CN114965211B - Device and method for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and stones - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and stones Download PDFInfo
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- CN114965211B CN114965211B CN202210541484.5A CN202210541484A CN114965211B CN 114965211 B CN114965211 B CN 114965211B CN 202210541484 A CN202210541484 A CN 202210541484A CN 114965211 B CN114965211 B CN 114965211B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 244
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and a measuring method for a horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and stones, wherein the measuring device comprises an outer cylinder, a porous inner cylinder is coaxially arranged in the outer cylinder, and an annular groove is arranged between the outer cylinder and the porous inner cylinder; the upper end of the porous inner cylinder is provided with a slidable pressure plate, a porous rigid body pipeline is coaxially arranged below the slidable pressure plate, soil stone samples are arranged among the slidable pressure plate, the porous rigid body pipeline and the porous inner cylinder, and a plurality of water pressure sensors are arranged on the slidable pressure plate; the outer side of the outer cylinder is provided with a plurality of lower ports pointing to the tangent line at the inner side of the annular groove and is internally provided with a vertical water disturbing pipe of the circulating pump. The invention continuously separates and measures the quality of the oozed soil and the oozed water, detects the local hydraulic power ratio drop change and the difference between the local hydraulic power ratio drop and the integral hydraulic power ratio drop caused by the migration of fine particles, obtains the migration condition of the fine particles, provides tools for the measurement of the progressive development process of the seepage damage in the soil body and the mechanism research, and simultaneously measures the horizontal critical hydraulic power ratio drop, the damage hydraulic power ratio drop and the change process of the horizontal permeability coefficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of permeation deformation tests, in particular to a device and a method for measuring a horizontal progressive permeation damage process of soil and stones.
Background
The soil and stone materials are the main materials for building major projects such as soil and stone dams, embankments and the like, and are also the main materials of natural foundations of the embankments; the large scale erosion, movement and loss of fine particles in the earth and stone materials under the action of high hydraulic power ratio drop is the occurrence of infiltration damage, which is the biggest internal risk of the earth and stone dam.
On one hand, the traditional penetration damage research researches that the penetration damage is used as the physical characteristic of a single point, and considers that the soil body starts to generate penetration deformation after the fine particles are started, so that the change, blockage or stop of the migration rate possibly occurring in the migration process after the fine particles are washed out can not be reflected, and the characteristic that the soil body is used as a continuous body to jointly bear the seepage ratio is not reflected; on the other hand, the influence of stress on the seepage damage is not considered, in general, the aperture of the soil body is reduced when the stress is increased, the particle size of the passable particles is reduced, the seepage resistance ratio is improved to some extent, and meanwhile, the seepage resistance ratio of the soil bodies formed by different particle size grading components is different in the improvement change degree under the stress effect; therefore, only if the research on the osmotic damage process is carried out under the action of stress, the space-time development process of the osmotic damage can be accurately grasped.
In addition, the impervious core wall and the dam foundation soil stones in the earth-rock dam are generally under the condition of lateral limit deformation, and have dominant stress and permeability ratio lowering direction combination, namely the vertical stress is large main stress, and the permeability ratio lowering is along the horizontal direction or the near horizontal direction; in addition, the layer formed by soil compaction and deposition is generally in the horizontal direction; while current osmotic failure testers do not take these factors into account.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the progressive horizontal infiltration damage process of soil and stones in the progressive development process of infiltration damage in soil under the action of vertical stress.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, there is provided a device for measuring the progressive osmotic collapse of earth and rock material levels, comprising:
the outer cylinder is coaxially provided with a porous inner cylinder for containing soil and stone samples, and an annular groove for containing water is arranged between the outer cylinder and the porous inner cylinder;
the sliding pressing plate is used for uniformly applying downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone sample, the diameter of the sliding pressing plate is matched with the inner diameter of the porous inner cylinder, a plurality of water pressure sensors are uniformly arranged in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the sliding pressing plate, and a porous rigid pipeline for supplying high-pressure water to the soil and stone sample is coaxially arranged below the sliding pressing plate;
the water body disturbance device is used for drawing water at the upper part of the annular groove and spraying the water to the bottom of the inner side of the annular groove to carry out disturbance, and the soil possibly deposited on the outer side of the porous inner cylinder and the bottom of the annular groove is flushed to the water through hole at the upper part of the first pipeline;
the closed water tank is communicated with the bottom of the annular groove, a tension sensor is arranged at the inner upper end of the closed water tank, and a filter screen is arranged at one end of the tension sensor;
the liquid collecting device is arranged on the weighing device, the upper end of the liquid collecting device is provided with a water head control pipe, and the water head control pipe is communicated with the top of the closed water tank.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme are: the porous rigid pipeline supplies high-pressure water to the soil and stone samples, so that the high-pressure water uniformly infiltrates the soil and stone samples along the radial direction through holes on the porous rigid pipeline, and meanwhile, the slidable pressing plate applies downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone samples; fine particles in the soil and stone sample move, block or run off in the sample under the combined action of the penetration ratio reduction and the vertical stress, part of the particles and water seepage penetrate into the annular groove together through holes on the porous inner cylinder, and flow along a slope to an outlet and enter a closed water tank along with the water flow under the disturbance action of the water body disturbance device, and the seeped water enters the liquid collecting device; at this time, the tension sensor in the closed water tank continuously measures the quality of the oozed soil, the weighing device continuously measures the quality of the oozed water, the water pressure sensor continuously measures the pore water pressure of the soil, a plurality of water pressure sensors are uniformly arranged along the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the slidable pressing plate, the progressive development process of the oozed soil and the oozed water under the action of vertical stress can be measured, the quality of the oozed soil and the oozed water is continuously separated and measured, the local hydraulic gradient change and the difference between the local hydraulic gradient change and the integral hydraulic gradient change caused by the migration process of fine particles in the soil body are ascertained, the migration sequence and the migration distance of the fine particles in the soil body are obtained, a tool is provided for researching the mechanism of the progressive oozed damage, and the horizontal critical hydraulic gradient, the destructive hydraulic gradient and the horizontal osmotic coefficient change process are measured at the same time.
Further, a first slope inclining from the outer cylinder to the porous inner cylinder is circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the annular groove, a second slope is circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the first slope, a water through hole is formed in the lowest position of the second slope, and a first pipeline is arranged between the water through hole and the closed water tank; the first slope and the second slope provide the ramp, make the fine particle move to the limbers under the effect of gravity, be favorable to the collection of fine particle.
Further, the water disturbance device comprises a plurality of water disturbance pipes which are uniformly arranged on the outer cylinder, the upper end and the lower end of each water disturbance pipe are communicated with the annular groove, the water disturbance pipes are provided with circulating water pumps, the outlet ends of the water disturbance pipes point to the tangential direction of the second slope and face to the lower end of the second slope, and therefore fine particles can enter the closed water tank through the water through holes as soon as possible under the disturbance action of water flow.
Further, the slidable pressing plate is arranged at the upper end of the porous inner cylinder, the lower end face of the slidable pressing plate is flush with the lower end face of the water pressure sensor, and the upper end of the slidable pressing plate is vertically provided with a linear driving mechanism and a displacement sensor; the linear driving mechanism controls pressure and drives the slidable pressing plate to move downwards, so that the controllability of vertical stress is realized; the displacement sensor monitors the displacement condition of the slidable pressing plate in real time, so that the vertical deformation of the soil and stone sample can be measured.
Further, the measuring device for the soil and stone horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process further comprises a frame, the bottom of the outer cylinder, one end of the displacement sensor, which is far away from the slidable pressing plate, and one end of the linear driving mechanism, which is far away from the slidable pressing plate, are fixedly arranged on the frame, and the frame is used for installing the outer cylinder, the displacement sensor, the linear driving mechanism and other components and providing an installation space.
Further, the measuring device for the progressive infiltration and destruction process of the soil and stone material horizontally further comprises a high-pressure water supply device, wherein the high-pressure water supply device is communicated with the upper end of the porous rigid pipeline, and the high-pressure water supply device supplies high-pressure water from the upper end of the porous rigid pipeline.
Further, a connector is fixedly arranged on the slidable pressing plate, a second pipeline is arranged between the connector and the high-pressure water supply device, and the connector is communicated with the porous rigid pipeline and the second pipeline, so that high-pressure water provided by the high-pressure water supply device is supplied to the porous rigid pipeline.
Further, a threaded through hole is formed in the slidable pressing plate, and the water pressure sensor is connected in the threaded through hole in a threaded mode, so that the water pressure sensor is screwed into the threaded through hole from the upper portion of the slidable pressing plate after the slidable pressing plate is installed; one end of the water pressure sensor is provided with external threads, the length of the water pressure sensor is larger than the thickness of the slidable pressing plate, and after the water pressure sensor is screwed into the slidable pressing plate, the bottom end (water inlet end) of the water pressure sensor is flush with the bottom surface of the slidable pressing plate.
Further, sealing elements are arranged between the porous rigid pipeline and the slidable pressing plate and between the water pressure sensor and the slidable pressing plate, so that leakage between the porous rigid pipeline and the slidable pressing plate and between the water pressure sensor and the slidable pressing plate is avoided.
In a second aspect, a method for measuring a progressive osmotic failure process of a soil and rock material level is provided, comprising the steps of:
s1: filling soil and stone samples into the porous inner cylinder according to set density, and compacting the soil and stone samples by layered dynamic force; drilling holes along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the porous rigid pipeline, inserting the porous rigid pipeline into soil and stone samples, connecting the porous rigid pipeline with a slidable pressing plate, and reserving a gap at the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline;
s2: placing the highest point of an inner hole of a bevel at the top of the water head control pipe on the same elevation as the top surface of the soil and stone sample; filling water into the annular groove, filling water into the water head control pipe after filling water into the closed water tank, and suspending water adding until the water head control pipe flows out of water; in the process of gradually saturating water absorption of the soil and stone sample, the position of the water head control pipe is kept unchanged, water in the annular groove is continuously replenished until the soil and stone sample is saturated, the water level in the annular groove is not lowered any more, and the highest point of the water in the annular groove is kept flush with the highest point of an inner hole at the top of the water head control pipe;
s3: installing a linear driving mechanism and a displacement sensor; starting a linear driving mechanism to downwards press the slidable pressing plate, and applying downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone sample through the slidable pressing plate; meanwhile, a high-pressure water supply device and a circulating water pump are started, and the high-pressure water supply device supplies high-pressure water into the porous rigid pipeline, so that the high-pressure water flows into soil and stone samples through holes in the porous rigid pipeline; the circulating water pump is used for disturbing the water body in the annular groove through the water body disturbing pipe, so that water and fine particles which permeate into the annular groove flow to the water through holes along the first slope and the second slope, the water and the fine particles enter the closed water tank through the first pipeline, and redundant water flows into the water head control pipe;
s4: the tension sensor continuously measures the floating weight of the oozed soil, the weighing device continuously measures the quality of the oozed water, and the water pressure sensors continuously measure the pore water pressure of the soil at different radial positions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a measuring device for the horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of earth and stones;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the slidable platen of the present solution;
wherein, 1, soil and stone sample, 2, displacement sensor, 3, linear driving mechanism, 4, frame, 5, high-pressure water supply device, 6, second pipeline, 7, connector, 8, water pressure sensor, 9, outer cylinder, 10, slidable pressing plate, 11, water disturbing pipe, 12, circulating water pump, 13, annular groove, 14, a first slope, 15, a porous rigid pipeline, 16, a gap, 17, a first pipeline, 18, a tension sensor, 19, a filter screen, 20, a closed water tank, 21, a water head control pipe, 22, a weighing device, 23, a liquid collecting device, 24, a porous inner cylinder, 25, a second slope, 26 and a water through hole.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the present solution provides a measuring device for a progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and stone levels, which includes:
the outer cylinder 9 is coaxially provided with a porous inner cylinder 24, an annular groove 13 is arranged between the inner cylinder 24 and the porous inner cylinder, water is filled in the annular groove 13, and the height of the water is fixed;
the sliding pressing plate 10 is arranged at the upper end of the porous inner cylinder 24 in a sliding manner, the diameter of the sliding pressing plate is matched with the inner diameter of the porous inner cylinder 24, a porous rigid pipeline 15 is arranged at the lower part of the sliding pressing plate along the axis, a soil and stone sample 1 is arranged between the porous rigid pipeline 15 and the porous inner cylinder 24, a plurality of water pressure sensors 8 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the sliding pressing plate along the radial direction and the circumferential direction, the lower end face of the sliding pressing plate is level with the lower end face of the water pressure sensor 8, and a linear driving mechanism 3 and a displacement sensor 2 are vertically arranged at the upper end of the sliding pressing plate; wherein, the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline 15 is not blocked, and the linear driving mechanism 3 can adopt a jack;
a high pressure water supply device 5 which communicates with the upper end of the porous rigid pipe 15, which may employ a booster pump;
eight water disturbing pipes 11 which are uniformly arranged on the outer cylinder 9, two ends of which are respectively communicated with the upper end and the lower end of water in the annular groove 13, and a circulating water pump 12 is arranged on the eight water disturbing pipes;
a closed water tank 20 which is communicated with the bottom of the annular groove 13 and the bottom of the water head control pipe 21, wherein a tension sensor 18 is arranged at the inner upper end of the closed water tank, and a cylindrical filter screen 19 is arranged at the output end of the tension sensor 18;
the liquid collecting device 23 is provided with a weighing device 22 at its lower end and a water head control tube 21 at its upper end, the water head control tube 21 communicating with the top of the closed water tank 20.
The high-pressure water supply device 5 pumps high-pressure water into the porous rigid pipeline 15, so that the high-pressure water uniformly penetrates into the soil and stone samples 1 along the radial direction around through holes in the porous rigid pipeline 15, and meanwhile, the linear driving mechanism 3 enables the slidable pressing plate 10 to move downwards, so that vertical stress is applied through the slidable pressing plate 10; fine particles in the soil and stone sample 1 move in the soil sample under the combined action of the penetration ratio drop and the vertical stress, part of the fine particles penetrate into the annular groove 13 through holes on the porous inner cylinder 24, and enter the closed water tank 20 along with water flow under the scouring action of the water disturbing pipe 11, and the rest of the water enters the liquid collecting device 23; at this time, the tension sensor 18 in the closed water tank 20 continuously measures the quality of the oozed soil, the weighing device 22 continuously measures the quality of the oozed water, and the quality of the oozed soil and the oozed water are continuously separated and measured; the water pressure sensors 8 continuously measure pore water pressure of the soil, the water pressure sensors 8 are uniformly arranged along the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the slidable pressing plate 10, the gradual development process of the seepage damage in the soil body under the action of vertical stress can be measured, the local hydraulic specific drop change and the difference with the integral hydraulic specific drop caused by the migration process of fine particles in the soil body are ascertained, the migration sequence and the migration distance of the fine particles in the soil body are obtained, tools are provided for researching the gradual seepage damage mechanism, and the horizontal critical hydraulic specific drop, the damage hydraulic specific drop and the change process of the horizontal seepage coefficient are measured at the same time.
The linear driving mechanism 3 controls the pressure and drives the slidable pressing plate 10 to move downwards, so that the controllability of the vertical stress is realized; the displacement sensor 2 monitors the displacement condition of the slidable pressing plate 10 in real time, so that the vertical deformation of the soil and stone sample can be measured.
The seepage hydraulic power ratio falling direction of the soil and stone sample 1 is a horizontal direction, the magnitude of the seepage hydraulic power ratio falling direction is controlled by the pressure water head in the porous rigid pipeline 15, and the magnitude is equal to the difference value of the pressure water head at the top of the porous rigid pipeline 15 divided by the radius of the soil and stone sample 1 and the radius of the porous rigid pipeline 15; the soil and rock material sample 1 is subjected to a vertical stress equal to the pressure generated by the linear drive mechanism 3 divided by the area of the slidable platen 10.
In implementation, the bottom of the annular groove 13 is preferably provided with a first slope 14 with a lower inner part and a higher outer part, the bottom of the first slope 14 is circumferentially provided with two semicircular second slopes 25, the lowest parts of the two second slopes 25 are intersected, the lowest part of the second slope 25 is provided with a water through hole 26, a first pipeline 17 is arranged between the water through hole 26 and the closed water tank 20, and the first pipeline 17 is communicated with the closed water tank 20; the first slope 14 and the second slope 25 provide slopes to enable fine particles to move towards the water through holes 26 under the action of gravity, so that collection of the fine particles is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 2, the water flow direction in the water disturbing pipe 11 is from top to bottom, and the outlet end of the water disturbing pipe 11 faces to the lower end of the second slope 25, so that the fine particles on the first slope 14 or the second slope 25 are washed, the transport efficiency of the fine particles is improved, and the fine particles can enter the closed water tank 20 through the water through holes 26 as soon as possible.
In design, one end of the first pipeline 17 preferably passes through the closed water tank 20 and is positioned in the cylindrical filter screen 19, so that fine particles are prevented from entering a space between the closed water tank 20 and the cylindrical filter screen 19, and the measurement accuracy of the quality of the oozed soil is ensured.
When the scheme is implemented, the measuring device for the soil and rock horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process preferably further comprises a frame 4, wherein the bottom of the outer cylinder 9, one end of the displacement sensor 2 far away from the slidable pressing plate 10 and one end of the linear driving mechanism 3 far away from the slidable pressing plate 10 are fixedly arranged on the frame 4, and the frame 4 is used for installing the outer cylinder 9, the displacement sensor 2, the linear driving mechanism 3 and other components and providing an installation space; the frame 4 is provided with mounting holes at the lower end of the water passage holes 26 for mounting the first pipes 17.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a threaded through hole is provided in the slidable platen 10, and the water pressure sensor 8 is screwed into the threaded through hole, so that the water pressure sensor 8 is screwed into the threaded through hole from the upper portion of the slidable platen 10 after the slidable platen 10 is mounted.
In design, the one end of the water pressure sensor 8 is preferably provided with external threads, and the length of the water pressure sensor is greater than the thickness of the slidable pressing plate 10, so that the water pressure sensor 8 can be completely screwed into the slidable pressing plate 10.
In practice, the slidable pressing plate 10 is preferably fixedly provided with a connector 7, a second pipeline 6 is arranged between the connector 7 and the high-pressure water supply device 5, and the connector 7 is communicated with the porous rigid pipeline 15 and the second pipeline 6, so that high-pressure water supplied by the high-pressure water supply device 5 is supplied to the porous rigid pipeline 15.
In one embodiment of the invention, a gap 16 is arranged in the soil and stone sample 1, the gap 16 is positioned at the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline 15, and the size of the gap 16 is larger than that of the porous rigid pipeline 15; the gap 16 provides a displacement space for the downward movement of the porous rigid tube 15, ensuring that the porous rigid tube 15 can move downward smoothly.
In design, the sealing elements are preferably arranged between the porous rigid pipeline 15 and the slidable pressing plate 10 and between the water pressure sensor 8 and the slidable pressing plate 10, so that leakage between the porous rigid pipeline 15 and the slidable pressing plate 10 and between the water pressure sensor 8 and the slidable pressing plate 10 is avoided.
The scheme also provides a measuring method of the progressive infiltration destruction process of the soil and stone level, which comprises the following steps:
s1: filling soil and stone samples 1 according to a set density into the porous inner cylinder 24, and compacting the soil and stone samples 1 by layered power; drilling holes along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the porous rigid pipeline 15, inserting the porous rigid pipeline 15 into the soil stone sample 1, connecting the porous rigid pipeline 15 with the slidable pressing plate 10, and reserving a gap 16 at the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline 15;
s2: placing the highest point of an inner hole of the folded angle at the top of the water head control pipe 21 on the same elevation as the top surface of the soil and stone sample 1; filling water into the annular groove 13, filling water into the water head control pipe 21 after filling water into the closed water tank 20, and stopping water adding until the water head control pipe 21 flows out; in the process of gradually saturating the water absorption of the soil and stone sample 1, the position of the water head control pipe 21 is kept unchanged, water in the annular groove 13 is continuously replenished until the soil and stone sample 1 is saturated in water absorption, the water level in the annular groove is not reduced any more, and the highest point of the water in the annular groove 13 is kept flush with the highest point of the inner hole at the top of the water head control pipe 21;
s3: a linear driving mechanism 3 and a displacement sensor 2 are arranged; starting the linear driving mechanism 3 to downwards press the slidable pressing plate 10, and applying downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone sample 1 through the slidable pressing plate 10; simultaneously, starting the high-pressure water supply device 5 and the circulating water pump 12, wherein the high-pressure water supply device 5 supplies high-pressure water into the porous rigid pipeline 15, so that the high-pressure water flows into the soil and stone sample 1 through the holes on the porous rigid pipeline 15; the circulating water pump 12 disturbs the water body in the annular groove 13 through the water body disturbing pipe 11, so that water and fine particles which permeate into the annular groove 13 flow to the water through holes 26 along the first slope 14 and the second slope 25, the water and the fine particles enter the closed water tank 20 through the first pipeline 17, and the redundant water flows into the water head control pipe 21;
s4: the tension sensor 18 continuously measures the float weight of the oozed out soil, the weighing device 22 continuously measures the mass of the oozed out water, and the water pressure sensors 8 continuously measure the pore water pressure of the soil at different radial positions.
Claims (5)
1. A device for measuring the progressive horizontal osmotic destruction of earth and rock, comprising:
an outer cylinder (9) in which a porous inner cylinder (24) for containing soil and stone samples (1) is coaxially arranged, and an annular groove (13) for containing water is arranged between the porous inner cylinder (24);
the sliding pressing plate (10) is used for uniformly applying downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone sample (1), the diameter of the sliding pressing plate is matched with the inner diameter of the porous inner cylinder (24), a plurality of water pressure sensors (8) are uniformly arranged in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the sliding pressing plate, and a porous rigid pipeline (15) for supplying high-pressure water into the soil and stone sample (1) is coaxially arranged below the sliding pressing plate;
the water body disturbance device is used for sucking water at the upper part of the annular groove (13) and spraying the water to the bottom of the inner side of the annular groove (13) to carry out disturbance;
the closed water tank (20) is communicated with the bottom of the annular groove (13), a tension sensor (18) is arranged at the inner upper end of the closed water tank, and a filter screen (19) is arranged at one end of the tension sensor (18);
the liquid collecting device (23) is arranged on the weighing device (22), the upper end of the liquid collecting device is provided with a water head control pipe (21), the water head control pipe (21) is communicated with the top of the closed water tank (20), and the highest point of water in the annular groove (13) is flush with the highest point of an inner hole at the top of the water head control pipe (21);
a first slope (14) inclining from the outer cylinder (9) to the porous inner cylinder (24) is circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the annular groove (13), a second slope (25) is circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the first slope (14), a water through hole (26) is formed in the lowest position of the second slope (25), and a first pipeline (17) is arranged between the water through hole (26) and the closed water tank (20);
the water disturbance device comprises a plurality of water disturbance pipes (11) which are uniformly arranged on the outer cylinder (9), wherein the upper end and the lower end of each water disturbance pipe (11) are communicated with the annular groove (13), the water disturbance pipe (11) is provided with a circulating water pump (12), and the outlet end of each water disturbance pipe (11) points to the tangential direction of the second slope (25) and faces to the lower end of the second slope (25);
a gap (16) is arranged in the soil and stone sample, the gap (16) is positioned at the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline, and the size of the gap (16) is larger than that of the porous rigid pipeline (15);
the sliding pressing plate (10) is arranged at the upper end of the porous inner cylinder (24), the lower end face of the sliding pressing plate (10) is flush with the lower end face of the water pressure sensor (8), and the upper end of the sliding pressing plate (10) is vertically provided with a linear driving mechanism (3) and a displacement sensor (2);
the measuring device further comprises a high-pressure water supply device (5), and the high-pressure water supply device (5) is communicated with the upper end of the porous rigid pipeline (15);
the method for measuring the progressive infiltration destruction process of the soil and stone horizontal direction comprises the following steps:
s1: filling soil and stone samples (1) into the porous inner cylinder (24) according to a set density, and compacting the soil and stone samples (1) by layered power; drilling holes along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the porous rigid pipeline (15), inserting the porous rigid pipeline (15) into the soil and stone sample (1), connecting the porous rigid pipeline (15) with the slidable pressing plate (10), and reserving a gap (16) at the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline (15);
s2: placing the highest point of an inner hole of a folded angle at the top of a water head control pipe (21) on the same elevation as the top surface of the soil and stone sample (1); filling water into the annular groove (13), filling water into the water head control pipe (21) after filling water into the closed water tank (20), and stopping water adding until the water head control pipe (21) flows out of water; in the process of gradually saturating water absorption of the soil and stone sample (1), the position of the water head control pipe (21) is kept unchanged, water in the annular groove (13) is continuously replenished until the water absorption of the soil and stone sample (1) is saturated, the water level in the annular groove (13) is not lowered, and the highest point of the water in the annular groove (13) is continuously kept to be flush with the highest point of an inner hole at the top of the water head control pipe (21);
s3: a linear driving mechanism (3) and a displacement sensor (2) are arranged; starting a linear driving mechanism (3) to downwards press a slidable pressing plate (10), and applying downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone sample (1) through the slidable pressing plate (10); simultaneously, a high-pressure water supply device (5) and a circulating water pump (12) are started, and the high-pressure water supply device (5) supplies high-pressure water into a porous rigid pipeline (15) so that the high-pressure water flows into the soil and stone samples (1) through holes in the porous rigid pipeline (15); the circulating water pump (12) is used for disturbing the water body in the annular groove (13) through the water body disturbing pipe (11) so that water and fine particles which permeate into the annular groove (13) flow to the water through holes (26) along the first slope (14) and the second slope (25), and enter the closed water tank (20) through the first pipeline (17), and the redundant water flows into the water head control pipe (21);
s4: the tension sensor (18) continuously measures the floating weight of the oozed soil, the weighing device (22) continuously measures the quality of the oozed water, and the water pressure sensors (8) continuously measure the pore water pressure of the soil at different radial positions.
2. The device for measuring the horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and stone according to claim 1, further comprising a frame (4), wherein the bottom of the outer cylinder (9), one end of the displacement sensor (2) far away from the slidable pressing plate (10), and one end of the linear driving mechanism (3) far away from the slidable pressing plate (10) are fixedly arranged on the frame (4).
3. The device for measuring the progressive horizontal infiltration destruction process of earth and stones according to claim 1, characterized in that a connector (7) is fixedly arranged on the slidable pressing plate (10), a second pipeline (6) is arranged between the connector (7) and the high-pressure water supply device (5), and the connector (7) is communicated with the porous rigid pipeline (15) and the second pipeline (6).
4. The device for measuring the progressive horizontal infiltration destruction process of earth and rock materials according to claim 1, characterized in that a threaded through hole is provided in the slidable pressure plate (10), the water pressure sensor (8) being screwed in the threaded through hole; one end of the water pressure sensor (8) is provided with external threads, and the length of the water pressure sensor (8) is greater than the thickness of the slidable pressing plate (10).
5. The device for measuring the progressive horizontal infiltration destruction process of earth and stones according to claim 1, characterized in that seals are provided between the porous rigid tube (15) and the slidable platen (10) and between the water pressure sensor (8) and the slidable platen (10).
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