CN114963874A - 一种复合防弹插板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合防弹插板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114963874A
CN114963874A CN202210652659.XA CN202210652659A CN114963874A CN 114963874 A CN114963874 A CN 114963874A CN 202210652659 A CN202210652659 A CN 202210652659A CN 114963874 A CN114963874 A CN 114963874A
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layer
fiber layer
carbide ceramic
silicon carbide
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CN114963874B (zh
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刘彬
沈峰
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Tianjin Kemke New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及防弹插板技术领域，尤其涉及了一种复合防弹插板及其制备方法，包括钢板和外层，所述外层设置于钢板的外表面，所述钢板的顶部连接有混合纤维层，所述钢板的底部连接有碳化硅陶瓷，所述碳化硅陶瓷和混合纤维层远离钢板的一侧连接有高性能纤维，混合纤维层采用碳纤维和玄武岩纤维中的一种或两种与UHMWPE纤维混杂编织而成，高性能纤维具体为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维、PBO纤维中的一种或多种。该复合防弹插板及其制备方法，在提升防弹插板的防护性能的同时，能够带来更好的穿戴体验以及减少对体力的消耗，在保留了防弹插板高防护功能的同时，避免了防弹插板的重量较大，失去了机动性、灵活性。

Description

一种复合防弹插板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防弹插板技术领域，具体为一种复合防弹插板及其制备方法。
背景技术
现在防弹衣在军队的普及率已经很高，我们经常能够在各种大片中看到，大部分的防弹衣是由多层芳纶或者聚乙烯PE制成的，虽然这种防弹衣穿起来比较轻便，但是由于材料和技术的限制，按照美国标准NIJ最多只有IIIA级。也就是说只能防得住9mm和44口径的***子弹。面对步枪时防弹衣就束手无策了。为了能够防得住更高级别的威胁，我们就需要用上防弹插板。
防弹插板一般和防弹衣或者战术背心一起使用。防弹插板有正板和侧板两种，正板可以对人体前胸和后背起到保护的作用，侧板则为人体的侧面提供保护。防护胸插板开发，在保证百分之百防护特性的情况下，尽可能减轻插板重量以提高人员作战机动性。
但现有的防弹插板大多数采用氧化铝陶瓷制制造，其总体防御特性一般，在防止诸如狙击步枪、重型半自动步枪、重型冲锋枪等大型单人武器发射的弹丸侵彻方面仍然存在问题，要达到防弹和低背凸的双重要求，就要做成大厚度、大重量制品才能满足，这往往使得轻质复合材料的原始特性丧失，导致防弹插板的重量较大，失去了机动性、灵活性的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种复合防弹插板及其制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种复合防弹插板及其制备方法，包括钢板和外层，所述外层设置于钢板的外表面，所述钢板的顶部连接有混合纤维层，所述钢板的底部连接有碳化硅陶瓷，所述碳化硅陶瓷和混合纤维层远离钢板的一侧连接有高性能纤维。
优选的，所述钢板与混合纤维层和碳化硅陶瓷之间通过热压成型，所述混合纤维层与高性能纤维之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构。
优选的，所述混合纤维层采用碳纤维和玄武岩纤维中的一种或两种与UHMWPE纤维混杂编织而成，其中UHMWPE纤维占比为50％-60％，碳纤维和玄武岩纤维占比为40％-45％，其余5％为聚乙烯树脂。
优选的，所述高性能纤维具体为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维、PBO纤维中的一种或多种，所述碳化硅陶瓷可用碳化硼陶瓷替代，所述外层的材质为聚脲涂层和防水布外层中的一种。
一种复合防弹插板制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将混合纤维层与高性能纤维之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构，缝合角度采用0°、±30°、±45°、±60°或90°的任意组合。
S2：将钢板与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，将碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，通过对碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层加热，使碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层具有一定的可塑性，可塑性层将作为一层成型胶水，在一定的压力下与钢板粘结牢固。
S3：待钢板与混合纤维层和碳化硅陶瓷整体冷却成型后，将高性能纤维与碳化硅陶瓷之间进行热冲压一体成型，冲压结束后，在10分钟以内将冲压温度降低至室温。
S4：将外层涂在高性能纤维的外部。
优选的，所述S2中冲压温度为160-220摄氏度，冲压时间为10-20分钟。
优选的，所述S3中冲压温度为60-140摄氏度，作用在高性能纤维上的压强为5-25MPa，冲压时间为10-20分钟。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.该复合防弹插板及其制备方法，碳化硅陶瓷的密度比氧化铝小很多，更轻的重量能够带来更好的穿戴体验以及减少对体力的消耗，在保留了防弹插板高防护功能的同时，避免了防弹插板的重量较大，失去了机动性、灵活性。
2.该复合防弹插板及其制备方法，采用碳纤维和玄武岩纤维中的一种或两种与UHMWPE纤维混杂编织而成的混合纤维可有效抵抗弹丸贯穿，促使弹丸头部变形，混杂纤维中间聚乙烯树脂可高效吸收弹丸侵彻冲击能量，高性能纤维层可有效的减少弹丸对穿戴者造成的伤害，提升防弹插板的防护性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的防弹插板截面示意图；
图2为本发明的混合纤维层与高性能纤维连接截面示意图。
图中：1、钢板；2、混合纤维层；3、碳化硅陶瓷；4、高性能纤维；5、外层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
请参阅图1-2，
实施例一：
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种复合防弹插板，包括钢板1和外层5，外层5设置于钢板1的外表面，钢板1的顶部连接有混合纤维层2，钢板1的底部连接有碳化硅陶瓷3，碳化硅陶瓷3和混合纤维层2远离钢板1的一侧连接有高性能纤维4。
钢板1与混合纤维层2和碳化硅陶瓷3之间通过热压成型，混合纤维层2与高性能纤维4之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构，混合纤维层2采用碳纤维与UHMWPE纤维混杂编织而成，其中UHMWPE纤维占比为53％，碳纤维占比为42％，其余5％为聚乙烯树脂，高性能纤维4具体由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维和芳纶纤维缝合制成，外层5的材质为聚脲涂层。
一种复合防弹插板制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将混合纤维层与高性能纤维之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构，缝合角度为±45°。
S2：将钢板与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，将碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，通过对碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层加热，使碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层具有一定的可塑性，可塑性层将作为一层成型胶水，在一定的压力下与钢板粘结牢固，冲压温度为180摄氏度，冲压时间为15分钟。
S3：待钢板与混合纤维层和碳化硅陶瓷整体冷却成型后，将高性能纤维与碳化硅陶瓷之间进行热冲压一体成型，冲压结束后，在10分钟以内将冲压温度降低至室温，冲压温度为120摄氏度，作用在高性能纤维上的压强为20MPa，冲压时间为15分钟。
S4：将聚脲涂层涂在高性能纤维的外部。
实施例二：
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种复合防弹插板，包括钢板1和外层5，外层5设置于钢板1的外表面，钢板1的顶部连接有混合纤维层2，钢板1的底部连接有碳化硼陶瓷，碳化硼陶瓷和混合纤维层2远离钢板1的一侧连接有高性能纤维4。
钢板1与混合纤维层2和碳化硼陶瓷之间通过热压成型，混合纤维层2与高性能纤维4之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构，混合纤维层2采用玄武岩纤维与UHMWPE纤维混杂编织而成，其中UHMWPE纤维占比为55％，玄武岩纤维占比为40％，其余5％为聚乙烯树脂，高性能纤维4具体由纶纤维、PBO纤维缝合制成，外层5的材质为防水布外层。
一种复合防弹插板制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将混合纤维层与高性能纤维之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构，缝合角度为±45°。
S2：将钢板与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，将碳化硼陶瓷与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，通过对碳化硼陶瓷与混合纤维层加热，使碳化硼陶瓷与混合纤维层具有一定的可塑性，可塑性层将作为一层成型胶水，在一定的压力下与钢板粘结牢固，冲压温度为180摄氏度，冲压时间为15分钟。
S3：待钢板与混合纤维层和碳化硼陶瓷整体冷却成型后，将高性能纤维与碳化硼陶瓷之间进行热冲压一体成型，冲压结束后，在10分钟以内将冲压温度降低至室温，冲压温度为120摄氏度，作用在高性能纤维上的压强为20MPa，冲压时间为15分钟。
S4：将防水布外层涂在高性能纤维的外部。
实施例三：
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种复合防弹插板，包括钢板1和外层5，外层5设置于钢板1的外表面，钢板1的顶部连接有混合纤维层2，钢板1的底部连接有碳化硅陶瓷3，碳化硅陶瓷3和混合纤维层2远离钢板1的一侧连接有高性能纤维4。
钢板1与混合纤维层2和碳化硅陶瓷3之间通过热压成型，混合纤维层2与高性能纤维4之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构，混合纤维层2采用碳纤维和玄武岩纤维与UHMWPE纤维混杂编织而成，其中UHMWPE纤维占比为50％，碳纤维和玄武岩纤维占比为45％，其余5％为聚乙烯树脂，高性能纤维4具体由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维和PBO纤维缝合制成，外层5的材质为聚脲涂层。
一种复合防弹插板制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将混合纤维层与高性能纤维之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构，缝合角度为±45°。
S2：将钢板与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，将碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，通过对碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层加热，使碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层具有一定的可塑性，可塑性层将作为一层成型胶水，在一定的压力下与钢板粘结牢固，冲压温度为180摄氏度，冲压时间为15分钟。
S3：待钢板与混合纤维层和碳化硅陶瓷整体冷却成型后，将高性能纤维与碳化硅陶瓷之间进行热冲压一体成型，冲压结束后，在10分钟以内将冲压温度降低至室温，冲压温度为120摄氏度，作用在高性能纤维上的压强为20MPa，冲压时间为15分钟。
S4：将防水布外层涂在高性能纤维的外部。
分别对实施例一、实施例二和实施例三中的防弹插板进行防护性能检测，使用5.56毫米口径的步枪弹，对三种防弹插板连续射击10次，射击完成后对子弹穿透防弹插板的程度进行观察，实施例一中步***对防弹插板的穿透厚度最小；同一使用者分别对实施例一、实施例二和实施例三中的防弹插板进行穿戴测试，在穿戴防弹插板徒步行驶相同的距离下，实施例一中的防弹插板对使用者消耗的体力最小。
综上所述：在本方案中，实施例一为最佳实施例。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个......”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种复合防弹插板，包括钢板(1)和外层(5)，所述外层(5)设置于钢板(1)的外表面，其特征在于：所述钢板(1)的顶部连接有混合纤维层(2)，所述钢板(1)的底部连接有碳化硅陶瓷(3)，所述碳化硅陶瓷(3)和混合纤维层(2)远离钢板(1)的一侧连接有高性能纤维(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合防弹插板，其特征在于：所述钢板(1)与混合纤维层(2)和碳化硅陶瓷(3)之间通过热压成型，所述混合纤维层(2)与高性能纤维(4)之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合防弹插板，其特征在于：所述混合纤维层(2)采用碳纤维和玄武岩纤维中的一种或两种与UHMWPE纤维混杂编织而成，其中UHMWPE纤维占比为50％-60％，碳纤维和玄武岩纤维占比为40％-45％，其余5％为聚乙烯树脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合防弹插板，其特征在于：所述高性能纤维(4)具体为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维、PBO纤维中的一种或多种，所述碳化硅陶瓷(3)可用碳化硼陶瓷替代，所述外层(5)的材质为聚脲涂层和防水布外层中的一种。
5.一种复合防弹插板制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：将混合纤维层与高性能纤维之间通过整体缝合，形成立体编织结构，缝合角度采用0°、±30°、±45°、±60°或90°的任意组合；
S2：将钢板与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，将碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层之间通过热压成型，通过对碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层加热，使碳化硅陶瓷与混合纤维层具有一定的可塑性，可塑性层将作为一层成型胶水，在一定的压力下与钢板粘结牢固；
S3：待钢板与混合纤维层和碳化硅陶瓷整体冷却成型后，将高性能纤维与碳化硅陶瓷之间进行热冲压一体成型，冲压结束后，在10分钟以内将冲压温度降低至室温；
S4：将外层涂在高性能纤维的外部。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种复合防弹插板制备方法，其特征在于：所述S2中冲压温度为160-220摄氏度，冲压时间为10-20分钟。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种复合防弹插板制备方法，其特征在于：所述S3中冲压温度为60-140摄氏度，作用在高性能纤维上的压强为5-25MPa，冲压时间为10-20分钟。
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