CN114963592A - Solar photo-thermal conversion and heat storage system based on composite phase-change material - Google Patents
Solar photo-thermal conversion and heat storage system based on composite phase-change material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114963592A CN114963592A CN202210386793.XA CN202210386793A CN114963592A CN 114963592 A CN114963592 A CN 114963592A CN 202210386793 A CN202210386793 A CN 202210386793A CN 114963592 A CN114963592 A CN 114963592A
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- heat
- change material
- phase change
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/60—Thermal insulation
- F24S80/65—Thermal insulation characterised by the material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The utility model discloses a solar photothermal conversion and heat-retaining system based on compound phase change material includes: the output end of the cold water storage tank is connected with the input end of the photo-thermal conversion and heat storage device; the photothermal conversion and heat storage device is used for absorbing solar energy, converting the solar energy into heat energy, storing the heat energy in a sensible heat and latent heat mode simultaneously through a composite phase change material, and exchanging heat with cold water input by the cold water storage tank; the system further comprises a hot water storage tank, wherein the input end of the hot water storage tank is connected with the output end of the photo-thermal conversion and heat storage device.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of renewable energy source heat energy storage, and particularly relates to a solar photo-thermal conversion and heat storage system and method based on a composite phase-change material.
Background
The solar energy is inexhaustible clean renewable energy, and the renewable energy, namely the solar energy, is used for replacing petroleum, coal, natural gas and the like so as to achieve the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, the solar energy and the heat are widely utilized, the solar energy and the heat are applied to the fields of solar water heaters, solar distillation drying, solar power generation and the like, wherein the solar water heaters are most widely applied and are widely used in rural areas and urban areas, but the traditional solar water heaters only convert the solar energy into the heat energy through a photo-thermal coating and store the heat energy in water in a sensible heat (when the heat is added or removed, the change of the temperature of a substance is caused, and the phase change does not occur), the water heaters cannot store the heat energy, the hot water cannot be stored for a long time, and the equipment has large volume and high price. The phase-change material can store heat in the forms of latent heat (heat absorbed or released from one phase to another) and sensible heat, has high heat storage density, and can store heat for a long time. However, pure phase change materials have the problems of poor light absorption, easy phase change leakage and low heat conductivity coefficient, so that solar photo-thermal conversion and heat energy storage are difficult to directly perform, and solar energy is difficult to effectively utilize.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the disclosed solar photo-thermal conversion and heat storage system based on the composite phase-change material adopts a heat storage mode combining latent heat and sensible heat, increases the heat storage density and prolongs the heat storage time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present disclosure provides the following technical solutions:
a solar photo-thermal conversion and heat storage system based on a composite phase-change material comprises:
the output end of the cold water storage tank is connected with the input end of the photo-thermal conversion and heat storage device;
the photothermal conversion and heat storage device is used for absorbing solar energy, converting the solar energy into heat energy, storing the heat energy in a sensible heat and latent heat mode simultaneously through a composite phase change material, and exchanging heat with cold water input by the cold water storage tank;
the system further comprises a hot water storage tank, wherein the input end of the hot water storage tank is connected with the output end of the photo-thermal conversion and heat storage device.
Preferably, the photothermal conversion and heat storage device includes:
the device comprises a device main body, wherein a heat insulation layer is arranged in the device main body, a sizing composite phase change material body is arranged in the heat insulation layer, and the sizing composite phase change material body is used for storing heat energy in a sensible heat and latent heat mode.
Preferably, the photothermal conversion and heat storage device further comprises a heat exchange layer, wherein the heat exchange layer adopts a pin fin array structure and is used for exchanging heat between the heat energy stored in the shaped composite phase change material body and cold water input by a cold water storage tank.
Preferably, the upper end surfaces of the heat insulation layer and the shaped composite phase change material body are provided with light condensation layers, and the light condensation layers are tightly attached to the edge of the device main body to form a closed space.
Preferably, the light-condensing layer is made of a material having a light transmittance of 90% or more.
Preferably, the heat insulation layer is prepared from any one of the following materials: phenolic, polyurethane, aerogel.
Preferably, the shaped composite phase change material body is prepared from a matrix material and a pure phase change material.
A method of making a shaped composite body of phase change material comprising the steps of:
s1: uniformly mixing a base material and a pure phase change material according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a mixed material;
s2: dipping the mixed material in a vacuum environment with certain temperature and certain vacuum degree to obtain a composite phase-change material in a molten state;
s3: placing the composite phase-change material subjected to vacuum impregnation in a heating type ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic treatment;
s4: and (3) carrying out thermal filtration on the ultrasonic composite phase change material to obtain the shaped composite phase change material body.
Preferably, the matrix material comprises any one of: expanded graphite, graphene aerogel, graphite foam, metal foam, and organic metal frameworks.
Preferably, the phase-pure material comprises any one of: paraffin and fatty acid organic phase change materials.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect that this disclosure brought does:
1. the heat storage mode combining latent heat (heat absorbed when the phase change material is subjected to solid-liquid phase change) and sensible heat (heat absorbed when the composite phase change material is not subjected to phase change) is adopted, so that the heat storage density is increased, the heat storage time is prolonged, and the stored heat can be used in the absence of sunlight;
2. by using the efficient photo-thermal shaping composite phase change material body, solar photo-thermal conversion and heat storage after thermal conversion are realized at the same time, photo-thermal conversion and heat storage integration is realized, and solar energy is efficiently utilized;
3. the solar photo-thermal conversion and heat storage device has simple structure and low material price, and can be integrated and flexibly used in large scale;
4. the pin fin array plate can enhance the heat conductivity and heat storage/release performance of the composite phase change material body, and meanwhile, the heat exchange can be realized through the heat exchange micro-channel structure, and the composite phase change material body is convenient to separate from a shaping composite phase change material body and is convenient to disassemble.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar photo-thermal conversion and thermal storage system based on a composite phase-change material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of the photothermal conversion and thermal storage device of the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the photothermal conversion and heat storage device shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the heat exchange layer of FIG. 3;
the reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:
1-a cold water storage tank; 2-a water pump; 3, a flow meter; 4-an electromagnetic valve; 5-a temperature sensor; 6-photothermal conversion and heat storage device (6-1-light-gathering layer, 6-2-shaped composite phase change material body, 6-3-heat exchange layer [ 6-3-1-pin rib array plate, 6-3-2-pin rib array, 6-3-3-heat exchange microchannel, 6-3-4-pin rib array plate water inlet, 6-3-5-pin rib array plate water outlet); a water inlet joint of the 6-4-1 pin rib array plate; a water outlet joint of the 6-4-2 pin rib array plate; 6-5-a thermal insulation layer; 6-6-device body ]; 7-1-cold water pipeline; 7-2-hot water pipeline; 8-monitoring the control device; 9-water level measuring instrument; 10-hot water storage tank.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings. While specific embodiments of the disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various names may be used to refer to a component. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the disclosure and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is to be determined by the terms of the appended claims.
To facilitate an understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following detailed description is to be considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the drawings are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present disclosure.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the present disclosure provides a solar photo-thermal conversion and thermal storage system based on a composite phase-change material, including:
the output end of the cold water storage tank 1 is connected with the input end of the photo-thermal conversion and heat storage device 6;
the photothermal conversion and heat storage device 6 is used for absorbing solar energy and converting the solar energy into heat energy, and is used for storing the heat energy in a sensible heat and latent heat manner simultaneously through a composite phase change material to exchange heat with cold water input from the cold water storage tank 1;
the system further comprises a hot water storage tank 10, wherein the input end of the hot water storage tank 10 is connected with the output end of the photo-thermal conversion and heat storage device 6.
The above-mentioned embodiment has constituted this disclosed complete technical scheme, and above-mentioned embodiment has increased heat-retaining density through adopting latent heat and sensible heat to have concurrently the heat-retaining mode, has increased long time of heat-retaining for the heat of storage can use when having no sun illumination.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the photothermal conversion and heat storage device 6 includes: the device comprises a device body 6-6, a heat insulation layer 6-5 is arranged in the device body 6-6, a shaped composite phase change material body 6-2 is arranged in the heat insulation layer 6-5, a heat exchange layer 6-3 is arranged on the lower end face of the shaped composite phase change material body 6-2, a light condensation layer 6-1 is arranged on the upper end faces of the heat insulation layer 6-3 and the shaped composite phase change material body 6-2, and the light condensation layer 6-1 is tightly attached to the edge of the device body 6-6 to form a closed space. One side of the device main body 6-6 is provided with a pin fin array plate water inlet 6-3-4, the pin fin array plate water inlet 6-3-4 is connected with a pin fin array plate water inlet connector 6-4-1, and the connector is connected to a cold water storage tank 1 through a cold water pipeline 7-1; one side of the device main body 6-6 is also provided with a pin fin array plate water outlet 6-3-5, the pin fin array plate water outlet 6-3-5 is connected with a pin fin array plate water outlet connector 6-4-2, and the connector is connected to a hot water storage tank 10 through a hot water pipeline 7-2.
In the embodiment, as the most main part of the photothermal conversion and heat storage device, the shaped composite phase-change material body can convert solar radiation energy into heat energy, and when the temperature of the shaped composite phase-change material body does not reach the melting temperature of the phase-change material, the composite phase-change material stores the heat energy in a sensible heat manner; when the temperature of the shaped composite phase change material body reaches the melting temperature of the phase change material, the phase change material undergoes solid-liquid phase change, and heat energy is stored in the form of latent heat; and as the temperature continues to rise, the shaped composite phase change material body stores heat in a sensible heat manner. When cold water in the cold water storage tank 1 flows into the heat exchange layer 6-3 through the pin fin array plate water inlet connector 6-4-1, the cold water exchanges heat with heat stored in the shaped composite phase change material body 6-2 to become hot water, and then the hot water flows into the hot water storage tank 10 through the pin fin array plate water outlet connector 6-4-2.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the heat exchange layer 6-3 includes a pin fin array plate 6-3-1, a pin fin array 6-3-2 is disposed on the pin fin array plate 6-3-1, a heat exchange microchannel 6-3-3 is disposed in the pin fin array plate 6-3-1, the pin fin array plate 6-3-1 is connected to the shaped composite phase change material body 6-2 through a heat conductive adhesive attached to a lower end surface of the shaped composite phase change material body 6-2, and the pin fin array 6-3-2 is located in the shaped composite phase change material body 6-2.
In the embodiment, because the heat conductivity coefficient of the metal pin ribs is greatly higher than that of the composite phase change material (by one order of magnitude or more), a plurality of high-speed heat flow channels are increased by adding the pin rib arrays above the heat exchange micro-channels, so that the overall heat conductivity coefficient of the shaped composite phase change material body can be greatly improved by the pin rib array plate, and the time of heat in the storage and release processes is reduced; the heat transfer enhancement, namely the increase of the convection heat transfer capacity can be realized by increasing the temperature difference, the surface heat transfer coefficient and the heat exchange area, compared with the traditional heat exchange tubes (such as a coiled tube, a hollow square tube and the like) which are arranged in the shaped composite phase change material body, the heat exchange area can be greatly increased by arranging a large number of heat exchange micro-channels in the pin fin array plate, so that the rapid heat exchange can be realized; the pin fin array can rapidly transfer heat in the composite phase change material body to the pin fin array plate, and the heat exchange micro-channel can realize rapid heat exchange, so that rapid heat transfer and heat exchange can be realized through a combined structure of the pin fin array and the heat exchange micro-channel, and the optimal heat exchange effect is further obtained.
In another embodiment, the light-condensing layer 6-1 is made of a material having a light transmittance of 90% or more.
In this embodiment, the light-gathering layer is provided to collect and transmit solar radiation to the maximum extent, and the shaped composite phase-change material body is isolated from the external environment, and the requirement can be met by using ultra-white glass or acrylic plate with a light-gathering effect as a preparation material of the light-gathering layer.
In another embodiment, the thermal insulation layer 6-3 can be made of any material including phenolic aldehyde, polyurethane and aerogel, and by arranging the thermal insulation layer, the loss of heat energy stored in the shaped composite phase change material body can be reduced.
In another embodiment, the system further comprises a monitoring and control device 8, wherein the monitoring and control device 8 comprises a microprocessor which is connected to the photothermal conversion and heat storage device 6 through the temperature sensor 5, connected to the hot water storage tank 10 through the water level gauge 9, and connected to the cold water storage tank 1 through the water pump 2, the flow meter 3 and the solenoid valve 4.
In this embodiment, the temperature sensor is used for collecting the temperature in the photothermal conversion and heat storage device, and transmitting the data to the microprocessor, when the temperature of the shaped composite phase change material body exceeds the melting temperature of the pure phase change material by 30 ℃, the microprocessor controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve and the pump, and cold water in the cold water tank takes away heat in the shaped composite phase change material body through the heat exchange micro-channel and flows into the hot water tank. The water level measuring instrument is used for monitoring the water level in the hot water tank and transmitting data to the microprocessor, and when the temperature of the fixed composite phase change material body is reduced to be 5 ℃ higher than the phase change temperature of the pure phase change material or the water level in the hot water tank reaches a control water level, the microprocessor controls the pump and the electromagnetic valve to be closed.
In another embodiment, the shaped composite body of phase change material 6-2 is prepared from a matrix material and a pure phase change material.
In another embodiment, the present disclosure also provides a method of making a shaped composite body of phase change material, comprising the steps of:
s1: any one of expanded graphite, graphene aerogel, graphite foam, metal foam, organic metal framework and other naturally-occurring or artificial porous materials (such as modified and optimized shaddock peel, polyurethane foam and the like) is used as a base material, and pure phase change materials (such as some paraffin-type organic phase change materials including n-heneicosane, n-docosane and the like and fatty acid organic phase change materials including lauric acid and the like which are cheap and have large latent heat values and the melting temperature of which is close to the optimal bath temperature (40 ℃) of a human body) are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 10, placing the mixture into a container bottle after uniformly mixing the mixture in a mass ratio to obtain a mixed material;
s2: placing the mixed material in a vacuum drying oven, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying oven is set to be 90-100 ℃ (the temperature enables the mixed material to be melted, of course, the temperature range is only exemplary), the vacuum degree is-0.05-0.1 MPa (the vacuum degree is exemplary), the vacuum impregnation time is 2-3h, and the composite phase-change material in a molten state is obtained;
s3: taking out the composite phase change material after vacuum impregnation, and carrying out ultrasound in a heating type ultrasonic water bath for 5-10min at 90-100 ℃ (the composite material needs to be kept in a molten state, so that the temperature is consistent with the temperature setting in a drying oven);
s4: and (3) carrying out heat filtration on the ultrasonic composite phase change material for 10-24h at 80 ℃ (the temperature needs to be properly reduced due to long heat filtration time, and if the filtration time is shortened, the heat filtration temperature can be properly prolonged), so as to obtain the shaped composite phase change material body.
The technical solutions provided by the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, and the description of the embodiments is only for assisting understanding of the method and the core idea of the present disclosure, and a person skilled in the art may change the specific embodiments and the application scope according to the idea of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the description should not be construed as limiting the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A solar photo-thermal conversion and heat storage system based on a composite phase-change material comprises:
the output end of the cold water storage tank is connected with the input end of the photo-thermal conversion and heat storage device;
the photothermal conversion and heat storage device is used for absorbing solar energy, converting the solar energy into heat energy, storing the heat energy in a sensible heat and latent heat mode simultaneously through a composite phase change material, and exchanging heat with cold water input by the cold water storage tank;
the system further comprises a hot water storage tank, wherein the input end of the hot water storage tank is connected with the output end of the photo-thermal conversion and heat storage device.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein preferably the photothermal conversion and thermal storage device comprises:
the device comprises a device main body, wherein a heat insulation layer is arranged in the device main body, a sizing composite phase change material body is arranged in the heat insulation layer, and the sizing composite phase change material body is used for storing heat energy in a sensible heat and latent heat mode.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the photothermal conversion and heat storage device further comprises a heat exchange layer in a pin fin array structure for exchanging heat energy stored in the shaped composite phase change material body with cold water input from a cold water storage tank.
4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the upper end face of the thermal insulation layer and the shaped composite phase change material body is provided with a light-gathering layer, and the light-gathering layer is tightly attached to the edge of the device body to form a closed space.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the light-concentrating layer is made of a material having a light transmittance of 90% or more.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the thermal insulation layer is made of any one of the following materials: phenolic, polyurethane, aerogel.
7. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the shaped composite body of phase change material is prepared from a matrix material and a pure phase change material.
8. A method of making a shaped composite body of phase change material according to claim 7, comprising the steps of:
s1: uniformly mixing a base material and a pure phase change material according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a mixed material;
s2: dipping the mixed material in vacuum at a certain temperature and a certain vacuum degree to obtain a composite phase-change material in a molten state;
s3: placing the composite phase-change material subjected to vacuum impregnation in a heating type ultrasonic water bath for ultrasonic treatment;
s4: and (3) carrying out thermal filtration on the ultrasonic composite phase change material to obtain the shaped composite phase change material body.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the matrix material comprises any one of: expanded graphite, graphene aerogel, graphite foam, metal foam, and organic metal frameworks.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the pure phase change material comprises any of: paraffin and fatty acid organic phase change materials.
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