CN114961732B - Hob structure and cutter ring design method of vertical shaft full-face heading machine and heading machine - Google Patents
Hob structure and cutter ring design method of vertical shaft full-face heading machine and heading machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114961732B CN114961732B CN202210319238.5A CN202210319238A CN114961732B CN 114961732 B CN114961732 B CN 114961732B CN 202210319238 A CN202210319238 A CN 202210319238A CN 114961732 B CN114961732 B CN 114961732B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
- E21D1/03—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws
- E21D1/06—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws with shaft-boring cutters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a hob structure of a vertical shaft full-face heading machine, a cutter ring design method and a heading machine, wherein the hob structure comprises a cutter ring, the cutter ring is of an annular structure, and the inner side surface of the cutter ring is designed to be a shape curve u 1 (y) the outer side of the cutter ring is designed into a shape curve u 2 (y), shape curve u 1 Curve u of the shape 2 The relationship is as follows: u. of 2 (y)＝u 1 (-y) -2ky; wherein k is the slope of the rock surface of the face, and y is the distance from the central axis of the hob; the scheme provided by the invention can effectively prevent the cutter shaft of the hob from being subjected to extra bending moment, increase the integrity of the hob, improve the eccentric loading capacity, reduce the eccentric loading working condition of the hob and prolong the service life of the hob.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hobs of vertical shaft full-face heading machines, and particularly relates to a hob structure of a vertical shaft full-face heading machine, a cutter ring design method and a heading machine.
Background
When designing a full-face shaft boring machine, in order to collect slag conveniently, a cutter head is often designed to be a conical, W-shaped or other non-planar cutter head, as shown in fig. 1, a method of orthogonally contacting a hob with a rock is generally adopted in the prior art; the maximum thrust direction of the vertical shaft full-face heading machine is always along the axis direction of the shaft, at the moment, the thrust of the heading machine and the cutter shaft form a non-orthogonal angle, so that the cutter shaft can be subjected to a large bending moment, the eccentric wear phenomenon of the cutter ring can be serious due to uneven loading, the phenomenon can be relieved by adopting an inlet cutter made of special materials, and the current situation can not be greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 2, when the thrust of the hob cutter shaft and the heading machine is 90 °, the hob cutter shaft and the rock form a non-orthogonal contact angle, and at this time, if a common cutter ring adopted by the tunnel heading machine is adopted, the cutter shaft is subjected to extra bending moment and eccentric load, so that the service life of the cutter shaft is shortened, and the eccentric wear phenomenon of the cutter ring is serious.
Among the prior art, in the shaft tunnelling process, broken rock sediment relies on gravity to promote to get rid of after the bottommost department is collected by the scraper along rock inclined plane landing, but the effect of friction force between some rock sediment and the unbroken rock mass, landing in time can not, this will lead to the hobbing cutter can not the direct contact to the rock, the hobbing cutter leads to the fact the secondary crushing to the rock sediment that forms before, the tunnelling efficiency of reduction also can cause the hobbing cutter to receive eccentric load's effect simultaneously, influences the life-span of hobbing cutter.
Based on the technical problems existing in the hobbing cutter of the full-face shaft boring machine, no related solution is provided; there is therefore a pressing need to find effective solutions to the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hob structure and a cutter ring design method of a vertical shaft full-face heading machine and a heading machine aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art and aims to solve the problem that the existing heading machine hob is not uniformly stressed during working.
The invention provides a hob structure of a shaft full-face heading machine, which comprises a hob ring, wherein the hob ring is of an annular structure, and the inner side surface of the hob ring is designed to be a shape curve u 1 The outer side surface of the cutter ring is designed into a shape curve u 2 Curve of shape u 1 And shape curve u 2 The relationship is as follows: u. u 2 (y)＝u 1 (-y) -2ky; wherein k is the slope of the rock surface of the face, and y is the distance from the central axis of the hob.
Further, the shape curve u 1 Is a straight line or a circular arc or a parabola and has a shape curve u 1 And shape curve u 2 Are asymmetrical surfaces.
Furthermore, the root edge of the cutter ring is of a fillet structure.
Further, the width of the two sides of the center line of the cutter ring is consistent.
Further, the slope k value is the cotangent value of the rock-receiving angle of the hob blade.
Further, the hob structure comprises a hob shaft, a hob cover and a hob ring base body; the cutter cover is arranged on the cutter shaft and can be used for installing the cutter ring base body; the cutter ring base body is of an annular structure and is fixedly sleeved on a cutter cover of the cutter shaft; two side surfaces of the cutter ring base body form a cutter ring.
Further, the hob structure comprises a hub; the cutter cover comprises an upper cutter cover and a lower cutter cover, the upper cutter cover and the lower cutter cover are respectively of an annular structure, the upper cutter cover and the cutter shaft are integrally formed, and the lower cutter cover is fixedly sleeved on the cutter shaft through a fastening bolt; an annular cavity is formed between the upper cutter cover and the lower cutter cover, the cutter hub is fixedly arranged in the annular cavity through a bearing assembly, and the cutter ring base body is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the cutter hub through a check ring; shape curve u 1 Is positioned at the same side with the upper knife cover and has a shape curve u 2 Is positioned on the same side as the lower cutter cover.
Further, the bearing assembly comprises a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring and a bearing; two bearing outer rings are fixed on two sides between the cutter hub and the bearing, and two bearing inner rings are fixed on two sides between the bearing and the outer wall of the cutter shaft; an O-shaped ring is arranged between the cutter hub and the bearing outer ring; a space ring is arranged between the two bearing inner rings; a sealing ring is arranged between the bearing outer ring and the cutter cover; an oil plug is also arranged on the side wall of the lower knife cover.
Further, the cutter ring base body is made of 40CrNiMo or 4Cr5MoSiV 1.
Further, the cutter ring base body is strengthened through heat treatment and WC coating.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a design method of the hob ring of the vertical shaft full-face heading machine, which comprises the following steps:
s: the inner side surface of the cutter ring of the designed hob is a shape curve u 1 ；
S: the outer side surface of a cutter ring of the designed hob is a shape curve u 2 (ii) a Wherein the shape curve u 1 Curve u of the shape 2 The relationship is as follows: u. u 2 (y)＝u 1 (-y) -2ky; wherein k is the slope of the rock surface of the face, and y is the distance from the central axis of the hob.
Further, the shape curve u 1 Is a straight line or a circular arc or a parabola and has a shape curve u 1 Curve u of the shape 2 Are mutually asymmetric surfaces.
Further, the design method comprises: and (4) rounding off the root edge of the cutter ring.
Further, the width of the two sides of the center line of the cutter ring is consistent.
Further, the slope k value is the cotangent value of the rock-receiving angle of the hob blade.
Further, the cutter ring is made of 40CrNiMo or 4Cr5MoSiV 1.
Further, the cutter ring is subjected to strengthening treatment through heat treatment and WC coating.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a heading machine which comprises a hob, a cutter head and a cleaning brush; the hob is the hob structure of the shaft full-face heading machine claimed in the above claims; a mounting cavity is arranged in the cutter head, the cutting edge of the hob is vertically downward and is fixed on a cutter holder of the mounting cavity through a cutter shaft of the hob; the cleaning brush is arranged in the cutter head and is positioned at the front end of the cutting direction of the hob; when the hob breaks rock, the cutter head can drive the cleaning brush and the hob to revolve around the center of the heading machine, so that the bristles of the cleaning brush are tightly attached to the rock surface, and scum on the rock surface is cleaned.
A left tool apron and a right tool apron are respectively arranged on two sides in the mounting cavity; the cutting edge of the hob is vertically downward and is respectively fixed at the preset positions of the left tool apron and the right tool apron through the two ends of the cutter shaft of the hob; and/or the cleaning brush is made of chemical fibers and metal wires; and/or the cutting direction of the cleaning brush and the hob is 30-60 degrees; and/or the bottom of the cleaning brush is kept attached to the surface of the rock; and/or the included angle alpha between the cleaning brush and the cutter shaft is as follows: alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.
According to the scheme provided by the invention, the cutter shaft can be effectively prevented from being subjected to extra bending moment, and on the basis, the integrity of the hob is increased and the eccentric loading capacity is improved by integrally designing the upper cutter cover on the hob and the cutter shaft; meanwhile, the scum cleaning brush is arranged on the front side of the hob, so that secondary crushing of rock debris can be avoided, the working condition that the hob is eccentrically loaded is reduced, and the service life of the hob is prolonged.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of a prior art hob force analysis;
FIG. 2 is a force analysis diagram of a prior art hob when vertically mounted under an offset load;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hob structure of a vertical shaft full face tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a hob structure of a vertical shaft full face heading machine of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the heading machine of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hob installation mode of the vertical shaft full-face heading machine;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the cleaning brush slots of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the cleaning brush of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-hobbing cutter; 101-a cutter shaft; 102-a bearing inner race; 103-sealing ring; 104-a retaining ring; 105-a cutter ring base; 106-hob edge; 107-a cutter hub; 108-O-shaped ring; 109-bearing outer race; 110-lower knife cover; 111-oil plug; 112-fastening bolts; 113-a bearing; 114-a space ring; 115-upper knife cover; 2-cutter head; 201-left tool apron; 202-right tool apron; 203-hob fixed wedge block; 204-hob briquetting; 205-hob fixing bolts; 3-rock; 4-cleaning brush; 401-brush holder; 402-bristles.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. The meaning of "a number" is one or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the invention provides a hob structure of a vertical shaft full face heading machine, wherein the hob structure comprises a cutter ring, the cutter ring is of an annular structure and is formed on the outer side of a cutter ring base body; in particular, the inner side of the cutter ring is designed into a shape curve u 1 The shape curve u 1 Namely, the contour line formed by the inner side surface of the cutter ring is expressed as a curve; correspondingly, the outer side of the cutter ring is designed into a shape curve u 2 The shape curve u 2 Namely, the contour line formed by the outer side surface of the cutter ring is expressed as a curve; further, the shape curve u 1 Curve u of the shape 2 The relationship is as follows: u. u 2 (y)＝u 1 (-y) -2ky; wherein k is the slope of the rock surface of the tunnel face, and y is the distance from the central axis of the hob; by adopting the hob structure of the shaft full-face heading machine, the appearance profiles of the two side faces of the hob are expressed through functions, so that a unique hob structure is formed, the problem that when the existing disc hob is installed on a cutter head of the shaft heading machine to perform rock breaking work, the hob shaft of the hob is subjected to extra bending moment when the hob is in non-orthogonal contact with a rock face can be solved, and the problem of eccentric wear of the hob can also be solved.
Preferably, in combination with the above, the shape curve u is shown in fig. 3 to 4 1 Is a straight line or a circular arc or a parabola and has a shape curve u 1 Curve u of the shape 2 Are mutually asymmetric surfaces; by adopting the design method of the asymmetrical hob ring, the hob can be applicableUnder the condition of non-orthogonal contact with a rock mass, particularly for a vertical shaft full-face tunneling machine, a hob is vertically and downwards installed and is consistent with the thrust direction of the tunneling machine; the cutter rings on two sides of the central line of the hob adopt different curve shapes, so that the eccentric load on the cutter shaft is reduced, and the phenomenon of deflection of the hob is avoided.
Preferably, in combination with the above solution, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the root edge of the cutter ring is in a rounded structure; further, the widths of the two sides of the center line of the cutter ring are consistent, and it needs to be emphasized that: the center line of the cutter ring is the central axis of the hob in the embodiment; further, the slope k value is the cotangent value of the rock-contacting angle of the hob edge 106, and the rock-contacting angle of the hob edge is 0-90 degrees.
Preferably, in combination with the above solutions, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, in the present embodiment, the hob structure includes a hob shaft 101, a hob cover and a hob ring base 105; wherein, the knife cover is arranged on the knife shaft 101 and can be provided with a knife ring base body 105; the knife cover is preferably integrally formed with the knife shaft, and the effect is better after the knife cover and the knife shaft are integrally formed; the cutter ring base body 105 is of an annular structure and is sleeved and fixed on a cutter cover of the cutter shaft 101; the two side surfaces of the cutter ring base body 105 form a cutter ring.
Preferably, in combination with the above, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the hob structure comprises a hub 107; the knife cover comprises an upper knife cover 115 and a lower knife cover 110, and the upper knife cover 115 and the lower knife cover 110 are respectively of an annular structure; specifically, in order to further increase the integrity of the hob, the upper cover 115 is integrally formed with the hob shaft 101; the lower knife cover 110 is sleeved and fixed on the knife shaft 101 through a fastening bolt 112; an annular cavity is formed between the upper cutter cover 115 and the lower cutter cover 110, the cutter hub 107 is fixedly arranged in the annular cavity through a bearing assembly, and the cutter ring base body 105 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the cutter hub 107 through the check ring 104; shape curve u 1 The same side as the upper knife cover 115 and the shape curve u 2 On the same side as the lower blade cover 110.
Preferably, in combination with the above solution, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the bearing assembly includes a bearing inner ring 102, a bearing outer ring 109, and a bearing 113; two bearing outer rings 109 are fixed on two sides between the cutter hub 107 and the bearing 113, and two bearing inner rings 102 are fixed on two sides between the bearing 113 and the outer wall of the cutter shaft 101; an O-shaped ring 108 is arranged between the cutter hub 107 and the bearing outer ring 109; a space ring 114 is arranged between the two bearing inner rings 102; a sealing ring 103 is arranged between the bearing outer ring 109 and the cutter cover; the side wall of the lower cutter cover 110 is also provided with an oil plug 111, and through the structure, the installation and positioning among all the parts are ensured, and the hob is good in sealing performance and can be detachably sleeved.
Preferably, in combination with the above solutions, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the cutter ring base 105 is made of 40CrNiMo or 4Cr5MoSiV 1; and/or, the cutter ring base body 105 is strengthened by heat treatment and a WC coating.
Correspondingly, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the method for designing the hob cutter ring of the vertical shaft full-face heading machine is suitable for the condition that the hob of the heading machine is in non-orthogonal contact with a rock mass, particularly for the vertical shaft full-face heading machine, and the cutting edge is vertically installed downwards and is consistent with the thrust direction of the heading machine; the design method adopts a mode of adopting different curve shapes on two sides of the central line of the hob, thereby realizing the reduction of eccentric load on the hob shaft and avoiding the phenomenon of deflection of the hob; specifically, the design method comprises the following steps:
s1: the inner side surface of the cutter ring of the designed hob is a shape curve u 1 ，；
S2: the outer side surface of a cutter ring of the designed hob is a shape curve u 2 (ii) a Wherein the shape curve u 1 Curve u of the shape 2 The relationship is as follows: u. of 2 (y)＝u 1 (-y) -2ky; wherein k is the slope of the rock surface of the face, and y is the distance from the central axis of the hob.
Preferably, in combination with the above, the shape curve u is shown in fig. 3 to 4 1 Is a straight line or a circular arc or a parabola and has a shape curve u 1 And shape curve u 2 Are mutually asymmetric surfaces.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the design method includes: and (4) rounding off the root edge of the cutter ring.
Preferably, in combination with the above solution, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the widths of both sides of the center line of the cutter ring are consistent; it should be emphasized that: the center line of the cutter ring is the central axis of the hob in this embodiment.
Preferably, in conjunction with the above, the slope k is the cotangent of the angle of attack of the hob edge 106, as shown in figures 3 to 4.
Preferably, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the cutter ring is made of 40CrNiMo or 4Cr5MoSiV 1; further, the cutter ring is subjected to strengthening treatment through heat treatment and a WC coating; specifically, the cutter ring is processed and processed in the following steps:
s11: blanking the cutter ring common material of the TBM hob according to the requirement,
s12: then, a blank of the cutter ring is manufactured through die forging forming, the forged workpiece blank is annealed, and machining is carried out after the workpiece is cooled;
s13: then carrying out cutter ring heat treatment on the workpiece by using a conventional TBM hob;
s14: cleaning the heat-treated workpiece, and grinding the end surface and the inner surface of the workpiece again to meet the requirements on the size and the smoothness of a cutter ring of a TBM hob; the edge of the root part of the cutter ring is subjected to fillet treatment, and the cutter ring base body is made of 40CrNiMo or 4Cr5MoSiV 1;
s15: finally, the blade is strengthened by using carburization or WC coating.
By adopting the scheme, in order to solve the problems that the service life of the cutter shaft is shortened and the eccentric wear phenomenon of the cutter ring is serious because the cutter shaft is subjected to extra bending moment and eccentric load, the cutter ring adopts a structure with two asymmetric sides; the specific scheme is as follows:
inner side shape curve u 1 Can be any shape curve such as straight line, circular arc, parabola and the like, and k is any positive number (the angle of the hob cutting edge connecting with the rock is 0-90 degrees); the widths a and a' on two sides of the center line of the cutter ring are consistent, and the outer shape curve u 2 (y)＝u 1 (-y)-2ky。
The design principle is as follows: a rectangular coordinate system is established as shown in FIG. 2, and the depth of the tool penetrating the rock is d 0 The rock surface is kept coincident with the tool surface, and for the left side of the X-axis, the tool-to-rock contact range is-l 1 Y is less than or equal to 0, and the deformation of the rock at any point in the contact range can be expressed as D 1 ＝u 1 +ky+d 0 The reaction force of the rock to the tool can be expressed as
Wherein E is the elastic modulus of the rock, and the contact range of the rock of the cutter on the right side of the X axis is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to y and less than or equal to-l 2 The amount of deformation can be expressed as D 2 ＝u 2 +ky+d 0 The reaction force of the rock to the tool is
To prevent the forces on the two sides of the cutter from being inconsistent, F is ensured 1 ＝F 2 (ii) a Existence of solution u 2 (y)＝u 1 (-y) -2ky (-a ≦ y ≦ 0) such that for any-a ≦ y = l ≦ 0, D is present 1 (y)＝D 2 (-y) and this solution can satisfy the condition that the contact range of both sides of the tool and the rock is consistent, i.e./ 1 ＝l 2 。
At the moment, the acting forces of rocks on the cutter, which are at the same distance from the symmetrical shaft at the two sides of the cutter, are equal, so that the action of unbalance loading on the cutter is avoided.
When the hob ring adopts the arc-shaped cutting edge, the shape curve of the inner cutting edge is as shown in figure 3
If the angle θ =45 ° between the rock surface and the horizontal plane is assumed, the slope k =1, and the shape curve on the right side of the hob is a parabola
When the hob ring adopts a wedge-shaped cutting edge, the shape curve u of the inner cutting edge is shown in fig. 4 1 Line of = y, assuming the rock surface is at an angle θ =45 ° to the horizontal, the slope k =1, and the shape curve on the right side of the hob will likewise be a straight line u 2 ＝-3y。
Correspondingly, in combination with the above scheme, as shown in fig. 5, the invention further provides a heading machine, which comprises a hob 1, a cutterhead 2 and a cleaning brush 4; wherein, the hob 1 is the hob structure of the vertical shaft full-face heading machine; specifically, an installation cavity is arranged in the cutter head 2, and the cutting edge of the hob 1 is vertically downward and fixed on a cutter seat of the installation cavity through a cutter shaft 101 of the hob; the cleaning brush 4 is arranged in the cutter head 2 and is positioned at the front end of the hob 1 in the cutting direction; when the hob breaks rock, the cutter head 2 can drive the cleaning brush 4 and the hob 1 to revolve around the center of the heading machine, so that the bristles of the cleaning brush 4 are tightly attached to the rock surface, scum on the rock surface is cleaned, the hob further breaks the rock to form rock slag, the hob can be ensured to be in direct contact with the rock surface, and secondary breaking of the rock slag is avoided; as shown in fig. 5, specifically, when the heading machine works, the cutter head drives the hob to cut rock along the arrow direction, the cleaning brush is installed on the front side of the hob, floating slag on the surface of the rock is cleaned, direct contact between the hob and the rock is ensured, and secondary crushing of rock slag is avoided; the asymmetric shape of hob both sides can effectively balance the uneven problem of loading that leads to because the rock angle.
Preferably, in combination with the above solution, as shown in fig. 3 to 8, a left tool apron 201 and a right tool apron 202 are respectively arranged on two sides in the installation cavity; the cutting edge of the hob 1 is vertically downward and is respectively fixed at the preset positions of the left tool apron 201 and the right tool apron 202 through the two ends of the cutter shaft 101; the asymmetric hob is installed on the hob head 2, a hob installation groove is formed in the hob head as required, a left side tool apron 201 and a right side tool apron 202 of the fixed hob are installed on two sides of the installation groove respectively, the left side tool apron 201 and the right side tool apron 202 are arranged on the same level, the cutting edge of the hob is vertical downward, and the hob is fixed at a preset position through a wedge block 203, a pressing block 204 and a fixing bolt 205.
Preferably, in combination with the above solution, as shown in fig. 7 to 8, the cleaning brush 4 is composed of a brush holder 401 and bristles 402, and the brush holder is fixed in a prepared hole of the cutter head when being installed, and the prepared hole is arranged at the front side of the hob seat; further, the cleaning brush 4 is made of chemical fiber and metal wire; further, the cleaning brush 4 is at an angle of 30 ° to 60 ° to the cutting direction of the hob 1.
Preferably, in combination with the above solution, as shown in fig. 3 to 8, the bottom of the cleaning brush 4 is kept in close contact with the rock surface; the included angle alpha between the cleaning brush 4 and the cutter shaft 101 is as follows: alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees; specifically, when the thrust of the cutter shaft 101 adopting the hob and the heading machine is 90 degrees, different shapes are adopted on two sides of a hob ring, so that the stress difference of the two sides of the hob is reduced as much as possible, and the cutter shaft is structurally prevented from being subjected to extra bending moment; meanwhile, on the basis, the upper cutter cover 115 on the inner side and the cutter shaft 102 are integrally designed, so that the integrity of the hob is increased, and the eccentric loading capacity is improved; meanwhile, a cleaning brush 4 for cleaning scum is arranged on the front side of the hob, so that secondary crushing of the rock slag is avoided, and the eccentric loaded working condition of the hob is reduced.
According to the scheme provided by the invention, the cutter shaft can be effectively prevented from being subjected to extra bending moment, and on the basis, the integrity of the hob is increased and the eccentric loading capacity is improved by integrally designing the upper cutter cover on the hob and the cutter shaft; meanwhile, the scum cleaning brush is arranged on the front side of the hob, so that secondary crushing of rock debris is avoided, the working condition that the hob is eccentrically loaded is reduced, and the service life of the hob is prolonged.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the described embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technology of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention, unless the content of the technical solution of the present invention is departed from.
Claims (10)
1. The hobbing cutter structure of the shaft full-face heading machine is characterized by comprising a cutter ring, wherein the cutter ring is of an annular structure, and the inner side surface of the cutter ring is designed into a shape curve u 1 The outer side surface of the cutter ring is designed into a shape curve u 2 Said shape curve u 1 With said shape curve u 2 The relationship is as follows: u. of 2 (y)＝u 1 (-y) -2ky; wherein k is the slope of the rock surface of the face, and y is the distance from the central axis of the hob.
2. The hob structure of a shaft full face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape curve u is a curve 1 Is a straight line or a circular arc or a parabola, and the shape curve u 1 With said shape curve u 2 Are mutually asymmetric surfaces; and/or the root edge of the cutter ring is in a fillet structure; and/or the widths of the two sides of the center line of the cutter ring are consistent; and/or the slope k value is the cotangent value of the rock-receiving angle of the hob cutting edge (106).
3. The hob structure of a shaft full face heading machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hob structure comprises a cutter shaft (101), a cutter cover and a cutter ring base (105); the cutter cover is arranged on the cutter shaft (101) and can be used for installing the cutter ring base body (105); the cutter ring base body (105) is of an annular structure and is fixedly sleeved on the cutter cover of the cutter shaft (101); the two side surfaces of the cutter ring base body (105) form the cutter ring.
4. The shaft full face tunnel boring machine hob structure of claim 3, characterized in that the hob structure comprises a hub (107); the cutter cover comprises an upper cutter cover (115) and a lower cutter cover (110), the upper cutter cover (115) and the lower cutter cover (110) are respectively of an annular structure, the upper cutter cover (115) and the cutter shaft (101) are integrally formed, and the lower cutter cover (110) is fixedly sleeved on the cutter shaft (101) through a fastening bolt (112); an annular cavity is formed between the upper cutter cover (115) and the lower cutter cover (110), the cutter hub (107) is fixedly arranged in the annular cavity through a bearing assembly, and the cutter ring base body (105) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the cutter hub (107) through a retainer ring (104); the shape curve u 1 The same side of the upper knife cover (115) is positioned, and the shape curve u 2 Is positioned on the same side with the lower knife cover (110).
5. The shaft full face heading machine hob structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the bearing assembly comprises a bearing inner ring (102), a bearing outer ring (109) and a bearing (113); the two bearing outer rings (109) are fixed on two sides between the cutter hub (107) and the bearing (113), and the two bearing inner rings (102) are fixed on two sides between the bearing (113) and the outer wall of the cutter shaft (101); an O-shaped ring (108) is arranged between the cutter hub (107) and the bearing outer ring (109); a space ring (114) is arranged between the two bearing inner rings (102); a sealing ring (103) is arranged between the bearing outer ring (109) and the cutter cover; an oil plug (111) is further arranged on the side wall of the lower knife cover (110).
6. The hob structure of the shaft full face heading machine according to claim 3, wherein the cutter ring base body (105) is made of 40CrNiMo or 4Cr5MoSiV 1; and/or the cutter ring base body (105) is subjected to strengthening treatment through heat treatment and WC coating.
7. A design method for a hob cutter ring of a vertical shaft full-face heading machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the inner side surface of the cutter ring of the designed hob is a shape curve u 1 ；
S2: designing the outer side surface of the cutter ring of the hob to be a shape curve u 2 (ii) a Wherein the shape curve u 1 With said shape curve u 2 The relationship is as follows: u. of 2 (y)＝u 1 (-y) -2ky; wherein k is the slope of the rock surface of the face, and y is the distance from the central axis of the hob.
8. The method for designing the hob ring of the shaft full face tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, wherein the shape curve u is a curve 1 Is a straight line or a circular arc or a parabola, and the shape curve u 1 With said shape curve u 2 Are mutually asymmetric surfaces; and/or the design method comprises the following steps: rounding off the root edge of the cutter ring; and/or the widths of the two sides of the center line of the cutter ring are consistent; and/or the slope k value is the cotangent value of the rock-receiving angle of the hob cutting edge (106); and/or the cutter ring is made of 40CrNiMo or 4Cr5MoSiV 1; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,the cutter ring is subjected to strengthening treatment through heat treatment and a WC coating.
9. A heading machine is characterized by comprising a hob (1), a cutter head (2) and a cleaning brush (4); the hob (1) is the hob structure of the vertical shaft full face heading machine in the claims 1 to 6; an installation cavity is arranged in the cutter head (2), and the cutting edge of the hob (1) is vertically downward and fixed on a cutter holder of the installation cavity through a cutter shaft (101) of the hob; the cleaning brush (4) is arranged in the cutter head (2) and is positioned at the front end of the hob (1) in the cutting direction; when the hob breaks rock, the cutter head (2) can drive the cleaning brush (4) and the hob (1) to revolve around the center of the heading machine, so that the bristles of the cleaning brush (4) are tightly attached to the rock surface, and scum on the rock surface is cleaned.
10. The heading machine according to claim 9, wherein a left tool apron (201) and a right tool apron (202) are respectively arranged on two sides in the mounting cavity; the cutting edge of the hob (1) is vertically downward and is respectively fixed at the preset positions of the left tool apron (201) and the right tool apron (202) through the two ends of a hob shaft (101) of the hob; and/or the cleaning brush (4) is made of chemical fibers and metal wires; and/or the cutting direction of the cleaning brush (4) and the hob (1) is 30-60 degrees; and/or the bottom of the cleaning brush (4) is kept attached to the rock surface; and/or the included angle alpha between the cleaning brush (4) and the cutter shaft (101) is as follows: alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210319238.5A CN114961732B (en) | 2022-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | Hob structure and cutter ring design method of vertical shaft full-face heading machine and heading machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210319238.5A CN114961732B (en) | 2022-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | Hob structure and cutter ring design method of vertical shaft full-face heading machine and heading machine |
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| CN114961732B true CN114961732B (en) | 2023-02-17 |
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| JPH1181850A (en) * | 1997-09-01 | 1999-03-26 | Taisei Corp | Vertical shaft excavator |
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| CN111898217A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-06 | 西南交通大学 | TBM bionic cutter ring edge shape design based on dog tooth structure and optimization method thereof |
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2022
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN210134936U (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-03-10 | 中铁工程装备集团隧道设备制造有限公司 | Shield constructs hobbing cutter seal structure and hobbing cutter that adapts to high water pressure environment |
| CN111898217A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-06 | 西南交通大学 | TBM bionic cutter ring edge shape design based on dog tooth structure and optimization method thereof |
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| CN114961732A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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