CN114958489A - System and method for efficiently extracting kitchen waste grease in sequential batch manner - Google Patents
System and method for efficiently extracting kitchen waste grease in sequential batch manner Download PDFInfo
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- CN114958489A CN114958489A CN202210553403.3A CN202210553403A CN114958489A CN 114958489 A CN114958489 A CN 114958489A CN 202210553403 A CN202210553403 A CN 202210553403A CN 114958489 A CN114958489 A CN 114958489A
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
- B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/70—Kitchen refuse; Food waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a system for efficiently extracting kitchen waste grease in a sequential batch manner, which comprises a discharge pond, a crusher, a rough separation device, a fine separation pulping device, a sand and impurity removing machine, a thermal conditioning unit, a three-phase centrifugal separator and a secondary purification unit which are sequentially communicated; the fine separation pulping equipment is communicated with the fine separation pulping equipment, and an outer disk heating pipe is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the tank body and is used for carrying out indirect thermal refining treatment on the organic slurry after sand and impurity removal; the secondary purification unit is composed of a plurality of secondary purification tanks connected in parallel, is communicated with the three-phase centrifugal separator and is used for carrying out secondary heating purification treatment on the crude oil obtained by the three-phase centrifugal separator to obtain an oil finished product. According to the invention, the quality of the grease, especially the acid value and saponification value of the grease, can be obviously improved and the residual quantity of the water granulated slag can be reduced by arranging the outer disk heating pipe to carry out indirect thermal tempering treatment on the organic slurry and matching with a secondary direct heating purification mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and food safety, in particular to a system and a method for efficiently extracting kitchen waste grease in a sequential batch manner.
Background
The kitchen waste refers to food residues generated in the processes of food processing, dining and the like of hotels, restaurants, institutions, troops, universities and enterprises and public institutions. The main characteristics are as follows: the regional difference is obvious; the nutrition is rich, and the content of nutritional ingredients such as protein, fat, cellulose and the like is high; high water content (70-87%) and high oil content (2-3%). The treatment requirements of the kitchen waste are as follows: under the premise of ensuring the disinfection and sterilization effect and avoiding exogenous pollution as much as possible, the resources, including nutrient components and lipids, are recycled as much as possible.
The existing comprehensive treatment project of kitchen wastes mainly adopts treatment technologies of anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, feed utilization and the like after pretreatment. According to incomplete statistics, the project of adopting anaerobic digestion as a resource technology after pretreatment accounts for about 80% of the total treatment capacity. Thermal conditioning pretreatment is carried out before the anaerobic digestion process of the kitchen waste so as to improve the recovery rate of grease and improve the economy of the whole process link.
The invention patent application with application publication number CN113333442A discloses a kitchen waste oil extraction system and a method, wherein the system comprises a kitchen cart, a kitchen bin, a slag removal assembly, a heating conditioning tank, a three-phase separator, an oil buffer tank, a crude oil storage tank and an anaerobic nitrification assembly; the material is separated into high-concentration organic slurry and crude oil through a three-phase separation process. The organic slurry enters the rear end for anaerobic digestion, the crude oil enters a crude oil storage tank for storage, and the crude oil can be directly sold or further subjected to pretreatment and various chemical treatments to finally become biodiesel; and meanwhile, solid residues with high water content and the residual organic slurry are mixed and then conveyed to an anaerobic digestion system, so that oil phase materials of the kitchen waste are effectively recycled, and solid phase materials and water phase materials are timely and correspondingly treated and recycled. However, the above methods have not been further studied on the quality of fats, which is a key to determine the recycling of fats.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for extracting kitchen waste oil in a sequencing batch and high efficiency manner, so that the high-quality recovery of resources and energy in the kitchen waste is realized on a continuous production line by comprehensively treating the kitchen waste, the secondary pollution caused in the kitchen waste treatment process can be effectively controlled, and the quality of the recovered oil is improved.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a system for sequentially and efficiently extracting kitchen waste grease in batches comprises a discharge pond, a crusher, a rough separation device, a fine separation pulping device, a sand and impurity removing machine, a thermal conditioning unit, a three-phase centrifugal separator and a secondary purification unit which are sequentially communicated;
the discharging pool is used for receiving and storing kitchen waste, a feeding hole is formed in the top of the discharging pool, a solid discharging hole is formed in the bottom of the discharging pool, a steam direct flushing heater is arranged at the feeding hole for heating treatment, and a draining pool is arranged at the bottom of the discharging pool;
a crusher: the kitchen waste crushing device is communicated with a solid discharge port of the discharge pond and is used for crushing solid kitchen waste output by the discharge pond;
coarse separation equipment: the device is communicated with the crusher and is used for screening and removing large impurities in the solid kitchen waste crushed by the crusher;
fine separation pulping equipment: the device is communicated with rough separation equipment and is used for further separating and removing inorganic impurities and pulping organic solids to obtain organic slurry with inorganic impurities removed;
sand and impurity removing machine: the fine separation pulping equipment is communicated with and used for carrying out sand removal and impurity removal treatment on the organic slurry output by the fine separation pulping equipment;
a thermal conditioning unit: the fine separation pulping device is composed of a plurality of thermal tempering tanks connected in parallel and communicated with the fine separation pulping device, and the outer peripheral wall of the tank body is provided with an outer disk heating pipe for carrying out indirect thermal tempering treatment on the organic slurry after sand and impurity removal;
three-phase centrifugal separator: the device is communicated with the thermal refining tank, and an oil discharge pipe, a solid discharge pipe and a liquid discharge pipe are arranged at an outlet and are used for carrying out three-phase separation on the material subjected to thermal refining to obtain crude oil, solid matters and high-temperature wastewater;
a secondary purification unit: the device consists of a plurality of secondary purification tanks connected in parallel, is communicated with the three-phase centrifugal separator and is used for carrying out secondary heating purification treatment on the crude oil obtained by the three-phase centrifugal separator to obtain an oil finished product.
The conventional thermal conditioning mode mainly adopts a direct steam heating mode to realize grease recovery, but steam condensation can cause subsequent anaerobic digestion and increase the sewage treatment capacity; the invention discovers that the indirect thermal quenching and tempering treatment is carried out on the organic slurry by arranging the outer disk heating pipe, so that the effective recovery of the grease can be realized and the quality of the grease can be further improved as long as the heating time is sufficient; and the quality of the grease, especially the acid value and saponification value of the grease, can be improved obviously by matching with a secondary direct heating purification mode, the residue amount of the water granulated slag is reduced, and the subsequent anaerobic and sewage treatment amount is reduced.
Further, the thermal conditioning tank is a closed indirect heating thermal conditioning tank; the tank comprises a tank body and a cover body covering the tank body, wherein the cover body and the tank body can be connected through a nut to realize sealing. The sealing function mainly comprises the following three points: firstly, heat preservation is carried out, and energy consumption is saved; secondly, odor collection can be realized for subsequent deodorization; and thirdly, the tank is safe, and falling objects are prevented from entering the tank body. The cover body of the thermal tempering tank is an elliptical seal head, and the tank body is a cone; the outer disk heating pipe can bear 1.0MPa of saturated vapor pressure; when the charging coefficient is 0.8, the outer coil heating pipe can heat the medium from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃ within 2 hours; the thermal conditioning tank is provided with a stirring device, and the rotating speed per minute can reach more than 30 times; temperature control, liquid level system and overflow alarm and automatic cut-off valve.
The thermal tempering of the invention can realize the following four functions: 1) pathogenic bacteria are effectively killed, and peculiar smell is removed; 2) hydrolyzing macromolecular organic matters in the garbage into easily biodegradable micromolecular organic matters; 3) the physical and chemical forms of the grease in the kitchen waste and the combination mode of the grease with other components are changed, the interface characteristic of the grease is optimized, the grease in the solid phase of the kitchen waste is promoted to be efficiently dissolved out and float upwards, and the waste oil separation characteristic of the kitchen waste is improved; 4) through improving material homogeneity and reducing viscosity, improve material pipeline transport capacity.
Further, a screw feeder with a draining function is arranged at the bottom of a hopper of the discharging pond, and a solid discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the screw feeder; the draining tank is also communicated with the fine separation pulping tank, a liquid outlet is formed in the bottom of the draining tank, and a first-stage high-pressure spray head is arranged at a feed inlet of the fine separation pulping tank communicated with the liquid outlet. The primary high-pressure spray head is used for spraying liquid drained from the draining pool into the fine sorting pulping pool at high pressure to wash out solid kitchen waste.
Furthermore, a liquid discharge temporary storage tank of the three-phase centrifugal separator is provided with a first waste water discharge branch pipe and a second waste water discharge branch pipe, the first waste water discharge branch pipe is communicated with rough separation equipment, and the second waste water discharge branch pipe is communicated with fine separation pulping equipment; flow control valves are arranged on the first waste water discharging branch pipe and the second waste water discharging branch pipe, a plurality of second-stage high-pressure spray heads are arranged at the feeding ports of the coarse separation equipment and the fine separation pulping equipment, and the second-stage high-pressure spray heads are communicated with the first waste water discharging branch pipe and the second waste water discharging branch pipe respectively. The structure is used for spraying part of high-temperature liquid separated by the three-phase centrifugal separator into coarse separation and fine separation pulping equipment under high pressure to wash solid kitchen waste, and cleaning oversize products to further extract grease and solid organic matters; on one hand, the loss rate of grease and organic matters in the kitchen waste is further reduced, and on the other hand, the material preheating can be realized to reduce the energy consumption of the thermal conditioning link.
Furthermore, a grease discharge pipe of the three-phase centrifugal separator is communicated with a grease temporary storage tank, the grease temporary storage tank is communicated with a secondary purification tank, and the secondary purification tank is communicated with a finished product tank.
The invention also provides a method for continuously and efficiently extracting the kitchen waste grease, which is used for processing by utilizing the system; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pouring the kitchen waste into a discharge pond for storage, and performing steam heating treatment on the kitchen waste entering the discharge pond by using a steam direct-flushing heater;
(2) the solid kitchen waste in the step (1) flows out through a solid discharge port and is sequentially treated by a crusher, a rough separation device, a fine separation pulping pool and a sand and impurity removing machine to obtain organic slurry after sand and impurity removal;
(3) introducing the organic slurry obtained in the step (2) into a thermal tempering tank for indirect thermal tempering treatment;
(4) introducing the slurry subjected to indirect thermal refining treatment in the step (3) into a three-phase centrifugal separator for three-phase separation to obtain crude oil, solid matters and high-temperature wastewater;
(5) and (4) performing resource treatment on the solid matters in the step (4), and conveying the crude oil to a secondary purification tank for secondary direct heating treatment to obtain purified recovered oil.
Further, in the step (3), the temperature of the indirect thermal refining is 80-85 ℃, and the duration of the indirect thermal refining is 60-70 min; in the step (5), the temperature of the secondary direct heating treatment is 80-85 ℃, and the duration time of the secondary direct heating treatment is 120-160 min.
Further, in the step (3), the saturated steam pressure of the outer disk heating pipe is 1.0-1.2 MPa, and steam condensate water flows back to a boiler system after being collected.
Further, processing is performed using the system as described above; in the step (1), the first-stage high-pressure nozzles are positioned on the branch pipes of the steam pipeline, the branch pipes are arranged around the discharge tank and are 1/3 away from the bottom of the discharge tank, the pipes are made of anticorrosive high-temperature resistant stainless steel, the diameter of a steam outlet is 15-20 mm, and the spraying direction is downward.
Further, processing is performed using a system as described above; part of the high-temperature wastewater obtained in the step (4) flows back to the rough separation equipment through the first wastewater discharge branch pipe, and the second wastewater discharge branch pipe flows back to the fine separation pulping pool;
wherein the volume percentage of the refluxed high-temperature wastewater in the total high-temperature wastewater obtained in the step (4) is 25-40%; the ratio of the volume of the wastewater which flows back to the rough separation equipment through the first wastewater discharge branch pipe to the volume of the wastewater which flows back to the fine separation pulping tank through the second wastewater discharge branch pipe is 1.2-1.6: 1;
the minimum vertical distance between the high-pressure spray head and the material is 30-50cm, the pipe is made of anticorrosive high-temperature-resistant stainless steel, the diameter of a water outlet is 20-30 mm, the spraying position is right above the material, and the angle between the spraying direction of the high-pressure spray head and the rotating direction of the material is 30-50 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the quality of the oil, especially the acid value and saponification value of the oil can be obviously improved and the residual quantity of the water residue can be reduced by arranging the outer-disk heating pipe to carry out indirect thermal conditioning treatment on the organic slurry and matching with a secondary direct heating purification mode.
(2) The high-efficiency anaerobic digestion after thermal conditioning is used for producing biogas, solid matters are used for producing organic fertilizer/feed, crude oil is used for producing biological polyol, the split-phase reduction treatment of kitchen wastes and the high-efficiency resource utilization of the kitchen wastes in different qualities can be realized, the utilization efficiency of the wastes is improved, and the full use of the wastes is realized;
(3) the invention improves the oil recovery rate and the oil quality, not only solves the problem that the subsequent oil storage tank is difficult to clean water slag, but also saves additional investment cost;
(4) compared with a direct flushing heating mode, the indirect heating by steam reduces the wastewater treatment capacity, and saves the investment and the operating cost of anaerobic and sewage treatment facilities; compared with the direct-flushing heating mode, the indirect steam heating mode can avoid the odor treatment amount, and the steam condensate water returns to the boiler system through the steam condensate water circulating and recycling equipment, so that the operation cost can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for continuously and efficiently extracting kitchen waste grease.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, which are only illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The detection method of the oil acid value in the following examples adopts GB/T5530-; the detection method of the iodine value is GB/T5532-2008; the detection method of the saponification value is GB/T5534-2008. The detection method of water impurity is GB/T5528 and GB/T15688.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a system for efficiently extracting kitchen waste grease in batches, which comprises a discharge pond 1, a crusher 2, a rough separation device 3, a fine separation pulping device 4, a sand and impurity removing machine 5, a thermal conditioning unit 6, a three-phase centrifugal separator 7, a grease temporary storage tank 8 and a secondary purification unit 9 which are sequentially communicated;
the discharging pool 1 is used for receiving and storing kitchen waste, a feeding hole is formed in the top of the discharging pool, a solid discharging hole is formed in the bottom of the discharging pool, and a steam direct-flushing heater is arranged at the feeding hole of the discharging pool to perform steam heating treatment on the kitchen waste entering the discharging pool, so that the problems of caking of grease and poor liquidity in the kitchen waste in low-temperature weather are solved; the bottom of a hopper of the discharging pool is provided with a screw feeder with a draining function, the bottom of the screw feeder is provided with a solid discharge port, and garbage in the hopper is conveyed to the crusher through the solid discharge port of the screw feeder to be crushed; a draining tank 11 is arranged below the discharging tank, a large amount of draining liquid generated in the hopper is stored in the draining tank, a liquid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the draining tank, and the liquid outlet is communicated with the fine separation pulping tank. The crusher 2 is used for preliminarily crushing solid kitchen waste output by the discharge pond, an inlet of the crusher is communicated with a solid discharge hole, an outlet of the crusher is communicated with coarse sorting equipment, and the particle size of a material entering the crusher after crushing is not more than 8 mm. The rough separation equipment 3 is used for separating and removing large impurities (such as plastics) in the solid kitchen waste crushed by the crusher, the inlet of the rough separation equipment is communicated with the crusher, and the outlet of the rough separation equipment is communicated with the fine separation pulping tank. The fine separation pulping tank 4 is used for further separating, pulping and removing inorganic impurities to obtain organic pulp, and a primary high-pressure spray head is arranged at a feed inlet of the fine separation pulping tank communicated with a liquid outlet and used for spraying liquid drained from the draining tank into the fine separation pulping tank at high pressure to wash solid kitchen waste. The sand and impurity removing machine 5 is used for carrying out sand removing and impurity removing treatment on the organic slurry output by the fine separation pulping tank, the removed gravel and fiber impurities are transported and disposed, the inlet of the sand and impurity removing machine is communicated with the fine separation pulping tank 4, and the outlet of the sand and impurity removing machine is communicated with the thermal conditioning unit 6.
The thermal conditioning tank unit 6 is composed of a plurality of thermal conditioning tanks connected in parallel and used for carrying out indirect thermal conditioning treatment on the organic slurry after sand and impurity removal, and an outer disk heating pipe is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the tank body for heating; the thermal tempering tank is a closed indirect heating thermal tempering tank; the tank comprises a tank body and a cover body covering the tank body, wherein the cover body and the tank body can be connected through a nut to realize sealing. The sealing function mainly comprises the following three points: firstly, heat preservation is carried out, and energy consumption is saved; secondly, odor collection can be realized for subsequent deodorization; and thirdly, the tank is safe, and falling objects are prevented from entering the tank body. The cover body of the thermal tempering tank is an elliptical seal head, and the tank body is a cone; the outer disk heating pipe can bear 1.0MPa of saturated vapor pressure; when the charging coefficient is 0.8, the outer coil heating pipe can heat the medium from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃ within 2 hours; the thermal conditioning tank is provided with a stirring device, and the rotating speed per minute can reach more than 30 times; temperature control, liquid level system and overflow alarm and automatic cut-off valve. Each tank body is communicated with a feed pump of the three-phase centrifugal separator; the thermal refining tank is provided with effective slag discharge measures, and the main material is SS 304.
The three-phase centrifugal separator 7 is used for carrying out three-phase separation on the material subjected to thermal refining treatment to obtain crude oil, solid matters and high-temperature wastewater; the inlet of the thermal refining tank is communicated with the thermal refining tank, and the outlet of the thermal refining tank is provided with a grease discharging pipe (connected with a grease temporary storage tank 8), a solid discharging pipe (connected with a solid temporary storage hopper) and a liquid discharging pipe (connected with a liquid temporary storage tank); a liquid discharging pipe of the three-phase centrifugal separator is provided with a first wastewater discharging branch pipe and a second wastewater discharging branch pipe, the first wastewater discharging branch pipe is communicated with the rough separation equipment, and the second wastewater discharging branch pipe is communicated with the fine separation pulping pool; the first waste water discharging branch pipe and the second waste water discharging branch pipe are respectively provided with a flow control valve; a plurality of second-stage high-pressure spray heads are arranged at a feeding port of the thermal conditioning tank and are respectively communicated with the first wastewater discharge branch pipe and the second wastewater discharge branch pipe. And performing resource treatment on substances discharged from the solid discharge pipe.
The secondary purification unit 8 is composed of a plurality of secondary purification tanks connected in parallel and is used for carrying out secondary heating purification treatment on the crude oil obtained by the three-phase centrifugal separator and temporarily stored in the oil temporary storage tank to obtain an oil finished product with better quality; the inlet of the oil storage tank is communicated with the oil temporary storage tank, and the outlet of the oil storage tank is provided with an oil discharge pipe. Effective volume of secondary purification tank is 5m 3 The method adopts a cone bottom tank, the effective length of the cone is not less than 1000mm, the tank body is made of SUS304 and is provided with a deodorization interface, and the air in the tank body can be led out by a draught fan for deodorization treatment; the heating device with the steam inner coil is arranged, and can heat the full tank material from 25 ℃ to 90 ℃ within 2 hours; the tank body is required to be provided with a stirring, temperature control and liquid level system, an overflow alarm and an automatic cut-off valve, and the tank body is insulated. The tank body is provided with effective slag discharge measures. The grease discharging pipe is communicated with the grease temporary storage tank, the grease temporary storage tank is communicated with the secondary purification tank, and the secondary purification tank is communicated with the finished product tank. The grease after the secondary purification jar is handled is carried to grease finished product jar, and finished product jar bottom sets up the back flow, and the grease that contains water miscellaneous bottom flows back to sorting pulping pond and carries out follow-up secondary oil extraction, and conveying line and oil tank need set up steam coil pipe companion heat, and material level control is implemented in order to the accuracy to establish material level gauge and high-order overflow pipe in the jar. An overflow alarm and an automatic cut-off valve are arranged in the tank.
Example 2
The embodiment adopts the system provided by the embodiment 1, and provides a method for efficiently extracting grease from kitchen waste, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pouring the kitchen waste into a discharge pond for storage, and performing steam heating treatment on the kitchen waste entering the discharge pond by using a steam direct-flushing heater;
the primary high-pressure spray head is positioned on a branch pipe of the steam pipeline, the branch pipe is arranged around the discharge tank and is 1/3 away from the bottom of the discharge tank, the pipe is made of an anticorrosive high-temperature-resistant stainless steel material, the diameter of a steam outlet is 15-20 mm, and the spraying direction is downward;
(2) the solid kitchen waste in the step (1) flows out through a solid discharge port and is sequentially treated by a crusher, a rough separation device, a fine separation pulping pool and a sand and impurity removing machine to obtain organic slurry after sand and impurity removal;
(3) introducing the organic slurry obtained in the step (2) into a thermal tempering tank for indirect thermal tempering treatment;
wherein the temperature of the indirect thermal refining is 85 ℃, and the duration time is 70 min;
(4) introducing the slurry subjected to the indirect thermal refining treatment in the step (3) into a three-phase centrifugal separator for three-phase separation to obtain crude oil, solid matters and high-temperature wastewater;
wherein, part of the obtained high-temperature wastewater flows back to the rough separation equipment through the first wastewater discharge branch pipe, and the second wastewater discharge branch pipe flows back to the fine separation pulping tank; the volume percentage of the refluxed high-temperature wastewater in the total high-temperature wastewater obtained in the step (4) is 30%; the ratio of the volume of the wastewater which flows back to the rough separation equipment through the first wastewater discharge branch pipe to the volume of the wastewater which flows back to the fine separation pulping tank through the second wastewater discharge branch pipe is 1.2: 1.
(5) Performing resource treatment on the solid matters in the step (4), and sending the crude oil to a secondary purification tank for secondary direct heating treatment to obtain purified recovered oil;
wherein the temperature of the second direct heating treatment is 80 deg.C, and the duration is 120 min.
As a result: the acid value of the oil is 20.2mg/g, the water content is 1.25 percent, and the saponification value is 188.6 mgKOH/g.
In this example, gradient tests were performed on the time and temperature of the indirect thermal refining in step (3), and the results of the tests on the oil acid value, iodine value, and saponification value (table 1) of the crude oil obtained in step (4), and the oil acid value, iodine value, and saponification value (table 2) of the recovered oil obtained in step (5) are shown in tables 1 to 2.
TABLE 1 influence of different heating temperatures and heating times on the oil acid value, iodine value and saponification value of crude oil
TABLE 2 influence of different heating temperatures and heating times on the acid value, iodine value and saponification value of oils and fats recovered
Comparative example 1
The comparative example adopts a conventional direct heating thermal refining treatment method, namely high-temperature steam is directly introduced into a thermal refining tank to realize the rapid temperature rise to 95 ℃, an external coil pipe is not used, the rest steps are the same as those of the example 2, and the finally obtained oil acid value, water impurity value and saponification value of the recovered oil are detected.
The results were: the acid value of the oil is 25.7 +/-0.3 mg/g, the water content is 3.27% +/-0.1%, and the saponification value is 155.8 +/-2.3 mgKOH/g.
Comparative example 2
In this comparative example, the direct heat treatment was not performed for the secondary purification, and the remaining steps were the same as in example 2, and the oil acid value, water impurity value, and saponification value of the finally obtained recovered oil were measured.
The results were: the acid value of the oil is 23.7 +/-0.2 mg/g, the water content is 3.12% +/-0.0%, and the saponification value is 168.4 +/-1.8 mgKOH/g.
Example 3
In the comparative example, the high-temperature wastewater in the step (4) is refluxed into the rough separation equipment and the fine separation pulping equipment, the rest steps are the same as those in the example 2, the extraction rate, the oil acid value and the water heterosaponification value of the finally obtained recovered oil are detected, and the detection results in different reflux ratios are as follows:
(1) the reflux ratio was 1.6: when 1, the oil extraction rate is 4.2% + -0.2%, the acid value is 20.1 + -0.3 mg/g, the water content is 1.56% + -0.01%, and the saponification value is 198.2 + -2.5 mgKOH/g.
(2) The reflux ratio is 1: 1, the oil extraction rate is 4.5% + -0.1%, the acid value is 19.5 + -0.2 mg/g, the water content is 1.16% + -0.02%, and the saponification value is 194.7 + -1.1 mgKOH/g.
(3) The reflux ratio is 2: when 1, the oil extraction rate is 3.8% + -0.0%, the acid value is 22.1 + -0.1 mg/g, the water content is 2.06% + -0.05%, and the saponification value is 191.0 + -0.7 mgKOH/g.
Claims (9)
1. A system for efficiently extracting kitchen waste grease in a sequential batch manner is characterized by comprising a discharge pond, a crusher, a rough separation device, a fine separation pulping device, a sand and impurity removing machine, a thermal conditioning unit, a three-phase centrifugal separator and a secondary purification unit which are sequentially communicated;
the discharging pool is used for receiving and storing kitchen waste, a feeding hole is formed in the top of the discharging pool, a solid discharging hole is formed in the bottom of the discharging pool, a steam direct flushing heater is arranged at the feeding hole for heating treatment, and a draining pool is arranged at the bottom of the discharging pool;
a crusher: the kitchen waste crushing device is communicated with a solid discharge port of the discharge pond and is used for crushing solid kitchen waste output by the discharge pond;
coarse separation equipment: the device is communicated with the crusher and is used for screening and removing large impurities in the solid kitchen waste crushed by the crusher;
fine separation pulping equipment: the device is communicated with rough separation equipment and is used for further separating and removing inorganic impurities and pulping organic solids to obtain organic slurry with inorganic impurities removed;
sand and impurity removing machine: the fine separation pulping equipment is communicated with and used for carrying out sand removal and impurity removal treatment on the organic slurry output by the fine separation pulping equipment;
a thermal conditioning unit: the fine separation pulping device is composed of a plurality of thermal tempering tanks connected in parallel and communicated with the fine separation pulping device, and the outer peripheral wall of the tank body is provided with an outer disk heating pipe for carrying out indirect thermal tempering treatment on the organic slurry after sand and impurity removal;
three-phase centrifugal separator: the device is communicated with the thermal refining tank, and an oil discharge pipe, a solid discharge pipe and a liquid discharge pipe are arranged at an outlet and are used for carrying out three-phase separation on the material subjected to thermal refining to obtain crude oil, solid matters and high-temperature wastewater;
a secondary purification unit: the device consists of a plurality of secondary purification tanks connected in parallel, is communicated with the three-phase centrifugal separator and is used for carrying out secondary heating purification treatment on the crude oil obtained by the three-phase centrifugal separator to obtain an oil finished product.
2. The system for extracting grease from kitchen waste in high efficiency in batches according to claim 1, wherein a screw feeder with a draining function is arranged at the bottom of a hopper of the discharging pool, and a solid discharging port is arranged at the bottom of the screw feeder; the draining tank is also communicated with the fine separation pulping tank, a liquid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the draining tank, and a first-stage high-pressure spray head is arranged at a feeding port of the fine separation pulping tank communicated with the liquid outlet.
3. The system for extracting grease from kitchen waste in high efficiency in batches according to claim 2, wherein a liquid discharge temporary storage tank of the three-phase centrifugal separator is provided with a first waste water discharge branch pipe and a second waste water discharge branch pipe, the first waste water discharge branch pipe is communicated with rough separation equipment, and the second waste water discharge branch pipe is communicated with fine separation pulping equipment; flow control valves are arranged on the first waste water discharging branch pipe and the second waste water discharging branch pipe, a plurality of second-stage high-pressure spray heads are arranged at the feeding ports of the coarse separation equipment and the fine separation pulping equipment, and the second-stage high-pressure spray heads are communicated with the first waste water discharging branch pipe and the second waste water discharging branch pipe respectively.
4. The system for extracting kitchen waste grease in batches and with high efficiency according to claim 1, wherein a grease discharge pipe of the three-phase centrifugal separator is communicated with a grease temporary storage tank, the grease temporary storage tank is communicated with a secondary purification tank, and the secondary purification tank is communicated with a finished product tank.
5. A method for efficiently extracting kitchen waste grease in a sequential batch manner is characterized in that the system of claim 1 is used for processing; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pouring the kitchen waste into a discharge pond for storage, and performing steam heating treatment on the kitchen waste entering the discharge pond by using a steam direct-flushing heater;
(2) the solid kitchen waste in the step (1) is treated by a screw conveying mode through a solid discharge port through a crusher, a rough separation device, a fine separation pulping device and a sand and impurity removing machine in sequence to obtain organic slurry after sand and impurity removal;
(3) introducing the organic slurry obtained in the step (2) into a thermal tempering tank for indirect thermal tempering treatment;
(4) introducing the slurry subjected to the indirect thermal refining treatment in the step (3) into a three-phase centrifugal separator for three-phase separation to obtain crude oil, solid matters and high-temperature wastewater;
(5) and (4) performing resource treatment on the solid matters in the step (4), and conveying the crude oil to a secondary purification tank for secondary direct heating treatment to obtain purified recovered oil.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the temperature of the indirect thermal refining is 80-85 ℃, and the duration of the indirect thermal refining is 60-70 min; in the step (5), the temperature of the secondary direct heating treatment is 80-85 ℃, and the duration time of the secondary direct heating treatment is 120-160 min.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the saturated steam pressure of the outer coil heating pipe is 1.0-1.2 MPa.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein processing is performed using the system of claim 2; in the step (1), the primary high-pressure spray head is positioned on a steam pipeline branch pipe of the steam direct-flushing heater, the branch pipe is arranged around the discharge tank and is 1/3 away from the bottom of the discharge tank, the pipe is made of an anticorrosive high-temperature-resistant stainless steel material, the diameter of a steam outlet is 15-20 mm, and the spraying direction is downward.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein processing is performed using the system of claim 3; part of the high-temperature wastewater obtained in the step (4) flows back to the rough separation equipment through the first wastewater discharge branch pipe, and flows back to the fine separation pulping equipment through the second wastewater discharge branch pipe;
wherein the volume percentage of the refluxed high-temperature wastewater in the total high-temperature wastewater obtained in the step (4) is 25-40%; the ratio of the volume of the wastewater which flows back to the rough separation equipment through the first wastewater discharge branch pipe to the volume of the wastewater which flows back to the fine separation pulping equipment through the second wastewater discharge branch pipe is 1.0-1.6: 1; the residual high-temperature wastewater enters a subsequent resource utilization link;
the minimum vertical distance between the high-pressure spray head and the material is 30-50cm, the diameter of the water outlet is 20-30 mm, the spraying position is right above the material, and the angle between the spraying direction of the high-pressure spray head and the rotating direction of the material is 30-50 degrees.
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