;
S5, constructing a switch function G n ', wherein the switch function G n' reflects the logic or relation between the alarm information expected to be uploaded by the FTU at each node and the section state, and n is the number of the nodes; judging whether matrix elements corresponding to G n and G n' are equal, if so, directly outputting the result of S4, otherwise, checking the output result of S4 to obtain a suspicious fault section;
S6, constructing an evaluation function, optimizing the suspicious fault section obtained from the verification result, and outputting a final fault section positioning result according to the optimizing result.
Preferably, the direction of the main power supply flowing to each distributed power supply or branch end in the annular distribution network is defined as the positive direction.
Preferably, each element in the network description matrix D n×n is defined as follows:
wherein, i and j are all less than or equal to n, and the forward connection of the father and son nodes indicates that current flows through the father and son nodes in sequence in the forward direction.
Preferably, the FTU of each node uploads three logic signals of '1, 0 and-1' to the power distribution master station according to whether fault current is detected and whether the flow direction of the fault current is the same as the positive direction of the network; the elements of the fault information matrix G n are defined as follows:
wherein k is a positive integer not greater than n, and represents the kth element of the fault information matrix G n, the forward fault overcurrent represents the fault current as the positive direction, and the reverse fault overcurrent represents the fault current as the negative direction.
Preferably, each element in the fault discrimination matrix P is as follows:
Preferably, according to the section division, a faulty section is located according to any one of the conditions one to three: condition one: for node j, where P ii＝1、Pij =1, there is P jj =0 or-1, where i+.j;
Condition II: for node j of P ii＝-1、Pji =1, there is P jj =0, where i+.j;
And (3) a third condition: for node j of P ii＝0、Pij =1, there is P jj = -1, where i+.j;
Any one of the three conditions is satisfied, and
If the section between the node i and the node j is a common section, the fault occurs in the common section formed by the node i and the node j;
If the section between the node i and the node j is a T-joint section, positioning faults between two child nodes j 1、j2 and a father node of the T-joint section according to any one of three conditions, and if the positioning results are consistent, the faults occur in the T-joint section; if the positioning results are contradictory, and all the sub-node overcurrent information is not equal to 1, the T-junction section fails; otherwise, the T-joint section has no fault;
If the segment where node i is located is an end segment, the end segment fails when P ii＝1,Pij =0 is satisfied, where i+.j.
Preferably, the switching function is of the formula:
Wherein the upstream is a part taking the switch node i as a dividing line and containing a main power supply, and the rest part is downstream; k u、Kd takes 1 or 0,1 representing a power on, 0 representing no power on, S j,Gu、Si,Gd representing the status values of the switching node i to the section between the upstream main power G u and the downstream power G d, respectively; s i,u、Si,d represents the state values of all sections of the upstream portion and the downstream portion, respectively; u g、Dg is the number of power supplies of the upstream portion and the downstream portion, respectively; u s、Ds represents the total number of all sections of the upstream portion and the downstream portion, respectively; pi represents a logical OR operation.
Preferably, verifying the S4 output result comprises replacing the result of S4 with the following formula: the formula rho (x) = [ x (1), x (2), ··x (m) ] T is constructed, wherein m is the number of segments, each row element in rho (x) is the fault state of the corresponding segment, namely the variable x (m) represents the segment state of the segment (m), the values of the variable x (m) are 0 or 1,0 represents that the segment has no fault, and 1 represents that the segment has fault.
Preferably, the evaluation function is:
Where β is a correction coefficient.
Preferably, the suspicious fault section obtained after the switch function is checked is substituted into the evaluation function, and the fault section positioning result under the condition of node information distortion is obtained by solving the evaluation function.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) A clear and fast fault section locating method with relatively complete theoretical support is provided. The method can realize rapid fault section positioning;
2) The method not only can adapt to the traditional radiation type power distribution network, but also can realize accurate fault location for the annular power distribution network with bidirectional flow of power, and can adapt to fault section location of different types of power distribution networks;
3) The method provides a definite processing method for positioning result errors caused by interference of alarm information uploaded by the FTU installed outdoors, and improves the fault tolerance of the matrix algorithm under the condition of information distortion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a topology structure diagram of a distribution ring network constructed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fault section positioning method for a ring-type power distribution network, which is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the method is carried out according to the following steps:
S1, applying knowledge about graph theory, the structure of the power distribution network can be simply described as a relation graph of a plurality of nodes and sections connecting the nodes. The node consists of an isolating switch, a circuit breaker and a sectionalizing switch, and the section consists of a power transmission line connected with the three devices.
S2, compared with a traditional radiation type power distribution network, the power flow direction in the annular power distribution network in the embodiment is complex, and difficulty is added to fault location. For this reason, the current flow direction in the ring-type power distribution network needs to be defined, in this example, the direction in which the network power in the ring-type power distribution network flows from the main power source to each distributed power source or to the branch end (such as the section (21) and the section (25) in fig. 2) is set to be the positive direction, so that the ring-type power distribution network is equivalent to the conventional radiation-type power distribution network, and the first node through which the current flows in the positive direction in each section is defined as the father node, and the rest is the child nodes.
A network description matrix D n×n is established, and n is the number of nodes. The essence of the method is an asymmetric adjacency matrix describing connection relations of all nodes in the annular power distribution network, and in this example, elements of the asymmetric adjacency matrix are defined as follows:
Wherein, i and j are all less than or equal to n, and the forward connection of the father and son nodes indicates that current flows through the father and son nodes in sequence in the forward direction. For a T-junction segment (a segment with three nodes, such as segment (3) of fig. 2), there is one parent node and two child nodes, and the connection relationship between the child nodes is specified to be 0.
S3, establishing a fault information matrix G n uploaded by the node. After the annular distribution network fails, the power flow direction changes. The FTU installed on each node uploads three logic signals of 1,0 and 1 to the distribution master station according to whether fault current is detected and whether the fault current flows in the same direction as the network positive direction.
In this example, each element in the fault information matrix G n is defined as follows:
wherein k is a positive integer not greater than n, and represents the kth element of the fault information matrix G n, the forward fault overcurrent represents the fault current as the positive direction, and the reverse fault overcurrent represents the fault current as the negative direction.
And forming a fault discrimination matrix P according to the established network description matrix D n×n and the fault information matrix G n.
Preferably, the fault discrimination matrix P is as follows;
S4, in order to conveniently locate faults of different sections, the section is divided into a T-joint section, an end section and a common section, the common section is provided with only two nodes, the end section is provided with only one node correspondingly, and the following three fault criteria are provided:
Condition one: for node j, where P ii＝1、Pij =1, there is P jj =0 or-1, where i+.j;
Condition II: for node j of P ii＝-1、Pji =1, there is P jj =0, where i+.j;
And (3) a third condition: for node j of P ii＝0、Pij =1, there is P jj = -1, where i+.j;
Any one of the three conditions is satisfied, and
If the section between the node i and the node j is a common section, the fault occurs in the common section formed by the node i and the node j;
If the section between the node i and the node j is a T-joint section, positioning faults between two child nodes j 1、j2 and a father node of the T-joint section according to any one of three conditions, and if the positioning results are consistent, the faults occur in the T-joint section; because the T-joint section has two sub-nodes, the T-joint section is generally regarded as two common sections to be positioned respectively, but the difference of fault positions can cause the contradiction of the two positioning results, if the positioning results contradict each other and the fault overcurrent information (G k) of all the sub-nodes is not equal to 1, the T-joint section is faulty; otherwise, the T-joint section has no fault;
If the segment where node i is located is an end segment, the end segment fails when P ii＝1,Pij =0 is satisfied, where i+.j.
And analyzing elements in the fault discrimination matrix P by using fault criteria so as to judge the fault section.
S5, constructing a switching function, wherein the function reflects the logic or relation between the FTU expected uploading alarm information and the section state at each node. In the example, a switching function which is shown as a formula (4) and is suitable for bidirectional flow of power in the annular distribution network is adopted;
Wherein the upstream is a part taking the switch node i as a dividing line and containing a main power supply, and the rest part is the downstream; k u、Kd is 1 or 0, which represents the connection situation of the power supply of the upstream and downstream parts, 1 represents the connection of the power supply, and 0 represents the connection of the no power supply; s j,Gu、Si,Gd represents the state values of the switching node i to the section between the upstream main power supply G u and the downstream power supply G d, respectively; s i,u、Si,d represents the state values of all sections of the upstream portion and the downstream portion, respectively; u g、Dg is the number of power supplies of the upstream portion and the downstream portion, respectively; u s、Ds represents the total number of all sections of the upstream portion and the downstream portion, respectively; pi represents a logical OR operation.
Judging whether the G n and the G n' are equal, if so, judging that the actually-transmitted alarm information is correct, and directly outputting the judgment result of the S4; otherwise, taking the matrix elements which are not equal in G n and G n' as suspicious fault sections, and composing the following formula (5);
ρ(x)＝[x(1),x(2),···,x(m)]T (5)
In the formula, m is the number of suspicious sections, each column element in ρ (x) is the fault state of the corresponding section, namely, the variable x (m) represents the section state of the section m, so the values of the variable x (m) are 0 or 1,0 represents that the section has no fault, and 1 represents that the section has fault.
S6, constructing an evaluation function which is shown in the formula (6) and is suitable for the annular power distribution network, wherein the function is a 0-1 integer programming model based on a logic relation,
Where β is a correction factor, and optionally β=0.7.
Substituting the suspicious fault section obtained after the switch function G n' is checked into the formula (6), and obtaining the fault section positioning result under the condition of node information distortion by solving the evaluation function.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) A clear and fast fault section locating method with relatively complete theoretical support is provided. The method can realize rapid fault section positioning;
2) The method not only can adapt to the traditional radiation type power distribution network, but also can realize accurate fault location for the annular power distribution network with bidirectional flow of power, and can adapt to fault section location of different types of power distribution networks;
3) The method provides a definite processing method for positioning result errors caused by interference of alarm information uploaded by the FTU installed outdoors, and improves the fault tolerance of the matrix algorithm under the condition of information distortion.
While the present invention has been described in detail through the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment, it should be understood that the foregoing description is not to be considered as limiting the invention. Many modifications and substitutions of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for locating a fault section of a ring power distribution network, comprising:
S1, describing the structure of a power distribution network as a graph of a plurality of nodes and a connection relation between the nodes by applying a graph theory algorithm;
S2, defining the current flow direction in the power distribution network, wherein a first node through which the current positively flows is a father node, the rest is child nodes, and a network description matrix D n×n is established, and n is the number of nodes;
S3, a fault information matrix G n is established according to the alarm information actually uploaded by the FTU of each node, and a fault judging matrix P is formed according to the network description matrix D n×n and the fault information matrix G n;
S4, dividing the sections between the nodes into a T-joint section, a tail end section and a common section; analyzing elements in the fault discrimination matrix P by using fault criteria so as to locate a fault section;
S5, constructing a switch function G n ', wherein the switch function G n' reflects the logic or relation between the alarm information expected to be uploaded by the FTU at each node and the section state, and n is the number of the nodes; judging whether matrix elements corresponding to G n and G n' are equal, if so, directly outputting the result of S4, otherwise, checking the output result of S4 to obtain a suspicious fault section;
S6, constructing an evaluation function, optimizing the suspicious fault section obtained from the verification result, and outputting a final fault section positioning result according to the optimizing result.
2. The method for locating a faulty section of a ring power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein a direction from a main power supply to each distributed power supply or a branch end in the ring power distribution network is defined as a positive direction.
3. The method for locating a fault section of a ring power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein each element in the network description matrix D n×n is defined as follows:
wherein, i and j are all less than or equal to n, and the forward connection of the father and son nodes indicates that current flows through the father and son nodes in sequence in the forward direction.
4. A method of locating a fault section of a ring power distribution network as claimed in claim 3, wherein the FTU of each node will upload three logic signals "1,0, -1" to the power distribution master station according to whether fault current is detected and whether the fault current flow direction is the same as the network positive direction;
The elements of the fault information matrix G n are defined as follows:
wherein k is a positive integer not greater than n, and represents the kth element of the fault information matrix G n, the forward fault overcurrent represents the fault current as the positive direction, and the reverse fault overcurrent represents the fault current as the negative direction.
5. The method for locating a fault section of a ring power distribution network as claimed in claim 4, wherein each element in the fault discrimination matrix P is of the formula:
6. The method for locating a faulty section of a ring power distribution network according to claim 5, wherein the faulty section is located according to any one of the conditions one to three according to the section division: condition one: for node j, where P ii＝1、Pij =1, there is P jj =0 or-1, where i+.j;
Condition II: for node j of P ii＝-1、Pji =1, there is P jj =0, where i+.j;
And (3) a third condition: for node j of P ii＝0、Pij =1, there is P jj = -1, where i+.j;
Any one of the three conditions is satisfied, and
If the section between the node i and the node j is a common section, the fault occurs in the common section formed by the node i and the node j;
If the section between the node i and the node j is a T-joint section, positioning faults between two child nodes j 1、j2 and a father node of the T-joint section according to any one of three conditions, and if the positioning results are consistent, the faults occur in the T-joint section; if the positioning results are contradictory, and all the sub-node overcurrent information is not equal to 1, the T-junction section fails; otherwise, the T-joint section has no fault;
If the segment where node i is located is an end segment, the end segment fails when P ii＝1,Pij =0 is satisfied, where i+.j.
7. The method for locating a fault section of a ring power distribution network as set forth in claim 6, wherein said switching function is of the formula:
Wherein the upstream is a part taking the switch node i as a dividing line and containing a main power supply, and the rest part is downstream; k u、Kd takes 1 or 0,1 representing a power on, 0 representing no power on, S j,Gu、Si,Gd representing the status values of the switching node i to the section between the upstream main power G u and the downstream power G d, respectively; s i,u、Si,d represents the state values of all sections of the upstream portion and the downstream portion, respectively; u g、Dg is the number of power supplies of the upstream portion and the downstream portion, respectively; u s、Ds represents the total number of all sections of the upstream portion and the downstream portion, respectively; pi represents a logical OR operation.
8. The method for locating a fault section of a ring power distribution network as claimed in claim 7, wherein verifying the S4 output result comprises replacing the S4 result with:
The formula rho (x) = [ x (1) x (2) x (m) ] T is constructed, wherein m is the number of sections, each row element in rho (x) is the fault state of the corresponding section, namely the variable x (m) represents the section state of the section (m), the values of the variable x (m) are 0 or 1,0 represent that the section has no fault, and 1 represents that the section has fault.
9. The method for locating a fault section of a ring power distribution network as claimed in claim 8, wherein constructing the evaluation function is:
Where β is a correction coefficient.
10. The method for locating the fault section of the annular power distribution network according to claim 9, wherein the suspicious fault section obtained after the switch function is verified is substituted into the evaluation function, and the fault section locating result under the condition of node information distortion is obtained by solving the evaluation function.
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