CN114964581A - Stress detection method based on ultrasonic phased array focusing principle - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stress detection method based on an ultrasonic phased array focusing principle, which belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection and comprises the following steps: s1, assembling an ultrasonic detection system; s2, calculating the delay time tn of the transmitting ultrasonic wave of the nth array element in the unstressed state by utilizing a beam focusing delay rule; s3, calibrating the acoustic elastic coefficient; s4, calculating the ultrasonic propagation velocity v in the stress state according to the matrix model obtained in the step 2, deducing the propagation model of the ultrasonic phased array in the uniform stress field, and calculating and solving the average stress sigma. The method is applied to stress ultrasonic detection of the piece to be detected, and qualitative and quantitative detection is carried out on the internal stress of the piece to be detected based on beam focusing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, in particular to a stress testing method based on an ultrasonic phased array focusing principle.
Background
The ultrasonic phased array adopts an ultrasonic transducer with a plurality of array elements, and the deflection and the focusing of sound beams in a sound field are realized by controlling the time difference of transmitting ultrasonic waves by each array element. Compared with an ultrasonic detection system of a single array element transducer, the ultrasonic detection system has higher positioning precision and higher efficiency, and can better avoid the phenomena of missing detection and false detection.
The existence of residual stress has a great influence on the performance of the part and the manufacturing process, and the strength and the stability of the part are reduced. The residual stress is an important factor influencing the service life of parts, so the detection and evaluation of the residual stress are widely concerned, and most of the existing methods measure the stress in a single direction, namely the direction perpendicular to the ultrasonic propagation direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stress detection method based on an ultrasonic phased array focusing principle, and aims to solve the problem that most of the existing methods proposed in the background art measure the stress in a single direction, namely the direction perpendicular to the ultrasonic propagation direction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a stress detection method based on an ultrasonic phased array focusing principle comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling an ultrasonic detection system:
the ultrasonic detection system comprises an ultrasonic regulation and control system I, an ultrasonic phased array probe II, a stress application platform III, an oscilloscope IV, a strain acquisition system V and a computer VI;
assembling a stress applying platform III: the stress applying platform III comprises a working platform 1, a control center, a first hydraulic machine, a strain gauge, a test piece and a second hydraulic machine, the working platform is connected with the control center, the second hydraulic machine and the first hydraulic machine are fixed on the working platform and connected with the test piece, the strain gauge is adhered to the test piece, and the assembly of the stress applying platform III is completed;
assembling an ultrasonic detection system: connecting an ultrasonic regulation and control system I with an ultrasonic phased array probe II through a BNC connecting line, connecting an oscilloscope IV with the ultrasonic regulation and control system I to display an ultrasonic signal on the oscilloscope IV, and connecting the oscilloscope IV with a strain acquisition system V after the strain acquisition system V is connected with a strain gauge; finally, respectively connecting the ultrasonic regulation and control system I, the oscilloscope IV and the strain acquisition system V to a computer VI;
S2、calculating the delay time t of the n array element transmitting ultrasonic wave under the stress-free state n ：
Selecting a phased array probe with 16 array elements, assuming that the A point has defects, realizing the dynamic focusing of the synthetic aperture of the ultrasonic phased array probe by using a beam focusing delay rule, and determining the delay time t of the nth array element according to the coordinates of each imaging focus point in an imaging area n Forming a dynamic focusing database;
solving for t from formula (a) n Namely:
delay time t for the first array element 1 When n is 0, n is 1, and formula (b) is substituted to obtain:
substituting equation (c) into equation (b) can obtain the delay time of the nth array element compared with 1 st array element:
obtaining matrix data:
s3, calibrating the acoustic elastic coefficient:
adjusting a control center in the stress applying platform to enable the first hydraulic press to apply tensile stress F to the test piece, enabling the stress direction to be vertical to the ultrasonic propagation direction, adjusting the control center to enable the F to be sequentially increased in size, and meanwhile collecting waveform data on the oscilloscope;
adjusting a control center in the stress applying platform to enable the hydraulic press to apply tensile stress F to the test piece, enabling the stress direction to be parallel to the ultrasonic propagation direction, adjusting the control center to enable the F to be sequentially increased in an increasing mode, and meanwhile collecting waveform data on the oscilloscope;
performing cross-correlation processing on the echo signals under zero stress to obtain corresponding acoustic time difference delta t, calculating stress difference delta sigma according to data obtained by a strain acquisition system, and calculating to obtain an acoustic elastic coefficient k which is delta sigma/delta t;
s4, deducing a propagation model of the ultrasonic phased array in the uniform stress field, and calculating to obtain an average stress sigma:
adjusting a control center 2 in the stress application platform III to enable the first hydraulic machine 3 or the second hydraulic machine 6 to give a tensile stress F to the test piece 5, performing cross-correlation processing on waveform data acquired by the computer VI, and calculating the delay time t of each array element for transmitting ultrasonic waves n Let t be n Substituting equation (d) can obtain the average speed v of ultrasonic propagation in the presence of stress field, where v is f (t) n )(h)；
In the known manner, it is known that,
then the stress sigma needs to be resolved when there is a stress sigma neither perpendicular nor parallel to the ultrasound propagation direction, as shown in fig. 3, where the geometric relationship can be used to derive sigma 1 ＝σsinα，σ 2 ＝σcosα；
Then
Due to k 1 ·k 2 1, then
The average stress can be calculated by substituting formula (h) for formula (i)Value of
Preferably, in the formula (a), S represents the distance from the defect a to the center of the array element, θ represents the included angle between the connecting line of the defect and the center point of the array element and the normal quality safety supervision, n represents the ith array element, d represents the distance between the centers of the adjacent array elements, and t represents n The delay time of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the ith array element is shown, t is a constant value convenient for calculation and setting, and v is shown 0 Ultrasonic propagation velocity in the unstressed state.
Preferably, in the formulae (f) and (g), v 1 Denotes the ultrasonic propagation velocity, v, when the stress direction is perpendicular to the ultrasonic propagation direction 2 Denotes the ultrasonic propagation velocity, v, when the stress direction is parallel to the ultrasonic propagation direction 0 Representing the ultrasonic propagation velocity in the unstressed state, σ 1 Representing stress, σ, perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the ultrasound 2 Representing stress, k, parallel to the direction of propagation of the ultrasound 1 Denotes the coefficient of acoustic elasticity, k, of stress perpendicular to the direction of propagation of ultrasound 2 Representing the acoustic elastic coefficient when the stress is perpendicular to the ultrasound propagation direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention decomposes the stress in any direction, converts the stress into the stress vertical to and parallel to the ultrasonic propagation direction and solves the stress, so that the measurement of the stress is more accurate, and the invention combines the ultrasonic phased array to solve the stress, so that the detection efficiency is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic phased array stress detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the phased array focusing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of stress decomposition according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a working platform; 2. a control center; 3. a first hydraulic press; 4. a strain gauge; 5. a test piece; 6. a second hydraulic press; I. an ultrasonic regulation system; II. An ultrasonic phased array probe; III, a stress applying platform; IV, an oscilloscope; v, a strain acquisition system; VI, and a computer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a stress detection method based on an ultrasonic phased array focusing principle comprises an ultrasonic detection system, a working platform 1, a control center 2, a first hydraulic press 3, a strain gauge 4, a test piece 5 and a second hydraulic press 6, wherein the ultrasonic detection system comprises an ultrasonic regulation and control system I, an ultrasonic phased array probe II, a stress applying platform III, an oscilloscope IV, a strain acquisition system V and a computer VI, and the stress detection method further comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling an ultrasonic detection system: assembling a stress applying platform III: the working platform 1 is connected with the control center 2, the first hydraulic machine 3 and the second hydraulic machine 6 are fixed on the working platform 1 and connected with the test piece 5, the strain gauge 4 is pasted on the test piece 5, the assembly of the stress applying platform is completed, the ultrasonic regulating system I and the ultrasonic phased array probe II are connected through a BNC connecting line, the oscilloscope IV is connected with the ultrasonic regulating system I so that an ultrasonic signal is displayed on the oscilloscope IV, and the oscilloscope IV is connected with the strain acquisition system V after the strain acquisition system V is connected with the strain gauge 4; finally, respectively connecting the ultrasonic regulation and control system I, the oscilloscope IV and the strain acquisition system V to a computer VI;
s2, calculating the delay time t of the n array element transmitting ultrasonic wave under the stress-free state n ：
Selecting a phased array probe with 16 array elements, assuming that the A point has defects, realizing the dynamic focusing of the synthetic aperture of the ultrasonic phased array probe by using a beam focusing delay rule, and determining the delay time t of the nth array element according to the coordinates of each imaging focus point in an imaging area n Forming dynamic focus dataA library;
from the geometrical relationships in fig. 2, one can see:
solving for t from formula (a) n Namely:
delay time t for the first array element 1 When n is 0, n is 1, and formula (b) is substituted to obtain:
substituting equation (c) into equation (b) can obtain the delay time of the nth array element compared with 1 st array element:
obtaining matrix data:
s3, calibrating the acoustic elastic coefficient:
adjusting a control center 2 in the stress applying platform III to enable a first hydraulic machine 3 to apply tensile stress F to the test piece 5, enabling the stress direction to be vertical to the ultrasonic propagation direction, adjusting the control center 2 to enable the F to be sequentially increased in size, and meanwhile collecting waveform data on an oscilloscope IV;
adjusting a control center 2 in the stress applying platform III to enable a second hydraulic machine 6 to apply tensile stress F to the test piece 5, enabling the stress direction to be parallel to the ultrasonic propagation direction, adjusting the control center 2 to enable the F to be sequentially increased in an increasing mode, and meanwhile collecting waveform data on an oscilloscope IV;
carrying out cross-correlation processing on the echo signals under zero stress to obtain corresponding acoustic time difference Deltat, calculating stress difference DeltaSigma according to data obtained by a strain acquisition system (V), and calculating to obtain an acoustic elastic coefficient k which is DeltaSigma/Deltat;
s4, deducing a propagation model of the ultrasonic phased array in a uniform stress field, and calculating to obtain an average stress sigma:
adjusting a control center 2 in the stress application platform III to enable the first hydraulic machine 3 or the second hydraulic machine 6 to give a tensile stress F to the test piece 5, performing cross-correlation processing on waveform data acquired by the computer VI, and calculating the delay time t of each array element for transmitting ultrasonic waves n Will t n Substituting equation (d) can obtain the average speed v of ultrasonic propagation in the presence of stress field, where v is f (t) n )(h)；
In the known manner, it is known that,
then the stress sigma needs to be resolved when there is a stress sigma neither perpendicular nor parallel to the ultrasound propagation direction, as shown in fig. 3, where the geometric relationship can be used to derive sigma 1 ＝σsinα，σ 2 ＝σcosα；
Then
Due to k 1 ·k 2 1, then
The average stress value can be calculated by substituting the formula (h) into the formula (i)
In the formula (a), S represents the distance from the defect A to the center of the array element, theta represents the included angle between the connection line of the defect and the center point of the array element and the normal quality safety supervision, and n represents the ith array elementElement, d represents the spacing between the centers of adjacent array elements, t n The delay time of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the ith array element is shown, t is a constant value convenient for calculation and setting, and v is shown 0 The propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the unstressed state.
In the formulae (f) and (g), v 1 Denotes the ultrasonic propagation velocity, v, when the stress direction is perpendicular to the ultrasonic propagation direction 2 Denotes the ultrasonic propagation velocity, v, when the stress direction is parallel to the ultrasonic propagation direction 0 Representing the ultrasonic propagation velocity in the unstressed state, σ 1 Representing stress, σ, perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the ultrasound 2 Representing stress, k, parallel to the direction of propagation of the ultrasound 1 Denotes the coefficient of acoustic elasticity, k, of stress perpendicular to the direction of propagation of ultrasound 2 The acoustic elastic coefficient when the stress is perpendicular to the ultrasonic propagation direction is expressed.
In summary, the following steps: the invention decomposes the stress in any direction, converts the stress into the stress perpendicular to and parallel to the ultrasonic propagation direction and solves the stress, so that the measurement of the stress is more accurate, and the invention combines the ultrasonic phased array to solve the stress, so that the detection efficiency is higher.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A stress detection method based on an ultrasonic phased array focusing principle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, assembling an ultrasonic detection system:
the ultrasonic detection system comprises an ultrasonic regulation and control system (I), an ultrasonic phased array probe (II), a stress application platform (III), an oscilloscope (IV), a strain acquisition system (V) and a computer (VI);
assembling stress applying platform (III): the stress applying platform (III) comprises a working platform (1), a control center (2), a first hydraulic machine (3), a strain gauge (4), a test piece (5) and a second hydraulic machine (6), wherein the working platform (1) is connected with the control center (2), the hydraulic machine (3) and the second hydraulic machine (6) are fixed on the working platform and connected with the test piece (5), the strain gauge (4) is adhered to the test piece (5), and the stress applying platform (III) is assembled;
assembling an ultrasonic detection system: connecting an ultrasonic regulation and control system (I) with an ultrasonic phased array probe (II) through a BNC connecting line, connecting an oscilloscope (IV) with the ultrasonic regulation and control system (I) to display an ultrasonic signal on the oscilloscope (IV), and connecting the oscilloscope (IV) with a strain acquisition system (V) after the strain acquisition system (V) is connected with a strain gauge (4); finally, respectively connecting the ultrasonic regulation and control system (I), the oscilloscope (IV) and the strain acquisition system (V) to a computer (VI);
s2, calculating the delay time t of the n array element transmitting ultrasonic wave under the stress-free state n ：
Selecting a phased array probe with 16 array elements, assuming that the A point has defects, realizing the dynamic focusing of the synthetic aperture of the ultrasonic phased array probe by using a beam focusing delay rule, and determining the delay time t of the nth array element according to the coordinates of each imaging focus point in an imaging area n Forming a dynamic focusing database;
solving for t from formula (a) n Namely:
delay time t for the first array element 1 When n is 0, n is 1, and formula (b) is substituted to obtain:
substituting equation (c) into equation (b) can obtain the delay time of the nth array element compared with 1 st array element:
obtaining matrix data:
s3, calibrating the acoustic elastic coefficient:
adjusting a control center (2) in the stress applying platform (III) to enable a first hydraulic machine (3) to give a tensile stress F to the test piece (5) to enable the stress direction to be vertical to the ultrasonic propagation direction, adjusting the control center (2) to enable the F to be sequentially increased in number, and meanwhile collecting waveform data on an oscilloscope (IV);
adjusting a control center (2) in the stress applying platform (III) to enable a second hydraulic machine (6) to apply tensile stress F to the test piece (5) to enable the stress direction to be parallel to the ultrasonic propagation direction, adjusting the control center (2) to enable the F to be sequentially increased in number, and meanwhile collecting waveform data on the oscilloscope (IV);
carrying out cross-correlation processing on the echo signals under zero stress to obtain corresponding acoustic time difference Deltat, calculating stress difference DeltaSigma according to data obtained by a strain acquisition system (V), and calculating to obtain an acoustic elastic coefficient k which is DeltaSigma/Deltat;
s4, deducing a propagation model of the ultrasonic phased array in the uniform stress field, and calculating to obtain an average stress sigma:
adjusting a control center 2 in the stress application platform III to enable the first hydraulic machine 3 or the second hydraulic machine 6 to give a tensile stress F to the test piece 5, performing cross-correlation processing on waveform data acquired by the computer VI, and calculating the delay time t of each array element for transmitting ultrasonic waves n Will t n Substituting equation (d) can obtain the average speed v of ultrasonic propagation in the presence of stress field, where v is f (t) n )(h)；
In the known manner, it is known that,
when a stress sigma exists, which is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the ultrasonic propagation direction, the stress sigma needs to be decomposed, and the geometric relationship in the graph can obtain the sigma 1 ＝σsinα，σ 2 ＝σcosα；
Then
Due to k 1 ·k 2 1, then
The average stress value can be calculated by substituting the formula (h) into the formula (i)
2. The stress detection method based on the ultrasonic phased array focusing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the formula (a), S represents the distance from the defect A to the center of the array element, theta represents the included angle between the connecting line of the defect and the center point of the array element and the normal quality safety supervision, n represents the ith array element, d represents the distance between the centers of the adjacent array elements, and t n The delay time of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the ith array element is shown, t is a constant value convenient for calculation and setting, and v is shown 0 The propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the unstressed state.
3. The stress detection method based on the ultrasonic phased array focusing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the formulae (f) and (g), v 1 Denotes the ultrasonic propagation velocity, v, when the stress direction is perpendicular to the ultrasonic propagation direction 2 Denotes the ultrasonic propagation velocity, v, when the stress direction is parallel to the ultrasonic propagation direction 0 Representing the ultrasonic propagation velocity in the unstressed state, σ 1 Representing stress, σ, perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the ultrasound 2 Representing stress, k, parallel to the direction of propagation of the ultrasound 1 Denotes the coefficient of acoustic elasticity, k, of stress perpendicular to the direction of propagation of ultrasound 2 Representing the acoustic elastic coefficient when the stress is perpendicular to the ultrasound propagation direction.
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