CN114951606B - Vacuum suspension casting equipment and process - Google Patents
Vacuum suspension casting equipment and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114951606B CN114951606B CN202210642126.3A CN202210642126A CN114951606B CN 114951606 B CN114951606 B CN 114951606B CN 202210642126 A CN202210642126 A CN 202210642126A CN 114951606 B CN114951606 B CN 114951606B
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- pressurizing
- suction
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003027 ear inner Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses vacuum suspension casting equipment and a vacuum suspension casting process, comprising a heat preservation furnace; an aluminum liquid is arranged in the pressurizing chamber of the heat preservation furnace; the holding furnace is also connected with a suspension casting assembly; a casting die is arranged in the negative pressure chamber, and the negative pressure chamber is arranged on the bottom platen; the negative pressure chamber is arranged above the heat preservation furnace; the casting mould is communicated with the pressurizing chamber through a suction casting channel; the negative pressure chamber is also connected with a vacuum adjusting component and a pressure adjusting component; the casting mould comprises a bottom mould, an upper mould and a three-sided mould; the contact surface of the side die, the bottom die and the upper die is provided with a v-shaped exhaust groove; the bottom die, the upper die and the three-side die are assembled to form a cavity. According to the invention, the cavity is vacuumized through designing the vacuum casting process, so that the negative pressure is adopted in the cavity, the metal liquid is stably filled in the cavity, and the oxidation slag inclusion and the aluminum liquid splashing are reduced; the defect of casting air holes can be effectively reduced; therefore, the filling capacity is strong, and the filling effect on the rim can be better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to vacuum suspension casting equipment and a vacuum suspension casting process.
Background
In the process of producing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the existing casting technology, the average rejection rate of casting air holes is high; in addition, in the production process, the aluminum liquid is not stably filled in the cavity, and the phenomenon of gas rolling easily occurs, so that oxidized slag inclusion and aluminum liquid splashing are caused.
The vacuum casting process is designed for solving the problems, the casting mold is vacuumized through the vacuum pump, so that negative pressure is generated in the cavity, the metal liquid is stably filled in the cavity, the phenomenon of gas rolling does not occur, the oxidation slag inclusion and the splashing of the aluminum liquid are reduced, the solidification of the metal liquid is realized under the vacuum condition, the gas separated out in the solidification process is easy to float and escape, the air holes are not easy to form in the casting, and the defect of the air holes of the casting can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the back pressure of the cavity is small during the filling, so that the filling capacity is strong, and the rim can be fed better.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide vacuum suspension casting equipment and a vacuum suspension casting process, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides vacuum suspension casting equipment, which comprises a heat preservation furnace; an aluminum liquid is arranged in the pressurizing chamber of the heat preservation furnace; the heat preservation furnace is also connected with a suspension casting assembly;
a negative pressure chamber; a casting die is arranged in the negative pressure chamber, and the negative pressure chamber is arranged on the bottom platen; the negative pressure chamber is arranged above the heat preservation furnace; the casting die is communicated with the pressurizing chamber through a suction casting channel; the negative pressure chamber is also connected with a vacuum adjusting component and a pressure adjusting component;
the casting die comprises a bottom die, an upper die and a three-sided die; the contact surface of the side die, the bottom die and the upper die is provided with a v-shaped exhaust groove; and the bottom die, the upper die and the three-side die are assembled to form a cavity.
The top cover of the heat preservation furnace is provided with a heat preservation furnace cover, and the center of the heat preservation furnace cover is provided with a through groove for installing the suction casting channel; the aluminum liquid in the pressurizing chamber is in a molten state;
the suspension casting assembly comprises a pressurizing pump and a pressurizing electromagnetic valve; the pressurizing pump and the pressurizing electromagnetic valve are respectively communicated with the pressurizing chamber through pressurizing pipelines.
The suction casting channel comprises a liquid lifting pipe and a liquid suction pipe; one end of the liquid lifting pipe is inserted into the aluminum liquid and is arranged close to the bottom of the pressurizing chamber; the other end of the liquid lifting pipe penetrates through the through groove and is communicated with one end of the liquid suction pipe; the liquid suction pipe penetrates through the bottom table plate and extends into the cavity; a reinforcing support piece is further arranged at the communication part of the liquid lifting pipe and the liquid suction pipe; and two ends of the reinforcement support piece are respectively abutted with the through groove and the bottom table plate.
The casting die further comprises a side die sealing cover and an upper die sealing cover; the side die sealing covers are provided with three, and second spaces are respectively formed with the side walls of the three side dies; two ends of each side die sealing cover are respectively and hermetically connected with the upper die and the bottom die through high-temperature-resistant sealing rings;
the upper die sealing cover is arranged above the upper die and is provided with a first space; the upper die sealing cover is in sealing connection with the upper die through the high-temperature-resistant sealing ring; the second space and the first space are communicated with the negative pressure chamber.
The v-shaped exhaust groove comprises a first suction groove, a second suction groove and a third suction groove; the cavity is communicated with the first space through the first suction groove formed in the central ejector rod;
the second suction groove is formed on the assembling surface of the side die and the bottom die; the third suction groove is formed on the assembling surface of the side die and the upper die; the second suction groove and the third suction groove are both arranged on the side die and are radially distributed along the center; the cavity is communicated with the second space through the second suction groove and the third suction groove.
The vacuum adjusting assembly comprises a vacuum pump and a throttle valve; the vacuum pump is communicated with the negative pressure chamber through a negative pressure pipeline, and the throttle valve is arranged at the output end of the vacuum pump.
The pressure regulating assembly comprises a negative pressure electromagnetic valve which is connected with the vacuum regulating assembly in parallel and communicated with the negative pressure chamber through a negative pressure pipeline.
A vacuum suspension casting process comprising the steps of:
lifting liquid; regulating the standard atmospheric pressure to 0, closing the casting mold, closing a negative pressure electromagnetic valve, opening a pressurizing electromagnetic valve, starting a vacuum pump, reducing the pressure in the negative pressure chamber by controlling the opening of a throttle valve, and pumping out the gas in the lift tube, the liquid suction tube and the cavity through a first space and a second space along a first suction groove, a second suction groove and a third suction groove, wherein the pressure of the heat preservation furnace is 0, and the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace reaches the highest point of the bottom mold through the lift tube and the liquid suction tube under the action of negative pressure;
filling; the opening of the throttle valve is regulated to change the pressure in the negative pressure chamber, and the aluminum liquid is filled under the negative pressure until the aluminum liquid fills the cavity;
pressurizing; the pressurizing electromagnetic valve is closed, the negative pressure of the negative pressure chamber is kept unchanged, and the pressurizing chamber is pressurized by the pressurizing pump until the pressurizing pressure is reached;
maintaining pressure; the pressurizing chamber keeps the maintaining pressure unchanged, the vacuum pump is closed, and the negative pressure electromagnetic valve is opened when the outer surface of the inner ear edge is solidified;
decompression; after the pressure maintaining is finished, the pressurizing pump is closed, the pressurizing electromagnetic valve is opened, the mold is opened after the pressure is released to the suspension pressure, and the mold is closed after the mold is taken out.
The holding pressure is kept until the aluminum liquid in the cavity is completely solidified; and after the outer surface of the inner ear is solidified, the vacuum pump is closed, and the negative pressure electromagnetic valve is opened to adjust to the standard atmospheric pressure.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: according to the invention, the vacuum casting process is designed to vacuumize the cavity, so that negative pressure is adopted in the cavity, the molten metal is stably filled in the cavity, the phenomenon of gas coiling does not occur, the oxidation slag inclusion and the splashing of the molten metal are reduced, the solidification of the molten metal is realized under the vacuum condition, the gas separated out in the solidification process is easy to float and escape, the air holes are not easy to form in the casting, and the defect of the air holes of the casting can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the back pressure of the cavity is small during the filling, so that the filling capacity is strong, and the rim can be fed better.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the overall structure;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a V-shaped vent slot;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a vacuum casting pressurization process;
wherein, 1, a heat preservation furnace; 2. an aluminum liquid; 3. a lift tube; 4. a heat preservation furnace cover; 5. a pipette; 6. a bottom platen; 7. a bottom die; 8. a side mold sealing cover; 9. a side mold; 10. an upper die; 11. an upper die sealing cover; 12. a sealing cover; 13. a cavity; 14. a central ejector rod; 15. a first suction groove; 16. a second suction groove; 17. high temperature resistant sealing ring; 18. a third suction groove; 19. a negative pressure chamber; 20. a pressurizing chamber; 21. a pressurizing pump; 22. a pressurizing electromagnetic valve; 23. a negative pressure electromagnetic valve; 24. a vacuum pump; 25. a throttle valve; 100. a first space; 200. and a second space.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
The invention provides vacuum suspension casting equipment, which comprises
A holding furnace 1; an aluminum liquid 2 is arranged in the pressurizing chamber 20 of the holding furnace 1; the holding furnace 1 is also connected with a suspension casting assembly;
a negative pressure chamber 19; a casting mould is arranged in the negative pressure chamber 19, and the negative pressure chamber 19 is arranged on the bottom platen 6; the negative pressure chamber 19 is arranged above the holding furnace 1; the casting mold is communicated with the pressurizing room 20 through a suction casting channel; the negative pressure chamber 19 is also connected with a vacuum adjusting component and a pressure adjusting component;
the casting mould comprises a bottom mould 7, an upper mould 10 and a three-side mould 9; the contact surface of the side die 9, the bottom die 7 and the upper die 10 is provided with a v-shaped exhaust groove; the bottom die 7, the upper die 10 and the three-sided die 9 are assembled to form a cavity 13.
The top of the heat preservation furnace 1 is covered with a heat preservation furnace cover 4, and the center of the heat preservation furnace cover 4 is provided with a through groove for installing a suction casting channel; the molten aluminum 2 in the pressurizing chamber 20 is in a molten state;
the suspension casting assembly comprises a pressurizing pump 21 and a pressurizing electromagnetic valve 22; the pressurizing pump 21 and the pressurizing solenoid valve 22 are respectively communicated with the pressurizing chamber 20 through pressurizing pipes.
The suction casting channel comprises a lift tube 3 and a liquid suction tube 5; one end of the liquid lifting pipe 3 is inserted into the aluminum liquid 2 and is arranged close to the bottom of the pressurizing chamber 20; the other end of the lift tube 3 is communicated with one end of the liquid suction tube 5 through the through groove; the liquid suction pipe 5 penetrates through the bottom bedplate 6 and extends into the cavity 13; the communicating part of the liquid lifting pipe 3 and the liquid suction pipe 5 is also provided with a reinforcing support piece; two ends of the reinforcement support piece are respectively abutted with the through groove and the bottom plate 6.
The casting mould also comprises a side mould sealing cover 8 and an upper mould sealing cover 11; the side die sealing covers 8 are provided with three, and a second space 200 is formed between the side die sealing covers and the side walls of the three side dies 9 respectively; the two ends of each side die sealing cover 8 are respectively and hermetically connected with the upper die 10 and the bottom die 7 through high-temperature-resistant sealing rings 17;
the upper die sealing cover 11 is arranged above the upper die 10 and is formed with a first space 100; the upper die sealing cover 11 is in sealing connection with the upper die 10 through a high-temperature-resistant sealing ring 17; the second space 200 and the first space 100 are both in communication with the negative pressure chamber 19.
The v-shaped exhaust groove comprises a first suction groove 15, a second suction groove 16 and a third suction groove 18; the cavity 13 is communicated with the first space 100 through a first suction groove 15 formed on the central ejector rod 14;
the second suction groove 16 is formed on the assembly surface of the side die 9 and the bottom die 7; the third suction groove 18 is formed on the assembling surface of the side die 9 and the upper die 10; the second suction groove 16 and the third suction groove 18 are both arranged on the side die 9 and are radially distributed along the center; the cavity 13 communicates with the second space 200 through the second suction groove 16 and the third suction groove 18.
The vacuum regulating assembly comprises a vacuum pump 24 and a throttle valve 25; the vacuum pump 24 is communicated with the negative pressure chamber 19 through a negative pressure pipeline, and a throttle valve 25 is arranged at the output end of the vacuum pump 24.
The pressure regulating assembly comprises a negative pressure electromagnetic valve 23, wherein the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 23 is connected with the vacuum regulating assembly in parallel and is communicated with the negative pressure chamber 19 through a negative pressure pipeline.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the radial groove depth H of the v-shaped exhaust groove is 0.6-1mm; the opening angle is 60-90 degrees.
In one embodiment of the invention, pressure sensors are also arranged on the pressurizing pipeline and the negative pressure pipeline; for determining the pressure conditions in the pressurizing chamber 20 and the negative pressure chamber 19, respectively.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, a vacuum suspension casting process includes the following stages, at the time of first piece production:
1) 0-1 liter liquid stage: the standard atmospheric pressure is 0, the casting mould is closed, the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 23 is closed, the pressurizing electromagnetic valve 22 is in an opened state, the vacuum pump 24 is started, the pressure in the negative pressure chamber 19 is reduced along 0-1 by controlling the opening of the throttle valve 25, and the gas in the liquid lifting tube 3, the liquid suction tube 5 and the cavity 13 is pumped out along the first suction groove 15, the second suction groove 16 and the third suction groove 18 through the low-pressure space 100, the second empty space 200 and the negative pressure chamber 19, at the moment, the pressure of the heat preservation furnace 1 is 0, and the aluminum liquid 2 in the heat preservation furnace 1 reaches the highest point of the bottom mould 7 through the liquid lifting tube 3 and the liquid suction tube 4 under the negative pressure.
2) 1-2 filling stage: by adjusting the opening of the throttle valve 25, the pressure in the negative pressure chamber 19 is changed along the line 1-2, the aluminum liquid 2 is filled under the action of negative pressure, and when the aluminum liquid 2 reaches T2, the cavity 13 is filled with the aluminum liquid 2.
3) B-C pressurization stage: the pressurizing solenoid valve 22 is closed, the negative pressure-P2' of the negative pressure chamber 19 is kept unchanged, the pressurizing chamber 20 is pressurized from 0 to P3 by the pressurizing pump 21, and sufficient feeding pressure is provided for the hub in time.
4) C-D pressure maintaining stage: when T4 is reached, the outer surface of the inner rim is solidified, the vacuum pump 24 is closed, the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 23 is opened to the atmosphere, and when T5 is reached, the pressure of the negative pressure chamber 19 is 0, and the pressurizing chamber 20 maintains the pressurizing pressures P3 to T6.
5) D-E decompression stage: when the pressure reaches T6, the pressurizing pump 21 is closed, the pressurizing solenoid valve 22 is opened, and when the pressure is released to P0 (suspension pressure) at T7, the pressurizing solenoid valve 22 is closed, the aluminum liquid 2 in the liquid lift tube 3 flows back, and the aluminum liquid stays at a position higher than the liquid level H of the holding furnace 1.
Further, the second piece production includes the following stages:
6) 0'-1' liquid lifting stage: closing the mould and carrying out negative pressure electromagnetic valve; 23 is closed, and the vacuum pump 24 and the pressurizing pump 21 are started; (if the pressure pump is not opened at this stage, the pressure in the holding furnace will continuously drop and cannot be kept at P0, and the pressure will continuously drop with the holding furnace until vacuum is formed (no gas enters the holding furnace), and the aluminum liquid will not be completely filled.)
The opening of the throttle valve 25 is controlled to reduce the pressure in the negative pressure chamber 19 along 0'-1', the pressure of the holding furnace 1 is kept at P0, the aluminum liquid 2 in the holding furnace 1 reaches the highest point of the bottom die through the liquid lifting pipe 3 and the liquid suction pipe 5 under the action of negative pressure, and the pressure in the negative pressure chamber 19 is at the moment-P1.
7) 1'-2' filling stage: by adjusting the opening of the throttle valve 25, the pressure in the negative pressure chamber 19 is changed along the direction of 1'-2', the aluminum liquid 2 is filled under the action of negative pressure, and when the aluminum liquid 2 is filled in the cavity 13 at the time of T2, the pressure in the pressurizing chamber is kept at P0.
8) B' -C pressurization stage: the negative pressure of the negative pressure chamber is kept unchanged, the pressurizing chamber is pressurized from P0 to P3 through the pressurizing pump, and sufficient feeding pressure is provided for the hub in time.
9) C-D pressure maintaining stage: when T4 is reached, the outer surface of the inner rim is solidified, the vacuum pump is closed, the negative pressure electromagnetic valve is opened and is communicated with the atmosphere, when T5' is reached, the pressure of the negative pressure chamber is 0, and the pressurizing chamber keeps the pressurizing pressures P3 to T6.
10 D-E pressure release stage: when the pressure reaches T6, the pressurizing pump 21 is closed, the pressurizing solenoid valve 22 is opened, and when the pressure is released to P0 (suspension pressure) at T7, the pressurizing solenoid valve 22 is closed, the aluminum liquid 2 in the liquid lift tube 3 flows back, and the aluminum liquid stays at a position higher than the liquid level H of the holding furnace 1.
11 After the normal demoulding and the piece taking, starting the next cycle, and when the final piece is produced to T6, closing the pressurizing pump, and opening the pressurizing electromagnetic valve to release pressure to 0.
Further as shown, the pressures p1=p1 ' -p0, p2=p2 ' -p0, curves 0-1-2-3-4 have the same slope as 0' -1' -2' -3' -4'
P0 suspension pressure: 80-120mbar; p1' pressure: 180-240mbar; p2' pressure: 300-360mbar; p3 pressure: 900-1200mbar
0-T1：7-10s；T1-T2：18-24s；T2-T3：10-16s；T3-T4：10-25s；T4-T5:10-20s；T3-T6:130-270s；T6-T7:35-45s。
In one embodiment of the invention, the process adopts a process form of combining vacuum suction casting, low-pressure casting and suspension casting; further, a vacuum suction casting process is used in the liquid lifting and filling stage, and vacuum is pumped through a vacuum channel at the matching position of the mould, so that negative pressure is generated on the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace to attract the aluminum liquid to the cavity of the casting mould;
the process is adopted to ensure that the aluminum liquid is stably filled, and the defects of turbulent gas rolling, oxide scale, insufficient pouring and the like are reduced; the casting mold has the advantages of high yield, stable molten metal filling, less slag inclusion and splashing during suction casting, reduced air holes and slag inclusion and other defects of the casting, and improved yield. In addition, the casting can be performed at a lower casting temperature, so that the crystal grains of the casting are thinned, and the mechanical property is improved.
The mold has good mold filling capability; during suction casting, the back pressure in the casting mold cavity is small, and the filling speed is adjustable, so that the filling capacity is high, and the defects of insufficient casting and cold insulation caused by unsmooth mold exhaust are reduced.
Under negative pressure, the precipitation of hydrogen in the filling process of the aluminum liquid is increased, the density of the aluminum liquid is improved, and the defect of casting pinholes is reduced. The suspension process avoids the situation that slag inclusion defects are increased due to slag accumulation and rising at the bottom of the heat preservation furnace caused by falling of aluminum liquid in the riser tube after pressure relief.
Furthermore, the traditional low-pressure casting process is adopted in the pressure increasing and maintaining stage, the vacuum cover around the die is decompressed, the pressure in the heat preservation furnace begins to be increased, the aluminum liquid is sequentially solidified under higher pressure, and the traditional low-pressure process is adopted to better perform sequential feeding, so that the cast is compact in structure, loose in structure is reduced, and the material performance is improved;
furthermore, if only the vacuum suction casting mode is adopted, the problem of shrinkage porosity of the rim part of the casting is very remarkable, because the shrinkage porosity of the rim is very easy to occur due to the fact that the feeding gradient caused by lifting of materials is smaller and even the shrinkage porosity of the rim is very easy to occur, and the problem of the shrinkage porosity of the rim can be improved to a great extent by adopting a traditional low-pressure process at the stage.
Furthermore, the pressure release stage adopts a suspension process, the traditional low-pressure casting process is to release the pressure in the heat preservation furnace to 0mbar, then the mould is opened, the part is taken out and the mould is closed to enter the next production cycle, however, the suspension process is to release the pressure in the heat preservation furnace to a certain value, so that the aluminum liquid in the liquid lifting pipe cannot fall back to the bottom of the heat preservation furnace completely, and the condition that the impact is caused to the slag storage at the bottom of the heat preservation furnace by the pressure release aluminum liquid falling back under the traditional low-pressure process to cause the slag inclusion defect of the next product is avoided.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A vacuum suspension casting process comprising a vacuum suspension casting apparatus, the vacuum suspension casting apparatus comprising:
a holding furnace (1); an aluminum liquid (2) is arranged in a pressurizing chamber (20) of the heat preservation furnace (1); the heat preservation furnace (1) is also connected with a suspension casting assembly;
a negative pressure chamber (19); a casting die is arranged in the negative pressure chamber (19), and the negative pressure chamber (19) is arranged on the bottom platen (6); the negative pressure chamber (19) is arranged above the heat preservation furnace (1); the casting mould is communicated with the pressurizing chamber (20) through a suction casting channel; the negative pressure chamber (19) is also connected with a vacuum adjusting component and a pressure adjusting component;
the casting die comprises a bottom die (7), an upper die (10) and three side dies (9); the contact surface of the side die (9) with the bottom die (7) and the upper die (10) is provided with a v-shaped exhaust groove; the bottom die (7), the upper die (10) and the three-side die (9) are clamped to form a die cavity (13); a heat preservation furnace cover (4) is arranged on the top cover of the heat preservation furnace (1), and a through groove for installing the suction casting channel is formed in the center of the heat preservation furnace cover (4); the aluminum liquid (2) in the pressurizing chamber (20) is in a molten state;
the suspension casting assembly comprises a pressurizing pump (21) and a pressurizing electromagnetic valve (22); the pressurizing pump (21) and the pressurizing electromagnetic valve (22) are respectively communicated with the pressurizing chamber (20) through pressurizing pipelines; the suction casting channel comprises a lift tube (3) and a liquid suction tube (5); one end of the liquid lifting pipe (3) is inserted into the aluminum liquid (2) and is arranged close to the bottom of the pressurizing chamber (20); the other end of the liquid lifting pipe penetrates through the through groove and is communicated with one end of the liquid suction pipe (5); the liquid suction pipe (5) penetrates through the bottom bedplate (6) and stretches into the cavity (13); the communicating part of the liquid lifting pipe (3) and the liquid suction pipe (5) is also provided with a reinforcing support piece; two ends of the reinforcement support piece are respectively abutted with the through groove and the bottom table plate (6); the casting mould also comprises a side mould sealing cover (8) and an upper mould sealing cover (11); the side die sealing covers (8) are provided with three, and second spaces (200) are respectively formed with the side walls of the three side dies (9); two ends of each side die sealing cover (8) are respectively connected with the upper die (10) and the bottom die (7) in a sealing way through a high-temperature-resistant sealing ring (17);
the upper die sealing cover (11) is arranged above the upper die (10) and is provided with a first space (100); the upper die sealing cover (11) is in sealing connection with the upper die (10) through the high-temperature-resistant sealing ring (17); the second space (200) and the first space (100) are communicated with the negative pressure chamber (19); the v-shaped exhaust groove comprises a first suction groove (15), a second suction groove (16) and a third suction groove (18); the cavity (13) is communicated with the first space (100) through the first suction groove (15) formed in the central ejector rod (14);
the second suction groove (16) is formed on the assembling surface of the side die (9) and the bottom die (7); the third suction groove (18) is formed on the assembly surface of the side die (9) and the upper die (10); the second suction groove (16) and the third suction groove (18) are both arranged on the side die (9) and are radially distributed along the center; the cavity (13) is communicated with the second space (200) through a second suction groove (16) and a third suction groove (18); the vacuum adjusting assembly comprises a vacuum pump (24) and a throttle valve (25); the vacuum pump (24) is communicated with the negative pressure chamber (19) through a negative pressure pipeline, and the throttle valve (25) is arranged at the output end of the vacuum pump (24); the pressure regulating assembly comprises a negative pressure electromagnetic valve (23), and the negative pressure electromagnetic valve (23) is connected with the vacuum regulating assembly in parallel and is communicated with the negative pressure chamber (19) through a negative pressure pipeline;
the vacuum suspension casting process comprises the following steps: lifting liquid; regulating the standard atmospheric pressure to 0, closing the casting mold, closing a negative pressure electromagnetic valve, opening a pressurizing electromagnetic valve, starting a vacuum pump, reducing the pressure in the negative pressure chamber by controlling the opening of a throttle valve, and pumping out the gas in the lift tube, the liquid suction tube and the cavity through a first space and a second space along a first suction groove, a second suction groove and a third suction groove, wherein the pressure of the heat preservation furnace is 0, and the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace reaches the highest point of the bottom mold through the lift tube and the liquid suction tube under the action of negative pressure;
filling; the opening of the throttle valve is regulated to change the pressure in the negative pressure chamber, and the aluminum liquid is filled under the negative pressure until the aluminum liquid fills the cavity;
pressurizing; the pressurizing electromagnetic valve is closed, the negative pressure of the negative pressure chamber is kept unchanged, and the pressurizing chamber is pressurized by the pressurizing pump until the pressurizing pressure is reached;
maintaining pressure; the pressurizing chamber keeps the maintaining pressure unchanged, the vacuum pump is closed, and the negative pressure electromagnetic valve is opened when the outer surface of the inner ear edge is solidified;
decompression; after the pressure maintaining is finished, the pressurizing pump is closed, the pressurizing electromagnetic valve is opened, the mold is opened after the pressure is released to the suspension pressure, and the mold is closed after the mold is taken out.
2. A vacuum suspension casting process according to claim 1, wherein: the holding pressure is kept until the aluminum liquid in the cavity is completely solidified; and after the outer surface of the inner ear is solidified, the vacuum pump is closed, and the negative pressure electromagnetic valve is opened to adjust to the standard atmospheric pressure.
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