CN114923295B - 一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法 - Google Patents

一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114923295B
CN114923295B CN202210735389.9A CN202210735389A CN114923295B CN 114923295 B CN114923295 B CN 114923295B CN 202210735389 A CN202210735389 A CN 202210735389A CN 114923295 B CN114923295 B CN 114923295B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
stage
turboexpander
series
outlet end
turbine expander
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202210735389.9A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN114923295A (zh
Inventor
熊联友
王广海
邵东方
杨坤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Zhongke Fu Hai Low Temperature Technology Co ltd
Original Assignee
Beijing Zhongke Fu Hai Low Temperature Technology Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beijing Zhongke Fu Hai Low Temperature Technology Co ltd filed Critical Beijing Zhongke Fu Hai Low Temperature Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202210735389.9A priority Critical patent/CN114923295B/zh
Publication of CN114923295A publication Critical patent/CN114923295A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN114923295B publication Critical patent/CN114923295B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/0007—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F25B41/42—Arrangements for diverging or converging flows, e.g. branch lines or junctions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0247—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法，涉及制冷***领域，包括压缩机、与压缩机相连的若干组换热器和两台串联的透平膨胀机，若干组换热器串联且与透平膨胀机并联，两台透平膨胀机之间与其中一组换热器串联，在两台透平膨胀机之间添加一组旁通回路，旁通回路上连接有旁通调节阀，以调节旁通回路内气体流量，旁通回路与换热器或透平膨胀机相连。本发明具有避免了一级透平膨胀机长期在低转速下运转造成的低制冷能力的优点。

Description

一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制冷***技术领域，尤其涉及一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法。
背景技术
透平膨胀机是深冷法气体分离及液化装置的重要核心部件之一。透平膨胀机的制冷能力与透平膨胀机的进口温度及膨胀比相关，在膨胀机出口压力一定的情况下，等熵焓降与进口的压力和温度相关，温度越高、膨胀比越大，则焓降越大，其中温度对等熵焓降的影响更大，所以在高温下膨胀，透平膨胀机获得的制冷量更大。此外，透平膨胀机的工作转速与其焓降的平方根近似成正比例关系，焓降越大，工作转速越高。
对于所需制冷温度较低的低温装置，通常会采用多级透平膨胀机在不同温区进行膨胀制冷，在较高温区工作的透平膨胀机在高温下膨胀可获得较大的制冷量，而低温温区工作的膨胀机在低温下膨胀制冷可以获得较低的制冷温度。
对于常用的低温制冷工质，沸点越低，在高温下膨胀就会有越高的焓降，越大的制冷能力，例如氢、氦制冷工质相对于天然气、空气、氮气等工质的沸点低，在高温下膨胀会有更高的焓降，因此采用低沸点的低温工质气体构成的制冷循环，通常会布置两个串联的透平膨胀机，采取两级膨胀加中间换热降温的方式来制冷，中间换热一方面有利于提高高温温区膨胀机的工作温度，另一方面有利于降低低温温区膨胀机的工作温度。例如图1所示的氦液化装置、氢液化装置等采用修正的Claude液化循环就是基于两级膨胀加中间换热降温的方式来制冷，这样的流程布置既有利于获得大的制冷能力、较低的制冷温度，又能通过串联减少单个膨胀机的焓降，避免过高的焓降降带来的过高转速。
对于两级串联中间换热制冷***，在降温过程中由于***中的换热器、透平膨胀机等部件从常温开始逐渐降温，因此膨胀机的进口温度在降温阶段都是在偏离设计工况的高温下膨胀，又加上中间有换热，在降温过程中换热器的热容较大，降温缓慢，往往会使得二级透平膨胀机的进口温度与一级透平膨胀机的进口温度相近；另一方面，由于串联膨胀的缘故，二级透平膨胀机的进口压力比一级的低，为一级透平膨胀机出口压力减去沿程流动阻力。基于进口温度及压力两个方面的原因，对于按设计工况设计的串联的一、二级透平膨胀机而言，如果要在降温初期的工况下达到设计的工作转速，所需的二级透平膨胀机的质量流量比一级透平膨胀机所需的质量流量大，但由于透平膨胀机串联布置，一、二级透平膨胀机的质量流量相同，即降温过程中串联的一、二级透平膨胀机所需的流量不匹配，这种流量的不匹配，将导致降温初期第二级透平膨胀机很容易达到工作转速，而一级透平膨胀机在降温初期往往只能低速运转，只有当***降温到足够低的温度，一级透平的转速才能随着二级透平膨胀机进口温度的降低慢慢升高，逐渐达到工作转速。
因此，降温过程中，由于串联透平膨胀机满足设计转速下工作所需的流量不匹配，导致一级透平膨胀机长时间在低于工作转速的状态下工作，制冷能力大幅下降，大大增加了降温的时间。
因此，针对以上不足，需要提供一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是解决：常规的两级串联透平膨胀机中，一级透平膨胀机在低温***降温过程中长时间低于工作转速工作，降温效率低的问题。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法，包括压缩机、与压缩机相连的若干组换热器以及两台串联的透平膨胀机，若干组换热器串联，多组换热器与两台透平膨胀机并联，根据热气流向依次为一级透平膨胀机和二级透平膨胀机，两台透平膨胀机之间通过气路管道与其中一组换热器串联，在两台透平膨胀机之间添加一组旁通回路，旁通回路的进口端与一级透平膨胀机出口端相连，旁通回路上设有旁通调节阀，以调节旁通回路内气体流量，旁通出口端回路与换热器或透平膨胀机相连。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，一级透平膨胀机出口端与位于中间的换热器进口端相连，该组换热器出口端与二级透平膨胀机进口端相连。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，旁通回路的出口端与中间换热器的低压进口端相通。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，旁通回路的出口端与中间换热器的低压出口端相通。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，旁通回路的出口端与二级透平膨胀机的出口端相通。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，旁通回路的出口端与二级透平膨胀机的进口端直接相通以使一级透平膨胀机出口部分气体旁通与二级透平膨胀机进口气流汇合后再进入二级透平膨胀机内。
(三)有益效果
本发明的上述技术方案具有如下优点：
本发明通过利用旁通调节阀调节一级及二级透平膨胀机的气体流量，使得一、二级透平膨胀机在不同的质量流量下工作，便于各自达到所需的设计工作转速，避免了一级透平膨胀机长期在低转速下运转造成的低制冷能力，使得一、二级透平膨胀机在降温过程中始终保持较高的制冷能力，从而减少了低温***的降温时间。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中的两级串联中间换热透平膨胀机工作流程图；
图2是本发明的总概念设计流程图；
图3是传统带液氮预冷克劳特氦液化流程图；
图4是本发明的实施例一工作流程图；
图5是本发明的实施例二工作流程图；
图6是本发明的实施例三工作流程图；
图7是本发明的实施例四工作流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法，如图2所示，包括压缩机、与压缩机相连的若干组换热器以及两台串联的透平膨胀机，根据热气流向依次为一级透平膨胀机和二级透平膨胀机，五组换热器串联与透平膨胀机并联，五组换热器沿高压气体流动方向分别为HEX1、HEX2、HEX3、HEX4、HEX5。两台透平膨胀机之间与中间的HEX3换热器串联，即一级膨胀机气体出口端与HEX3换热器进气端相连，HEX3换热器出气端与二级膨胀机气体进口端相连。在两台透平膨胀机之间添加一组旁通回路，旁通回路进口端与一级透平膨胀机出口端相通，旁通回路上连接有旁通调节阀，以调节旁通回路内气体流量，旁通回路与换热器或透平膨胀机相连。
如图3所示，属于传统带液氮预冷克劳特氦液化流程。以液化率为40L/h的氦液化器为例，液化器自身(不含后续负载，如液氦储存杜瓦的冷却)降温约10小时左右开始实现氦气的液化，具体降温过程如下：
降温初期，开启液氮预冷，开启降温回路控制阀CV2，循环氦气在液氮预冷的情况下将液氮预冷提供的冷量逐渐传递到各级换热器，一级换热器HEX1因为有液氮的直接冷却，降温较快，但后面几级换热器降温较慢。
当HEX1高压氦气出口降温到200K左右，开启膨胀机进气阀CV1，一级透平膨胀机1开始工作；由于后几级换热器降温慢，此时一级透平膨胀机1的进口温度在200K左右，而二级透平膨胀机2的进口温度在260K左右。
对比此时一级透平膨胀机1和二级透平膨胀机2的工作状态，由于此时二级透平膨胀机2进口温度相对较高，体积流量大，膨胀后焓降大，二级透平膨胀机2的转速很容易升到设计转速20,0000rpm(典型的40L/h氦液化器膨胀机的正常工作转速约20,0000rpm)。反之，一级透平膨胀机1进口温度相对较低，体积流量小，膨胀后焓降小，因而在保证二级透平膨胀机2工作在设计转速的情况下，一级透平膨胀机1只能在较低转速，例如10,0000rpm工作。此时一级透平膨胀机1由于膨胀做功不足，制冷量小，降低了氦液化器的降温速率。
随着氦液化器的逐渐降温，二级透平膨胀机2进口温度逐渐降低，最后会低于一级透平膨胀机1的进口温度，在这个过程中，一级透平膨胀机1的转速也逐渐增加，最后两个透平膨胀机都达到设计转速。
由于降温过程中，一级透平膨胀机1及二级透平膨胀机2进口条件偏离设计工况，导致降温过程中一级透平膨胀机1的膨胀制冷能力不足，降温较慢，在这样的工况下，40L/h氦液化器降温时间约需10小时左右才能实现氦气的液化。
实施例一：如图4所示，基于图3原始管路增加旁通回路，且旁通回路的出口端与HEX3换热器的低压进口端相通，然后气体沿冷流流动方向循环。在降温初期，调节旁通调节阀CV5的开度，有助于加速中间换热器的冷却，减少进二级透平膨胀机2的气体流量，可以将一级透平膨胀机1及二级透平膨胀机2都控制在设计转速下工作，这样两个透平膨胀机都在最大制冷能力下工作，有效的加快了降温速率，可以将降温时间减小到约6小时左右。
实施例二：如图5所示，旁通回路的出口端与中间HEX3换热器的低压出口端相通，此方式也可将一级透平膨胀机1及二级透平膨胀机2都控制在设计转速下工作，这样两个透平膨胀机都在最大制冷能力下工作，有效的加快了降温速率。
实施例三：如图6所示，旁通回路的出口端与二级透平膨胀机2的出口端相通，此方式也可将一级透平膨胀机1及二级透平膨胀机2都控制在设计转速下工作，这样两个透平膨胀机都在最大制冷能力下工作，有效的加快了降温速率。
实施例四：如图7所示，旁通回路的出口端与二级透平膨胀机2的进口端直接相通以使一级透平膨胀机1出口部分气体旁通与二级透平膨胀机2进口气流汇合后再进入二级透平膨胀机2内，此方式也可将一级透平膨胀机1及二级透平膨胀机2都控制在设计转速下工作，这样两个透平膨胀机都在最大制冷能力下工作，有效的加快了降温速率。
综上所述，本发明虽然仅增加了一条旁通回路，但是可使得一、二级透平膨胀机在不同的质量流量下工作，便于各自达到所需的设计工作转速，避免了一级透平膨胀机1长期在低转速下运转造成的低制冷能力，使得一、二级透平膨胀机在降温过程中始终保持较高的制冷能力，从而减少了低温***的降温时间。对于有预冷的低温***，降温过程初期，一级透平膨胀机1进口温度低于二级透平膨胀机2进口温度，一级透平膨胀机1膨胀后的温度较低的部分气体旁通后回到中间换热器的低压进口，有助于加速中间换热器的冷却，从而尽快使得一、二级膨胀机转速较好的匹配，加速降温过程。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法，包括压缩机、与压缩机相连的若干组换热器以及两台串联的透平膨胀机，若干组换热器串联，多组换热器与两台透平膨胀机并联，根据热气流向依次为一级透平膨胀机和二级透平膨胀机，其特征在于：两台透平膨胀机之间通过气路管道与其中一组换热器串联，一级透平膨胀机出口端与位于中间的换热器进口端相连，该组换热器出口端与二级透平膨胀机进口端相连；在两台透平膨胀机之间添加一组旁通回路，旁通回路的进口端与一级透平膨胀机出口端相连，旁通回路上设有旁通调节阀，以调节旁通回路内气体流量，减少进二级透平膨胀机的气体流量，旁通出口端回路与换热器或透平膨胀机相连，以使一、二级透平膨胀机达到所需的设计工作转速，减少低温***的降温时间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法，其特征在于：旁通回路的出口端与中间换热器的低压进口端相通。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法，其特征在于：旁通回路的出口端与中间换热器的低压出口端相通。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法，其特征在于：旁通回路的出口端与二级透平膨胀机的出口端相通。
CN202210735389.9A 2022-06-27 2022-06-27 一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法 Active CN114923295B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210735389.9A CN114923295B (zh) 2022-06-27 2022-06-27 一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210735389.9A CN114923295B (zh) 2022-06-27 2022-06-27 一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114923295A CN114923295A (zh) 2022-08-19
CN114923295B true CN114923295B (zh) 2024-02-20

Family

ID=82813701

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210735389.9A Active CN114923295B (zh) 2022-06-27 2022-06-27 一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114923295B (zh)

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05322344A (ja) * 1992-05-26 1993-12-07 Kobe Steel Ltd 冷凍装置におけるタービン式膨張機の運転状態制御方法及び装置
JPH06101918A (ja) * 1992-09-18 1994-04-12 Hitachi Ltd 極低温冷凍機
CN1133392A (zh) * 1994-10-25 1996-10-16 乔治·克劳德方法的研究开发空气股份有限公司 膨胀和压缩至少一种气态物流的方法和装置
JPH08285395A (ja) * 1995-04-10 1996-11-01 Kobe Steel Ltd ヘリウム液化冷凍装置
JP2007017010A (ja) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-25 Railway Technical Res Inst タービン型冷凍機の冷凍能力制御方法及び装置
CN109690216A (zh) * 2016-12-08 2019-04-26 川崎重工业株式会社 原料气体液化装置及其控制方法
CN109764637A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-17 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种新型氦液化器流程装置
CN110657633A (zh) * 2019-10-21 2020-01-07 北京中科富海低温科技有限公司 一种氢液化***
CN215216756U (zh) * 2021-05-26 2021-12-17 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种快速降温快速复温的透平膨胀低温***
CN113883827A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-04 四川空分设备(集团)有限责任公司 一种氦气纯化及液化***
CN113983760A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-28 四川空分设备(集团)有限责任公司 一种氦气超低温纯化和液化***

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05322344A (ja) * 1992-05-26 1993-12-07 Kobe Steel Ltd 冷凍装置におけるタービン式膨張機の運転状態制御方法及び装置
JPH06101918A (ja) * 1992-09-18 1994-04-12 Hitachi Ltd 極低温冷凍機
CN1133392A (zh) * 1994-10-25 1996-10-16 乔治·克劳德方法的研究开发空气股份有限公司 膨胀和压缩至少一种气态物流的方法和装置
JPH08285395A (ja) * 1995-04-10 1996-11-01 Kobe Steel Ltd ヘリウム液化冷凍装置
JP2007017010A (ja) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-25 Railway Technical Res Inst タービン型冷凍機の冷凍能力制御方法及び装置
CN109690216A (zh) * 2016-12-08 2019-04-26 川崎重工业株式会社 原料气体液化装置及其控制方法
CN109764637A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-17 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种新型氦液化器流程装置
CN110657633A (zh) * 2019-10-21 2020-01-07 北京中科富海低温科技有限公司 一种氢液化***
CN215216756U (zh) * 2021-05-26 2021-12-17 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种快速降温快速复温的透平膨胀低温***
CN113883827A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-04 四川空分设备(集团)有限责任公司 一种氦气纯化及液化***
CN113983760A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-28 四川空分设备(集团)有限责任公司 一种氦气超低温纯化和液化***

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114923295A (zh) 2022-08-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4638639A (en) Gas refrigeration method and apparatus
US20100275616A1 (en) Cryogenic refrigerator and control method therefor
EP0171951B1 (en) Refrigeration method
CN109690216B (zh) 原料气体液化装置及其控制方法
CN114923295B (zh) 一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法
CN114812095B (zh) 一种超流氦制冷机
CN114877555B (zh) 一种具有叶轮机械入口兑温管路的超流氦制冷机
CN114739032B (zh) 一种超流氦制冷机
CN114963688B (zh) 采用低温透平压缩循环的氢液化***
KR20230144566A (ko) 수소 및/또는 헬륨과 같은 유체를 액화시키기 위한 디바이스 및 방법
CN211977383U (zh) 氦液化及不同温度等级氦气冷源供给装置
US20240118025A1 (en) Device and method for refrigerating or liquefying a fluid
JPH06265230A (ja) 液化冷凍装置の運転制御方法及び装置
JP2873388B2 (ja) 冷凍機及びその冷凍能力の調整方法
JP2945806B2 (ja) 液化冷凍装置に設けられる冷凍負荷の予冷装置
CN115342596B (zh) 一种氢气开式循环制冷***
US20240151464A1 (en) Device and method for liquefying a fluid such as hydrogen and/or helium
JPH03247965A (ja) ヘリウム冷凍装置
KR20230137193A (ko) 다중 줄톰슨팽창사이클을 이용한 수소액화플랜트용 고효율 극저온냉동기
CN116972545A (zh) 一种稀释制冷机
Roobol et al. Operation of the He-liquefier of the AGOR cyclotron
JPH0579719A (ja) ヘリウム液化冷凍装置
JPH0250381B2 (zh)
JPS63169449A (ja) 極低温冷凍装置
JPH01159568A (ja) 極低温液化冷凍装置の運転制御方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant