CN114931939B - Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in propellant - Google Patents
Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in propellant Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous amide Chemical compound ON=N XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B01J35/51—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of germanium, tin or lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of propellant additives, and provides a Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material (thermal-Pb@C), a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a propellant, in order to solve the problems of single catalysis mode, limited catalysis capacity and the like of the existing carbon-based and Pb-based catalysts. The composite material Spherical-Pb@C is prepared by mixing and drying sulfonated lignin and lead nitrate according to the mass ratio of 1:3-3:1, and then calcining, carbonizing and modifying. The burning rate of the solid propellant after the addition of the Spherical-Pb@C can be improved by 15% at most. The catalyst for the solid propellant has the advantages that all components are uniformly distributed and have regular spherical morphology; the catalyst for the solid propellant prepared by the application has better catalytic effect on the combustion performance of the propellant, and can reduce the integral mechanical sensitivity of the propellant.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of propellant additives, and particularly relates to a Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material (thermal-Pb@C), a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a propellant; are used as combustion catalysts for solid propellants to enhance the combustion performance of the solid propellants.
Background
Currently, with the continued development of solid propellant technology, various new propellant formulations are widely used in the field of aerospace and weapon systems. Among these, various types of functionally distinct additives are important components in solid propellants. The core of the solid propellant in terms of its overall performance is the combustion and safety characteristics, so the core problem of the propulsion technology is how to improve the combustion and safety performance of the propellant. Numerous studies have shown that the addition of small amounts of catalyst is an effective method of adjusting the combustion properties of propellants, particularly carbon materials and Pb metal based materials, often applied to solid propellants for adjusting their combustion properties. However, the existing carbon-based and Pb-based catalysts have single catalytic mode and limited catalytic capability, and meanwhile, the solid propellant has explosive characteristics, and the traditional catalyst has more edges or defects on the surface due to irregular morphology, so that hot spots are easily formed in the propulsion process to cause abnormal combustion and explosion of the propellant. Therefore, the development of solid propellant additives with high catalytic and safety properties is imperative.
Reference is made to:
[1] the application of nanocarbon in energetic materials has progressed, energetic materials, 2022;
[2] catalytic decomposition study of C60-base lead salt on nitrosamine, the nineteenth national academy of chemical thermodynamics and thermal analysis academy of papers abstract collection, 2018.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material (Spherical-Pb@C), a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a propellant, and aims to solve the problems that the existing carbon-based and Pb-based catalysts are single in catalytic mode, limited in catalytic capability and the like. The material is used for solid propellant filler, and can realize the adjustment of the combustion performance of the propellant without affecting the mechanical sensitivity of the propellant.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application is realized by the following technical scheme: spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material Sphere-Pb@C is prepared by mixing and drying sulfonated lignin and lead nitrate according to the mass ratio of 1:3-3:1, and then calcining and carbonizing for modification.
The method for preparing the Spherical lignin-based Pb-metal co-doped carbon composite material Spherical-Pb@C comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) Preparing a co-solution: the sulfonated lignin and Pb (NO) are mixed according to the proportion 3 ） 2 Mixing, adding ultrapure water for ultrasonic dispersion, and obtaining a co-solution after the solute is completely dissolved;
(2) Preparing a co-doped product: drying the co-solution obtained in the step (1) to obtain a product of co-doping of the lignin-based carbon material and Pb metal; drying at 80-120deg.C until all water is evaporated;
(3) Carbonization modification: putting the co-doped product obtained in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and heating to 500-800 ℃ under the inert gas atmosphere for calcination; after the calcination reaction is finished, the temperature of the tube furnace is reduced to room temperature, a sample is taken out, and the sample is repeatedly washed and dried under dilute hydrochloric acid and ultrapure water to obtain the thermal-Pb@C.
The addition amount of the ultrapure water in the step (1) accounts for 60% -95% of the total mass of the co-solution, the ultrasonic frequency is 200 kHz-1000 kHz, and the solute is completely dissolved by ultrasonic.
The co-solution in step (2) is pumped out and dried using a small spray dryer.
The inert gas atmosphere in the step (3) is nitrogen or argon; the temperature rising rate is 5-20 ℃/min; heating to 500-800 ℃; the calcination time is 2-8 h; naturally cooling to room temperature after calcining; the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 5% -20%; washing until impurities are completely removed; drying at 80-120deg.C until the solvent is completely volatilized.
The application of the Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material Sphere-Pb@C in a propellant is that the propellant is a solid propellant, and the specific application method is as follows:
(1) Adding the thermal-Pb@C to an existing propellant formula or replacing a catalyst in the existing formula; performing impact sensitivity test on the propellant sample added with the catalyst;
(2) Preparing a propellant charge strip; measuring the burning rate of the propellant containing the Sphere-Pb@C in different proportions by using an underwater acoustic emission method;
(3) The optimal adding proportion and burning rate of the thermal-Pb@C are obtained.
The addition amount of the composite material Spherical-Pb@C in the solid propellant is 2% -6%.
Further, the addition amount of the composite material Spherical-Pb@C in the solid propellant is 4%.
The main principle of the preparation method in the application is an Oswald ripening mechanism, when sulfonated lignin and Pb (NO 3 ） 2 After atomization in a spray dryer, small liquids are formed and uniformly distributed in the dryer, and when the solute in the solvent tends to saturate according to the oswald ripening mechanism, the solvent is dissolvedThe movement trend of the mass is to move towards the surface of larger crystals, and the solute is continuously moved towards the surface of the crystals until all the solute becomes a larger spherical particle, so that the surface area is minimized, and therefore, the atomized and dried product presents uniform spherical particles.
Compared with the traditional combustion catalyst, the composite material Spherical-Pb@C prepared by the application has rich functional groups on the surface of the lignin-based carbon material, so that the composite material has more catalytic active sites, and meanwhile, electron migration can occur between Pb and C due to electron interaction, so that a new active center is formed.
Unlike traditional combustion catalyst, the Spherical-Pb@C has regular sphere, and the structure can increase the effects of lubrication, shock absorption and the like of the propellant under the external stimulus of extrusion, collision and the like, thereby being beneficial to improving the safety performance of the propellant.
In the application, the burning rate of the solid propellant after the addition of the thermal-Pb@C can be improved by 15% at most. The catalyst for the solid propellant has the advantages that all components are uniformly distributed and have regular spherical morphology; the catalyst for the solid propellant prepared by the application has better catalytic effect on the combustion performance of the propellant, and can reduce the integral mechanical sensitivity of the propellant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a thermal-Pb@C precursor product; as can be seen from the graph, the product is in a regular sphere shape, the surface is smooth, and the particle size is 1-10 mu m; in the figure: sulfonated lignin and Pb (NO) 3 ） 2 Mixing according to the proportion of 1:1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of carbonated thermal-Pb@C, and it can be seen from the image that the product is still in a regular sphere shape after carbonization, but the surface is slightly rough compared with the precursor, which may be caused by collapse due to gas generation or shrinkage at certain parts of the product during carbonization; in the carbonization process in the figure, the temperature rising rate is as follows: 10. c/min, carbonization temperature: 800. c, carbonization time period: 4 h.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as is commonly understood by reference.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that equivalents of the specific embodiments described, as well as those known by routine experimentation, are intended to be encompassed within the present application.
The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The instruments used in the following examples are laboratory conventional instruments unless otherwise specified; the experimental materials used in the examples described below, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores.
Example 1: a Spherical lignin-based Pb-metal co-doped carbon composite material Sphere-Pb@C is characterized in that: the composite material Spherical-Pb@C is prepared by mixing and drying sulfonated lignin and lead nitrate according to the mass ratio of 1:3-3:1, and then calcining, carbonizing and modifying.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a co-solution: the sulfonated lignin and Pb (NO) are mixed according to the proportion 3 ） 2 Mixing, adding ultrapure water for ultrasonic dispersion, and obtaining a co-solution after the solute is completely dissolved;
(2) Preparing a co-doped product: and (3) drying the co-solution obtained in the step (1) to obtain a product of co-doping the lignin-based carbon material and Pb metal. Drying conditions: temperature: drying at 100deg.C until all water is evaporated to dryness;
(3) Carbonization modification: putting the co-doped product obtained in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and heating to 500-800 ℃ under the inert gas atmosphere for calcination; after the calcination reaction is finished, the temperature of the tube furnace is reduced to room temperature, a sample is taken out, and the sample is repeatedly washed and dried under dilute hydrochloric acid and ultrapure water to obtain the thermal-Pb@C.
The addition amount of the ultrapure water in the step (1) accounts for 90% of the total mass of the co-solution, and the ultrasonic frequency is as follows: 600 kHz, ultrasonic until the solute is completely dissolved.
The co-solution in step (2) is pumped out and dried using a small spray dryer.
The inert gas atmosphere in the step (3) is nitrogen or argon; the temperature rising rate is 10 ℃/min; heating to 800 ℃; calcination time was 4 h; naturally cooling to room temperature after calcining; the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 10%; washing until impurities are completely removed; drying at 100 ℃ after washing; drying until the solvent is completely volatilized.
Experimental example 1: application of spherial-Pb@C in NEPE propellant
The formulations were formulated using typical NEPE propellants as the base formulation, the amounts of which are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: NEPE propellant formulation
The weight of each component is weighed according to the formula design ratio, and the components comprise Al powder, AP, HMX, polyether energy-containing adhesive, curing catalyst, neutral bonding agent, stabilizer and the like. Mixing according to the design process to obtain NEPE propellant slurry with uniform dispersion. Wherein, the types and the contents of the catalysts are respectively as follows: 2% of the catalyst, 4% of the catalyst, and 6% of the catalyst, wherein the catalyst accounts for the total mass of the propellant. The mixed slurry was made into a propellant billet, which was tested for its combustion and safety properties and compared to conventional NEPE propellant properties. Sensitivity test the falling weight impact sensitivity of the propellant was tested according to QJ 20019-2018 test method for safety Property of composite solid propellant. The solid propellant block formed by curing was cut into strips of sample size 5 mm ×5 mm ×100 mm at a test temperature of 20 ℃. The burning rate of the medicine strip is tested according to GJB 770B-2005 method 706.2 under the fire rate and underwater sound emission. The test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: NEPE propellant impact sensitivity and burn rate data
As can be seen from Table 2, as the dosage of the novel Spherical-Pb@C catalyst increases, the impact sensitivity of NEPE propellant discharge slurry becomes better, because the Spherical-Pb@C has a smooth and regular Spherical shape, and the Spherical-type NEPE propellant discharge slurry has the effects of shock absorption and lubrication.
The propellant added with the catalyst of Spherical-Pb@C generally improves the burning rate of the medicine strip under 7 MPa, wherein when the content of Spherical-Pb@C reaches 4%, the burning rate reaches the highest value, which is 10.90 mm/s. This is mainly due to the fact that lignin-based carbon materials in the thermal-pb@c contain rich functional groups, can form many catalytically active sites, and in addition, have synergistic catalytic action with Pb metal, resulting in a significant increase in the combustion rate of the propellant.
Experimental example 2: application of spherial-Pb@C in HTPB propellant
The typical HTPB propellant is taken as a basic formula, and the HTPB propellant adopted by the propellant comprises the following components: ap+al+solid catalyst+dos+htpb binder system. And mixing according to a design process to prepare the HTPB propellant slurry with uniform dispersion. Wherein, the types and the contents of the catalysts are respectively as follows: 2% of the mixture slurry is prepared into a propellant square billet by using 2% of the mixture slurry, 4% of the mixture slurry, and 6% of the mixture slurry is prepared into the propellant square billet, and the combustion performance and the safety performance of the propellant square billet are tested and compared with those of a conventional HTPB propellant. Sensitivity test the falling weight impact sensitivity of the propellant was tested according to QJ 20019-2018 test method for safety Property of composite solid propellant. The solid propellant block formed by curing was cut into strips of sample size 5 mm ×5 mm ×100 mm at a test temperature of 20 ℃. The burning rate of the medicine strip is tested according to GJB 770B-2005 method 706.2 under the fire rate and underwater sound emission. The test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: HTPB propellant impact sensitivity and burn rate data
As can be seen from Table 3, as the dosage of the novel sphere-Pb@C catalyst is larger, the impact sensitivity of the HTPB propellant discharging slurry is better, because sphere-Pb@C is smooth and regular, and the effects of shock absorption and lubrication can be achieved in the propellant.
The propellant added with the catalyst of Spherical-Pb@C generally improves the burning rate of the medicine strip under 7 MPa, wherein when the content of Spherical-Pb@C reaches 4%, the burning rate reaches the highest value, which is 12.21 mm/s.
In the above examples, the main principle that the thermal-pb@c catalyst can significantly increase the combustion speed of the propellant is: pb and C are very good combustion catalysts, and after Pb and C are combined, electrons in the two elements are transferred due to repulsive attraction, so that vacancy electrons or defects are caused, more catalytic active sites are formed, the thermal decomposition performance of the propellant component is improved, and finally the combustion speed of the propellant is obviously improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application.
Claims (8)
1. A Spherical lignin-based Pb-metal co-doped carbon composite material Sphere-Pb@C is characterized in that: the composite material Spherical-Pb@C is prepared by mixing and drying sulfonated lignin and lead nitrate according to the mass ratio of 1:3-3:1, and then calcining, carbonizing and modifying.
2. A method for preparing the Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material sphere-pb@c of claim 1, characterized by: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Preparing a co-solution: the sulfonated lignin and Pb (NO) are mixed according to the proportion 3 ） 2 Mixing, adding ultrapure water for ultrasonic dispersion, and obtaining a co-solution after the solute is completely dissolved;
(2) Preparing a co-doped product: drying the co-solution obtained in the step (1) to obtain a product of co-doping of the lignin-based carbon material and Pb metal; wherein: drying at 80-120deg.C until all water is evaporated;
(3) Carbonization modification: putting the co-doped product obtained in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and heating to 500-800 ℃ under the inert gas atmosphere for calcination; after the calcination reaction is finished, the temperature of the tube furnace is reduced to room temperature, a sample is taken out, and the sample is repeatedly washed and dried under dilute hydrochloric acid and ultrapure water to obtain the thermal-Pb@C.
3. The method for preparing the Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material sphere-pb@c according to claim 2, wherein: the addition amount of the ultrapure water in the step (1) accounts for 60% -95% of the total mass of the co-solution, the ultrasonic frequency is 200 kHz-1000 kHz, and the solute is completely dissolved by ultrasonic.
4. The method for preparing the Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material sphere-pb@c according to claim 2, wherein: the co-solution in step (2) is pumped out and dried using a small spray dryer.
5. The method for preparing the Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material sphere-pb@c according to claim 2, wherein: the inert gas atmosphere in the step (3) is nitrogen or argon; the temperature rising rate is 5-20 ℃/min; heating to 500-800 ℃; the calcination time is 2-8 h; naturally cooling to room temperature after calcining; the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 5% -20%; washing until impurities are completely removed; drying at 80-120deg.C until the solvent is completely volatilized.
6. The use of Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material sphere-pb@c as claimed in claim 1 in a propellant, characterized in that: the propellant is a solid propellant, and the specific application method comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding the thermal-Pb@C to an existing propellant formula or replacing a catalyst in the existing formula; performing impact sensitivity test on the propellant sample added with the catalyst;
(2) Preparing a propellant charge strip; measuring the burning rate of the propellant containing the Sphere-Pb@C in different proportions by using an underwater acoustic emission method;
(3) The addition ratio and the burning rate of the Spherical-Pb@C are obtained.
7. The use of Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material sphere-pb@c in a propellant according to claim 6, characterized by: the addition amount of the composite material Spherical-Pb@C in the solid propellant is 2% -6%.
8. The use of Spherical lignin-based Pb metal co-doped carbon composite material sphere-pb@c in a propellant according to claim 7, characterized by: the addition amount of the composite material Spherical-Pb@C in the solid propellant is 4%.
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| CN109020766A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-12-18 | 湖北三江航天江河化工科技有限公司 | A kind of composite solidpropellant and its manufacturing method |
| CN111282547A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-06-16 | 广东省石油与精细化工研究院 | Lignin-based biochar and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113594480A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-02 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Heteroatom-codoped non-noble metal-based carbon material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113621979A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-09 | 尹华杰 | Preparation method and application of carbon-based anode material for producing chlorine through electrolysis |
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2022
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| US5214013A (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-05-25 | Peterson Stephen L | Ion exchange media of bonded natural zeolite fines |
| CN109020766A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-12-18 | 湖北三江航天江河化工科技有限公司 | A kind of composite solidpropellant and its manufacturing method |
| CN111282547A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-06-16 | 广东省石油与精细化工研究院 | Lignin-based biochar and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113594480A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-02 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Heteroatom-codoped non-noble metal-based carbon material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113621979A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-09 | 尹华杰 | Preparation method and application of carbon-based anode material for producing chlorine through electrolysis |
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