CN114935430A - Method for calculating position of dynamic balance weighting point by only adopting handheld vibration meter - Google Patents
Method for calculating position of dynamic balance weighting point by only adopting handheld vibration meter Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/14—Determining imbalance
- G01M1/16—Determining imbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/30—Compensating imbalance
- G01M1/32—Compensating imbalance by adding material to the body to be tested, e.g. by correcting-weights
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Abstract
A method for calculating the position of a dynamic balance weighted point only by adopting a handheld vibration meter belongs to the technical field of fault identification and diagnosis of rotating equipment; the problems that more instruments need to be erected, the process is complex and the efficiency is low in the conventional dynamic balance method are solved; the vibration amount A, B, C was measured by a hand-held vibration meter at the rotor position K, the coordinate (R, 0) position, and the coordinate (R, 0) position, respectively, and when a ≠ B and a ≠ C, the emphasis point Q coordinate was (0,
) (ii) a When a ≠ B and a ═ C, the emphasis point Q coordinate is: (
0) (ii) a When A is not equal to B and A is not equal to C, the point Q is emphasizedIs marked as
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fault identification and diagnosis of rotating equipment, and relates to a method for calculating the position of a dynamic balance weighted point by only adopting a handheld vibration meter.
Background
The rotating equipment is mechanical equipment with a rotor as a main component, and is widely applied to the fields of petrochemical industry, aerospace, ships, automobiles, water conservancy and the like. Due to manufacturing, mounting errors and wear during operation, the rotor inevitably experiences an imbalance in the mass distribution. Rotor imbalance is a major source of excitation in rotating machines and is a trigger for many self-excited vibrations. Unbalance can cause deflection and internal stress of a rotor, so that vibration and noise are generated by the machine, abrasion of a bearing and a shaft seal is accelerated, and the working efficiency of the machine is reduced. Therefore, an operation of positioning and removing the position and size of the unbalance amount (centrifugal force and centrifugal couple, see relative movement) generated when the rotor rotates is required. The unbalance causes lateral vibrations of the rotor and subjects the rotor to unnecessary dynamic loads, which are detrimental to the proper functioning of the rotor. Therefore, most rotors should be dynamically balanced. Dynamic balancing becomes a process step in machine manufacturing or maintenance.
The unbalance generated when the rotor rotates is caused by that the mass center of each micro-segment of the rotor is not strictly positioned on the rotating axis. The centrifugal force generated by each micro-segment due to the deviation of the mass center from the revolution axis is perpendicular to the revolution axis. The centrifugal forces are combined into a small number of concentrated forces by the combination of forces, the direction of which is still perpendicular to the axis. Generally, at least two concentrated forces acting on two cross-sections, respectively, are used to represent the original centrifugal force system. If the two concentrated forces just form a couple, the original unbalance amount cannot be perceived and measured when the rotor does not rotate; the couple does create a lateral disturbance and causes vibration of the rotor when rotating. The effect of this imbalance is only noticeable and measurable in the dynamic regime of rotation, so dynamic balancing is required. Static balance, in contrast, refers to balance that can be performed without rotation when the mass of the rotor is so concentrated that it can be viewed as a thin disk of negligible thickness perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The method is to place the rotor horizontally, the heavier side will hang down under the action of gravity, and adjust the position of the center of mass of the rotor to make it on the rotation axis.
There are two general approaches commonly used in the prior art:
(1) vibration molding method: and decomposing the unbalance amount according to the inherent vibration mode of each stage of the rotor. If the rotation speed during dynamic balance is close to a certain critical rotation speed, the inherent vibration pattern of the first step is protruded above other steps. By detecting the mode shape, the size of the correction mass and the position where the correction mass should be placed to eliminate the unbalanced component of the first order can be found, and dynamic balance can be completed by carrying out the steps.
(2) Influence coefficient method: and selecting a plurality of correction surfaces and a plurality of measurement surfaces on the rotor and carrying out operation correction for multiple times. The vibration of a certain measuring surface caused by a unit correction quantity on a certain correcting surface at a certain rotating speed is an influence coefficient. By measuring or calculating these influence coefficients, it is possible to determine the position and size of each correction surface to be weighted (or de-weighted) in order to limit the vibration of each measurement surface to a certain magnitude or less based on the vibration caused by the unbalance amount.
Other methods such as the mode-circular method have been developed on the basis of these two methods.
The prior art method has the following disadvantages:
1) when the vibration test is carried out, a large amount of instrument equipment such as a key phase probe (for carrying out phase measurement), a vibration probe (for measuring vibration magnitude), vibration receiving equipment, vibration analysis storage equipment and the like needs to be installed; 2) the critical rotating speed of the rotor needs to be analyzed before dynamic balance is carried out, and a certain technical basis is needed; 3) the installation of key looks and vibration probe is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and has the risk that drops or connect insecurely.
The application publication date is 3 and 1 in 2019, and the application publication number is as follows: the chinese patent application document CN109406053A, "dynamic balancing method for rotor without counterweight", adopts the complete machine dynamic balancing method, and has the above-mentioned disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the position of a dynamic balance weighting point by only adopting a handheld vibration meter, so as to solve the problems that the existing dynamic balance method needs more instruments to be erected, the process is complex and the efficiency is low.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating the position of a dynamic balance weighting point only by adopting a handheld vibration meter comprises the following steps:
marking a mark K on the rotor, starting the rotor, carrying out vibration test on the rotor by using a handheld vibration meter at the mark K, and recording a test result A;
measuring the radius R of the rotor, confirming the center of a circle O, connecting the point O with the point K, making a perpendicular line at the point O, establishing an xy plane coordinate system, and dividing a rotor rotation plane into 4 areas;
weighting a balancing weight with mass m at the position of a coordinate (R, 0), starting a rotor, carrying out vibration test on the rotor by using a handheld vibration meter at a mark K, and recording a test result as B;
taking down the balancing weight added at the coordinate (R, 0), adding the balancing weight with the mass of m at the position (0, R), starting a rotor, carrying out contra-rotation vibration test at a mark K by using a handheld vibration tester, and recording a test result as C;
if a ≠ B and a ≠ C, the coordinate of weighted point Q is:
if a ≠ B and a ═ C, the coordinates of the weighted point Q are:
if A ≠ B and A ≠ C, the weighted point Q coordinate is:
according to the technical scheme, only the hand-held vibration meter is adopted, a large amount of test instrument equipment is not required to be installed, the measurement is convenient and accurate, the dynamic balance efficiency is improved, the analysis is not required to be carried out in combination with the critical rotating speed during the dynamic balance calculation, the calculation complexity is reduced, the calculation flow is simplified, the position and the angle needing to be weighted can be rapidly and accurately judged, and the weighting quality is calculated.
Further, if a ≠ B and a ≠ C, the weight mass for weight point Q is:
if A ≠ B and A ═ C, the weight mass of the weighting point Q is as follows:
if A ≠ B and A ≠ C, then the counterweight quality of the weighting point Q is as follows:
furthermore, if the coordinate of the emphasis point Q is outside the rotor rotation plane, the emphasis is carried out at the circumferential intersection point P of the OQ connecting line and the rotor rotation plane, and the weight of the balancing weight is
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the technical scheme, only the hand-held vibration meter is adopted, a large amount of test instrument equipment is not required to be installed, the measurement is convenient and accurate, the dynamic balance efficiency is improved, the analysis is not required to be carried out in combination with the critical rotating speed during the dynamic balance calculation, the calculation complexity is reduced, the calculation flow is simplified, the position and the angle needing to be weighted can be rapidly and accurately judged, and the weighting quality is calculated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hand-held vibration meter of an embodiment of the present invention testing a rotor at point K;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of rotor rotation plane area division according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the coordinates of the emphasis point Q out of the rotor rotation plane in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by combining the drawings and the specific embodiments in the specification:
examples
The method of the invention is concretely as follows:
1. marking a mark K on the rotor, performing vibration test on the mark K by using a handheld vibration meter, and recording a test result A as shown in fig. 1;
2. measuring the radius R of the rotor and confirming the circle center O, connecting the point O with the point K, making a perpendicular line at the point O, establishing an xy plane coordinate system, dividing a rotor rotation plane into 4 areas which are named as an area I, an area II, an area III and an area IV respectively, and specifically shown in figure 2;
3. testing a balancing weight with the weight of m at the position of a coordinate (R, 0), starting a rotor, carrying out vibration test on the balancing weight at the mark K by using a handheld vibration meter, and recording a test result as B;
4. taking down the balancing weight added at the coordinate (R, 0), trying to add the balancing weight with the weight of m at the position (0, R), starting the rotor, carrying out vibration test on the balancing weight at the mark K by using a handheld vibration meter, and recording a test result as C;
5. and (3) analyzing the test result:
(1) determination of emphasized Q-coordinate region
If A > B and A > C, the coordinates of the weighted point Q are located in the I area; if A is less than B and A is more than C, the coordinate of the weighted point Q is positioned in the area II; if A is less than B and A is less than C, the coordinate of the weighted point Q is located in the area III; if A > B and A < C, the coordinate of the weighted point Q is located in the IV area; if A is equal to B and A is equal to C, the coordinate of the weighting point Q is positioned on the y axis; the coordinate of the weighted point Q is located on the x-axis if a ≠ B and a ≠ C.
(2) Calculation of coordinates of emphasis Q and emphasis mass
If A > B and A > C, the x-axis direction is calculated first, and the weighted mass at the (R, 0) position is
The vibration of the rotor can be reduced to the minimum value;
then, the weighted mass at the (0, R) position is calculated as
The rotary equipment vibration can be reduced to the minimum value;
and finally, carrying out vector synthesis to obtain the coordinate of the emphasis point Q as follows:
the weight-added mass is as follows:
if the coordinate of the emphasis point Q is outside the rotor rotation plane, as shown by the point Q in FIG. 3, the weight is added at the intersection point P of the OQ line and the circumference of the rotor rotation plane, and the weight is added
The coordinate calculation of the weight point Q for the three cases of A < B and A > C, A < B and A < C, A > B and A < C is the same as for A > B and A > C.
If A is B, then the x-axis direction is not weighted, i.e. M 1 0; if A is equal to C, the weight is not added in the y-axis direction, i.e. M 2 ＝0。
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for calculating the position of a dynamic balance weighting point only by adopting a handheld vibration meter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
marking a mark K on the rotor, starting the rotor, carrying out vibration test on the rotor by using a handheld vibration meter at the mark K, and recording a test result A;
measuring the radius R of the rotor, confirming the center of a circle O, connecting the point O with the point K, making a perpendicular line at the point O, establishing an xy plane coordinate system, and dividing a rotor rotation plane into 4 areas;
weighting a balancing weight with mass m at the position of a coordinate (R, 0), starting a rotor, carrying out vibration test on the rotor by using a handheld vibration meter at a mark K, and recording a test result as B;
taking down the balancing weight added at the coordinate (R, 0), adding the balancing weight with the mass of m at the position (0, R), starting a rotor, carrying out contra-rotation vibration test at a mark K by using a handheld vibration tester, and recording a test result as C;
if a ≠ B and a ≠ C, the coordinate of weighted point Q is:
if a ≠ B and a ═ C, then the coordinates of the weighted point Q are:
if A ≠ B and A ≠ C, the weighted point Q coordinate is:
2. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein if A ═ is greater than the threshold, the method for calculating the position of the dynamic balance weighting point is performed by using a hand-held vibration meter onlyB and A ≠ C, then the weight-balancing weight quality of the weighting point Q is as follows:
if A ≠ B and A ═ C, the weight mass of the weighting point Q is as follows:
if A ≠ B and A ≠ C, then the counterweight quality of the weighting point Q is as follows:
3. the method for calculating the position of a dynamic balance weighting point by using a hand-held vibration meter only according to claim 2, wherein if the coordinate of the weighting point Q is outside the rotor rotation plane, the weighting is performed at the intersection point P of the OQ connecting line and the circumference of the rotor rotation plane, and the mass of the balancing weight is
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210287832.0A CN114935430A (en) | 2022-03-23 | 2022-03-23 | Method for calculating position of dynamic balance weighting point by only adopting handheld vibration meter |
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