CN114961682B - Hydraulic fracturing device and fracturing construction method thereof - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing device and fracturing construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114961682B CN114961682B CN202210421537.XA CN202210421537A CN114961682B CN 114961682 B CN114961682 B CN 114961682B CN 202210421537 A CN202210421537 A CN 202210421537A CN 114961682 B CN114961682 B CN 114961682B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/126—Packers; Plugs with fluid-pressure-operated elastic cup or skirt
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic fracturing device and a fracturing construction method thereof, wherein the hydraulic fracturing device comprises at least two packers, wherein the packers are arranged in a borehole, the adjacent packers are communicated in series through a high-pressure pipe, at least one packer is communicated with a first high-pressure water source through the high-pressure pipe, and the hydraulic fracturing device further comprises: the hollow steel pipe wears to establish in proper order along the drilling extending direction the packer, and both ends all wear out the packer forms first and stretches out the end and the second stretches out the end, and the hollow steel pipe between two adjacent packers disposes the water hole that is linked together with the drilling, first stretching out the end and being linked together with the second high-pressure water source, the second stretches out the end and links with the check valve for when the inside water pressure of hollow steel pipe is less than the water pressure in the drilling beyond the packer, the check valve switches on. The hydraulic fracturing device can realize the pressure relief of high-pressure water in a drilled hole, prevent the packer from rushing out, and avoid the damage of the hydraulic fracturing device and the safety threat to personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal and rock exploitation, in particular to a hydraulic fracturing device and a fracturing construction method thereof.
Background
The hydraulic fracturing technology is derived from the petroleum industry, and the basic principle is as follows: and injecting high-pressure fluid into the coal stratum so as to generate cracks or expand natural cracks to form an artificial crack network, thereby achieving the aims of improving the stratum structure, increasing permeability of a coal bed or a reservoir, treating a hard roof of a coal mine, cutting roof to relieve pressure, preventing rock burst and the like. Compared with the traditional blasting technology, the hydraulic fracturing technology has the advantages of small engineering quantity, high safety, small pollution, low cost, small operation site requirement and the like, is widely used in the fields of oil gas exploitation, ground stress measurement, geothermal resource development and the like, and is gradually popularized and used in mining engineering.
Mining and tunnel hydraulic fracturing techniques are typically single-seal fracturing and double-seal fracturing. The single-seal fracturing mainly adopts a single capsule to seal the drilling hole, and can fracture all drilling hole parts at the front end of the hole packer; the dual-seal fracturing adopts a packer, two capsules are firstly inflated, then a drilling part in the middle of the two capsules is fractured, and the two capsules move in a staged manner to fracture a thick hard rock layer in a staged manner.
Because the single-seal fracturing method is used, one drilling hole can be fractured only once, and the number of generated cracks can not meet the technical requirements, the single-seal fracturing method is eliminated. Because the double-seal fracturing can be used for segmenting and layering fracturing thick hard rock stratum and can accurately fracture the hard rock stratum, the application range of the double-seal fracturing is wider.
The current application is more widely a double-seal fracturing method adopting a packer. Because the packer is used for fracturing, the packer can be fixed at any position of a drilled hole according to the design, and accurate fracturing of a hard coal stratum is realized; meanwhile, the packer can be sequentially moved to the next section after the last section of fracturing technology in the same borehole, and the process is sequentially carried out. Thus, the thick and hard rock stratum is subjected to staged fracturing, and the fracturing effect is greatly improved. Because the double-seal fracturing can be used for segmenting and layering fracturing thick hard rock stratum and can accurately fracture the hard rock stratum, the application range of the double-seal fracturing is wider. However, in the double-seal hydraulic fracturing construction process, the phenomenon that the packer punches a hole is common, namely, the packer is pushed out together with the water injection steel pipe at a high speed under the action of Duan Gao water pressure in a borehole, so that the steel pipe and the packer are easily damaged, and even safety threat is caused to personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the demands, the hydraulic fracturing device and the fracturing construction method thereof can achieve the technical purposes and bring about other technical effects due to the following technical characteristics.
An object of the present invention is to propose a hydraulic fracturing device comprising,
the packer comprises at least two expansion capsules, wherein the expansion capsules are installed in a drill hole, the adjacent expansion capsules are communicated in series through a high-pressure pipe, and at least one expansion capsule is communicated with a first high-pressure water source through the high-pressure pipe, and the packer further comprises:
the hollow steel pipe penetrates through the expansion capsules in sequence along the extending direction of the drilling hole, the two ends of the hollow steel pipe penetrate through the expansion capsules to form a first extending end and a second extending end, water holes communicated with the drilling hole are formed in the hollow steel pipe between two adjacent expansion capsules, the first extending end is communicated with a second high-pressure water source, the second extending end is connected with a one-way valve, and when the internal water pressure of the hollow steel pipe is smaller than the water pressure in the drilling hole except the packer, the one-way valve is conducted.
In the technical scheme, during fracturing construction, water is injected into the expansion capsules from a first high-pressure water source to expand the expansion capsules, so that a sealed space is formed by drilling holes between two adjacent expansion capsules, then water is injected into the hollow steel pipe from a second high-pressure water source, high-pressure water is discharged from the water holes to the sealed space and fractures a rock stratum, in the process, the water pressure inside the hollow steel pipe is greater than the pressure inside the outer drilling holes, and the one-way valve is closed; after the fracturing is finished, stopping water injection from the second high-pressure water source to the hollow steel pipe, gradually reducing the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe, opening the one-way valve when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe is reduced to zero, and enabling the high-pressure water flowing back from the rock stratum in the drilling hole to flow outwards through the one-way valve until the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe and the water pressure in the drilling hole are reduced to 0Mpa; opening a pressure release valve of the packer, releasing pressure of the packer to shrink, moving the hydraulic fracturing device to the next section of the drill hole, and repeating the operation until the fracturing is completed; the hydraulic fracturing device can realize the pressure relief of high-pressure water in a drilled hole, prevent the packer from rushing out, and avoid the damage of the hydraulic fracturing device and the safety threat to personnel.
In addition, the hydraulic fracturing device and the construction method thereof according to the invention can also have the following technical characteristics:
in one example of the present invention, the check valve includes:
the valve body is internally provided with a guide cavity, and two ends of the guide cavity are provided with a first port and a second port which are opened;
a valve ball fitted at the second port;
and an elastic member having one end coupled to the guide chamber and the other end coupled to the valve ball such that the valve ball has a tendency to move from the first port toward the second port to block the second port.
In one example of the present invention, the guide cavity includes a first chamber and a second chamber that are sequentially communicated along a first direction, and a protrusion is formed at a junction of the first chamber and the second chamber such that an outer diameter of a portion of the second chamber where the second chamber is connected to the first chamber is smaller than an outer diameter of the valve ball.
In one example of the invention, the high pressure tube between two adjacent expansion capsules is a hose.
In one example of the present invention, the water holes include a plurality of water holes, and the plurality of water holes are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the hollow steel pipe.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method of the hydraulic fracturing device, which comprises the following steps:
s10: drilling a borehole in the rock formation;
s20: installing a pre-assembled hydraulic fracturing device at a designated position of the drill hole, injecting a first high-pressure water source into the expansion capsule through a high-pressure pipe, expanding the expansion capsule, and forming a closed space between two adjacent expansion capsules;
s30: the second high-pressure water source is used for injecting water into the hollow steel pipe, the high-pressure water is discharged from the water hole to the closed space and fractures the rock stratum, in the process, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe is higher than the pressure in the external drilling hole, and the one-way valve is closed;
s40: after the fracturing is finished, stopping water injection from the second high-pressure water source to the hollow steel pipe, opening a pressure relief valve arranged on a main pipeline at the tail end of the hollow steel pipe, gradually reducing the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe, opening a one-way valve when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe is reduced to zero, and allowing the high-pressure water flowing back from the rock stratum in the drill hole to flow outwards through the one-way valve until the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe and the water pressure in the drill hole are reduced to 0Mpa;
s50: and (3) opening a pressure release valve of the packer, releasing pressure and contracting the packer, moving the hydraulic fracturing device to the next section of the drill hole, and repeating the steps S20 to S40 until the fracturing is completed.
In one example of the invention, the high pressure tube between two adjacent expansion capsules is a hose.
Preferred embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that the features and advantages of the present invention can be easily understood.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly explain the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating some embodiments of the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic fracturing device of the prior art (pre-inflation state of an inflation bladder) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic fracturing device of the prior art (after inflation of an inflation bladder) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hydraulic fracturing device of the prior art (punched state) according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a hydraulic fracturing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a check valve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals:
drilling 200;
a closed space 210;
existing hydraulic fracturing apparatus 100';
hydraulic fracturing apparatus 100;
a packer 110;
a high pressure pipe 120;
hollow steel pipe 130;
a first extension 131;
a second extension 132;
a water hole 133;
a check valve 140;
a valve body 141;
a guide cavity 142;
a first chamber 1421;
a second chamber 1422;
a first port 142A;
a second port 142B;
a valve ball 143;
an elastic member 144;
a protrusion 145;
a solid head 150.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the technical solutions of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like parts. It should be noted that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims, are not used for any order, quantity, or importance, but are used for distinguishing between different elements. Likewise, the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not necessarily denote a limitation of quantity. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
The hydraulic fracturing technology is originally derived from the petroleum industry and is mainly used for oil gas development, is widely applied to aspects of coal mine roof treatment, coal seam permeability improvement, rock burst control, roof cutting pressure relief, in-situ ground stress measurement and the like, and is used for deep tunnel and metal mine rock burst treatment and geothermal resource development. The method has important application prospect in the fields of underground gasification, combustible ice development and the like.
The control of the hard roof in the coal mine, the promotion of the caving of the hard roof on the fully mechanized caving face, the rock burst, the gas extraction of the low-permeability coal seam and the like are technical problems which restrict the safe and efficient extraction of the coal mine. The common methods for solving the technical problems relate to hydraulic fracturing technology of coal rock mass, namely, the hydraulic fracture is artificially increased in the coal rock mass to carry out structural transformation, so that the strength weakening, the fracture blocking degree, the permeability improvement and the like are realized. In recent years, mechanized tunneling of a rock roadway and invasion of a fully mechanized mining working face into faults or conglomerates all cause reduction of mechanized cutting efficiency, and hydraulic presplitting is required to weaken a hard rock mass.
The basic principle of hydraulic fracturing is as follows: drilling holes are first constructed in a designated coal or rock formation, and high pressure water is injected into the coal or rock mass using a high pressure pump to provide a primary joint. The crack propagates or generates new cracks, forming a hydraulic crack of a certain shape. The method not only can solve the technical problems of fracture/weakening of a hard roof in a coal mine, promotion and block control of hard roof coal, stress transfer quantity control, reduction of rock burst risk, coal seam/reservoir fracturing permeability increase and the like, but also can realize pre-fracturing softening of a rock roadway to be tunneled, a coal face fault and an invasive rock mass through a hydraulic fracturing technology, and can improve block control of the ore body and reduce use of initiating explosive devices through the stitch meshing pre-fracturing of the metal mine ore body, thereby ensuring safe and efficient mining of the coal and the metal mine.
Compared with the traditional blasting technology, the hydraulic fracturing technology has the advantages of small engineering quantity, high safety, small pollution, low cost, small operation site requirement and the like. Thus, hydraulic fracturing is an important technique for mine replacement powder blasting.
The hydraulic fracturing construction mainly comprises three steps: punching, water injection fracturing and effect observation. In the water injection fracturing step, the hole sealing device connected with the high-pressure pipeline is firstly sent to the formulated position of the drill hole 200, then the packer 110 is pressed and expanded to achieve the purpose of plugging the drill hole 200, and then the pump is further started to perform water injection, so that the coal or rock mass is fractured after entering the drill hole 200 through the hollow hole sealing device.
In hydraulic fracturing construction, the hole sealing device is extremely critical equipment, because the hole sealing effect, reliability and operation efficiency directly determine the hydraulic fracturing implementation effect. At present, the fracturing modes can be divided into single-seal fracturing and double-seal fracturing according to the different hole sealing modes, wherein the single-seal fracturing adopts a hole packer of a single capsule to seal the hole, namely after the hole packer capsule is expanded, a front-section one-way valve 140 of the hole packer is opened, and then high-pressure water flows out of the inner part of a fracturing drill hole 200 from the front section of the hole packer; the existing hydraulic fracturing device 100' uses two packers 110 connected in series to seal the hole, i.e. after the packers 110 are inflated, high pressure water enters the middle part of the two inflated capsules, thereby fracturing the borehole 200. Because of the single seal fracturing method, one borehole 200 can be fractured only once, and the number of generated cracks does not meet the technical requirements, the method is eliminated gradually.
The current hydraulic fracturing apparatus 100' that is currently in wide use is a double-seal fracturing method employing a packer 110. Because the fracturing with the packer 110 can be fixed at any position of the borehole 200 according to the design, accurate fracturing of the hard coal formation is realized; while the packer 110 may be sequentially moved to the next stage, and so on, after the last stage of fracturing technique in the same borehole 200. Thus, the thick and hard rock stratum is subjected to staged fracturing, and the fracturing effect is greatly improved. Because the double-seal fracturing can be used for segmenting and layering fracturing thick hard rock stratum and can accurately fracture the hard rock stratum, the application range of the double-seal fracturing is wider.
In the double-seal fracturing specific construction process, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the double-seal packer 110 has a double waterway: the first waterway is a manual pump connecting the capsule of the packer 110 with the outside, and aims to expand the capsule of the packer 110 in a way of pressurizing by the manual pump; the second waterway is to connect the water outlet in the middle of the two capsules of the packer 110 with the high-pressure water injection pump, so that the high-pressure water output by the high-pressure water injection pump enters the two capsules to promote the rock stratum to be broken. During fracturing, high-pressure water expands the packer 110 through the high-pressure hose, so that two sides of the drill hole 200 are blocked by the packer 110, then the high-pressure water is injected through the hollow steel pipe 130, and released through the round small opening of the hollow steel pipe 130 to perform hydraulic fracturing. When the pressure is released, the packer 110 is released again after the water in the drill pipe is drained.
However, in the hydraulic fracturing construction process, because the end of the packer 110 is sealed by the solid seal head 150, the phenomenon that the packer 110 is punched is common, that is, the packer 110 is pushed out together with the water injection steel pipe at a high speed under the high water pressure action of the inner section of the borehole 200 by the packer 110, so that the steel pipe and the packer 110 are easily damaged, and even safety threat is caused to personnel. The mechanism by which the packer 110 performs the punching action is: when the lower section is fractured, the crack is conducted to the crack at the inner section of the drill hole 200, and enters the inner section of the drill hole 200 through the crack at the inner section. When the fracturing process is finished, the rock stratum is rapidly closed to force high-pressure water in the rock stratum to flow backwards, and if the pressure relief capsule of the packer 110 is contracted at this time, the punching phenomenon that the packer 110 and the water injection steel pipe fly out occurs.
How does this phenomenon of preventing the packer 110 from flushing out during hydraulic fracturing be eliminated? The most critical is that the high-pressure water returned by closing the rock stratum accumulated in the drill hole 200 is released in advance before the pressure of the packer 110 is relieved and contracted, so that the construction safety can be ensured. In view of the above, a novel hole sealing device for preventing punching is provided.
A hydraulic fracturing apparatus 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, 5, comprises,
a packer 110 comprising at least two inflatable capsules 111, the inflatable capsules 111 being mounted within a borehole 200, adjacent inflatable capsules 111 being in series communication via a high pressure pipe 120, wherein at least one inflatable capsule 111 is in communication with a first high pressure water source via the high pressure pipe 120; the borehole 200 is a blind hole drilled in the formation, and a closed space is created in the borehole after the packer 110 is inflated by installing the packer 110 in the borehole 200.
Further comprises: the hollow steel pipes 130 sequentially penetrate through the expansion capsules 111 along the extending direction of the drilling 200, and the two ends of the hollow steel pipes 130 penetrate through the expansion capsules 111 to form a first extending end 131 and a second extending end 132, the hollow steel pipes 130 between two adjacent expansion capsules 111 are provided with water holes 133 communicated with the drilling 200, the first extending end 131 is communicated with a second high-pressure water source, the second extending end 132 is connected with the one-way valve 140, and when the internal water pressure of the hollow steel pipes 130 is smaller than the water pressure in the drilling 200 except the packer 110, the one-way valve 140 is conducted; otherwise, the check valve 140 is closed. It should be noted that, the expansion capsule 111 and the hollow steel tube 130 are mutually independent, the hollow steel tube 130 is only provided with the expansion capsule 111 in a penetrating way, and no connection relationship exists between the two.
That is, during the fracturing construction, the expansion capsules 111 are expanded by injecting water into the expansion capsules 111 from the first high-pressure water source, so that the sealed space 210 is formed by the drill holes 200 between two adjacent expansion capsules 111, then the sealed space 210 is injected into the hollow steel pipe 130 from the second high-pressure water source, the high-pressure water is discharged from the water holes 133 and fractures the rock stratum, in this process, the water pressure inside the hollow steel pipe 130 is greater than the water pressure inside the outer drill holes 200, and the check valve 140 is closed; after the fracturing is finished, the second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is gradually reduced, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is reduced to zero, the one-way valve 140 is opened, and the high-pressure water flowing back from the rock stratum in the drill hole 200 flows outwards through the one-way valve 140 until the water pressures in the hollow steel pipe 130 and the drill hole 200 are reduced to 0Mpa; opening a pressure release valve of the packer 110, releasing the pressure of the packer 110 to shrink, moving the hydraulic fracturing device 100 to the next section of the drill hole 200, and repeating the operation until the fracturing is completed; the hydraulic fracturing device 100 can realize the pressure relief of high-pressure water in the drilling hole 200, prevent the packer 110 from being flushed out, and avoid the damage to the hydraulic fracturing device 100 and the safety threat to personnel.
In one example of the present invention, the check valve 140 includes:
a valve body 141 having a guide chamber 142 therein, and both ends of the guide chamber 142 having a first port 142A and a second port 142B which are opened;
a valve ball 143 fitted in the second port 142B;
a resilient member 144 having one end coupled to the guide chamber 142 and the other end coupled to the valve ball 143 such that the valve ball 143 has a tending force to move from the first port 142A toward the second port 142B to block the second port 142B;
that is, when the hollow steel pipe 130 is filled with water from the second high-pressure water source, the high-pressure water is discharged from the water hole 133 to the closed space 210 and fractures the rock layer, in the process, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is greater than the pressure in the outer drilling 200, the valve ball 143 is always abutted against the second port 142B under the action of the water pressure and the elastic member 144, and the check valve 140 is in a closed state; after the fracturing is finished, the second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 gradually decreases, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 decreases to zero, the valve ball 143 is pushed by the reverse-flow high pressure in the rock stratum in the drill hole 200 to move towards the direction away from the first port 142A of the second port 142B, so that the one-way valve 140 is in an opened state.
In one example of the present invention, the guide cavity 142 includes a first chamber 1421 and a second chamber 1422 which are sequentially communicated along a first direction, and a protrusion 145 is formed at a junction of the first chamber 1421 and the second chamber 1422 such that an outer diameter of a portion where the second chamber 1422 is connected to the first chamber 1421 is smaller than an outer diameter of the valve ball 143;
that is, the outer diameter of the valve ball 143 is smaller than that of the first chamber 1421, so that the valve ball 143 can reciprocate along the extension direction of the first chamber 1421 under the action of the elastic member 144; due to the presence of the protrusion 145, the outer diameter of the valve ball 143 is larger than the inner diameter of the junction of the second chamber 1422 and the first chamber 1421, so that the valve ball 143 can be stopped by the protrusion 145, thereby closing the guide chamber 142;
specifically, when the second high-pressure water source is used for injecting water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the high-pressure water is discharged from the water hole 133 to the closed space 210 and fractures the rock stratum, in the process, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is greater than the pressure in the outer drilling 200, and under the action of the water pressure and the elastic piece 144, the valve ball 143 is always abutted against the protrusion 145, so that the guide cavity 142 is closed, and the one-way valve 140 is in a closed state; after the fracturing is finished, the second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 gradually decreases, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 decreases to zero, the valve ball 143 is pushed by the reverse-flow high pressure in the rock stratum in the drill hole 200 to move towards the direction of the first port 142A deviating from the second port 142B, and the valve ball 143 is separated from the bulge 145, so that the guide cavity 142 is conducted, and the one-way valve 140 is in an opened state.
In one example of the invention, the high pressure tube 120 between two adjacent expansion capsules 111 is a hose; preferably, the inner diameter of the high-pressure pipe 120 is 4mm to 6mm.
Because the expansion capsules 111 are expanded after being injected into the first high-pressure water source, and the expansion capsules 111 are communicated in series, two adjacent expansion capsules 111 are sequentially expanded, so that deformation deviation of the two expansion capsules 111 can be caused, the high-pressure pipe 120 connecting the two expansion capsules 111 is moved and deformed, flexible connection can be formed between the two adjacent expansion capsules 111 by arranging a high-pressure hose between the expansion capsules 111, and damage to the high-pressure pipe 120 due to expansion lag of the two expansion capsules 111 is avoided.
In one example of the present invention, the water hole 133 has an oblong structure; the oblong structure is a graph formed by selecting two points on the same straight line on a circle or selecting two arc lines at two ends of the circle which are symmetrical with respect to a circle, and stretching the circle along the straight line or the arc lines. For example, the oblong water holes 133 may be as shown in fig. 4. The water holes 133 are provided in an oblong structure to increase the flow rate of the water holes 133.
In one example of the present invention, the water holes 133 include a plurality of water holes 133, and the plurality of water holes 133 are spaced apart along the extending direction of the hollow steel pipe 130;
by arranging the water holes 133 along the extending direction of the hollow steel pipe 130, the rock stratum is more uniformly fractured in the closed space 210 between the two adjacent expansion capsules 111, and the fracturing effect is better.
In one example of the invention, the pressure value of the first high-pressure water source is 10mpa to 15mpa, and the pressure value of the second high-pressure water source is 15mpa to 70mpa;
generally, the high-pressure pipe 120 is connected to the first high-pressure pump, so that high-pressure water with a pressure value of 10mpa to 15mpa is pumped into the expansion capsule 111, and the hollow steel pipe 130 is connected to the second high-pressure pump, so that high-pressure water with a pressure value of 15mpa to 70mpa is pumped into the hollow steel pipe 130.
A construction method of the hydraulic fracturing device 100 according to the second aspect of the present invention includes the following steps:
s10: drilling a borehole 200 in a formation;
s20: installing the pre-assembled hydraulic fracturing device 100 at a designated position of the drill hole 200, and injecting a first high-pressure water source into the expansion capsules 111 through the high-pressure pipe 120, wherein the expansion capsules 111 are expanded, and a closed space 210 is formed between two adjacent expansion capsules 111;
s30: the second high-pressure water source fills water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the high-pressure water is discharged from the water hole 133 to the closed space 210 and fractures the rock stratum, in the process, the water pressure inside the hollow steel pipe 130 is greater than the pressure inside the external drilling 200, and the check valve 140 is closed;
s40: after the fracturing is finished, the second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is gradually reduced, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is reduced to zero, the one-way valve 140 is opened, and the high-pressure water flowing back from the rock stratum in the drill hole 200 flows outwards through the one-way valve 140 until the water pressures in the hollow steel pipe 130 and the drill hole 200 are reduced to 0Mpa;
s50: opening the pressure release valve of the packer 110, releasing the pressure of the packer 110 to shrink, moving the hydraulic fracturing device 100 to the next section of the borehole 200 and repeating steps S20 to S40 until the fracturing is completed.
That is, the hydraulic fracturing device 100 is used for fracturing the drill hole 200 in a staged manner, so that the fracturing effect is greatly improved; by the fracturing method, the pressure of high-pressure water in the drilling hole 200 can be relieved, the packer 110 is prevented from being flushed out, and damage to the hydraulic fracturing device 100 and safety threat to personnel are avoided.
While exemplary embodiments of the hydraulic fracturing device 100 and the method of constructing the same as set forth herein have been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that numerous variations and modifications may be made to the specific embodiments described above without departing from the spirit of the invention, and that numerous combinations of the various features and structures set forth herein may be devised without departing from the scope of the invention, which is determined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A hydraulic fracturing device comprises a hydraulic fracturing device, a hydraulic fracturing device and a hydraulic fracturing device,
packer (110), comprising at least two expansion capsules (111), the expansion capsules (111) being installed in a borehole (200), adjacent expansion capsules (111) being in series communication through a high pressure pipe (120), wherein at least one expansion capsule (111) is in communication with a first high pressure water source through the high pressure pipe (120), characterized in that it further comprises:
the hollow steel pipes (130) sequentially penetrate through the expansion capsules (111) along the extending direction of the drilling holes (200), the two ends of each hollow steel pipe penetrate through the expansion capsules (111) to form a first extending end (131) and a second extending end (132), water holes (133) communicated with the drilling holes (200) are formed in the hollow steel pipes (130) between two adjacent expansion capsules (111), the first extending ends (131) are communicated with a second high-pressure water source, the second extending ends (132) are connected with one-way valves (140), and when the internal water pressure of the hollow steel pipes (130) is smaller than the water pressure in the drilling holes (200) except the packer (110), the one-way valves (140) are communicated;
after the fracturing is finished, stopping filling water into the hollow steel pipe (130) from the second high-pressure water source, gradually reducing the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130), opening the one-way valve (140) when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130) is reduced to zero, and enabling the high-pressure water flowing back from the rock stratum in the drill hole (200) to flow outwards through the one-way valve (140) until the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130) and the water pressure in the drill hole (200) are reduced to 0Mpa; the hydraulic fracturing device (100) can relieve pressure of high-pressure water in a drill hole (200), prevent a packer (110) from being flushed out, and avoid damage to the hydraulic fracturing device (100) and safety threat to personnel.
2. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
the one-way valve (140) comprises:
a valve body (141) having a guide chamber (142) inside, and both ends of the guide chamber (142) having a first port (142A) and a second port (142B) opened;
a valve ball (143) fitted in the second port (142B);
and an elastic member (144) having one end coupled to the guide chamber (142) and the other end coupled to the valve ball (143), such that the valve ball (143) has a tending force to move from the first port (142A) toward the second port (142B) to block the second port (142B).
3. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein,
the guide cavity (142) comprises a first cavity (1421) and a second cavity (1422) which are sequentially communicated along a first direction, and a bulge (145) is formed at the joint of the first cavity (1421) and the second cavity (1422), so that the outer diameter of the part, connected with the first cavity (1421), of the second cavity (1422) is smaller than the outer diameter of the valve ball (143).
4. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
the high-pressure tube (120) between two adjacent expansion capsules (111) is a hose.
5. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
the pressure value of the first high-pressure water source is 10 mpa-15 mpa, and the pressure value of the second high-pressure water source is 15 mpa-70 mpa.
6. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein,
the water holes (133) include a plurality of water holes, and the plurality of water holes (133) are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the hollow steel pipe (130).
7. A method of constructing a hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s10: -creating a borehole (200) in the rock formation;
s20: installing a pre-assembled hydraulic fracturing device (100) at a designated position of the drill hole (200), injecting a first high-pressure water source into the expansion capsules (111) through a high-pressure pipe (120), expanding the expansion capsules (111), and forming a closed space (210) between two adjacent expansion capsules (111);
s30: the second high-pressure water source is used for injecting water into the hollow steel pipe (130), the high-pressure water is discharged from the water hole (133) to the closed space (210) and fractures the rock stratum, in the process, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130) is higher than the pressure in the external drilling hole (200), and the one-way valve (140) is closed;
s40: after the fracturing is finished, stopping filling water into the hollow steel pipe (130) from the second high-pressure water source, opening a pressure relief valve arranged on a main pipeline at the tail end of the hollow steel pipe (130), gradually reducing the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130), opening a one-way valve (140) when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130) is reduced to zero, and enabling the high-pressure water flowing back from the rock stratum in the drill hole (200) to flow outwards through the one-way valve (140) until the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130) and the water pressure in the drill hole (200) are reduced to 0Mpa;
s50: opening a pressure release valve of the packer (110), releasing the pressure of the packer (110) to shrink, moving the hydraulic fracturing device (100) to the next section of the drill hole (200), and repeating the steps S20 to S40 until the fracturing is completed.
8. The method of constructing a hydraulic fracturing unit according to claim 7, wherein,
the high-pressure tube (120) between two adjacent expansion capsules (111) is a hose.
9. The method of constructing a hydraulic fracturing unit according to claim 7, wherein,
the pressure value of the first high-pressure water source is 10 mpa-15 mpa, and the pressure value of the second high-pressure water source is 15 mpa-70 mpa.
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