CN114959154B - Material distribution method of shaft furnace of European smelting furnace - Google Patents
Material distribution method of shaft furnace of European smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN114959154B CN114959154B CN202210731647.6A CN202210731647A CN114959154B CN 114959154 B CN114959154 B CN 114959154B CN 202210731647 A CN202210731647 A CN 202210731647A CN 114959154 B CN114959154 B CN 114959154B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
- C21B13/023—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a burden distribution method of a shaft furnace of an European smelting furnace, which utilizes the unique structure of the European smelting furnace, avoids the defects of upward shift of the position of a blast furnace reflow zone, bonding of a blast furnace body, obstruction of edge airflow development, blast furnace air quantity atrophy, pressure difference rise, air permeability deterioration and the like caused by high scrap ratio in the blast furnace, can greatly improve the charging proportion of the European smelting furnace scrap, and reduces fuel consumption; the specific process comprises the following steps: stock bin, feeding main belt, vertical adhesive tape machine, horizontal conveying belt, feeding tank, middle tank, discharging tank, ore distributor and shaft furnace; the alkaline sinter, the acid pellet, the raw ore and the diced coke realize annular distribution mode through a distributing chute of an ore distributor, the shape of the material surface is controlled, and two airflow modes of the edge and the center are formed; the weight percentage of the shaft furnace structure is as follows: 35% of sintered ore, 55% of pellet ore, 4% of raw ore and 6% of diced coke; cloth gear: ore wire: 1/0, 2/0, 3/0, 4/0.3, 5/1, 6/1, 7/1, 8/0.2; 3. the material distributing time of the ore distributing device is 260s, and the shaft furnace is charged in a material level meter mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a distribution method of a vertical furnace of a European smelting furnace.
Background
The precursor COREX furnace of the European smelting furnace, the COREX smelting reduction method is a non-coking iron-making technology developed by the Olympic Union, and is the only smelting reduction technology for realizing industrialization. The prior process of iron and steel enterprises is used for producing molten iron for the steelmaking process through COREX smelting reduction iron making. The earliest COREX shaft furnace distributor adopts a spider foot distributor, and the earliest C1000 shaft furnace distributor is developed to the earliest C2000 shaft furnace distributor from the earliest C1000 shaft furnace distributor to the earliest C2000 shaft furnace distributor, but with the enlargement of the diameter of the C3000 shaft furnace, the fixed distribution mode can not adapt to the change of furnace conditions. In order to improve the flexibility of the distribution mode, dynamic distributors have been developed later. The treasured steel C3000 is named as a COREX furnace after being moved to eight steels by resource optimization configuration requirements, a shaft furnace dynamic distributor of the C3000 is used in the early stage of opening of a shaft furnace of the European smelting furnace, and the shaft furnace dynamic distributor has the following defects and disadvantages in the production process of the European smelting furnace:
1. equipment defects: the development and use experience of the treasured steel C3000 dynamic distributor show that three parts are mainly invalid, and the C-3000 furnace is correspondingly improved. (1) Bearing failure: the bearing is in a severe high-temperature environment for a long time, so that good lubrication cannot be obtained, and the bearing fails. (2) Failure of the connecting chute: the connecting accessory of the connecting chute is damaged, and the connecting accessory is easy to deform and break due to the influence of force generated by the hydraulic cylinder and high temperature, so that the connecting accessory cannot work normally. (3) Failure of the distribution chute: wear and deformation failure due to the long term operation of the distribution chute in a high temperature environment.
2. The technical defects are as follows: the burden is directly dropped into the furnace through the chute discharge port by the dynamic distributor of the European smelting furnace shaft furnace to cause inaccurate distribution, and the distribution is uneven due to inconsistent width of the material surface of each circular ring in the furnace and stronger rolling property of the pellets. If the shaft furnace adopts a tiled distribution mode or an A-shaped distribution mode, the pressure difference of the shaft furnace is greatly increased, and the metallization rate is reduced. The gas flow at the edge is difficult to control and develop, the surrounding pipe of the shaft furnace is easy to damage, the initial gas flow rate of the gas entering the shaft furnace at the surrounding pipe is reduced, the kinetic energy is insufficient, the gas is difficult to penetrate into the center of the shaft furnace, the gas flow at the edge is strong, and the gas utilization rate is reduced. And the edge over-blowing causes the furnace burden of the shaft furnace to be bonded, so that the DRI downcomer is frequently blocked, and the production operation rate and stability are seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a distribution method of a vertical furnace of an European smelting furnace, aiming at the defects of the dynamic distributor of the vertical furnace of the European smelting furnace.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a burden distribution method of a shaft furnace of an European smelting furnace, which comprises the following specific steps: stock bin, feeding main belt, vertical adhesive tape machine, horizontal conveying belt, feeding tank, middle tank, discharging tank, ore distributor and shaft furnace;
the alkaline sinter, the acid pellet, the raw ore and the diced coke realize annular distribution mode through a distributing chute of an ore distributor, the shape of the material surface is controlled, and two airflow modes of the edge and the center are formed;
presetting a distribution gear, and distributing the batch into the current batch according to the distribution gear and the distribution sequence from the edge to the center of the shaft furnace; after the current batch of cloth is finished, acquiring the actual cloth time; judging whether the difference value between the actual cloth time and the preset total cloth time meets preset cloth correction conditions or not; if the difference value between the actual distribution time and the preset distribution time meets the preset distribution correction condition, and when the next heat of the current heat is distributed, the valve opening of the material distributing flow valve is regulated according to the difference value until the distribution error meets the preset error range; when the distribution of the current furnace is in error, when the next batch of the current batch is distributed, self-learning is carried out according to the difference value between the actual total distribution time and the preset total distribution time, so that the opening of a valve is adjusted, and the distribution accuracy of the distribution thickness of the alkaline sinter, the acid pellets, the raw ore and the coke breeze of the next batch and the subsequent furnace of the next batch is improved;
the preset cloth gear is specifically as follows:
setting a material line: 1.5m; setting gears, namely setting according to 8 gears, setting the distribution time to be 0 degree from 260s at the initial angle and 360 degrees at the final angle;
the distribution period of one batch of the shaft furnace is that the time of returning a distribution gear material from the center to the edge to the center is set to 260S, annular distribution is adopted, the starting angle of one distribution gear is 0, the ending angle is 360 degrees, the distribution thickness of each gear is a relative value, and the distribution time on each gear is calculated according to the circulation time and the relative distribution thickness; the rotation speed, namely how many revolutions per minute the distributing device rotates, is set to 6 revolutions per minute; the rotation direction is selected to be clockwise, and different inclination angles of the distributing device correspond to different gears;
the material distribution period of one batch of the shaft furnace is that the material is discharged from the opening of the material flow valve, and the material flow valve is automatically closed after the material flow valve is fully opened after the material flow valve is completely distributed; the opening of the mineral flow valve is automatically adjusted according to the distribution time of each batch, the distribution time of each batch is 260 seconds, the actual distribution time exceeds the set time, the mineral flow valve is automatically opened when the next batch is distributed, the actual distribution time is lower than the set time, the mineral flow valve is automatically closed when the next batch is distributed, and the mineral flow valve is not stabilized at the opening until the deviation between the actual distribution time of the batch and the set time is not more than 5 seconds;
the burden distribution method finally controls the width of a furnace burden section platform of the shaft furnace, controls the width of the burden surface platform at about 5/3 of the radius of the throat of the shaft furnace, controls the angle difference of burden distribution, adjusts the initial angle and the final angle of burden distribution, adjusts the width of the platform at about 2m and the depth of a funnel at about 1.5m, and forms a V-shaped burden surface; the angular difference between the two gears of the cloth matrix is not more than 5.5 degrees at maximum.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. burden is distributed through a chute outlet blanking groove, so that burden forms a circulation curve of various circular arcs with different sizes along a distribution circular line, the problems that the position of a burden in a European smelting furnace shaft furnace dynamic distributor directly falls into the furnace through a chute discharge hole is inaccurate, the distribution is uneven due to inconsistent width of each circular charge surface in the furnace and strong rolling property of pellets are solved, the height difference of different charge surfaces in the furnace is reduced, the distribution uniformity of the European smelting furnace shaft furnace is improved, the precise and reasonable distribution, particularly the fixed-point distribution and pellet distribution accuracy are realized, and positive effects are provided for improving the utilization rate of gas flow, and the metallization rate of the shaft furnace and stabilizing the furnace condition. The metallization rate of the shaft furnace is increased from 49.8 percent to 60 percent
2 the vertical furnace material flow valve overcomes the gravity action of furnace materials in the charging bucket, and through automatic compensation adjustment of the opening of the vertical furnace material flow valve, the phenomenon that the front-stage material flow is generally higher than the rear-stage material flow in the material distribution process, and the material distribution thickness and the front-back inconsistent phenomenon of the material flow center drop point are avoided. Accurate cloth is realized, and more uniform and reasonable cloth is realized.
3, after being regulated into V-shaped cloth, the central gas flow can be developed to reduce the pressure difference, and a balance point is found between the pressure difference and the metallization rate.
The furnace top of the shaft furnace is controlled by using a bell-less device, the burden is distributed into the furnace by using a gear box for bell-less equipment through the rotation of a chute, the structural characteristic of the distributor is that the rotation of the chute depends on the structure of a rotary cylinder, the sealing of the rotary cylinder and the fixed part of the distributor is sealed by nitrogen, and meanwhile, the nitrogen can also be used as cooling gas. The equipment eliminates three component failures of a dynamic distributor of the vertical furnace of the European smelting furnace, (1) bearing failures and (2) connecting chute failures. (3) Failure of the distribution chute improves the stability of the apparatus. The burden distribution method of the non-blast furnace European smelting furnace shaft furnace burden distribution device generally adopts a mode of sequentially layering and distributing alkaline sinter, acid pellet, raw ore and coke, namely small coke and ore are respectively and alternately distributed in the furnace, a 'platform+funnel' -shaped burden surface shape with a platform is formed on the furnace top after the burden enters the furnace, and generally, the burden surface shape is relatively regular and balanced, and the burden surface height is basically uniform.
According to the method, through adjusting the distribution mode of the shaft furnace, the technological parameters of the shaft furnace and the unique structure of the shaft furnace, the phenomenon that the position of a blast furnace reflow zone moves upwards in a blast furnace due to high scrap ratio is avoided, the blast furnace body is stuck, the development of edge airflow is hindered, the blast furnace air quantity is atrophic, the pressure difference is increased, the air permeability is poor, the operation is difficult, the defects of influence on productivity and smooth operation due to the unsmooth blast furnace condition are overcome, the scrap steel charging proportion of the shaft furnace can be greatly improved, and the yield is improved; greatly reduces the fuel consumption and further reduces the emission of CO 2.
Detailed Description
A burden distribution method of a shaft furnace of an European smelting furnace, which comprises the following specific steps: stock bin, feeding main belt, vertical adhesive tape machine, horizontal conveying belt, feeding tank, middle tank, discharging tank, ore distributor and shaft furnace;
the alkaline sinter, the acid pellet, the raw ore and the diced coke realize annular distribution mode through a distributing chute of an ore distributor, the shape of the material surface is controlled, and two airflow modes of the edge and the center are formed;
presetting a distribution gear, and distributing the batch into the current batch according to the distribution gear and the distribution sequence from the edge to the center of the shaft furnace; after the current batch of cloth is finished, acquiring the actual cloth time; judging whether the difference value between the actual cloth time and the preset total cloth time meets preset cloth correction conditions or not; if the difference value between the actual distribution time and the preset distribution time meets the preset distribution correction condition, and when the next heat of the current heat is distributed, the valve opening of the material distributing flow valve is regulated according to the difference value until the distribution error meets the preset error range; when the distribution of the current furnace is in error, when the next batch of the current batch is distributed, self-learning is carried out according to the difference value between the actual total distribution time and the preset total distribution time, so that the opening degree of a valve is adjusted (opened or closed), the distribution thickness distribution precision of the alkali sinters, the acid pellets, the raw ores and the diced coke of the next batch and the subsequent furnace of the next batch is improved, and the problem that the distribution thickness of the alkali sinters, the acid pellets, the raw ores and the diced coke cannot reach the set relative thickness due to the fact that the batch is too fast distributed is avoided; too slow batch distribution can also be avoided, the phenomenon that the ore raw materials are excessive is caused, the stable and controllable distribution of the ore raw material surface is ensured, and the stability of the central gas flow and the edge gas flow of the shaft furnace is further ensured.
The preset cloth gear is specifically as follows:
setting a material line: 1.5m.
Setting gears, namely setting according to 8 gears, setting the distribution time from 260s, setting the initial angle to 0 degree, setting the final angle to 360 degrees, and displaying as follows
1 (gear)/0 (radius R)/0 (cloth relative thickness)/10 (cloth angle);
2 (gear)/0.4 (radius R)/0 (cloth relative thickness)/13 (cloth angle);
3 (gear)/0.8 (radius R)/0.8 (cloth relative thickness)/17 (cloth angle);
4 (gear)/1.2 (radius R)/1 (cloth relative thickness)/21.5 (cloth angle);
5 (gear)/1.6 (radius R)/1 (cloth relative thickness)/25.5 (cloth angle);
6 (gear)/2.0 (radius R)/1 (cloth relative thickness)/31 (cloth angle);
7 (gear)/2.4 (radius R)/1 (cloth relative thickness)/36.5 (cloth angle);
8 (gear)/2.8 (radius R)/0.4 (cloth relative thickness)/40.5 (cloth angle);
the distribution period of one batch of the shaft furnace is that the time of returning the distribution gear material from the center to the edge to the center is set to 260S, the annular distribution is adopted, the starting angle of one distribution gear is 0, the ending angle is 360 degrees, the distribution thickness of each gear is a relative value, and the distribution time on each gear is calculated according to the circulation time and the relative distribution thickness. The rotation speed, i.e. how many revolutions per minute the distributor rotates, is set to 6 revolutions per minute. The rotation direction is selected to be clockwise, and different inclination angles of the distributing device correspond to different gears.
The material distribution cycle of one batch of the shaft furnace is that the material is discharged from the opening of the material flow valve, and the material flow valve is automatically closed after the material flow valve is fully opened after the material is distributed. The aperture of the mineral flow valve is automatically adjusted according to the distribution time of each batch, the distribution time of each batch is 260 seconds, the actual distribution time exceeds the set time, the mineral flow valve is automatically opened when the next batch is distributed, the actual distribution time is lower than the set time, the mineral flow valve is automatically closed when the next batch is distributed, and the mineral flow valve is not stabilized at an aperture until the deviation between the actual distribution time of the batch and the set time is not more than 5 seconds. Typical flow valve openings are typically 15-22%, corresponding to a distribution time of 260 seconds.
The burden distribution method finally controls the width of a furnace burden section platform of the shaft furnace, controls the width of the burden surface platform at about 5/3 of the radius of the throat of the shaft furnace, controls the angle difference of burden distribution, adjusts the initial angle and the final angle of burden distribution, adjusts the width of the platform at about 2m and the depth of a funnel at about 1.5m, and forms a V-shaped burden surface. The funnel depth of 1.5m can cause local low stockline at a central part of a shaft furnace distributing platform, so that the gas rising resistance is reduced. The principle of the funnel control is that the funnel cannot be too wide so as not to influence the fuel ratio by the central air flowing through the funnel, and the starting angle is increased by deepening the funnel.
The angular difference distribution among the gears of the distribution matrix is stable, the difference is not excessive, the maximum angular difference between the two gears is not more than 5.5 degrees, the distribution of the gas flow is adjusted, and the reasonable gas flow distribution is favorable for obtaining low shaft furnace material column pressure difference, high gas unit consumption and high gas utilization rate. Thus, a high metallization rate can be obtained. The general trend of the gear adjustment of the ore burden distribution is edge pressing and open center, so that the development edge of air flow is restrained, the central air flow is properly enhanced, the charging system is further controlled, and the burden distribution of the shaft furnace is adjusted.
A method for distributing a shaft furnace of a hydrometallurgy furnace, in which specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail below, are provided as part of the present description by way of example to illustrate the in situ operating characteristics.
1. The weight percentage of the shaft furnace structure is as follows: 35% of sintered ore, 55% of pellet ore, 4% of raw ore and 6% of diced coke;
2. cloth gear: ore wire: 1/0, 2/0, 3/0, 4/0.3, 5/1, 6/1, 7/1, 8/0.2;
3. the material distributing time of the ore distributing device is 260s, and the shaft furnace is charged in a material level meter mode.
An embodiment of the adjustment of operating parameters corresponding to a material distribution device and a method of a shaft furnace of a European smelting furnace:
the smelting rate is 170+/-5 t/h; reducing gas temperature control: 860+/-10 ℃; the pressure difference of the shaft furnace is controlled to be not higher than 80 KPa, and the pressure difference fluctuation before and after material distribution is controlled within 15 KPa. The pressure difference of the surrounding pipe is controlled to be not higher than 45KPa, and the unit consumption reference quantity of top gas is 780-830 m 3 And/h. Controlling parameters of the shaft furnace at the top temperature of the shaft furnace of less than or equal to 350 ℃; the control of the shaft furnace material level is based on a mechanical average detection ruler: 1.5m and 2.0 m of machinery correspond to 17.9-18.3m of radar. The opening of the material flow valve is 15-22%.
The above embodiments are described in terms of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and additions may be made to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, which modifications and additions should also be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A material distribution method of a shaft furnace of an European smelting furnace is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of: stock bin, feeding main belt, vertical adhesive tape machine, horizontal conveying belt, feeding tank, middle tank, discharging tank, ore distributor and shaft furnace;
the sintered ore, pellet ore, raw ore and diced coke realize annular distribution mode through a distribution chute of an ore distributor, the shape of the material surface is controlled, and two airflow modes of the edge and the center are formed; the structure of the ore distributor is characterized in that the chute is rotated by means of a rotary cylinder structure, nitrogen is adopted for sealing at the fixed part of the rotary cylinder and the distributor, and the weight percentage ratio of the shaft furnace structure is as follows: 35% of sintered ore, 55% of pellet ore, 4% of raw ore and 6% of diced coke;
presetting a distribution gear, and distributing the batch into the current batch according to the distribution gear and the distribution sequence from the edge to the center of the shaft furnace; after the current batch of cloth is finished, acquiring the actual cloth time; judging whether the difference value between the actual cloth time and the preset total cloth time meets preset cloth correction conditions or not; if the difference value between the actual distribution time and the preset distribution time meets the preset distribution correction condition, when the next heat of the current heat is distributed, the valve opening of the material distributing flow valve is regulated according to the difference value until the distribution error meets the preset error range; when the distribution of the current furnace is in error, when the next batch of the current batch is distributed, self-learning is carried out according to the difference value between the actual total distribution time and the preset total distribution time, so that the opening of a valve is adjusted, and the distribution accuracy of the distribution thickness of the next batch and the subsequent furnace sintering ore, pellet ore, raw ore and coke is improved;
the preset cloth gear is specifically as follows:
setting a material line: 1.5m; setting gears, namely setting according to 8 gears, setting the distribution time to 260s, setting a starting angle to 0 degree, and setting a finishing angle to 360 degrees;
the distribution period of one batch of the shaft furnace is that the time of returning a distribution gear material from the center to the edge to the center is set to 260S, annular distribution is adopted, the starting angle of one distribution gear is 0, the ending angle is 360 degrees, the distribution thickness of each gear is a relative value, and the distribution time on each gear is calculated according to the circulation time and the relative distribution thickness; the rotation speed, namely how many revolutions per minute the distributing device rotates, is set to 6 revolutions per minute; the rotation direction is selected to be clockwise, and different inclination angles of the distributing device correspond to different gears;
the material distribution period of one batch of the shaft furnace is that the material is discharged from the opening of the material flow valve, and the material flow valve is automatically closed after the material flow valve is fully opened after the material flow valve is completely distributed; the opening of the mineral flow valve is automatically adjusted according to the distribution time of each batch, the distribution time of each batch is 260 seconds, the actual distribution time exceeds the set time, the mineral flow valve is automatically opened when the next batch is distributed, the actual distribution time is lower than the set time, the mineral flow valve is automatically closed when the next batch is distributed, and the deviation between the actual distribution time of the batch and the set time is not more than 5 seconds;
the burden distribution method controls the width of a furnace burden section platform of the shaft furnace to be 5/3 of the radius of a furnace throat of the shaft furnace, controls the width of a burden surface platform by controlling the angle difference of burden distribution, adjusts the width of the burden surface platform by adjusting the initial angle and the final angle of burden distribution by 2m and the depth of a funnel by 1.5m, and forms a V-shaped burden surface; the angular difference between the two gears of the cloth matrix is not more than 5.5 degrees at maximum.
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| CN116042948B (en) * | 2023-02-11 | 2023-12-08 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Material distribution method of European smelting furnace melting gas making furnace |
| CN116162756B (en) * | 2023-02-11 | 2024-01-12 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for reducing carbon emission of European smelting furnace |
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| CN106755687A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉科思瑞迪科技有限公司 | A kind of based shaft kiln directly reduced technique of coal |
| CN111235337A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-05 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Material distribution method for improving condition of Ou metallurgical furnace |
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