CN114941068A - Preparation method of rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel - Google Patents
Preparation method of rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel, which belongs to the technical field of metallurgical materials, in particular to the field of steel for ultrahigh-strength engineering machinery, wherein a wide and thick plate continuous casting blank is adopted as a hot rolling raw material, and heating, controlled rolling and controlled cooling and heat treatment (quenching and high-temperature tempering) are carried out to finally obtain the ultrahigh-strength steel with good low-temperature impact toughness; through the detection of an impact test, the low-temperature impact at-60 ℃ of the steel plate is more than or equal to 60J.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgical materials, in particular to a preparation method of rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and society in China, engineering structures are increasingly developed towards high-parameter and large-scale engineering, steel for high-strength engineering machinery is more and more widely applied, the demand is increased, and the requirements on the strength of the steel and the toughness under the high-strength condition are higher and higher. Meanwhile, since most of the structural members made of such steel plates are connected in a welding manner, such steel materials are also required to have good welding performance. According to statistics, the single hydraulic support using the high-strength structural steel Q960 to Q690 can save 15t of steel, and the weight is reduced by 20%. As the grade of strength of steel material is increased, the risk of brittle fracture of steel for engineering structure is increased, and therefore, ductility indexes such as toughness, plasticity, yield ratio and the like of steel for high-strength structure are strictly controlled. Therefore, the development and development of the rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-level steel plate for the engineering machinery have important significance for reducing the weight of related equipment, prolonging the service life, reducing the consumption of raw materials and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960MPa grade ultrahigh-strength steel, so that the steel plate has good impact property, and the service life of the product is prolonged.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a preparation method of rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel, which comprises the following steps of:
smelting and continuous casting: performing desulfurization pretreatment on molten iron, performing decarburization and dephosphorization by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, performing LF external refining and RH furnace vacuum degassing, continuously casting a slab, cleaning and slowly cooling the slab, and checking the quality of the slab;
heating, rolling and cooling: heating to 1200-1250 ℃, discharging, descaling by high-pressure water, rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1130-1175 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 985-1090 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 12 percent, the cumulative reduction rate is more than or equal to 62 percent, the temperature is 2.5-3.5 times of the thickness of a finished product, the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is less than or equal to 940 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 13 percent, the cumulative reduction rate is more than or equal to 65 percent, the final rolling temperature range is 820-860 ℃, cooling to 560-650 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10-25 ℃/s after finish rolling, and then sending to a straightening machine for straightening;
and (3) heat treatment: after the surface quality of the steel plate is checked, performing surface shot blasting, heating the steel plate to 910-935 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, quenching, and performing tempering treatment of preserving heat for 10 minutes at 580-640 ℃.
Further, the ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Si: 0.25 to 0.80%, Mn: 1.45-2.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.010%, Nb: 0.03-0.06%, Mo: 0.10-0.70%, B: 0.001-0.005%, V: 0.04-0.09%, Ti: 0.010-0.050%, Cr: 0.20 to 1.50%, Al: 0.020 to 0.050%, RE (Ce): 0.0020-0.030 percent, less than or equal to 0.003 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.003 percent of O, and the balance of iron and other inevitable impurities.
Furthermore, the impact test detects that the low-temperature impact at-60 ℃ of the steel plate is more than or equal to 60J.
Further, the ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.15%, Si: 0.42%, Mn: 1.65%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.004%, Nb: 0.045%, Mo: 0.22%, B: 0.0015%, V: 0.060%, Ti: 0.013%, Cr: 0.32%, Al: 0.026%, Ce: 0.0025%, N: 0.0021%, O: 0.0020% and the balance of iron and other unavoidable impurities.
Further, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting and continuous casting: performing desulfurization pretreatment on molten iron, performing decarburization and dephosphorization by adopting a top-bottom combined blowing converter, performing LF external refining and RH furnace vacuum degassing, continuously casting a plate blank, cleaning and slowly cooling the plate blank, and checking the quality of the plate blank;
heating, rolling and cooling: heating to 1215 ℃, discharging, removing scale by high-pressure water, rolling, ensuring the single-pass reduction rate to be more than or equal to 12 percent, the accumulated reduction rate to be 63 percent, cooling to 612 ℃ at a cooling rate of 15 ℃/s after finish rolling, and then sending to a straightening machine for straightening, wherein the rough rolling starting temperature is 1145 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature is 990 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is ensured to be more than or equal to 12 percent, the finish rolling starting temperature is 935 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is ensured to be more than or equal to 13 percent in the second stage, the accumulated reduction rate is 66 percent, and the finish rolling temperature is 832 ℃;
and (3) heat treatment: after the surface quality of the steel plate is checked, the steel plate is subjected to surface shot blasting, then the steel plate is heated to 926 ℃ and is subjected to heat preservation for 30 minutes for quenching, and tempering treatment is performed at 585 ℃ for 10 minutes.
Further, the ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.16%, Si: 0.45%, Mn: 1.75%, P: 0.011%, S: 0.003%, Nb: 0.055%, Mo: 0.25%, B: 0.0017%, V: 0.065%, Ti: 0.015%, Cr: 0.39%, Al: 0.028%, Ce: 0.0045%, N: 0.0023%, O: 0.0018% and the balance of iron and other inevitable impurities.
Further, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting and continuous casting: performing desulfurization pretreatment on molten iron, performing decarburization and dephosphorization by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, performing LF external refining and RH furnace vacuum degassing, continuously casting a slab, cleaning and slowly cooling the slab, and checking the quality of the slab;
heating, rolling and cooling: heating to 1240 ℃, discharging, descaling by high-pressure water, rolling, ensuring that the single-pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 12 percent, the cumulative reduction rate is 64 percent, the finish rolling temperature is 931 ℃ when the temperature is 3.0 times of the thickness of a finished product, the single-pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 13 percent in the two stages, the cumulative reduction rate is 67 percent, the finish rolling temperature is 842 ℃, cooling to 612 ℃ at a cooling rate of 16 ℃/s after finish rolling, and then sending to a straightening machine for straightening;
and (3) heat treatment: after the surface quality of the steel plate is checked, performing surface shot blasting, heating the steel plate to 930 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, quenching, and performing tempering treatment at 600 ℃ for 10 minutes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the prepared steel plate has good impact property, and the service life of the product is prolonged.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the microstructure of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The chemical components of the continuous casting slab are as follows:
table 1 continuous casting billet chemical composition units: is based on
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Alt | Nb | V | Ti | Cr | Ce | Mo | B | O | N |
| 0.15 | 0.42 | 1.65 | 0.010 | 0.004 | 0.026 | 0.045 | 0.060 | 0.013 | 0.32 | 0.0025 | 0.22 | 0.0015 | 0.0020 | 0.0021 |
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
smelting and continuous casting: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out desulfurization pretreatment on molten iron, carrying out decarburization and dephosphorization by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, carrying out LF external refining and RH furnace vacuum degassing, carrying out slab continuous casting (electromagnetic stirring and soft reduction), carrying out slab cleaning and slow cooling, and carrying out slab quality inspection.
Heating, rolling and cooling: heating to 1215 ℃, discharging, removing scale by high-pressure water, rolling, ensuring the single-pass reduction rate to be more than or equal to 12 percent, the accumulated reduction rate to be 63 percent, cooling to 612 ℃ at a cooling rate of 15 ℃/s after finish rolling, and sending to a straightening machine for straightening, wherein the rough rolling starting temperature is 1145 ℃, the finish rolling temperature is 990 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is ensured to be more than or equal to 12 percent, the finish rolling starting temperature is 935 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is ensured to be more than or equal to 13 percent in the second stage, the accumulated reduction rate is 66 percent, and the finish rolling temperature is 832 ℃.
And (3) heat treatment: after the surface quality of the steel plate is checked, performing surface shot blasting, heating the steel plate to 926 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, quenching, and performing tempering treatment of preserving heat for 10 minutes at 585 ℃.
The impact value of the steel plate at the low temperature of-60 ℃ is 90J through the detection of an impact test.
Example 2
The chemical components of the continuous casting slab are as follows:
table 3 continuous casting billet chemical composition units: is based on
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Alt | Nb | V | Ti | Cr | Ce | Mo | B | O | N |
| 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.75 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.028 | 0.055 | 0.065 | 0.015 | 0.39 | 0.0045 | 0.25 | 0.0017 | 0.0018 | 0.0023 |
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
smelting and continuous casting: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out desulfurization pretreatment on molten iron, carrying out decarburization and dephosphorization by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, carrying out LF external refining and RH furnace vacuum degassing, carrying out slab continuous casting (electromagnetic stirring and soft reduction), carrying out slab cleaning and slow cooling, and carrying out slab quality inspection.
Heating, rolling and cooling: heating to 1240 ℃, discharging, descaling by high-pressure water, rolling, ensuring that the single-pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 12 percent, the cumulative reduction rate is 64 percent, the finish rolling temperature is 931 ℃ when the temperature is 3.0 times of the thickness of a finished product, the single-pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 13 percent in the two stages, the cumulative reduction rate is 67 percent, the finish rolling temperature is 842 ℃, cooling to 612 ℃ at the cooling rate of 16 ℃/s after finish rolling, and then sending to a straightening machine for straightening.
And (3) heat treatment: after the surface quality of the steel plate is checked, performing surface shot blasting, heating the steel plate to 930 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, quenching, and performing tempering treatment at 600 ℃ for 10 minutes.
The impact value of the steel plate at-60 ℃ is 102J as detected by an impact test.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for describing the preferred mode of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
smelting and continuous casting: performing desulfurization pretreatment on molten iron, performing decarburization and dephosphorization by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, performing LF external refining and RH furnace vacuum degassing, continuously casting a slab, cleaning and slowly cooling the slab, and checking the quality of the slab;
heating, rolling and cooling: heating to 1200-1250 ℃, discharging, descaling by high-pressure water, rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1130-1175 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 985-1090 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 12 percent, the cumulative reduction rate is more than or equal to 62 percent, the temperature is 2.5-3.5 times of the thickness of a finished product, the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is less than or equal to 940 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 13 percent, the cumulative reduction rate is more than or equal to 65 percent, the final rolling temperature range is 820-860 ℃, cooling to 560-650 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10-25 ℃/s after finish rolling, and then sending to a straightening machine for straightening;
and (3) heat treatment: after the surface quality of the steel plate is checked, performing surface shot blasting, heating the steel plate to 910-935 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, quenching, and performing tempering treatment at 580-640 ℃ for 10 minutes.
2. The method for preparing the rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20%, Si: 0.25 to 0.80%, Mn: 1.45-2.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.010%, Nb: 0.03-0.06%, Mo: 0.10-0.70%, B: 0.001-0.005%, V: 0.04-0.09%, Ti: 0.010-0.050%, Cr: 0.20 to 1.50%, Al: 0.020 to 0.050%, RE (Ce): 0.0020-0.030 percent, less than or equal to 0.003 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.003 percent of O, and the balance of iron and other inevitable impurities.
3. The method for preparing the rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps of: through the detection of an impact test, the low-temperature impact at-60 ℃ of the steel plate is more than or equal to 60J.
4. The method for preparing the rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.15%, Si: 0.42%, Mn: 1.65%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.004%, Nb: 0.045%, Mo: 0.22%, B: 0.0015%, V: 0.060%, Ti: 0.013%, Cr: 0.32%, Al: 0.026%, Ce: 0.0025%, N: 0.0021%, O: 0.0020% and the balance of iron and other unavoidable impurities.
5. The method for preparing the rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960MPa grade ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 4, characterized in that: the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting and continuous casting: performing desulfurization pretreatment on molten iron, performing decarburization and dephosphorization by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, performing LF external refining and RH furnace vacuum degassing, continuously casting a slab, cleaning and slowly cooling the slab, and checking the quality of the slab;
heating, rolling and cooling: heating to 1215 ℃, discharging, removing scale by high-pressure water, rolling, ensuring the single-pass reduction rate to be more than or equal to 12 percent, the accumulated reduction rate to be 63 percent, cooling to 612 ℃ at a cooling rate of 15 ℃/s after finish rolling, and then sending to a straightening machine for straightening, wherein the rough rolling starting temperature is 1145 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature is 990 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is ensured to be more than or equal to 12 percent, the finish rolling starting temperature is 935 ℃, the single-pass reduction rate is ensured to be more than or equal to 13 percent in the second stage, the accumulated reduction rate is 66 percent, and the finish rolling temperature is 832 ℃;
and (3) heat treatment: after the surface quality of the steel plate is checked, the steel plate is subjected to surface shot blasting, then the steel plate is heated to 926 ℃ and is subjected to heat preservation for 30 minutes for quenching, and tempering treatment is performed at 585 ℃ for 10 minutes.
6. The method for preparing the rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960 MPa-grade ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.16%, Si: 0.45%, Mn: 1.75%, P: 0.011%, S: 0.003%, Nb: 0.055%, Mo: 0.25%, B: 0.0017%, V: 0.065%, Ti: 0.015%, Cr: 0.39%, Al: 0.028%, Ce: 0.0045%, N: 0.0023%, O: 0.0018% and the balance of iron and other inevitable impurities.
7. The method for preparing the rare earth microalloyed high-toughness 960MPa grade ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting and continuous casting: performing desulfurization pretreatment on molten iron, performing decarburization and dephosphorization by adopting a top-bottom combined blown converter, performing LF external refining and RH furnace vacuum degassing, continuously casting a slab, cleaning and slowly cooling the slab, and checking the quality of the slab;
heating, rolling and cooling: heating to 1240 ℃, discharging, descaling by high-pressure water, rolling, ensuring that the single-pass reduction rate is not less than 12%, the accumulated reduction rate is 64%, the finish rolling temperature is 931 ℃ when the temperature is 3.0 times of the thickness of a finished product, the single-pass reduction rate is not less than 13%, the accumulated reduction rate is 67%, the finish rolling temperature is 842 ℃, cooling to 612 ℃ at a cooling rate of 16 ℃/s after finish rolling, and then sending to a straightening machine for straightening;
and (3) heat treatment: after the surface quality of the steel plate is checked, performing surface shot blasting, heating the steel plate to 930 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, quenching, and performing tempering treatment at 600 ℃ for 10 minutes.
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