CN114956883A - Intelligent control system and method for aerobic composting - Google Patents
Intelligent control system and method for aerobic composting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114956883A CN114956883A CN202210612548.6A CN202210612548A CN114956883A CN 114956883 A CN114956883 A CN 114956883A CN 202210612548 A CN202210612548 A CN 202210612548A CN 114956883 A CN114956883 A CN 114956883A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 187
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aerobic composting intelligent control system, which comprises: the temperature probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting through the driving rod, and the temperature in the compost is measured; the oxygen content probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting and can measure the oxygen content of the compost; the plurality of proximity switches are arranged at intervals along the x axis and the y axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank to divide the fermentation tank into a plurality of composting units; a plurality of aeration air pipes are laid along the fermentation tank; each aeration air pipe is connected with an aeration fan; and the controller is respectively in communication connection with each proximity switch, the temperature probe and the oxygen content probe, is respectively in electrical connection with the turner and each aeration fan, can determine the current composting unit according to signals of the proximity switches, and optimally controls the aeration fan of the current composting unit according to the temperature and the oxygen content of the compost. The control system can optimize the start and stop of the aeration fan according to the parameters of temperature, oxygen content and the like in the aerobic pile body, and reduce the energy consumption of composting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aerobic composting, in particular to an aerobic composting control system and method.
Background
Aerobic fermentation is usually high-temperature aerobic fermentation, which is a process of converting organic matters in excrement into stable humus through the metabolism of aerobic microorganisms. The heat generated in the metabolic process can raise the temperature of the stockpile layer to over 55 ℃, effectively kill pathogenic bacteria, parasitic ova and weed seeds, evaporate water and realize stabilization and harmlessness of the excrement.
Aerobic fermentation technology (composting) has a long history. The aerobic fermentation treatment of the excrement and the land utilization of the excrement are one of the important excrement disposal approaches at home and abroad. The modern aerobic fermentation technology in China starts late, and mainly adopts an oxidation treatment process of fermentation tank and turning throwing. In recent years, a plurality of large-scale high-temperature aerobic fermentation projects are completed in cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Zhengzhou, Qinhuang island and the like, and remarkable results are obtained.
At present, the fermentation process forms at home and abroad are various, and the fermentation technology can be classified according to the application conditions of the fermentation technology at home and abroad as follows: the method comprises the steps of stacking fermentation, box-type aerobic fermentation, fermentation tank (pool) type aerobic fermentation and the like.
The fermentation tank (tank) type aerobic fermentation process has the advantages of high mechanization, small occupied area, small climate influence, adjustable fermentation quality and the like, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The continuous high-temperature groove type aerobic fermentation technology adopts a turner (large-scale turner equipment can be adopted), the stack is turned and stacked constantly at regular time in the fermentation period, the system is provided with a special aeration system, and the whole fermentation period takes about 21 days. The process has the following characteristics:
(1) the treatment capacity is large: the technology can reach 3-3.5m in height, and a single production line (100m 15m 3m) can accommodate 4500m 3 The daily treatment capacity of the organic waste can reach 150 tons (the water content is 65 percent).
(2) The oxygen system is stable, and the aeration is even: the aeration system can ensure the oxygen supply and water regulation environment required by the fermentation of the organic fertilizer. The whole system does not need to change materials, clean and supply oxygen, and one-time construction maintenance-free is realized in a real sense.
However, the current continuous high-temperature groove type aerobic fermentation has higher requirements on the pressure rise and the air quantity of an aeration fan due to higher pile height, the pressure rise needs to reach about 40KPa, and the air quantity is 1000m 3 About per hour, the power of the fan is 18.5KW, and 40-50 aeration fans are needed for supplying oxygen for a single composting tank. In order to achieve a better composting effect, the energy consumption of the fan is very high, so that the operation cost of composting is increased, and the application and popularization of the whole fermentation technology are influenced.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent control system and method for aerobic composting, which can optimally control each aeration fan of an aeration system of the aerobic composting, reduce the aeration energy consumption of the aerobic composting, further reduce the operation cost of the composting and solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides an intelligent control system for aerobic composting, which comprises:
the device comprises a temperature probe, an oxygen content probe, a plurality of proximity switches, a plurality of aeration air pipes, a plurality of aeration fans and a controller; wherein,
the temperature probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting and can measure the temperature in the compost;
the oxygen content probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting through the driving rod and can be driven by the driving rod to be inserted into the pile body of the aerobic composting to measure the oxygen content of the turned pile body;
the plurality of proximity switches are arranged at intervals along the x axis and the y axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the aerobic composting fermentation tank, and divide the fermentation tank into a plurality of composting units arranged in rows and columns;
the plurality of aeration air pipes are laid at intervals at the bottom of the fermentation tank along the y axis of the rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, and each aeration air pipe corresponds to a plurality of rows of composting units arranged at intervals along the y axis one by one; each aeration air pipe is connected with an aeration fan;
the controller is respectively in communication connection with the proximity switches, the temperature probes and the oxygen content probes, and is respectively in electrical connection with the turner and the aeration fans, and in an initial control stage with preset duration, the controller performs aeration control on the aeration fans according to initial intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to each temperature reaction partition, adjusts the temperature reaction partition to which each composting unit belongs according to the temperature of a compost body measured by the temperature probes arranged on the turner when each composting unit is turned, and controls the aeration fans of each adjusted composting unit according to the initial intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to the adjusted temperature reaction partition; in an optimization control stage after the preset initial control stage, the controller determines the temperature reaction subarea of the current composting unit according to the temperature of the compost body of the current composting unit measured by the temperature probe, and controls the aeration fan of the current composting unit according to the optimized intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to each composting unit predetermined by using the oxygen content probe arranged on the turner.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an intelligent control method of aerobic composting, and the system comprises the following steps:
separating an x axis and an axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, and separating a composting area in the fermentation tank into a plurality of composting units arranged in rows and columns;
sequentially dividing a plurality of composting units into different temperature reaction subareas along the x axis from front to back according to the material reaction temperature;
laying a plurality of aeration air pipes at the bottom of the fermentation tank at intervals along the y axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, wherein each aeration air pipe corresponds to a plurality of rows of composting units arranged at intervals along the y axis one by one; each aeration air pipe is connected with an aeration fan;
in the initial control stage of preset time length, a controller of the system carries out aeration control on each aeration fan according to the initial intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to each temperature reaction subarea, and when each composting unit is turned, the temperature reaction subarea of each composting unit is adjusted according to the temperature of a compost body measured by a temperature probe arranged on a turner, and the aeration fan of each adjusted composting unit is controlled according to the initial intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to the adjusted temperature reaction subarea;
and after the preset initial control stage, performing an optimization control stage, determining the temperature reaction subarea of the current composting unit by the controller according to the temperature of the pile body of the current composting unit measured by the temperature probe, and controlling the aeration fan of the current composting unit according to the optimized intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to each composting unit predetermined by the oxygen content probe.
Compared with the prior art, the aerobic composting intelligent control system and the aerobic composting intelligent control method provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that:
the temperature probe and the oxygen content probe are respectively arranged on the turner, the fermentation tank is divided into a plurality of composting units according to x and y axes by arranging a plurality of proximity switches, the proximity switches can conveniently determine which composting unit the turner is currently positioned in, the temperature in the aerobic composting body is determined according to the temperature probe, and the optimized aeration control parameter determined by determining the oxygen content through the oxygen content probe, so that the start and stop of aeration fans of the composting units are controlled more accurately according to the temperature and the oxygen content, the start and stop control time of each aeration fan is optimized, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the configuration of an aerobic composting intelligent control system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of composting unit division of a fermentation tank of the aerobic composting intelligent control system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the division of different temperature reaction zones of a fermentation tank of the intelligent control system for aerobic composting provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below by combining the specific content of the invention; it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms that may be used herein are first described as follows:
the term "and/or" means that either or both can be achieved, for example, X and/or Y means that both cases include "X" or "Y" as well as three cases including "X and Y".
The terms "comprising," "including," "containing," "having," or other similar terms of meaning should be construed as non-exclusive inclusions. For example: including a feature (e.g., material, component, ingredient, carrier, formulation, material, dimension, part, component, mechanism, device, process, procedure, method, reaction condition, processing condition, parameter, algorithm, signal, data, product, or article of manufacture), is to be construed as including not only the particular feature explicitly listed but also other features not explicitly listed as such which are known in the art.
The term "consisting of … …" is meant to exclude any technical feature elements not explicitly listed. If used in a claim, the term shall render the claim closed except for the inclusion of the technical features that are expressly listed except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. If the term occurs in only one clause of the claims, it is defined only to the elements explicitly recited in that clause, and elements recited in other clauses are not excluded from the overall claims.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "secured," etc., are to be construed broadly, as for example: can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms herein can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
When concentrations, temperatures, pressures, dimensions, or other parameters are expressed as ranges of values, the ranges of values should be understood to specifically disclose all ranges formed by any pair of upper values, lower values, or preferred values within the range, regardless of whether the ranges are explicitly recited; for example, if a numerical range of "2 ~ 8" is recited, then the numerical range should be interpreted to include ranges of "2 ~ 7", "2 ~ 6", "5 ~ 7", "3 ~ 4 and 6 ~ 7", "3 ~ 5 and 7", "2 and 5 ~ 7", and the like. Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges recited herein include both the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the numerical range.
The terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship that is indicated based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description only, and are not intended to imply or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting herein.
The following describes the aerobic composting intelligent control system and method provided by the invention in detail. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art. The examples of the present invention, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to the conventional conditions in the art or conditions suggested by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used in the examples of the present invention are not specified by manufacturers, and are all conventional products available by commercial purchase.
As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent control system for aerobic composting, comprising
The device comprises a temperature probe, an oxygen content probe, a plurality of proximity switches, a plurality of aeration air pipes, a plurality of aeration fans and a controller; wherein,
the temperature probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting and can measure the temperature in the compost;
the oxygen content probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting through the driving rod and can be driven by the driving rod to be inserted into the pile body of the aerobic composting to measure the oxygen content of the turned pile body;
the plurality of proximity switches are arranged at intervals along the x axis and the y axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the aerobic composting fermentation tank, and divide the fermentation tank into a plurality of composting units (see fig. 2) arranged in rows and columns;
the plurality of aeration air pipes are laid at intervals at the bottom of the fermentation tank along the y axis of the rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, and each aeration air pipe corresponds to a plurality of rows of composting units which are arranged at intervals along the y axis one by one; each aeration air pipe is connected with an aeration fan;
the controller is respectively in communication connection with the proximity switches, the temperature probes and the oxygen content probes, and is respectively in electrical connection with the turner and the aeration fans, and in an initial control stage with preset duration, the controller performs aeration control on the aeration fans according to initial intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to each temperature reaction partition, adjusts the temperature reaction partition to which each composting unit belongs according to the temperature of a compost body measured by the temperature probes arranged on the turner when each composting unit is turned, and controls the aeration fans of each adjusted composting unit according to the initial intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to the adjusted temperature reaction partition; in an optimization control stage after the preset initial control stage, the controller determines the temperature reaction subarea of the current composting unit according to the temperature of the compost body of the current composting unit measured by the temperature probe, and controls the aeration fan of the current composting unit according to the optimized intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to each composting unit predetermined by the oxygen content probe.
In the above system, the plurality of proximity switches are arranged in a manner that:
according to a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, arranging a proximity switch every 2.5 meters from 0 to 100 along an x axis, arranging a proximity switch every 2.5 meters from 0 to 15 along a y axis, and dividing the interior of the fermentation tank into 200 composting units with 2.5 x 2.5 meters in transverse 40 columns and vertical 5 rows; the composting units can be sequentially divided into different temperature reaction zones from front to back according to the material reaction temperature (see figure 2). By arranging a plurality of proximity switches and utilizing a specific setting mode of the proximity switches, the stack body of which composting unit in the fermentation tank is treated by the turner can be quickly determined, and then the corresponding aeration fan which needs to be optimized is determined.
The above system further comprises: and the master control system is in communication connection with the controller and can monitor and acquire relevant data of the controller on line. The controller can upload data to a master control system through a wired network or a wireless network (such as a 5G network), so that an operator can conveniently monitor the data in time.
In the system, the optimized intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to the temperature reaction zone predetermined by the oxygen content probe by the controller is as follows:
under the state that the aeration fan of each row of composting units is started, the oxygen content at the top of the compost of each row of composting units is measured from front to back by using an oxygen content probe arranged on the turner, and the measuring method is as follows:
when the measured oxygen content at the top of the compost in a certain row of composting units reaches 20%, stopping the aeration fans in the row, recording the time length required for measuring the oxygen content at the top of the compost to be reduced to below 10% as t1 minutes, starting the aeration fans in the row, recording the time length required for measuring the oxygen content at the top of the compost to reach 20% as t2 minutes, taking t1 minutes as the optimized interval time length of the optimized intermittent aeration control time length in the row, and taking t2 minutes as the optimized continuous operation time of the optimized intermittent aeration control time length in the row. By the method, the change of the oxygen content of the compost is fully utilized, the aeration fans of different compost units can have different optimized aeration parameters, and the aeration effect of each compost unit can be controlled more accurately.
The above system further comprises: and the gas component meter is arranged at the top of the turner, is in communication connection with the controller, and can measure the concentration of harmful gas at the top of a pile in the process that the turner turns the pile of a row of composting units, and if the harmful gas is confirmed to exceed a preset value, the controller controls the aeration fan corresponding to the row of composting units to be continuously started until the harmful gas measured by the gas analyzer is lower than the preset value.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an intelligent control method of aerobic composting, which adopts the system and comprises the following steps:
separating an x axis and an axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, and separating a composting area in the fermentation tank into a plurality of composting units arranged in rows and columns;
sequentially dividing a plurality of composting units into different temperature reaction subareas along the x axis from front to back according to the material reaction temperature;
laying a plurality of aeration air pipes at the bottom of the fermentation tank at intervals along the y axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, wherein each aeration air pipe corresponds to a plurality of rows of composting units arranged at intervals along the y axis one by one; each aeration air pipe is connected with an aeration fan;
in the initial control stage of preset time length, a controller of the system carries out aeration control on each aeration fan according to the initial intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to each temperature reaction subarea, and when each composting unit is turned, the temperature reaction subarea of each composting unit is adjusted according to the temperature of a compost body measured by a temperature probe arranged on a turner, and the aeration fan of each adjusted composting unit is controlled according to the initial intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to the adjusted temperature reaction subarea;
and after the preset initial control stage, performing an optimization control stage, wherein the controller determines the temperature reaction subarea of the current composting unit according to the temperature of the compost body of the current composting unit measured by the temperature probe, and controls the aeration fan of the current composting unit according to the optimized intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to each composting unit predetermined by using the oxygen content probe arranged on the turner.
In the method, the x axis and the axis of the rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank are separated according to the following mode, and the composting area in the fermentation tank is separated into a plurality of composting units arranged in rows and columns, and the method comprises the following steps:
according to a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, a proximity switch is arranged every 2.5 meters along the x axis from 0 to 100, a proximity switch is arranged every 2.5 meters along the y axis from 0 to 15, and a composting area in the fermentation tank is divided into 200 composting units (200 composting units) with the length of 2.5 multiplied by 2.5 meters, wherein the transverse rows are 40 columns and the vertical rows are 5 rows by the arranged proximity switches;
divide a plurality of compost units into different temperature reaction subregion according to material reaction temperature along the x axle from the front to back according to following mode in proper order, include:
dividing all the composting units along the x axis into four different temperature reaction subareas of a feeding and mixing area, a heating area, a high-temperature fermentation area and a cooling and discharging area from front to back in sequence, wherein the reaction temperature of the feeding and mixing area and the heating area is 20-50 ℃; the temperature reaction in the high-temperature fermentation zone is more than 50 ℃; the temperature reaction in the reduced temperature take-off zone was less than 50 deg.C (see FIG. 3).
The basis of the division is as follows: the temperature change goes through the stages of heating up, sustaining high temperature and cooling down for a total duration of 16-20d during the whole composting process. The time required for the temperature of the stack to rise to 50 ℃ is about 2-5d, the high temperature stage (> 50 ℃) lasts for 6-8d, wherein the temperature above 60 ℃ lasts for about 4d, and the temperature of the stack is rapidly reduced from 10 th to 12 th. Therefore, the stage of the compost can be determined by the measured temperature value, and the effect of the compost can be determined by combining the position of the measured temperature. If the temperature range is in accordance with the corresponding composting area, the composting effect is normal, the aeration fan operates according to the normal design condition, and if the temperature range is not in accordance, an abnormal alarm is given.
It can be known that the temperature conditions of the zones given above are a preferred temperature, and the temperature of each reaction zone can be adjusted or fine-tuned according to actual conditions during actual operation to achieve better control effect, and is not limited to the above temperature. If the temperature in the high-temperature fermentation zone is set to, for example, 50 ℃ which is originally set lower, the temperature can be adjusted to 48 ℃ if the temperature is raised too fast.
In the method, the control time length of the initial intermittent aeration is as follows:
the default interval duration of the default intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to the feeding and mixing area and the heating area is 15 minutes;
the default interval time of the default intermittent aeration control time corresponding to the high-temperature fermentation zone is 30 minutes;
the default interval time of the default intermittent aeration control time corresponding to the cooling discharging area is 60 minutes;
and the default continuous operation time of the default intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to the feeding and mixing area, the heating area, the high-temperature fermentation area and the cooling and discharging area is 10 minutes.
Because each composting unit is divided into different temperature reaction subareas from front to back, the default intermittent aeration control duration is matched, the preliminary composting effect of each composting unit can be met, and the energy consumption of the aeration fan of each composting unit can be well controlled. Tests show that after forced ventilation for 5-10min, the oxygen concentration in the compost can be quickly recovered, and the time for reducing the oxygen concentration to the oxygen concentration which does not meet the aerobic conditions (generally considered to be about 5%) in three aerobic stages of temperature rise, high temperature and temperature reduction is about 15 min, 30min and 60min respectively.
In the method, the preset time of the initial control stage is one week after the fermentation tank is full of the stack body. Before this, each aeration fan is always operated according to the initial intermittent aeration control duration of the initial control stage.
The method of the invention firstly optimizes the temperature through measurement, the temperature can be measured at any time in the turning process, when the temperature does not accord with the different temperature reaction subareas of the compost, the corresponding composting unit can be adjusted and divided into the temperature reaction subareas corresponding to the measured temperature, and the corresponding aeration fan is adjusted to the start-stop time matched with the divided temperature reaction subareas.
After the initial control stage, the reoxygenation content is optimized, the optimized aeration parameters are obtained through oxygen content measurement, and each aeration fan is optimized.
The intermittent control parameters of the aeration fans of all the rows of composting units are optimized by the mode of measuring the oxygen content by the oxygen content probe, so that the start, stop and operation of the aeration fans can be more accurately controlled according to the change of the oxygen content, and the purpose of optimizing the energy consumption control of the aeration fans is achieved.
It can be known that, the above-mentioned manner of determining and optimizing the intermittent aeration control duration according to the oxygen content in advance can be measured and updated according to a preset control parameter update period, such as presetting 1 day, 2 days, 3 days or measuring once or many times a week, etc., and can also be set to other measurement periods at intervals, as long as the purpose of obtaining the optimal aeration fan control parameter according to the change of the oxygen content of the stack can be achieved.
Specifically, the turner is sequentially moved to 1 to 40 rows of composting units, corresponding rows of aeration fans are started (other rows of fans are operated according to the original control mode), when the oxygen content measured at the top of the pile body reaches 20%, the aeration fans are stopped, the time t1 minutes is required for measuring the oxygen content to be reduced to below 10%, and the time t2 minutes is required for measuring the oxygen content to reach 20%. Accordingly, after the aeration fans in the corresponding row are set to operate for t2 minutes every time, the operation is stopped for t1 minutes, and the operation is carried out according to the period until the parameters are measured and changed next time.
The method further comprises the following steps: and in the process of turning and throwing the compost of a row of composting units by the turner, determining the concentration of harmful gas at the top of the compost by a gas analyzer arranged on the turner, and if the harmful gas is determined to exceed a preset value, controlling the aeration fan corresponding to the row of composting units to be continuously started by the controller until the harmful gas determined by the gas analyzer is lower than the preset value.
Through the detection of the gas composition meter, when the toxic and harmful gases exceed the standard in the turning process, the aeration fans corresponding to the rows are started, the aeration quantity is increased, the concentration of the toxic and harmful gases (such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and other toxic and harmful gases) is reduced below an alarm line, and the turning safety of the stack is ensured.
In summary, the control system of the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the temperature probe and the oxygen content probe are respectively arranged on the turner, the fermentation tank is divided into the plurality of composting units according to the x axis and the y axis by arranging the plurality of proximity switches, the proximity switches can conveniently determine which composting unit is currently processed by the turner, further determine which aeration fan needs to be correspondingly optimized, and further optimally control the start, stop and operation of the aeration fan corresponding to the composting unit according to the temperature in the aerobic heap and the optimized control parameter of the aeration fan determined in advance by the oxygen content, so as to reduce energy consumption, and data can be transmitted to the central control and moving end through a network such as 5G, and the purpose of online monitoring is achieved.
In order to more clearly show the technical solutions and the technical effects provided by the present invention, the following detailed description of the intelligent control system and method for aerobic composting according to the embodiments of the present invention is provided in the following embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent control system for aerobic composting, including:
the system comprises a temperature probe 2 (which can adopt a temperature sensor, an infrared temperature measurement sensor and the like), an oxygen content probe 3, a gas composition instrument 7, a turner 1, a plurality of aeration fans 6, a controller 4, a plurality of proximity switches 5 and a master control system 8 (which comprises a control terminal such as a central control terminal and a mobile terminal).
The temperature probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting, is in communication connection with the controller and can measure the temperature in the compost; because the turner can move around in the whole fermentation tank, the temperature probe is arranged at the top of the turner, and the temperature of the stack body can be directly measured during each measurement, such as infrared measurement of the temperature of the stack body.
The oxygen content probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting through a driving rod (such as a hydraulic rod), is in communication connection with the controller, can be driven by the driving rod to be inserted into the stack body, and measures the oxygen content of the stack body turned by the turning machine;
a plurality of proximity switch all with controller communication connection, a plurality of proximity switch's the mode of setting is: the fermentation tank is set to be a rectangular coordinate system, the x axis is from 0 to 100, a proximity switch is arranged every 2.5 meters, the y axis is from 0 to 15, and a proximity switch is arranged every 2.5 meters, so that the fermentation tank can be divided into 200 small frames of 2.5 multiplied by 2.5 meters in a horizontal 40 rows and a vertical 5 rows, and when the turner passes through the corresponding proximity switch, the position of the turner can be determined. The temperature probe is arranged at the top of the turner and can measure the stack temperature at the corresponding position. And judging the composting effect through the coordinate position, and if abnormity is found, alarming. Meanwhile, the corresponding composting areas can be adjusted according to different materials, 50 ℃ (can be adjusted at any time) can be used as an index, comparison is carried out according to measured temperature parameters, and division of the composting areas is dynamically adjusted.
A plurality of aeration air pipes are arranged at the bottom along the y-axis direction, and a single aeration fan is 2.5 meters in width and 15 meters in length. 40 aeration fans for aeration are arranged in 40 rows of the fermentation tanks, and corresponding aeration fan control can be carried out according to corresponding measurement results, so that the purpose of optimizing energy consumption is achieved.
The start and stop of the aeration fan in the corresponding composting area can be carried out according to the oxygen consumption characteristics of different stages of composting, and the time for reducing the oxygen concentration to not meet the aerobic conditions (generally considered to be about 5%) in three aerobic stages of temperature rise, high temperature and temperature reduction is about 15 min, 30min and 60min respectively through measurement. In order to achieve a better composting effect, an aeration fan is needed to keep the oxygen concentration in the compost body above 10%. But in the operation process, the more detailed adjustment is still needed according to the actual composting situation of the materials. Therefore, the top of the turner is also provided with an oxygen content probe, so that the oxygen content in the stack body can be measured.
According to the figure 3, all the composting units are divided into a feeding and mixing area, a heating area, a high-temperature fermentation area and a cooling and discharging area from front to back, and generally, 1-12 rows of composting units are the feeding and mixing area and the heating area, and the temperature is 20-50 ℃; 13-26 rows of composting units are high-temperature fermentation areas, and the temperature is generally higher than 50 ℃; the 27-40 rows of composting units are cooling discharge areas, and the temperature is generally less than 50 ℃.
The turning machine firstly determines the position through a proximity switch, roughly judges the located composting area, then determines which area of a feeding and mixing area, an increasing temperature area, a high-temperature fermentation area and a cooling and discharging area the currently located composting unit belongs to by measuring the temperature to be more than or less than 50 ℃ (the parameters can be adjusted), the default aeration parameters of all areas are as follows, the default interval duration of an aeration fan is 60min respectively for the feeding and mixing area and the increasing temperature area 15, the high-temperature fermentation area 30 and the cooling and discharging area, and the fan opening time is defaulted to be 10min (namely the continuous operation duration).
In order to more accurately confirm the start-stop time of the aeration fans of all the rows of composting units, the following determination operations can be completed on the corresponding row of composting units by utilizing the oxygen content determinator on the turner in cooperation with the corresponding aeration fans to obtain the corresponding optimized control parameters of the aeration fans:
moving the turner to 1-40 rows of composting units in sequence, starting corresponding aeration fans, stopping the aeration fans when the oxygen content at the top of the stack body is measured to reach 20%, measuring the time t1 minutes required by the oxygen content to be reduced to below 10%, starting the aeration fans, and measuring the time t2 minutes required by the oxygen content to reach 20%. Accordingly, after the aeration fans in the corresponding row are set to operate for t2 minutes every time, the operation is stopped for t1 minutes, and the operation is carried out according to the period until the parameters are measured and changed next time.
In the daily operation process, the parameters of the aeration fan are not adjusted frequently, and corresponding calibration can be carried out according to the temperature and the division of reaction zones with different temperatures; or the abnormal condition can be used as the parameter adjusting signal of the aeration fan according to the temperature measurement.
Because the turner also needs to turn over and throw every day, the width of the turner is 2.5 meters, and when one row of composting units on the y axis is turned over and thrown every time, the next row of composting units is turned over and thrown from 0 to 100 along the x axis; the turner capacity is about 4-5m 3 A/minute, so the time required to flip a row is about 4 minutes. When the turner reaches the corresponding x +2 rows of composting units, the aeration fans of the x rows stop working, and when the turner works to reach the x-2 rows of composting units, the aeration fans of the x rows continue to work.
In addition, the gas composition instrument is arranged on the turner and is in communication connection with the controller, the concentration of toxic and harmful gas in the turning process is measured through the arranged gas composition instrument, when the measurement exceeds the standard, the aeration fans in corresponding rows are started, the aeration amount is increased, and the toxic and harmful gas concentration is reduced below an alarm line and can be stopped. Through measuring the concentration of poisonous and harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide to report to the police when concentration exceeds standard, simultaneously through increaseing aeration fan air volume, dilute poisonous and harmful gas, promote the security that the heap body was turned over and is thrown.
In the embodiment, the working states of the turner are divided into two types, one is turning and carrying, and the material can be turned and moved; the other is that the turned rake teeth are lifted up and move without load, so that the other rake can be turned over from the head.
The measured temperature can be measured in the turning process, and the materials on the turning process are directly measured by an infrared thermometer.
The operation of measuring the oxygen content belongs to the action of the turner except the normal turning operation, belongs to the idle state, and is equivalent to measuring the oxygen content only and running once for measuring the oxygen content.
The division into zones is changed only by temperature measurement after default setting.
The aeration fans of each row operate according to the preset initial start-stop time, the time can be changed only after the composting area is divided again, and the other condition is optimized through an oxygen content meter.
The controller is equivalent to an execution layer of the control system, different temperature reaction subareas are divided according to a default composting area, and the fans of all areas are controlled to operate according to a default mode; when optimization is needed, the turner is controlled to be in no-load state to measure the temperature, the division of the area is adjusted, and the operation time of the fan is further adjusted; when further optimization is needed, the turner is controlled to move to a certain area in an idle load mode to measure the change of the oxygen content, and aeration optimization parameters are obtained to optimize the operation time of the aeration fan.
Example 2
When the turner performs the task of turning the composting units of y1 rows, the turner runs from the composting unit at the discharging end to the composting unit at the feeding end, the aeration fans of the composting units of x100 and x99 and x98 columns are suspended, and as the turner runs to the composting unit of x98 columns, the aeration fans of the x96 columns are suspended, and the aeration fans of the x100 columns continue to work before suspension. The control of the pause of the aeration fan has the following advantages: firstly, materials can contact with air in the turning process, the same aeration effect can be achieved, and aeration is not needed; in addition, the material can be moved in the turning process, the material can be thinned at some positions, and dust can be blown up when the fan is aerated.
Example 3
And (3) carrying out oxygen content determination work on the turner, lifting the turner rake teeth, moving the turner on the fermentation tank in an idle load manner, when the turner moves to the composting units in x6 rows and y1 rows and the aeration fans in x6 rows stop for 10min, determining that the composting temperature is 50 ℃ and the oxygen content is 8%, indicating that the composting temperature is normally increased, and aerobic bacteria are active, wherein the composting units in x6 rows can be defined as an temperature-increasing region. And then, starting oxygen content measurement, starting an aeration fan in the row x6, stopping aeration after the oxygen content of the stack body is increased to 20%, then after 9min, reducing the oxygen content of the stack body to 10%, starting an aeration fan in the row x6, and after 5min, increasing the oxygen content of the stack body to 20%.
Therefore, the aeration fan of x6 row is set to run for 5min, and is stopped for 9min, and the operation is stabilized according to the frequency until the parameters are adjusted next time.
After the operation is carried out for a period of time, the composting temperature is 60 ℃ after the turner determines that the aeration fans of x6 columns and y1 rows stop for 10min, at the moment, the composting units of x6 columns can be divided into high-temperature areas, and the stop time of the aeration fans of x6 columns can be properly prolonged to 11min (10-20 percent of amplitude). And continuously observing the change of the composting area and correspondingly adjusting.
Example 4
The composting units in x68 row and y5 row are divided into a high temperature zone in front, the temperature measured after the fan stops for 10min is 45 ℃, and the temperature is reduced compared with the temperature measured in the front, so the composting units in x68 row can be adjusted into a cooling zone, the aeration fan in x68 row runs for 5min and stops for 30min, the operation parameters of the aeration fan can be properly adjusted, and the stop time is prolonged to 35 min.
By the intelligent control system, the start-stop and running time of the aeration fan can be optimized according to parameters such as temperature, oxygen content and the like in the aerobic pile, the energy consumption of the aeration running of the compost is reduced, and data can be transmitted to a central control and moving end through networks such as 5G and the like, so that the aim of on-line monitoring is fulfilled.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. An aerobic composting intelligent control system is characterized by comprising:
the device comprises a temperature probe, an oxygen content probe, a plurality of proximity switches, a plurality of aeration air pipes, a plurality of aeration fans and a controller; wherein,
the temperature probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting and can measure the temperature in the compost;
the oxygen content probe is arranged at the top of the turning machine for aerobic composting through the driving rod and can be driven by the driving rod to be inserted into the pile body of the aerobic composting to measure the oxygen content of the turned pile body;
the plurality of proximity switches are arranged at intervals along the x axis and the y axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the aerobic composting fermentation tank and divide the fermentation tank into a plurality of composting units arranged in rows and columns;
the plurality of aeration air pipes are laid at intervals at the bottom of the fermentation tank along the y axis of the rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, and each aeration air pipe corresponds to a plurality of rows of composting units arranged at intervals along the y axis one by one; each aeration air pipe is connected with an aeration fan;
the controller is respectively in communication connection with the proximity switches, the temperature probes and the oxygen content probes, and is respectively in electrical connection with the turner and the aeration fans, and in an initial control stage with preset duration, the controller performs aeration control on the aeration fans according to initial intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to each temperature reaction partition, adjusts the temperature reaction partition to which each composting unit belongs according to the temperature of a compost body measured by the temperature probes arranged on the turner when each composting unit is turned, and controls the aeration fans of each adjusted composting unit according to the initial intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to the adjusted temperature reaction partition; in an optimization control stage after the preset initial control stage, the controller determines the temperature reaction subarea of the current composting unit according to the temperature of the compost body of the current composting unit measured by the temperature probe, and controls the aeration fan of the current composting unit according to the optimized intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to each composting unit predetermined by the oxygen content probe.
2. The intelligent control system for aerobic composting according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of proximity switches are arranged in a manner that:
according to a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, arranging a proximity switch every 2.5 meters from 0 to 100 along an x axis, arranging a proximity switch every 2.5 meters from 0 to 15 along a y axis, and dividing the interior of the fermentation tank into 200 composting units with 2.5 x 2.5 meters in transverse 40 columns and vertical 5 rows; a plurality of composting units can be divided into reaction zones with different temperatures in sequence from front to back according to the reaction temperature of materials.
3. The intelligent control system for aerobic composting according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: and the master control system is in communication connection with the controller and can monitor and acquire relevant data of the controller on line.
4. The intelligent control system for aerobic composting as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the optimized intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to the temperature reaction zone predetermined by the controller by using the oxygen content probe is as follows:
under the state that the aeration fan of each row of composting units is started, the oxygen content at the top of the compost of each row of composting units is measured from front to back by using an oxygen content probe arranged on the turner, and the measuring method is as follows:
when the measured oxygen content at the top of the compost in a certain row of composting units reaches 20%, stopping the aeration fans in the row, recording the time length required for measuring the oxygen content at the top of the compost to be reduced to below 10% as t1 minutes, starting the aeration fans in the row, recording the time length required for measuring the oxygen content at the top of the compost to reach 20% as t2 minutes, taking t1 minutes as the optimized interval time length of the optimized intermittent aeration control time length in the row, and taking t2 minutes as the optimized continuous operation time of the optimized intermittent aeration control time length in the row.
5. The intelligent control system for aerobic composting according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: and the gas component meter is arranged at the top of the turner, is in communication connection with the controller, can measure the concentration of harmful gas at the top of the pile in the process of turning the pile of a row of composting units by the turner, and controls the aeration fan corresponding to the row of composting units to be continuously started by the controller until the harmful gas measured by the gas analyzer is lower than a preset value if the harmful gas is confirmed to exceed the preset value.
6. An intelligent control method for aerobic composting, characterized in that the system of any one of claims 1-5 is adopted, comprising the following steps:
separating an x axis and an axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, and separating a composting area in the fermentation tank into a plurality of composting units arranged in rows and columns;
sequentially dividing a plurality of composting units into different temperature reaction subareas along the x axis from front to back according to the material reaction temperature;
laying a plurality of aeration air pipes at the bottom of the fermentation tank at intervals along the y axis of a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, wherein each aeration air pipe corresponds to a plurality of rows of composting units arranged at intervals along the y axis one by one; each aeration air pipe is connected with an aeration fan;
in the initial control stage of preset time length, a controller of the system carries out aeration control on each aeration fan according to the initial intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to each temperature reaction subarea, and when each composting unit is turned, the temperature reaction subarea of each composting unit is adjusted according to the temperature of a compost body measured by a temperature probe arranged on a turner, and the aeration fan of each adjusted composting unit is controlled according to the initial intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to the adjusted temperature reaction subarea;
and after the preset initial control stage, performing an optimization control stage, wherein the controller determines the temperature reaction subarea of the current composting unit according to the temperature of the compost body of the current composting unit measured by the temperature probe, and controls the aeration fan of the current composting unit according to the optimized intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to each composting unit predetermined by using the oxygen content probe arranged on the turner.
7. An intelligent control method for aerobic composting according to claim 6 wherein the x-axis and the axis of the rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank are divided to divide the composting area in the fermentation tank into a plurality of composting units arranged in rows and columns, comprising:
according to a rectangular coordinate system corresponding to the fermentation tank, a proximity switch is arranged every 2.5 meters along the x axis from 0 to 100, a proximity switch is arranged every 2.5 meters along the y axis from 0 to 15, and a composting area in the fermentation tank is divided into 200 composting units of 2.5 multiplied by 2.5 meters in transverse 40 columns and vertical 5 rows through the arranged proximity switches;
divide a plurality of compost units into different temperature reaction subregion according to material reaction temperature along the x axle from the front to back according to following mode in proper order, include:
dividing all the rows of composting units along an x axis into four different temperature reaction subareas, namely a feeding and mixing area, a heating area, a high-temperature fermentation area and a cooling and discharging area from front to back, wherein the reaction temperature of the feeding and mixing area and the heating area is 20-50 ℃; the temperature reaction in the high-temperature fermentation zone is more than 50 ℃; the temperature of the cooling discharge area is reduced to be less than 50 ℃.
8. The intelligent control method for aerobic composting according to claim 6 or 7,
in the method, the control time length of the initial intermittent aeration is as follows:
the default interval duration of the default intermittent aeration control duration corresponding to the feeding and mixing area and the heating area is 15 minutes;
the default interval time of the default intermittent aeration control time corresponding to the high-temperature fermentation zone is 30 minutes;
the default interval time of the default intermittent aeration control time corresponding to the cooling discharging area is 60 minutes;
and the default continuous operation time of the default intermittent aeration control time length corresponding to the feeding and mixing area, the heating area, the high-temperature fermentation area and the cooling and discharging area is 10 minutes.
9. The intelligent control method for aerobic composting according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the method further comprises:
and in the process of turning and throwing the compost of a row of composting units by the turner, determining the concentration of harmful gas at the top of the compost by a gas analyzer arranged on the turner, and if the concentration of the harmful gas is confirmed to exceed a preset value, controlling the aeration fan corresponding to the row of composting units to be continuously started by the controller until the concentration of the harmful gas determined by the gas analyzer is lower than the preset value.
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