CN114946623B

CN114946623B - Rapid construction method of ecological restoration system of saline lake in drought region with high COD pollution

Info

Publication number: CN114946623B
Application number: CN202210473307.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵增锋; 冯娜; 邱小琮; 周琼; 魏成选; 刘双羽; 蒙俊杰; 胡凯; 万永鹏; 李霖; 赵睿智; 郭琦; 曹占琪; 付永亮
Original assignee: Ningxia University
Current assignee: Ningxia University
Priority date: 2022-04-29
Filing date: 2022-04-29
Publication date: 2023-08-04
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-29
Also published as: CN114946623A

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid construction method of a saline-water lake ecological restoration system in a drought region with high COD pollution, which belongs to the technical field of lake ecological restoration. The sediment repairing bag is a repairing area with the water depth not exceeding 1m, and the water onion seedlings are transplanted together with the seedling raising matrix when the water temperature reaches more than 20 ℃ in 5-6 months. By adopting the measures, the method can be applied to guiding production practice, so that the aquatic plants can survive in the saline water lake in the drought region with high COD pollution and gradually play a role in ecological restoration.

Description

Rapid construction method of ecological restoration system of saline lake in drought region with high COD pollution

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of lakes, and particularly relates to a rapid construction method of a saline lake ecological restoration system in a drought region with high COD pollution.

Background

In lakes polluted by high COD, the degradation of COD requires a large amount of oxygen, the reoxygenation capability in the water body is difficult to meet the requirement, the biomass of aquatic organisms is extremely small, and the water environment is rapidly deteriorated. The abundance and species diversity of aquatic organisms in the moderately salty lakes are also small, and most aquatic organisms cannot normally survive in a salty water environment. When the water body is polluted by high COD and saline water, aquatic organisms are difficult to grow normally under the synergistic effect of two factors, and the water body becomes a dominant population.

At present, physical, chemical and biological methods or a combination of a plurality of methods are often adopted for lake treatment. Practice proves that the ecological restoration method formed by adopting the biological method to assist other methods can treat lakes more effectively and has strong durability, however, for the COD concentration exceeding the surface water V class, especially exceeding 100mg/L, the salinity range of the water body is 10-20 per mill, especially in the saline lakes in the drought areas with high COD pollution of 13-18 per mill, the conventional biological method such as planting pasture, stocking water-purifying aquatic animals, splashing microbial preparations and the like cannot play a good role, most aquatic plants, aquatic animals and the like have difficult survival, such as the saline lakes with high COD pollution, which have been investigated by project teams, the variety and the richness of the aquatic plants are low, the biomass of benthonic animals in the bottom mud is small, and living bodies of benthonic animals cannot be collected frequently. In addition, if the aquatic plants are planted on the floating bed or the floating island, even if the aquatic plants have certain salt tolerance, the lake surface is large in evaporation, along with the evaporation of the lake water, the salt in the water body is gradually accumulated on the plant culture medium to form a thick salt layer, so that the salt stress effect is generated on the aquatic plants, the growth of the aquatic plants is inhibited, and even the death of the aquatic plants is caused. Especially in the early stage of planting, the aquatic plants do not completely cover the floating bed or the floating island and are not completely suitable for the saline-alkali environment, and due to strong evaporation, a salt layer is quickly accumulated on the aquatic plant culture medium, and the aquatic plants are dehydrated and dead due to salt stress. Therefore, the first step in ecological restoration is to adapt the planted aquatic plants or the bred aquatic animals to the environment, survive, and then gradually form dominant populations to play a role in ecological restoration.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a rapid construction method for a saline water lake ecological restoration system in a drought region with high COD pollution, which solves the problems that the COD concentration exceeds the V class of surface water, especially exceeds 100mg/L, the salinity of water body ranges from 10 permillage to 20 permillage, particularly from 13 permillage to 18 permillage of saline water lakes in a drought region with high COD pollution, aquatic plants are difficult to survive, salt layers are evaporated and accumulated, and the aquatic plants are dehydrated and dead due to salt stress.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a rapid construction method of a saline lake ecological restoration system in a drought region with high COD pollution comprises the steps of water restoration and sediment restoration and is characterized in that:

the water body restoration comprises the steps of building a floating island on the water surface, and planting aquatic plants on the upper part of the floating island, wherein the aquatic plants are one or more of flowers and firewood, rhizoma acori graminei, celery, water onion and reed;

an irrigation system is arranged at the upper part of the floating island;

the floating island comprises a water storage tank, and the irrigation system is used for irrigating aquatic plants planted on the upper part of the floating island by taking water stored in the water storage tank;

the sediment remediation comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a repair area:

the water depth of the repair area is not more than 1m;

s2, transplanting aquatic plants:

the selected aquatic plant is herba Alii Fistulosi;

transplanting the allium mongolicum regel seedlings in 5-6 months when the water temperature reaches more than 20 ℃, wherein the height of the seedlings is not more than 50cm;

selecting perennial onion seedlings in a brackish water area, and digging up the perennial onion seedlings together with root soil for planting;

and/or selecting the young plant of the allium fistulosum which is grown for a plurality of years and is subjected to brackish water culture, and planting the young plant together with a seedling substrate;

planting in a matrix shape, wherein the plant spacing is 0.5-0.8 m.

As a further description of the above technical solution:

the floating island further comprises a plastic-covered metal net cage, a plurality of annular keels are fixed on the inner wall of the plastic-covered metal net cage, and a layer of woven bags and/or geotextiles are tightly attached to the periphery of the plastic-covered metal net cage and the inner side of the bottom of the plastic-covered metal net cage at the inner side of the annular keels;

the water storage tank is arranged in the middle of the plastic-covered metal net box, the water tank opening of the water storage tank exposes the upper cover of the plastic-covered metal net box, and the gap between the water storage tank and the plastic-covered metal net box is filled with nutrient soil;

the bottom of the water storage tank is conical, and a water collecting tank is arranged in the center of the bottom;

the evaporation and collection device is installed around the floating island, the side surface of the water storage tank is provided with a water guide pipe, and the water body collected by the evaporation and collection device is stored in the water storage tank.

As a further description of the above technical solution:

the number of the water guide pipes is 8, and the water guide pipes are uniformly arranged around the water storage tank;

the evaporation and collection device comprises an annular floating pipe and a plastic film;

the outside of the plastic-covered metal net cage is also provided with a circle of water baffle, and the inner side of the water baffle is fixed with the plastic-covered metal net cage;

the upper part of the annular floating pipe is provided with a vertical wall, the vertical wall is made of transparent materials, and the inner side of the vertical wall is coated with a hydrophobic coating;

one end of the plastic film is fixed on the vertical wall, the other end of the plastic film extends downwards to the outer side of the water baffle and is fixed in the middle of the outer side of the water baffle, and a water collecting tank is arranged at the lower part of the outer side of the water baffle;

the water inlet of the water guide pipe is fixed at the lower part of the water collecting tank, and a plurality of openings are formed at the joint of the water collecting tank and the water inlet;

the plastic film is also provided with an opening at the position close to the water baffle, a water leakage pipe is arranged in the opening, and the water leakage pipe extends to the inside of the water collecting tank.

As a further description of the above technical solution:

the evaporation collection device further comprises 8 connecting columns, one ends of the connecting columns are uniformly fixed on the inner side of the annular floating pipe, and the other ends of the connecting columns are uniformly fixed on the annular keels near the waterline position when the floating island is in no-load.

As a further description of the above technical solution:

the irrigation system comprises a spray irrigation device and a water pump, wherein the left side of the water pump is connected with a water inlet pipe, the right side of the water pump is connected with a water outlet pipe, and the spray irrigation device comprises an omnibearing spray head and a pressure tank;

the lower part of the water inlet pipe extends to the water collecting tank, the right side of the water outlet pipe is connected with the pressure tank, and the upper part of the pressure tank is connected with the omnibearing spray head through the telescopic pipe.

As a further description of the above technical solution:

the irrigation system further comprises power supply equipment and a control system, wherein the power supply equipment comprises a storage battery and a wind-light complementary power generation system; the control system is used for controlling the sprinkling irrigation equipment and the water pump to irrigate;

the water body restoration further comprises an aeration device arranged on the water surface;

the storage battery of the power supply equipment supplies power for all electric equipment.

As a further description of the above technical solution:

after the aquatic plants on the floating island are planted, sunshade facilities are also required to be built;

the sunshade facility is a sunshade net, and the height of the sunshade net is not less than 50cm from aquatic plants planted in the floating island;

the sun-shading time is not less than 30 days, sun-shading is carried out in the first 15 days in the daytime, and sun-shading is carried out in 9-18 points in the sunny day after 15 days.

As a further description of the above technical solution:

the nutrient soil is a mixture of mixed fermented and decomposed aquatic weeds, sheep manure and/or cow manure, peat soil, perlite and plant ash.

As a further description of the above technical solution:

the nutrient soil comprises the following substances in percentage by volume: 40-50% of mixed fermentation decomposed aquatic weed, sheep manure and/or cow manure, 20-30% of peat soil, 10-15% of perlite and 10-15% of plant ash.

As a further description of the above technical solution:

the fermentation mode of the mixed fermentation decomposed aquatic weed, sheep manure and/or cow manure is as follows:

m1, raw material selection:

selecting raw materials according to parts by weight, wherein the parts of fresh sheep manure and/or cow manure are 80-100 parts;

25-30 parts of sun-dried aquatic plants, and cutting the aquatic plants by a hay cutter;

2-3 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation microbial agent, and the effective viable count is more than 50 hundred million/g;

m2, mixing raw materials:

uniformly mixing the raw materials according to parts by weight, and controlling the humidity by spraying water, wherein the humidity of the mixed raw materials is 45-55%;

m3, composting fermentation:

selecting a site with high hardness, ventilating and cooling the site, stacking the mixed raw materials at the ambient temperature of 15-20 ℃, wherein the stacking height is 70-90 cm, the width is 1-1.5 m, and covering a layer of plastic film after stacking;

m4, compost management:

taking a plurality of PVC pipes with the diameters of 5-10 cm, perforating the pipe body, sleeving a layer of geotextile on the outside, and inserting the geotextile into the pile body;

turning the pile every 5-7 days for 3-4 times, wherein the compost has no original odor of excrement and a large amount of white hyphae appear on the surface of the pile to indicate that the fermentation is completed;

m5, composting:

placing the fermented compost in a ventilated placing area for more than 2 months, fully stabilizing and airing the compost, and crushing the compost by a crusher after airing the compost.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

1. according to the invention, a large number of experiments are carried out to screen out aquatic plant species for ecologically restoring the salt water lake in the drought region with high COD pollution, the selected aquatic plant is one or more of firewood flowers, rhizoma acori graminei, celery, allium mongolicum and reed, the firewood flowers and the plants of land are applied to ecologically restoring the salt water lake for the first time, and the survival rate of the firewood flowers and the plants of land is high, and the restoring effect is good. In the aspect of bottom mud restoration, the technology for restoring the salty water lakes in the drought areas with high COD pollution by the shallot is provided. The method can be applied to guiding production practice, and has better effect on the pollution control of the saline lakes in the drought areas with high COD pollution.

2. According to the invention, the water storage tank is arranged in the plastic-coated metal net cage to form the integrated floating island, so that the stability is high, and the water storage tank has the function of the floating body. When the water storage amount is small, the whole floating island can be driven to float on the water surface, and the floating island is arranged at the middle upper part of the plastic-covered metal net cage, so that the gravity center of the floating island is stable, and the floating island cannot incline due to factors such as wind. A plurality of annular keels are fixed on the inner wall of the plastic-covered metal net cage, and the annular keels can increase the strength and improve the durability of the plastic-covered metal net cage.

3. According to the invention, the evaporation water collected by the evaporation collecting device is stored in the water storage tank, the planted aquatic plants are irrigated by the irrigation system, the salt layer accumulated due to evaporation is washed away, the salt stress on the aquatic plants is reduced, and the survival rate is improved. When the aquatic plants can completely adapt to the lake water environment, the evaporation and collection device can be removed, the water inlet of the water guide pipe is plugged, and the water inlet depth control of the floating island is realized by controlling the water storage capacity of the water storage tank.

4. According to the invention, the installation and fixing positions of the plastic film are selected by selecting the materials of the vertical wall, so that the collection efficiency is higher, the water baffle is arranged, rainwater collected by rainfall is blocked at the water baffle, and the rainwater enters the water collecting tank through the water leakage pipe at the opening of the plastic film, so that the collection of the rainwater is realized. Meanwhile, the redundant irrigation water can be collected and reused.

5. The invention provides a nutrient soil formula suitable for salty lakes, provides a fermentation mode of mixed fermentation and thoroughly decomposed pasture, sheep manure and/or cow manure, realizes the reutilization of solid waste sheep manure and cow manure left by the development of beach sheep, meat and dairy cow industry in arid regions in particular in Ningxia arid regions, and simultaneously enables the salvaged pasture in water to be recycled, thereby having important significance for ecological environment protection and increasing yield of farmers.

6. According to the invention, the wind-solar complementary power generation system is selected to supply power according to the characteristics of the drought region, and wind energy and light energy are green energy sources of the drought region, so that the wind-solar complementary power generation system is adopted to supply power, and the effects of energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved. Meanwhile, the control system is adopted to control irrigation, so that the management cost is saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus for repairing a water body according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the overall cross-section of the apparatus for repairing a water body according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the floating island and the evaporation and collection device according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the floating island and the evaporation and collection apparatus of the present invention with the plastic film removed;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the portion A of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the portion B of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the portion C of FIG. 4 according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the control principle of the control system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the water level monitoring device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure monitoring device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a floating island; 11. a water storage tank; 111. a water collection tank; 112. a water tank port; 113. a water conduit; 1131. a water inlet; 12. annular keels; 13. plastic coated metal net cage; 14. nutrient soil; 15. a water baffle; 2. an evaporation and collection device; 21. an annular floating pipe; 22. a vertical wall; 23. a plastic film; 24. a water collecting tank; 25. a water leakage pipe; 26. a connecting column; 3. an irrigation system; 31. a spray irrigation device; 311. an omnibearing spray head; 312. a pressure tank; 313. a telescopic tube; 32. a water pump; 321. a water inlet pipe; 322. a water outlet pipe; 4. a power supply device; 5. a control system; 6. a water level monitoring device; 61. a water level sensor; 7. a pressure monitoring device; 71. a pressure sensor.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the present invention provides a technical solution: a rapid construction method of a saline lake ecological restoration system in a drought region with high COD pollution comprises the steps of water restoration and sediment restoration and is characterized in that:

the water body restoration comprises the steps of constructing a floating island 1 on the water surface, and planting aquatic plants on the upper part of the floating island 1, wherein the aquatic plants are one or more of firewood flowers, rhizoma acori graminei, celery, green onion and reed;

an irrigation system 3 is arranged at the upper part of the floating island 1;

the floating island 1 comprises a water storage tank 11, and the irrigation system 3 is used for irrigating aquatic plants planted on the upper portion of the floating island 1 by taking water stored in the water storage tank 11.

It should be noted that, in order to prevent floating island 1 from drifting randomly along the wind in the initial stage of planting, it can also be used as an auxiliary fixing facility to influence the growth and landscape of aquatic plants.

The sediment repair comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a repair area:

the water depth of the repair area is not more than 1m;

s2, transplanting aquatic plants:

the selected aquatic plant is herba Alii Fistulosi;

planting in a matrix shape, wherein the plant spacing is 0.5-0.8 m.

The aquatic plants planted on the floating island 1 are preferably flowers and firewood, yellow calamus, celery and green onions, and reed is selected for a second time because the landscape value of the reed is not high, the flowers and firewood, yellow calamus and green onions are perennial, the flowers and firewood, yellow calamus, green onions and celery also need to be cultivated by proper water, the aquatic plants are planted in a bicolor basin filled with seedling raising matrixes, the diameter of the bicolor basin is not less than 10cm, brackish water is used for soaking and irrigation, cultivation is carried out for 15-20 days, tender tips of the aquatic plants are removed during transplanting, tender roots at the bottom of the bicolor basin are cut off, and the aquatic plants are buried in nutrient soil 14 together with the bicolor basin during transplanting.

If reed is planted on the floating island 1, land cultivation is also needed, and the cultivation method is as follows:

a1, digging reed seedlings in a dry-wet alternating area of a brackish water area, wherein the root system of the reed is vigorous, and the length of the reed is not less than 10cm;

a2, cutting off upper stalks of the reed, wherein the stalks remain 10-15 cm;

a3, planting reed into a bicolor basin filled with seedling substrate, wherein the diameter of the bicolor basin is not less than 15cm;

a4, excavating a culture pond, namely Chi Zhongpu films, and placing the bicolor basin into the culture pond;

a5, shading, irrigating and culturing with brackish water, and transplanting when the buds of reed exceed 5cm;

a6, embedding the soil into the nutrient soil 14 together with the bicolor basin during transplanting.

The floating island 1 comprises a water storage tank 11, a whole is formed, the water storage tank 11 can also provide buoyancy, fresh water is stored in the water storage tank 11, the water plants planted on the floating island 1 are irrigated through an irrigation system 3, salt is washed through irrigation, a salt layer formed by evaporation is transferred to a lake again, and the salt stress effect of the water plants is weakened.

It should be noted that the bicolor basin is preferably made of degradable materials, plays a role in isolating salt at the initial stage of transplanting into the floating island 1, is convenient for the aquatic plants to adapt to the environment, gradually degrades along with the enhancement of the adaptability, and can improve the survival rate.

In a preferred embodiment, the aquatic plants are firewood, rhizoma Acori Calami, and herba Apii.

The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 1-2, the floating island 1 further comprises a plastic-covered metal net cage 13, a plurality of annular keels 12 are fixed on the inner wall of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13, and a layer of woven bags and/or geotextiles are tightly attached to the periphery of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13 and the inner side of the bottom of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13 at the inner side of the annular keels 12. The plastic-covered metal net cage 13 is woven by a metal net with plastic covered on the surface, the pores are large, the filled nutrient soil 14 can be prevented from being lost under the action of water scrubbing by attaching a woven bag and/or geotextile, and the woven bag and/or geotextile can be common products in the market, and the woven bag and/or geotextile has corrosion resistance and sun resistance because of certain corrosiveness of salt water and high sunlight intensity in a drought region.

The water storage tank 11 is arranged in the middle of the plastic-coated metal net box 13 and the water tank opening 112 of the water storage tank 11 exposes the upper cover of the plastic-coated metal net box 13, and the gap between the water storage tank 11 and the plastic-coated metal net box 13 is filled with nutrient soil 14; the specifications of the water storage tank 11 and the plastic-coated metal net cage 13 are subjected to test calculation according to requirements.

The bottom of the water storage tank 11 is conical, and a water collecting tank 111 is arranged in the center of the bottom; the conical water storage tank 11 is convenient for water to collect towards the middle part, and the water collecting tank 111 is arranged to form a deep water area of the water storage tank 11, so that water diversion and irrigation are convenient.

The evaporation and collection device 2 is arranged around the floating island 1, the water guide pipe 113 is arranged on the side surface of the water storage tank 11, and the water body collected by the evaporation and collection device 2 is stored in the water storage tank 11. The evaporation intensity in the dry area is high, the evaporation water is collected by the evaporation collecting device 2, so that the irrigation is convenient, and the manual water supplement to the water storage tank 11 can be reduced or avoided.

Through arranging the water storage tank 11 in the plastic covered metal net cage 13, an integrated floating island 1 is formed, the stability is strong, the water storage tank 11 has the effect of a floating body, when the water storage capacity is small, the whole floating island 1 can be driven to float on the water surface, and the floating island is arranged at the middle upper part of the plastic covered metal net cage 13, so that the gravity center of the floating island 1 is stable and cannot incline due to factors such as wind. The inner wall of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13 is fixed with a plurality of annular keels 12, and the annular keels 12 can increase the strength and improve the durability of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13.

The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the evaporation and collection apparatus 2 includes an annular float tube 21 and a plastic film 23.

The outside of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13 is also provided with a circle of water baffle 15, and the inner side of the water baffle 15 is fixed with the plastic-covered metal net cage 13.

The upper part of the annular floating pipe 21 is provided with a vertical wall 22, the vertical wall 22 is made of transparent materials, and the inner side of the vertical wall 22 is coated with a hydrophobic coating. The upright wall 22 can be made of transparent acrylic plates, transparent glass, transparent plastic and other materials, has strong light transmittance, is convenient for lake water evaporation, and the inner side of the upright wall 22 is coated with a hydrophobic coating to prevent evaporated water from forming water mist on the inner side of the upright wall 22 and obstruct light transmittance.

One end of the plastic film 23 is fixed on the vertical wall 22, the other end of the plastic film 23, namely, the end far away from the vertical wall 22, extends downwards to the outer side of the water baffle 15 and is fixed in the middle of the outer side of the water baffle 15, and a water collecting tank 24 is arranged at the lower part of the outer side of the water baffle 15, namely, the plastic film 23 is fixed at the lower part of the water baffle 15; the side of the water collection trough 24 adjacent to the outside of the water deflector 15 preferably abuts against the plastic film 23.

The plastic film 23 extends downward at an angle of generally not less than 30 deg., preferably 30 deg. to 60 deg., and more preferably 45 deg., to facilitate rapid flow of vaporized and condensed water droplets into the water collection tank 24.

The number of the water guide pipes 113 is 8, and the water guide pipes are uniformly arranged around the water storage tank 11; the 8 water guide pipes can meet the requirement that water body quickly enters the water guide pipe 113 from the water collecting tank 24, and the water is not excessively stored in the water collecting tank 24 to overflow.

As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the water inlet 1131 of the water guide 113 is fixed to the lower portion of the water collecting tank 24, and a plurality of openings are formed at the connection portion of the water collecting tank 24 and the water inlet 1131. The water inlet 1131 of the water conduit 113 is preferably a hose, which is convenient for position adjustment and fixing of the water inlet 1131.

The water evaporated on the lake surface at the lower part of the evaporation and collection device 2 is liquefied on the plastic film 23 to form water drops, slides downwards along the inclined plastic film 23, enters the water collecting tank 24, passes through the opening formed at the joint of the water collecting tank 24 and the water inlet 1131, enters the water guide pipe 113, and is further stored in the water storage tank 11.

The plastic film 23 is also provided with an opening near the water baffle 15, and a water leakage pipe 25 is arranged in the opening, and the water leakage pipe 25 extends to the inside of the water collecting tank 24.

Rainwater is also an unavailable precious resource in a drought region, rainwater collected by rainfall is blocked at the position of the water baffle 15 by arranging the water baffle 15, and enters the water collecting tank 24 through the water leakage pipe 25 at the position of the opening of the plastic film 23, so that the rainwater is collected. And the irrigation water may fall to the upper part of the plastic film 23 during irrigation, and the surplus irrigation water may be collected and reused. The arrangement of the water leakage pipe 25 increases the extension length, and the pipe orifice of the water leakage pipe 25 should be as small as possible, so as to reduce the discharge amount of evaporated water vapor in a non-rain period.

The water baffle 15 can also prevent the water body absorbed by the nutrient soil 14 from entering the plastic film 23 from the upper part of the water baffle 15, and pollutes the collected fresh water, and the length of the water baffle 15 should not be limited, so that the length of the water baffle 15 can be upwards prolonged to the uppermost part of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13.

In a preferred embodiment, if the length of the selected water baffle 15 is shorter, a layer of water blocking film can be attached from the installation position of the water baffle 15 to the uppermost part of the plastic covered metal net cage 13, the lower part of the water blocking film extends to the gap between the water baffle 15 and the plastic covered metal net cage 13 and is attached to the inner side of the water baffle 15, and the water blocking film can be any waterproof material, can also be a reverse filtering film, can flow out of water and block salt similar to the function of extending the water baffle 15.

The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the evaporation and collection apparatus 2 further includes 8 connection columns 26, one ends of the connection columns 26 are uniformly fixed on the inner side of the annular floating tube 21, and the other ends of the connection columns 26 are uniformly fixed on the annular keels 12 located near the waterline position when the floating island 1 is empty.

The buoyancy of the annular floating pipe 21 is larger and is far greater than the dead weight of accessories of the evaporation and collection device 2 such as the vertical wall 22, and the 8 connecting columns 26 connect the floating island 1 and the evaporation and collection device 2 into a whole, so that the annular floating pipe 21 provides buoyancy for the floating island 1, the waterline position of the floating island 1 is the maximum buoyancy when the water tank 11 is empty, reed is planted when no load, the irrigation system 3 is installed, but when the water tank 11 does not store water, the water tank 11 can be installed at the position to avoid the phenomenon that the evaporation and collection device 2 is suspended or enters water too deeply when no load, and normal use is affected.

The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the irrigation system 3 includes a spray irrigation device 31 and a water pump 32, the left side of the water pump 32 is connected with a water inlet pipe 321, the right side is connected with a water outlet pipe 322, and the spray irrigation device 31 includes an omni-directional spray head 311 and a pressure tank 312.

The lower part of the water inlet pipe 321 extends to the water collecting tank 111, the right side of the water outlet pipe 322 is connected with the pressure tank 312, and the upper part of the pressure tank 312 is connected with the omnibearing spray head 311 through the telescopic pipe 313.

During irrigation, the water pump 32 pumps water into the pressure tank 312, the telescopic pipe 313 is jacked up under the pressure action of the pressure tank 312, and the water pressure drives the omnibearing spray head 311 to rotate, so that spray irrigation is realized.

The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

the irrigation system 3 further comprises a power supply device 4 and a control system 5, wherein the power supply device 4 comprises a storage battery and a wind-light complementary power generation system; the control system 5 is used for controlling the sprinkling irrigation equipment 31 and the water pump 32 to irrigate;

the water body restoration further comprises an aeration device 5 arranged on the water surface;

the battery of the power supply device 4 supplies power to all electric consumers.

Wind energy and light energy are green energy sources in a drought region, so that the wind-solar complementary power generation system is adopted for power supply, the effects of energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved, a wind-solar complementary power generation system commonly used in the market can be selected, electric energy is stored in a storage battery and is used for power supply of all power consumption equipment of the whole device, and the control system 5 is used for controlling the wind-solar complementary power generation system; the 1 set of power supply equipment 4 can be matched with a plurality of groups of power consumption equipment, and in the invention, the equipment such as the water pump 32, the sprinkling irrigation equipment 31, the aeration equipment 5 and the like which need power consumption are all power consumption equipment.

In a preferred embodiment, 1 set of power supply equipment 4 may supply 4 sets of irrigation systems 3 and 1 set of aeration equipment 5.

8-10, in another preferred embodiment, a water level monitoring device 6 is further installed in the water storage tank 11, the water level monitoring device 6 comprises a water level sensor 61, and the monitoring index of the water level sensor 61 comprises a lower water level limit and an upper water level limit;

the pressure monitoring device 7 is also arranged in the pressure tank 312, the pressure monitoring device 7 comprises a pressure sensor 71, and the pressure sensor 71 monitors indexes comprising a lower pressure limit and an upper pressure limit;

the control system 5 is electrically connected with the power supply equipment 4, the water pump 32, the pressure tank 312, the water level monitoring device 6 and the pressure monitoring device 7, so as to control the sprinkling irrigation equipment 31 and the water pump 32 to irrigate.

Setting a lower water level limit, an upper water level limit, a lower pressure limit and an upper pressure limit according to the requirements, and when the water level reaches the upper water level limit, opening the water inlet electromagnetic valves of the water pump 32 and the pressure tank 312 by the control system 5 to supply water to the pressure tank 312; when the water level falls to the lower limit of the water level, the control system 5 closes the water inlet solenoid valve of the water pump 32 and the pressure tank 312; or when the pressure tank 312 reaches the upper pressure limit, the control system 5 also closes the water inlet electromagnetic valve of the water pump 32 and the pressure tank 312, opens the water outlet electromagnetic valve of the pressure tank 312, and water enters the omnibearing spray head 311 through the telescopic pipe 313 and is sprayed by the omnibearing spray head 311; when the pressure in the pressure tank 312 falls to the lower pressure limit, the control system 5 closes the water outlet solenoid valve of the pressure tank 312.

Of course, if cost control is required, manual control by manual observation may be performed without using the control system 5 and/or related sensors.

It should be noted that the sprinkling irrigation is only used for salt washing, the time limit and the frequency can be not limited, and irrigation can be realized by meeting the irrigation conditions.

The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

after the aquatic plants on the floating island 1 are planted, sunshade facilities are also required to be built;

the sunshade facility is a sunshade net, and the height of the sunshade net is not lower than 50cm from the aquatic plants planted in the floating island 1 and is higher than the highest position of the omnibearing spray head 311 when in operation;

The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

the nutrient soil 14 is a mixture of mixed fermented and decomposed aquatic weed, sheep manure and/or cow manure, peat soil, perlite and plant ash.

The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

the nutrient soil 14 comprises the following substances in percentage by volume: 40-50% of mixed fermentation decomposed aquatic weed, sheep manure and/or cow manure, 20-30% of peat soil, 10-15% of perlite and 10-15% of plant ash.

In a preferred embodiment, the nutrient soil 14 comprises the following substances in volume: 45% of mixed fermentation decomposed aquatic weeds, sheep manure and/or cow manure, 25% of peat soil, 15% of perlite and 15% of plant ash.

The aquatic plant seedling substrate can select all substances in the nutrient soil 14, and the volume ratio of the substances is as follows: 25-30% of mixed fermentation decomposed aquatic weed, sheep manure and/or cow manure, 35-40% of peat soil, 15-20% of perlite and 15-20% of plant ash.

In a preferred embodiment, the seedling substrate comprises the following substances in percentage by volume: 25% of aquatic weeds, sheep manure and/or cow manure, 40% of peat soil, 20% of perlite and 15% of plant ash.

In a preferred embodiment, the aquatic weeds in the mixed fermentation thoroughly decomposed aquatic weeds, sheep manure and/or cow manure are preferably broccoli.

The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

the specific fermentation method comprises the following steps:

m1, raw material selection:

25-30 parts of sun-dried aquatic plants, and cutting the aquatic plants by a hay cutter; or the gynura divaricata is chopped in other forms;

2-3 parts of organic fertilizer fermentation microbial agent, and the effective viable count is more than 50 hundred million/g; the microbial agent for organic fertilizer fermentation is a common microbial agent sold in the market, the dosage can be properly adjusted according to the difference of the effective viable count of different brands, and the total viable count is kept approximately consistent.

M2, mixing raw materials:

uniformly mixing the raw materials according to parts by weight, and controlling the humidity by spraying water, wherein the humidity of the mixed raw materials is 45-55%; the humidity can be detected roughly in a mode of grabbing with gloves, and the humidity is suitable for loosening without water when people grab the gloves to form clusters;

m3, composting fermentation:

selecting a site with high hardness, ventilating and cooling the site, stacking the mixed raw materials at the ambient temperature of 15-20 ℃, wherein the stacking height is 70-90 cm, the width is 1-1.5 m, and covering a layer of plastic film after stacking; the length of the pile body is not limited, the pile body is adjusted according to the needs, and when a plurality of rows are needed, the distance between the two rows is preferably not less than 2m;

m4, compost management:

taking a plurality of PVC pipes with the diameters of 5-10 cm, perforating the pipe body, sleeving a layer of geotextile on the outside, and inserting the geotextile into the pile body; geotextile is sleeved to mainly prevent fermentation liquid or scraps from entering the PVC pipe body to influence ventilation, and the upper opening of the PVC pipe preferably blows towards a tuyere or is assisted with a blowing facility;

m5, composting:

placing the fermented compost in a ventilated placing area for more than 2 months, fully stabilizing and airing the compost, and crushing the compost by a crusher after airing the compost. If the transportation is needed, the granules are preferably granulated by a granulator, and the granules can be directly used without granulating, so that the cost is reduced.

In a preferred embodiment, the water grass is selected from the group consisting of the root of the Rabdosia crispa. The leonurus gracilis is a common pasture in a saline lake in a arid region, and is salvaged when grown to a certain extent, and the salvaged mixed sheep manure and/or cow manure is fermented, so that the resource utilization efficiency can be improved, and the environment is protected.

The specific repairing method comprises the following steps:

the water body restoration is specifically as follows: according to the planting scale and irrigation frequency, a plurality of tests are firstly carried out, the sizes and specifications of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13, the water storage tank 11 and the evaporation and collection device 2 are controlled, and meanwhile, necessary parameters such as the waterline position and the like are determined. In practical application, the floating island 1 is assembled firstly, a plurality of annular keels 12 are arranged in the plastic-covered metal net cage 13, and a layer of woven bags and/or geotextiles are tightly attached to the periphery of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13 and the inner side of the bottom of the plastic-covered metal net cage 13 at the inner side of the annular keels 12; after filling the nutrient soil 14 into the tank body, a water storage tank 11 with a water guide pipe 113 is arranged in the middle of the plastic-covered metal net tank 13, the water tank opening 112 of the water storage tank 11 exposes the upper cover of the plastic-covered metal net tank 13, and the nutrient soil 14 is continuously filled in the gap to be filled.

One end of a connecting column 26 of the evaporation and collection device 2 is uniformly fixed on the inner side of an annular floating pipe 21, the other end of the connecting column 26 is uniformly fixed on an annular keel 12 positioned near the waterline position when the floating island 1 is in no-load, a vertical wall 22 is arranged on the upper part of the annular floating pipe 21, one end of a plastic film 23 is fixed on the vertical wall 22, the lower plastic film 23 is firstly compared and downwards extends to a general position outside a plastic-covered metal net cage 13, a water baffle 15 is arranged at the position, then the other end of the plastic film 23 is fixed on the middle part of the outer side of the water baffle 15, a water collecting tank 24 is arranged at the lower part of the outer side of the water baffle 15, a water inlet 1131 of a water guide pipe 113 is fixed on the lower part of the water collecting tank 24, and a plurality of openings are formed at the joint of the water collecting tank 24 and the water inlet 1131. A hole is formed in the plastic film 23 at a position close to the water deflector 15, a drain pipe 25 is installed in the hole, and the lower portion of the drain pipe 25 is extended to the inside of the water collecting tank 24.

After all the plants are installed, the plants are moved into a lake, and then the aquatic plants and the bicolor basin are buried into the upper nutrient soil 14, and sunshade facilities are installed for sunshade and seedling-restoring. The collected evaporated water and rainwater are stored into the water storage tank 11 through the water guide pipe 113, and irrigation is controlled by the control system 5.

When aquatic plants are planted for a period of time, the aquatic plants can completely adapt to the lake water environment, when the upper stems of the aquatic plants completely cover the floating island 1, the salt layer is difficult to accumulate by evaporation, the salt layer can be washed away along with wind waves, the evaporation and collection device 2 can be removed, the water inlet 1131 of the water guide pipe 113 is plugged, and water is filled into the water storage tank 11 according to the required water inlet depth.

The sediment repair is specifically as follows: and (3) selecting a repair area with the water depth not exceeding 1m, transplanting the young onions in a brackish water area when the water temperature reaches more than 20 ℃ in 5-6 months, digging up the young onions together with root soil for planting, and/or selecting young onions cultivated by brackish water together with seedling growing matrixes for planting, wherein the plant spacing is 0.5-0.8 m.

It should be noted that in order to increase the light transmittance, the water body restoration area should avoid the sediment restoration area, and the area with deeper water depth is selected, so that the aquatic plants can grow quickly.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid construction method of a saline lake ecological restoration system in a drought region with high COD pollution comprises the steps of water restoration and sediment restoration and is characterized in that:

the water body restoration comprises the steps of building a floating island (1) on the water surface, and planting aquatic plants on the upper part of the floating island (1), wherein the aquatic plants are one or more of firewood flowers, rhizoma acori graminei, celery, allium fistulosum and reed;

an irrigation system (3) is arranged at the upper part of the floating island (1);

the floating island (1) comprises a water storage tank (11), and the irrigation system (3) is used for irrigating aquatic plants planted on the upper part of the floating island (1) by taking water stored in the water storage tank (11);

the sediment remediation comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a repair area:

the water depth of the repair area is not more than 1m;

s2, transplanting aquatic plants:

the selected aquatic plant is herba Alii Fistulosi;

planting in a matrix shape, wherein the plant spacing is 0.5-0.8 m;

the floating island (1) further comprises a plastic-covered metal net box (13), a plurality of annular keels (12) are fixed on the inner wall of the plastic-covered metal net box (13), and a layer of woven bags and/or geotextiles are tightly attached to the periphery of the plastic-covered metal net box (13) and the inner side of the bottom of the plastic-covered metal net box at the inner side of the annular keels (12);

the water storage tank (11) is arranged at the middle upper part of the plastic-covered metal net box (13), a water tank opening (112) of the water storage tank (11) is exposed out of the upper cover of the plastic-covered metal net box (13), and a gap between the water storage tank (11) and the plastic-covered metal net box (13) is filled with nutrient soil (14);

the bottom of the water storage tank (11) is conical, and a water collecting tank (111) is arranged in the center of the bottom;

the evaporation and collection device (2) is arranged around the floating island (1), a water guide pipe (113) is arranged on the side surface of the water storage tank (11), and water collected by the evaporation and collection device (2) is stored in the water storage tank (11);

the number of the water guide pipes (113) is 8, and the water guide pipes are uniformly arranged around the water storage tank (11);

the evaporation and collection device (2) comprises an annular floating pipe (21) and a plastic film (23);

the outside of the plastic-covered metal net cage (13) is also provided with a circle of water baffle (15), and the inner side of the water baffle (15) is fixed with the plastic-covered metal net cage (13);

a vertical wall (22) is arranged at the upper part of the annular floating pipe (21), the vertical wall (22) is made of transparent materials, and a hydrophobic coating is coated on the inner side of the vertical wall (22);

one end of the plastic film (23) is fixed on the vertical wall (22), the other end of the plastic film (23) extends downwards to the outer side of the water baffle (15) and is fixed in the middle of the outer side of the water baffle (15), and a water collecting tank (24) is arranged at the lower part of the outer side of the water baffle (15);

a water inlet (1131) of the water guide pipe (113) is fixed at the lower part of the water collecting tank (24), and a plurality of openings are formed at the joint of the water collecting tank (24) and the water inlet (1131);

the plastic film (23) is also provided with an opening at a position close to the water baffle (15), a water leakage pipe (25) is arranged in the opening, and the water leakage pipe (25) extends to the inside of the water collecting tank (24).

2. The rapid construction method of the ecological restoration system for the salt-water lake in the drought region with high COD pollution as set forth in claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the evaporation collection device (2) further comprises 8 connecting columns (26), one ends of the connecting columns (26) are uniformly fixed on the inner side of the annular floating pipe (21), and the other ends of the connecting columns (26) are uniformly fixed on the annular keels (12) near the waterline position when the floating island (1) is in no-load.

3. The rapid construction method of the ecological restoration system for the salt-water lake in the drought region with high COD pollution as set forth in claim 2, which is characterized in that:

the irrigation system (3) comprises a spray irrigation device (31) and a water pump (32), wherein the left side of the water pump (32) is connected with a water inlet pipe (321), the right side of the water pump is connected with a water outlet pipe (322), and the spray irrigation device (31) comprises an omnibearing spray head (311) and a pressure tank (312);

the lower part of the water inlet pipe (321) extends to the water collecting tank (111), the right side of the water outlet pipe (322) is connected with the pressure tank (312), and the upper part of the pressure tank (312) is connected with the omnibearing spray head (311) through the telescopic pipe (313).

4. The rapid construction method of the ecological restoration system for the salt-water lake in the drought region with high COD pollution as set forth in claim 3, wherein the rapid construction method is characterized in that:

the irrigation system (3) further comprises a power supply device (4) and a control system (5), wherein the power supply device (4) comprises a storage battery and a wind-light complementary power generation system; the control system (5) is used for controlling the sprinkling irrigation equipment (31) and the water pump (32) to irrigate;

the storage battery of the power supply equipment (4) supplies power for all electric equipment.

5. The rapid construction method of the ecological restoration system for the salt-water lake in the drought region with high COD pollution as set forth in claim 1, which is characterized in that:

after the aquatic plants on the floating island (1) are planted, sunshade facilities are also required to be built;

the sunshade facility is a sunshade net, and the height of the sunshade net is not lower than 50cm from aquatic plants planted in the floating island (1);

6. The rapid construction method of the ecological restoration system for the salty lakes in the arid regions polluted by high COD as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that:

the nutrient soil (14) is a mixture of mixed fermented and decomposed aquatic weed, sheep manure and/or cow manure, peat soil, perlite and plant ash.

7. The rapid construction method of the ecological restoration system for the salt-water lake in the drought region with high COD pollution as set forth in claim 6, which is characterized in that:

the nutrient soil (14) comprises the following substances in percentage by volume: 40-50% of mixed fermentation decomposed aquatic weed, sheep manure and/or cow manure, 20-30% of peat soil, 10-15% of perlite and 10-15% of plant ash.

8. The rapid construction method of the ecological restoration system for the salt-water lake in the drought region with high COD pollution as set forth in claim 7, which is characterized in that:

m1, raw material selection:

m2, mixing raw materials:

m3, composting fermentation:

m4, compost management:

m5, composting: